2013年12月 N3真题答案
浙江大学英语三级真题2013年12月_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
浙江大学英语三级真题2013年12月(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.• A. 10:00.• B. 10:10.• C. 10:50.• D. 11:00.A B C D分值: 1答案:C[听力原文]W: Wasn't your appointment for 10:30?M: Yes, but I had to be 20 minutes late.Q: What time did the man arrive for the appointment?对话中说男士的约会是在10:30，但he had to be 20 minutes late他要迟到20分钟，所以最终到达的时间是10:50。
大学历年考研真题-2013年考研数学三答案
2013年考研数学三真题及答案一、选择题 1—8小题．每小题4分，共32分．１．当0→x 时，用)(x o 表示比x 高阶的无穷小，则下列式子中错误的是（ ）（A ）)()(32x o x o x =⋅ （B ）)()()(32x o x o x o = （C ）)()()(222x o x o x o =+ （D ）)()()(22x o x o x o =+【详解】由高阶无穷小的定义可知（A ）（B ）（C ）都是正确的，对于（D ）可找出反例，例如当0→x 时)()(),()(2332x o x x g x o x x x f ===+=，但)()()(x o x g x f =+而不是)(2x o 故应该选（D ）．2．函数xx x x x f xln )1(1)(+-=的可去间断点的个数为（ ）（A ）0 （B ）1 （C ）2 （D ）3 【详解】当0ln →x x 时，x x ex xx xln ~11ln -=-，1ln ln limln )1(1lim)(lim 0==+-=→→→x x x x x x x x x f x xx x ，所以0=x 是函数)(x f 的可去间断点．21ln 2ln limln )1(1lim)(lim 011==+-=→→→xx xx xx x x x f x xx x ，所以1=x 是函数)(x f 的可去间断点． ∞=+-=+-=-→-→-→xx x x xx x x x f x x x x ln )1(ln limln )1(1lim)(lim 111，所以所以1-=x 不是函数)(x f 的可去间断点．故应该选（C ）．３．设k D 是圆域{}1|),(22≤+=y x y x D 的第k 象限的部分，记⎰⎰-=kD k dxdy x y I )(，则（ ）（A ）01>I （B ）02>I （C ）03>I （D ）04>I 【详解】由极坐标系下二重积分的计算可知()ππππππθθθθθθθθ22122110222)1(|cos sin 31)sin (sin 31)cos (sin )(k k kk kk D k d dr r d dxdy x y I k ---+-=-=-=-=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰所以ππ32,32,04231-====I I I I ，应该选（B ）． ４．设{}n a 为正项数列，则下列选择项正确的是（ ）（A ）若1+>n n a a ，则∑∞=--11)1(n n n a 收敛；（B ）若∑∞=--11)1(n n n a 收敛，则1+>n n a a ；（C ）若∑∞=1n na收敛．则存在常数1>P ，使n pn a n ∞→lim 存在；（D ）若存在常数1>P ，使n pn a n ∞→lim 存在，则∑∞=1n na收敛．【详解】由正项级数的比较审敛法，可知选项（D ）正确，故应选（Ｄ）．此小题的（A ）（B ）选项想考查的交错级数收敛的莱布尼兹条件，对于选项（A ），但少一条件0lim =∞→n n a ，显然错误．而莱布尼兹条件只是交错级数收敛的充分条件，不是必要条件，选项（B ）也不正确，反例自己去构造．５．设Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ均为n 阶矩阵，若ＡＢ＝Ｃ，且Ｂ可逆，则（A ）矩阵C 的行向量组与矩阵A 的行向量组等价． （B ）矩阵C 的列向量组与矩阵A 的列向量组等价． （C ）矩阵C 的行向量组与矩阵B 的行向量组等价． （D ）矩阵C 的列向量组与矩阵B 的列向量组等价． 【详解】把矩阵A ，C 列分块如下：()()n n C A γγγααα,,,,,,,2121 ==，由于ＡＢ＝Ｃ，则可知),,2,1(2211n i b b b n in i i i =+++=αααγ，得到矩阵C 的列向量组可用矩阵A 的列向量组线性表示．同时由于B 可逆，即1-=CB A ，同理可知矩阵A 的列向量组可用矩阵C 的列向量组线性表示，所以矩阵C 的列向量组与矩阵A 的列向量组等价．应该选（B ）．6．矩阵⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛1111a a b a a 与矩阵⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛00000002b 相似的充分必要条件是（A ）2,0==b a （B ）0=a ，b 为任意常数 （C ）0,2==b a （D ）2=a ，b 为任意常数【详解】注意矩阵⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛00000002b 是对角矩阵，所以矩阵A=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛1111a a b a a 与矩阵⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛00000002b 相似的充分必要条件是两个矩阵的特征值对应相等．)22)2((111122a b b aa baa A E -++--=---------=-λλλλλλλ从而可知b a b 2222=-，即0=a ，b 为任意常数，故选择（B ）．7．设321,,X X X 是随机变量，且)3,5(~),2,0(~),1,0(~23221N X N X N X ，{}22≤≤-=i i X P P ，则（A ）321P P P >> （B ）312P P P >> （C ）123P P P >> （D ）231P P P >> 【详解】若),(~2σμN X ，则)1,0(~N X σμ-1)2(21-Φ=P ，{}1)1(212122222-Φ=⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧≤≤-=≤≤-=X P X P P ， {}())13737)1(3523535222333Φ-⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛Φ=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-Φ--Φ=⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧-≤-≤--=≤≤-=X P X P P ， =-23P P 0)1(32)1(3371<Φ-<Φ-⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛Φ+．故选择（A ）．则{}==+2Y X P （ ） （A ）121 （B ）81 （C ）61 （D ）21【详解】{}{}{}{}612412411211,30,21,12=++=-==+==+====+Y X P Y X P Y X P Y X P ，故选择（C ）．二、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）9．设曲线)(x f y =和x x y -=2在点()0,1处有切线，则=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+∞→2lim n n nf n ．【详解】由条件可知()1)1(',01==f f ．所以2)1('22222)1(221lim2lim -=-=-+⋅+--⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-+=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+∞→∞→f nn n f n f n n nf n n10．设函数()y x z z ,=是由方程()xy y z x=+确定，则=∂∂)2,1(|xz． 【详解】设()xy y z z y x F x-+=)(,,，则()1)(),,(,)ln()(,,-+=-++=x z xx y z x z y x F y y z y z z y x F ，当2,1==y x 时，0=z ，所以2ln 22|)2,1(-=∂∂xz． 11．=+⎰∞+x d x x12)1(ln ．【详解】2ln |1ln )1(1|1ln 11ln )1(ln 111112=+=+++-=+-=+∞+∞+∞+∞+∞+⎰⎰⎰x x dx x x x x x xd x d x x 12．微分方程041=+'-''y y y 的通解为 ． 【详解】方程的特征方程为041=+-λλr，两个特征根分别为2121==λλ，所以方程通解为221)(xex C C y +=，其中21,C C 为任意常数．13．设()ij a A =是三阶非零矩阵，A 为其行列式，ij A 为元素ij a 的代数余子式，且满足)3,2,1,(0==+j i a A ij ij ，则A = ．【详解】由条件)3,2,1,(0==+j i a A ij ij 可知0*=+TA A ，其中*A 为A 的伴随矩阵，从而可知A AA A T -===-13**，所以A 可能为1-或0．但由结论⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-<-===1)(,01)(,1)(,)(*n A r n A r n A r n A r 可知，0*=+TA A 可知*)()(A r A r =,伴随矩阵的秩只能为3，所以.1-=A14．设随机变量X 服从标准正分布)1,0(~N X ，则()=XXeE 2 ． 【详解】()=X Xe E 2dx ex e dx ex dx exe x x x x⎰⎰⎰∞+∞---∞+∞-+--∞+∞--+-==2)2(222)2(22222)22(2221πππ22222222)(2222e e X E e dt e dt te e t t =+=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎰⎰∞+∞--∞+∞--π． 所以为22e ．三、解答题15．（本题满分10分）当0→x 时，x x x 3cos 2cos cos 1-与nax 是等价无穷小，求常数n a ,． 【分析】主要是考查0→x 时常见函数的马克劳林展开式． 【详解】当0→x 时，)(211cos 22x o x x +-=，)(21)()2(2112cos 2222x o x x o x x +-=+-=，)(291)()3(2113cos 2222x o x x o x x +-=+-=，所以)(7))(291))((21))((211(13cos 2cos cos 122222222x o x x o x x o x x o x x x x +=+-+-+--=-，由于x x x 3cos 2cos cos 1-与nax 是等价无穷小，所以2,7==n a ． 16．（本题满分10分） 设D 是由曲线3x y =，直线a x =)0(>a 及x 轴所转成的平面图形，y x V V ,分别是D 绕x 轴和y 轴旋转一周所形成的立体的体积，若y x V V =10，求a 的值． 【详解】由微元法可知πππ35320253a dx x dx y V a ax ===⎰⎰；πππ37340762)(2a dx x dx x xf V a ay ===⎰⎰；由条件y x V V =10，知77=a ． 17．（本题满分10分）设平面区域D 是由曲线8,3,3=+==y x x y y x 所围成，求⎰⎰D dxdy x 2．【详解】341683622332222221=+=+=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰-xx x x D D Ddy dx x dy dx x dxdy x dxdy x dxdy x ． 18．（本题满分10分）设生产某产品的固定成本为6000元，可变成本为20元/件，价格函数为,100060QP -=（P 是单价，单位：元，Q 是销量，单位：件），已知产销平衡，求： （1）该的边际利润．（2）当P=50时的边际利润，并解释其经济意义． （3）使得利润最大的定价P ． 【详解】（1）设利润为y ，则6000100040)206000(2--=+-=Q Q Q PQ y ，边际利润为.50040'Q y -= （2）当P=50时，Q=10000，边际利润为20．经济意义为：当P=50时，销量每增加一个，利润增加20． （3）令0'=y ，得.40100002000060,20000=-==P Q19．（本题满分10分）设函数()x f 在),0[+∞上可导，()00=f ，且2)(lim =+∞→x f x ，证明（1）存在0>a ，使得();1=a f（2）对（1）中的a ，存在),0(a ∈ξ，使得af 1)('=ξ． 【详解】证明（1）由于2)(lim =+∞→x f x ，所以存在0>X ，当X x >时，有25)(23<<x f ， 又由于()x f 在),0[+∞上连续，且()00=f ，由介值定理，存在0>a ，使得();1=a f （2）函数()x f 在],0[a 上可导，由拉格朗日中值定理， 存在),0(a ∈ξ，使得aa f a f f 1)0()()('=-=ξ．20．（本题满分11分）设⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=b B a A 110,011，问当b a ,为何值时，存在矩阵C ，使得B CA AC =-，并求出所有矩阵C ．【详解】显然由B CA AC =-可知，如果C 存在，则必须是2阶的方阵．设⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=4321x xx x C ， 则B CA AC =-变形为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛---++-+-b ax x xx x ax x ax ax x 1103243142132， 即得到线性方程组⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=-=--=++-=+-bax x x x x ax x ax ax x 3243142132110，要使C 存在，此线性方程组必须有解，于是对方程组的增广矩阵进行初等行变换如下()⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+---→⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-----=b a ab a aa ab A 0010000001011101010111011010010|， 所以，当0,1=-=b a 时，线性方程组有解，即存在矩阵C ，使得B CA AC =-．此时，()⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--→00000000000011011101|b A ，所以方程组的通解为⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=100101110001214321C C x x x x x ，也就是满足B CA AC =-的矩阵C 为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-++=211211C C C C C C ，其中21,C C 为任意常数．21．（本题满分11分）设二次型23322112332211321)()(2),,(x b x b x b x a x a x a x x x f +++++=．记⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=321321,b b b a a a βα．（1）证明二次型f 对应的矩阵为 TTββαα+2；（2）若βα,正交且为单位向量，证明f 在正交变换下的标准形为 22212y y +． 【详解】证明：（1）()()()()()()()()()()⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=+++++=321321321321321321321321321321321321321321233221123322113212,,,,2,,,,,,,,,,2)()(2),,(x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x b b b b b b x x x x x x a a a a a a x x x x b x b x b x a x a x a x x x f TT TTββααββαα所以二次型f 对应的矩阵为 TT ββαα+2．证明（2）设=A TT ββαα+2，由于0,1==αβαT则()ααββαααββααα2222=+=+=T TT A ，所以α为矩阵对应特征值21=λ的特征向量；()ββββααβββααβ=+=+=222T T T A ，所以β为矩阵对应特征值12=λ的特征向量；而矩阵A 的秩2)()2()2()(=+≤+=TTTTr r r A r ββααββαα，所以03=λ也是矩阵的一个特征值． 故f 在正交变换下的标准形为 22212y y +． 22．（本题满分11分）设()Y X ,是二维随机变量，X 的边缘概率密度为⎩⎨⎧<<=其他,010,3)(2x x x f X ，在给定)10(<<=x x X 的条件下，Y 的条件概率密度为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<<=其他,0,0,3)/(32x y x y x y f XY ．（1）求()Y X ,的联合概率密度()y x f ,； （2）Y 的的边缘概率密度)(y f Y ．【详解】（1）()Y X ,的联合概率密度()y x f ,：()⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<<<<=⋅=其他,00,10,9)()/(,2x y x x y x f x y f y x f X XY（2）Y 的的边缘概率密度)(y f Y ：⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧<<-===⎰⎰∞+∞-其他,010,ln 99),()(212y y y dx x y dx y x f y f yY 23．（本题满分11分）设总体X 的概率密度为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>=-其他,00,);(32x e x x f x θθθ，其中θ为为未知参数且大于零，n X X X ,21为来自总体X 的简单随机样本． （1）求θ的矩估计量； （2）求θ的极大似然估计量．【详解】（1）先求出总体的数学期望E （X ）θθθ===⎰⎰∞+-∞+∞-022)()(dx e xdx x xf X E x ，令∑===n n i X n X X E 11)(，得θ的矩估计量∑=∧==ni i X n X 11θ．（2）当),2,1(0n i x i =>时，似然函数为⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-==-∑⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛==∏∏ni i ix n i i n ni x i ex e x L 11312132)(θθθθθ， 取对数，∑∑==-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=ni i n i i x xn L 11ln 31ln 2)(ln θθθ，令0)(ln =θθd L d ，得0121=-∑=n i i x n θ， 解得θ的极大似然估计量为∑=∧=ni iX n112θ．。
2013年考研数三真题与答案解析（完整版）
2013年考研数三真题与答案解析（完整版）2013 年考研数三真题及答案解析一、选择题1 —8 小题．每小题4 分，共 32 分．、１．当 x0 时，用 o(x) 表示比 x 高阶的无穷小，则下列式子中错误的是（）（ A ） x o ( x 2 ) o(x 3 )（ B ） o( x) o(x 2 ) o( x 3 )（ C ） o( x 2 ) o( x 2 )o( x 2 )（ D ） o(x) o( x 2 ) o( x 2 )【详解】由高阶无穷小的定义可知（ A ）（ B ）（ C ）都是正确的，对于（ D ）可找出反例，例如当 x 0时 f (x)x 2x 3 o( x), g( x)x 3o(x 2 ) ，但 f (x)g(x)o( x) 而不是o( x 2 ) 故应该选（ D ）．xx2．函数 f ( x)1的可去间断点的个数为（）x( x1) ln x（A ）0（ B ）1（ C ）2（D ）3【详解】当 x ln xx1e xln x1 ~ x ln x ，0 时， xxx ln xlim f ( x) limx1lim 1 ，所以 x 0是函数 f ( x) 的可去间断点．x 0x 0x( x 1) ln xx 0x ln xxx ln xlim f ( x) limx1lim 1，所以 x1 是函数 f ( x) 的可去间断点．x 1x 1x( x 1) ln xx 02 x ln x2xxxln xlim f ( x)lim1lim，所以所以 x1不是函数 f (x) 的(x 1) ln xx1x1x(x 1) ln xx 1可去间断点．故应该选（ C ）．３．设 D k 是圆域 D( x, y) | x 2y 2 1 的第 k 象限的部分，记 I k ( y x)dxdy ，则（）（ A ） I 1B I 2 0C 3 0D I 4 0（）（） I（）【详解】由极坐标系下二重积分的计算可知k 2121I k( yx)dxdy( k 1) d(sincos )rdrD k321kcos |k 2sin13所以 I 1I 30,I 22 , I 4 2 ，应该选（ B ）．3 3４．设 a n 为正项数列，则下列选择项正确的是（）（A ）若 a na n 1 ，则( 1) n 1 a n 收敛；n 1k2 (sinsin ) dk 1 2（B ）若( 1)n 1 a n 收敛，则 a n a n 1 ；n 1（C ）若a n 收敛．则存在常数 P 1，使 lim n p a n 存在；n 1n（D ）若存在常数 P 1，使 lim n p a n 存在，则a n 收敛．nn 1【详解】由正项级数的比较审敛法，可知选项（D ）正确，故应选（Ｄ）．此小题的（ A ）（ B ）选项想考查的交错级数收敛的莱布尼兹条件，对于选项（ A ），但少一条件 lim a n0 ，显然错误．而莱布尼兹条件只是交错级数收敛的充分条件，不是必要条件，n选项（ B ）也不正确，反例自己去构造．５．设Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ均为 n 阶矩阵，若ＡＢ＝Ｃ，且Ｂ可逆，则（ A ）矩阵 C 的行向量组与矩阵 A 的行向量组等价．（ B ）矩阵 C 的列向量组与矩阵 A 的列向量组等价．（ C ）矩阵 C 的行向量组与矩阵 B 的行向量组等价．（ D ）矩阵 C 的列向量组与矩阵 B 的列向量组等价．【详解】把矩阵 A ，C 列分块如下： A 1, 2,, n , C 1 , 2 , , n ，由于ＡＢ＝Ｃ，则可知i b i1 1 b i 2 2b in n (i 1,2, , n) ，得到矩阵 C 的列向量组可用矩阵 A 的列向量组线性表示．同时由于B 可逆，即 A CB 1 ，同理可知矩阵A 的列向量组可用矩阵C 的列向量组线性表示，所以矩阵C 的列向量组与矩阵 A 的列向量组等价．应该选（B ）．1 a 12 06．矩阵 a b a与矩阵0 b 0 相似的充分必要条件是1 a 10 0（） a0,b2（） a 0， b 为任意常数AB（ C ） a 2,b 0（D ） a 2 ， b 为任意常数2 01 a 12 0 0 【详解】注意矩阵 0 b0 是对角矩阵，所以矩阵 A= a ba 与矩阵0 b 0 相 0 01 a 10 0似的充分必要条件是两个矩阵的特征值对应相等．1a 1 E Aa b a ( 2(b 2)2b 2a 2 )1a1从而可知 2b 2a 2 2b ，即 a 0 ， b 为任意常数，故选择（ B ）．7 ．设 X 1,X 2,X 3是随机变量，且X 1~ N (0,1), X 2 ~ N(0,22), X 3 ~ N(5,32) ，P iP 2 X i2 ，则（A ） P 1 P 2 P 3 （B ） P 2 P 1 P 3 （C ） P 3P 2 P 1（D ） P 1P 3P 2【详解】若 X ~ N( , 2)，则 X~ N(0,1)P 1 2 (2) 1， P 2 P2X 22PX 2 12 (1) 1，12P 3 P2X 32 P2 5 X3 52 5 7 73331)33，P 3P 217 3 (1) 0．3(1)23故选择（ A ）．8．设随机变量 X 和 Y 相互独立，且X 和 Y 的概率分布分别为X0 1 2P1/21/41/8Y -1 0 P1/31/3则PXY2 （）（A ）1（B ）1（C ）1（D ） 123P 1/8 1 1/312【详解】PXY2PX1,Y1PX2,Y0PX1111 3,Y12424612，故选择（ C）．二、填空题（本题共 6 小题，每小题 4分，满分 24分 .把答案填在题中横线上）9．设曲线y f (x) 和 y x 2x 在点1,0处有切线，则lim nf n．n n2【详解】由条件可知 f 10, f ' (1)1．所以f12 n n f (1)lim nf lim2 2 f '(1)2n22n 2n nn22n10．设函数z z x, y 是由方程z y x xy 确定，则z|(1,2 )．x【详解】设 F x, y, z F x x, y, z( z y) x l z y)当 x 1, y 2 时，z0 ，所以11．ln x2 d x．(1x)1z y x xy，则)y, F z (x,ny, z) x(z y) x 1，(z|(1, 2 )2 2 ln 2 ．x【详解】1ln x2 dx1ln xd1ln x |111dx ln x|1 ln 2 (1 x) 1 x1x x(1 x)x112．微分方程y y 1 y0 的通解为．411【详解】方程的特征方程为r0，两个特征根分别为412，所以方程通2x解为 y (C1 C 2 x) e2，其中 C1 ,C2为任意常数．13．设A aij是三阶非零矩阵，A 为其行列式，A ij为元素a ij的代数余子式，且满足Aij aij0(i , j1,2,3) ，则A=．【详解】由条件 Aaij0(i, j 1,2,3) 可知 AA* T 0 ，其中 A * 为 A 的伴随矩阵，从而可知A* A *T3 1A ，所以 A 可能为1或 0．An,r (A)n但由结论 r ( A * )1, r ( A) n 1 可知， A A * T 0 可知 r ( A)r ( A*) , 伴随矩阵的秩只0, r ( A) n1能为 3，所以 A 1.14．设随机变量 X 服从标准正分布 X ~ N ( 0,1) ，则 E Xe 2X ．【详解】E Xe 2 X1 x 2x(x 2)2e 2(x 2) 2xee 2dxe2dx( x 22)e 2dx222 2e 2t 2t 2te 2 dt 2e 2 dte 2 E( X ) 2e 2 2e 2 ．2所以为 2e 2 ．三、解答题15．（本题满分 10 分）当 x0时，1 cosx cos2x cos3x 与 ax n 是等价无穷小，求常数a, n ．【分析】主要是考查 x 0 时常见函数的马克劳林展开式．【详解】当 x 0时，22 )，c x o 1 s xo( x1(2x) 22cos2 x1 o(x2 ) 1 2 x 2 o(x 2 )，2cos3x11(3x)2o( x 2 ) 1 9 x 2 o( x 2 ) ，2 2所以1 cosx cos2xcos3x1 (1 1 x2 o( x 2 ))(12x 2 o(x 2 ))(1 9 x 2o( x 2 )) 7x 2o( x 2 )22由于 1cosx cos2 x cos3x 与 ax n 是等价无穷小，所以 a 7, n 2 ．16．（本题满分10 分）设 D 是由曲线 y3x ，直线 x a (a 0) 及 x 轴所转成的平面图形，V x ,V y 分别是 D 绕 x轴和 y 轴旋转一周所形成的立体的体积，若10V x V y ，求 a 的值．【详解】由微元法可知a252 dxa3a 3V xy x 3 dx；5aa 47x 3dx6V y2 xf ( x) dx 2；0 7由条件 10V x V y ，知 a 7 7 ．17．（本题满分 10 分）设平面区域 D 是由曲线 x3 y, y3x, x y 8 所围成，求x 2 dxdy ．D【详解】x 2dxdyx 2dxdyx 2dxdy2x 2dx x dyx 2dx x dy416 ．3 x6 8 xDD 1D 20 3318．（本题满分 10 分）设生产某产品的固定成本为6000 元，可变成本为20 元 / 件，价格函数为 P60Q,（P1000是单价，单位：元，Q 是销量，单位：件），已知产销平衡，求：（ 1）该的边际利润．（ 2）当 P=50 时的边际利润，并解释其经济意义．（ 3）使得利润最大的定价 P ．【详解】（1）设利润为Q 2 y ，则 y PQ (6000 20Q ) 40Q6000 ，1000边际利润为 y'40Q .500（ 2）当 P=50 时， Q=10000，边际利润为 20．经济意义为：当 P=50 时，销量每增加一个，利润增加20．（3）令 y'0，得Q20000 , P20000 40.6019．（本题满分 10 分）设函数 f x 在 [0,) 上可导， f0 0 ，且 lim f (x)2 ，证明x（1）存在 a 0 ，使得 f a1;（2）对（ 1）中的 a，存在(0, a) ，使得 f ' ( 1 ．)a【详解】证明（ 1）由于lim()2，所以存在X0，当 x X 时，有3，f x5x f (x)22又由于 f x在 [0,) 上连续，且 f 00 ，由介值定理，存在a0 ，使得f a 1;（2）函数f x 在 [0,a] 上可导，由拉格朗日中值定理，存在(0, a) ，使得 f ' ()f (a) f (0)1．a a20．（本题满分 11 分）1a，问当 a, b 为何值时，存在矩阵C，使得AC CA B ，并求出设 A01b1所有矩阵 C．【详解】显然由 AC CA B 可知，如果C存在，则必须是x1x22 阶的方阵．设C，x3x4则 AC CA B 变形为x2ax3ax1x2ax40 1，x1x3x4x2ax3 1 bx2ax30即得到线性方程组ax1x2ax41，要使 C 存在，此线性方程组必须有解，于是对方x1x3x41x2ax3b程组的增广矩阵进行初等行变换如下01a0010111a10a101a00 A |b011100001，1a01a0b0000b所以，当a1, b0 时，线性方程组有解，即存在矩阵C，使得AC CA B ．10111此时， A | b011000000，x1111所以方程组的通解为x x20C11C2，也就是满足 AC CA B 的矩阵x3010x4001C为C1C1C2C1，其中 C1 , C2为任意常数．C1C221．（本题满分 11 分）设二次型 f ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) 2(a1 x1 a2 x2 a3 x3 ) 2(b1 x1 b2 x2 b3 x3 )2．记a1b1a2,b2．a3b3（1）证明二次型 f 对应的矩阵为 2T T ；（2）若,正交且为单位向量，证明f在正交变换下的标准形为2 y12y22．【详解】证明：（1）f ( x1, x2 , x3 ) 2(a1 x1 a2 x2a3 x3 ) 2(b1 x1b2 x2b3 x3 ) 2a1x1b12 x1, x2 , x3 a2a1 ,a2 , a3 x2x1 , x2 , x3 b2 b1, b2 ,b3a3x3b3x1x1x1, x2 , x3 2T x2x1, x2 , x3T x2x1x1, x2 , x3 2T T x2x3所以二次型 f 对应的矩阵为2T T ．证明（ 2）设A2T T ，由于1, T0则 A2T T22T2，所以为矩阵对应特征值向量；A2T T2T2，所以为矩阵对应特征值量；x1x2x31 2 的特征21的特征向而矩阵 A 的秩r ( A) r ( 2T T )r (2T ) r (T) 2，所以30 也是矩阵的一个特征值．故 f 在正交变换下的标准形为 2 y12y22．22．（本题满分11 分）设 X,Y是二维随机变量， X 的边缘概率密度为f X( x)3x2 ,0x 1 ，在给定0,其他X x(0x1) 的条件下，Y的条件概率密度为f Y( y / x)3y 2,0y x,x 3．X0,其他（1）求X ,Y的联合概率密度 f x, y ；（2） Y 的的边缘概率密度f Y ( y) ．【详解】（ 1）X , Y的联合概率密度 f x, y：f x, y f Y ( y / x) f X ( x)9 y 2,0 x1,0y x xX0,其他（2） Y 的的边缘概率密度f Y ( y) ：f Y ( y) f (x, y)dx 1 9 y29 y2ln y,0 y 1dxy x23．（本题满分11 分）2设总体X 的概率密度为 f (x; )x 3e x , x 00,，其中为为未知参数且大于零，其他X1X 2,X n为来自总体 X 的简单随机样本．（1）求的矩估计量；（2）求的极大似然估计量．【详解】（ 1）先求出总体的数学期望E（ X）2E(X)xf (x)dx2e x dx，x令 E(X)1nX X i，得的矩估计量n n 1（2）当x i0(i1,2, n) 时，似然函数为1 nX i．Xn i1n22nn 1xx iL ( )3 ei3ei 1n，i1x ix ii 1取对数， ln L() 2nlnn1 3nln x i ，x ii 1i 1令 d ln L( )0 ，得2nn10 ，di 1 xi解得的极大似然估计量为．。
甘肃省张掖市2013届高三12月诊断考试化学试题 Word版含答案
甘肃省民乐2012—2013学年第一学期高三12月诊断考试化学试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 O：16 C：12 S：32 N：14 Na：23 Mg：24 Al：27 Cu：64第Ⅰ卷（选择题共42分）一．选择题（本题包括14小题，每小题3分，共42分。
每个小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．化学与生产、生活、社会密切相关，下列有关说法不正确的是( ) A．在食品袋中放入盛有CaO和硫酸亚铁的透气小袋，可防止食物受潮、氧化变质B．MgO、Al2O3的熔点很高，工业上用于制作耐高温材料，也用于冶炼镁和铝C．发酵粉中主要含有碳酸氢钠，能使焙制出的糕点疏松多孔D．利用ClO2对自来水消毒主要是因为ClO2具有强氧化性2．设N A表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法错误的是( )A．一定量的Fe与含1 mol HNO3的稀硝酸恰好反应，则被还原的氮原子数小于N A B．1 L 1 mol/L的FeCl3溶液中含有N A个Fe3＋C．常温常压下，等质量的SO2、S2含有相同的分子数D．125 g CuSO4·5H2O晶体中含有0.5N A个Cu2＋3．下列有关胶体的说法不正确．．．的是( )A．胶体均为无色透明的液体B．利用丁达尔效应可以区分胶体和溶液C．胶体中分散质粒子的直径在1～100 nm之间D．向沸水中逐滴加入少量FeCl3饱和溶液，可制得Fe(OH)3胶体4、在医院实施外科手术时，常用HgCl2稀溶液作为手术刀的消毒剂，已知HgCl2有如下性质：①HgCl2晶体熔点较低；②HgCl2在熔融状态下不能导电；③HgCl2在水溶液中可发生微弱电离。
下列关于HgCl2的叙述不正确的是（）A．HgCl2属于共价化合物B．HgCl2可能含有离子键C．HgCl2属于分子晶体D．HgCl2属于弱电解质5、下列叙述中正确的是（）A．同一主族元素的气态氢化物，其相对分子质量越大，对应的熔、沸点一定越高B．水的熔、沸点高于同主族其它元素形成的氢化物的熔、沸点，是由于水分子内存在氢键C．若R2－离子和M+离子的电子层结构相同，则原子序数：R＞MD．铜和稀硫酸在一定条件下可以反应置换出氢气6．在Al2(SO4)3和MgSO4的混合溶液中，滴加NaOH溶液，生成沉淀的量与滴入NaOH溶液的体积关系如右图所示，则原混合液中Al2(SO4)3与MgSO4的物质的量浓度之比为（）A、6：1B、1：2C、2：1D、3：17．已知Co2O3在酸性溶液中易被还原成Co2＋，且Co2O3、Cl2、FeCl3、I2的氧化性依次减弱。
2013届12月联考英语试题参考答案
Living a low-carbon style of life is playing a more and more important role in energy saving and environmental protection. To fulfill it, we should bear the following in mind. First, it's important to turn off taps and lights and recycle everything recyclable in our daily life. What's more, while sticking to the habit of setting the temperature of your air conditioner at above 26℃ in summer and eating fruits and vegetables in seasons, we should also climb stairs under the fifth floor instead of taking lifts. Let's all take action now and contribute to the prosperity of our mother－the earth.
Thank you!
This passage is about a little hero. Being an orphan, he lived a hard life in early years. He helped the captain and his soldiers but lost his er listening to “A Little Hero”, I was moved and encouraged .The little hero was homeless. He had neither parents nor brothers nor sisters. He lived a poor and hard life by working for another family in his early years. He didn’t study at school, but he loved his country. Compared with the little hero, I had a happy childhood. I have a happy family with many good books,
2013年12月全国高等英语A级考试(含答案详解)
高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)(2013年12月)Part I Listening Comprehension (15minutes)Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections:This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialoguesand questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decideon the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your testpaper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read: A. New York City. B. An evening party.C. An air trip.D. The man’s job.From the dialogue we learn that the man is to take a flight to New York. Therefore, C.An air trip is the correct answer. You should mark C on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center. [A] [B] [C] [D]Now the test will begin.1. A. Have a holiday. B. Fly to Beijing.C. Travel on business with him.D. Prepare some documents.2. A. In a cinema. B. In a library.C. In a store..D. In a bank.3. A. He likes watching football games. B. He likes traveling with his friends.C. He prefers to go traveling alone.D. He prefers to stay at home with his family.4. A. He wants to get a ticket. B. He has finished a report.C. He cannot go to see the movie.D. He has already seen the movie.5. A. She was making a phone call. B. She was driving to the airport.C. She was working in her office.D. She was having a meeting.Section BDirection:This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recordedquestions .Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When youhear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A,B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation 16. A. He is a sportsman. B. He is a sports writer.C. He is a tour guide.D. He is a bus driver.7. A. Exciting. B. Dangerous.C. Unpleasant.D. Boring.Conversation 28. A. One year. B. Three years.C. Five years.D. Seven years.9. A. Because he expects a better salary. B. Because he is tired of his boss.C. Because he doesn’t like traveling.D. Because he likes to work in a big company.10. A. In three working days. B. Within two weeks.C. The next day.D. A month later.Section CDirections:This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be read two times. When you hear a question .you should complete theanswer to it with a word or a short phrase (in no more than 3words). The questionsand incomplete answers are printed in your test paper. You should write your answerson the answer sheet correspondingly. Now listen to the passage11. Who is being introduced at the meeting?Mr. John Smith, the new __________________.12. How long did Mr. John Smith work in Chicago?For over_______________________________.13. What position did Mr. John Smith hold in his previous company?He worked as the _____________________________________.14. What kind of knowledge does John Smith have that is very important to the company?His knowledge of _____________________________________.15. What kind of business does the speaker’s company do?It is an ______________________________ business.Part II Structure (15 minutes)Directions:This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections:In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.16. If Jack ________ the real situation, he would have made a different plan.A. knowsB. knewC. will knowD. had known17. In the last few years, our company ________ a great deal of attention to building up companyculture.A. paysB. would payC. is payingD. has been paying18. We take great pride in our campus, ________is one of the most beautiful university settings inthe country.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when19. We will provide you with tips to help you keep your stress levels________ control.A. forB. onC. underD. with20. Sometimes ________ a business can feel like a tough decision to make, no matter how goodyour idea is.A. startingB. being startedC. startD. to be started21. They still have some problems ________in designing the new energy vehicles.A. overcomeB. overcomingC. to overcomeD. overcomes22. It was not until yesterday ________the business negotiation finally came to a successful end.A. whenB. thatC. sinceD. after23. The program _______to help students prepare for their first year at our college.A. is designedB. designedC. designsD. has designed24. As soon as we ________ your order, we will process it and deliver your package immediately.A. receiveB. had receivedC. receivedD. will receive25. No sooner ________ his job in a small company than he received an offer from a biginternational firm.A. he quitB. he had quitC. had he quitD. does he quit Section BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the word or words in thecorresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. We make every effort to ensure that our transaction process is safe and that your (person)__________ information is secure.27. Sales in the first half of the year were (slow) __________than expected, but they are expectingstronger sales in the second half.28. It is not (surprise) __________ that this new style of handbag is mainly purchased by youngwomen.29. (obvious) __________, the company does not seem to care much about its customer services.30. Employers in a small (organize) __________are especially interested in individuals with goodcommunication skills.31. Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints (handle) __________by thecompany last month.32. UK universities should focus on (provide) __________overseas students with Englishlanguage sills and British culture as well.33. A completely new idea (deal) __________ with air pollution in big cities attracted much publicattention.34. He is one of the most qualified engineers our company (employ) __________ in the last tenyears.35. If you successfully complete the training program, you will (interview) __________ by thecompany for the final decision.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Finding a good work-at-home job is not easy. Although you see all the online advertising, there aren’t that many of them. Those that are available may require that you live in a certain area or spend at least some time in the office. Others man be only part-time jobs.Keep in mind that the skills needed for home employment are similar to those needed for working in an office. You’ll also need a home office with a high speed internet connection, phone, fax, computer, printer, and other basic office equipment.To get started, consider your job search as your job. Spend as many hours per week on your job search as you would spend working. If you’re looking for full-time work, you should be spending full-time hours seeking a job.Networking ( 人际联系)remains the top way to find a job and it does work. Develop contacts—friends, family, even the other job seekers—anyone who might have the information you need. You can take a direct approach and ask for job information or try a less formal approach and ask for information and advice. Contact everyone you know and tell them you want to work from home. You may be surprised by the people they know and the job information they can provide.36. According to the first paragraph, it is not easy to find good work-at-home jobs because__________.A. they are seldom advertised online or in newspapersB. they may require that you live in a certain placeC. you are always asked to work full-timeD. you need to have a college degree37. Compared with those needed for working in an office, the skills for working at homeare_________.A. much easierB. totally differentC. almost the sameD. more challenging38. To find a good work-at-home job, you are advised to_________.A. create a website of your ownB. contact as many companies as you canC. Try your best to look for full- time employmentD. spend as much time as possible on your job search39. According to the passage, the best way to find a work-at-home job is_________.A. through networkingB. by personal visitsC. by online applicationD. through e-mailing40. The passage is mainly about __________.A. How to build a work-at-home officeB. How to look for a work-at-home jobC. the equipment needed for home workingD. the skills required for working from homeTask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.Running your small business requires good staff. Once you find them, you don’t want to let them go elsewhere.During an employee’s time with a company, there are a number of forces that influence his or her behavior. I like to refer to them as “push”and “pull”. You’re either pushing an employee towards the door, or pulling them deeper into your organization.Suppose that you’ve made a good hire and you want to keep the employees, the trick is torecognize individual needs of employees and satisfy those needs, within reason, on order to keep pulling them away from the door. Even if you can’t pull them away from the door, at least don’t do things to push them out the door.Recognize that some employees will lose interest and need something fresh to keep their interest. If you can’t continually provide challenges, opportunities for promotion and other interesting and rewarding opportunities, then you’ll have some employees leave through no fault of your own,The important thing is to identify your key employees and make certain they are being treated well. Communicate with them on a regular basis to make certain that you understand what makes them behave in a particular way, and be aware of concerns they may have about job satisfaction.41. The author uses the word “push” (Para.2) to mean the force that _______.A. makes employees satisfied with their workB. drives employees to work more efficientlyC. causes employees to leave their companyD. keep employees to remain in their company42. To keep your employees, you are advised to _______.A. recognize and meet their needsB. identify and overcome their faultsC. offer them a salary as high as possibleD. provide them with a better working condition43. According to the passage, when is it possible for some employees to lose interest ?A. they have no rewarding opportunities.B. The company is located in a remote area.C. They make an mistakes in their workD. The company is not big enough for development44. How should you deal with your key employees according to the last paragraph?A. Make them behave well.B. Meet with them every day.C. Pay regular visits to their familyD. Make sure they are well-treated.45. The passage is mainly about __________.A. how to keep your employeesB. the importance of key employeesC. how to challenge your employeesD. the difference between “push” and “pull”Task 3Directions: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 to No.50). You should write your answers briefly (in notmore than three words) on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Deutsche Bahn AGDeutsche Bahn (DB) AG was found in 1994. Today, it is one of the world’s leading passenger and logistics (物流) companies and operates in 130 countries.Every day about 290 000 employees provide passenger transportation and logistics services for customers around the world, as well as controlling and operating the relater transport networks in the rail, land, ocean, and air transport. In the 2010 financial year, DB AG posted revenues（总收入）of about 34.4 billion euros (欧元).The company’s railway activities in Germany——with about seven million passengers and 1 138 000 tons of goods transported every day——are its core business. Moreover, every day DB transports more then two million customers by bus. And every day DB AG operates over 26 000 train trips on its modern 33 000 kilometer long track network. DB’s main strategy, in addition to increasing its international activities, is to link together all modes of transport and building new travel and logistics chains worldwide.Task 4Directions:The following is a list of items related to museum visiting. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to (与…等同) those given in Chinese in the tablebelow. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the AnswerSheet, numbered 51 through 55.A—Admission information J—No AdmissionB—Adult admission K—Group tour entranceC—Student admission L—Audio guideD—Opening hours M—Family visitE—National museum N—Floor plans and galleriesF—Visitor route O—Multimedia guideG—Museum collection P—Group ticketH—Ticket desk Q—Information deskI—Please do not touchExamples: (B) 成人门票(N) 平面图和展馆Task 5Directions：Read the following passage. After reading it, you should give brief answers to the 5questions (No.56 to No.60) that follow. The answers (in not more than three words)should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Lost Property OfficeOpening hoursThe office is open every day from 08:00-19:00Contacting the lost property officeTelephone number: 0844 824 3115 (UK only).If you are calling from outside the UK, please call +44 (0) 20 8634 4130Phone lines are open every day 09:00-17:00E-mail: lhr. lostproperty@Where to find usWe are by the Heathrow Express ticket office near terminal (航站楼)3. Just follow the signs for “Lost Property” in the underground passageway.We also have an office in terminal 5 for any items lost here or on a British Airways flight operating from this terminal. Find us near domestic arrivals.Hold baggage (托运行李) enquiriesBaggage delivery is the responsibility of each airline. For inquiries relating to hold baggage please contact your airline directly.Items left on aircraft, in airline lounges(候机厅) or on airline busesIf anything is left on an aircraft, in an airline lounge or on an airline bus, please contact your airline. However, for Arik Air, Blue One, British Airways, SAS, Swissair, Tap Air Portugal and Virgin Atlantic Airways, please contact lost property above.56. What are the opening hours for the lost property office?From __________________________________every day.57. What is the telephone number of the lost property office for calling from outside the UK?______________________.58. Where can you find the lost property office near Terminal 3?By the Heathrow Express ___________________.59. How can you get to the lost property office near Terminal 3?By following the signs for “Lost Property” in ____________________.60. Whom should you contact if you left something on an airline bus?Your ______________.Part IV Translation -- English into Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part, numbered 61 through 65, is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices ofsuggested translation. You should choose the best translation and mark thecorresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, writeyour translation in the corresponding space on the Translation/ Composition Sheet. 61. A careers adviser provides information, advice and guidance to help people make realisticchoices about their education, training and work.A.职业顾问向人们提供信息和咨询，并给予指导，帮助人们规划他们的教育培训和职业。
2013年12月英语六级第三套答案
2013年12月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）参考答案作文范文：How to Live a Meaningful Life?Among all the highlighted topics, one is "how to live a meaningful life" 1. As for this topic, everyone's opinion varies. As the saying goes, "The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it." I cannot agree with it more.If one spends all his life pursuing benefits for himself, he will surely feel fruitless and meaningless when he gets old. From Nelson Mandela's life, we can get that he never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. 2. His life has been an inspiration in South Africa and throughout the world. In a life that symbolizes the triumph of human spirit, Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. His life, though limited, definitely lasts longer. That's a life worth living.Therefore, if there is a way to make my life more meaningful, I believe it should be to find something I'm interested in and also is helpful to others or the whole society. Only in this way can I throughout my life.听力：1-25 DCBCD ABABD ACBCA BCCDA DACDB26. addition27. recognize28. challenges29. identify30. secret31. specific32. giving instructions33. shed light on34. acquisition35. caught up with阅读：36-45 NJOLB HKFIC46-55 ONHOA JGBEL56-65 CCBDA BCADD翻译：The world-famous Silk Road is a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road extends more than 6000 kilometers and gets its name from ancient China's silk trade. The trade on the Silk Road has played an important role in the development of the civilizations of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that The Four Great Inventions of ancient China, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing, had been introduced to other parts of the world. Similarly, China's silk, tea and porcelain had also beenspread all over the world through it. The exchange of material culture is bilateral. Europe, in return, had exported various commodities and plants through the Silk Road, which met the needs of Chinese market.听力原文Part II Listening Comprehension[说明：本套试题的听力部分由2006年l2月真题听力优化而来，其他试题均为多题多卷母题。
2013年12月英语三级真题解析
• 第61题 容易在A、B两个选项中选错，需要明确provide后 面的信息包括三个单词information、advice和guidance。介 词about后面的信息同样包括三个单词 education, training and work。 • 第62题 容易在C、D两个选项中选错，需要明确target market的意思是目标市场，potential customers的意思是潜 在客户。 • 第63题 需明确right candidate的意思是合格后备人才。 • 第64题 容易在A、B两个选项中选错，需要明确overseeing the marketing and sales campaigns表示伴随状态。 • 第65题 比较容易。第一句需要把时间状语now提到句首翻 译，book their flight online翻译为在网上预订航班。第三句 中有个难点emptier and cheaper seats，需要翻译为座位较 空，价格较便宜。
第五篇 一段失物认领办公室的介绍，从短文中找到相应的 词汇或短语回答问题。 第56题 问失物认领办公室的工作时间，文章的正文的第二行。 第57题 文章的正文的第五行。它问在英国以外所拨打的失物 认领办公室的电话，定位词是outside the UK。 第58题的答案在文章的正文的第十行，定位词是Heathrow Express和near Terminal 3。 第59题 文章的正文的第十一行，定位词是signs for “Lost Property” in。 第60题 倒数第三行。
• 会话测试 • 第一段会话主要考察男士的职业和女士对男士工 作的看法，听力稿中明确说明了男士的职业是 sports writer，而女士也明确表明自己对该工作的 态度What an exciting job. I wish I could be a sports writer too。 • 第二段会话是面试英语，问到男士在之前的工作 年限有多少年、为什么申请这份新工作以及该男 生可以得到最终结果的时间。 听力稿中明确说明 男士之前工作的年限是five years，此项工作吸引 他的原因是job position和attractive salary，最终男 士可以得到结果的时间是within two weeks。
2013年12月英语六级真题第三套及答案
三Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it." You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. A) Dr. Smith's waiting room isn't tidy.B) Dr. Smith enjoys reading magazines.C) Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her.D) Dr. Smith may not be a good choice.2. A) The man will rent the apartment when it is available.B) The man made a bargain with the landlady over the rent.C) The man insists on having a look at the apartment first.D) The man is not fully satisfied with the apartment.3. A) Packing up to go abroad.B) Brushing up on her English.C) Drawing up a plan for her English course.D) Applying for a visa to the United States.4. A) He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.B) He doesn't think high blood pressure is a problem for him.C) He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.D) He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.5. A) To investigate the causes of AIDS.B) To raise money for AIDS patients.C) To rally support for AIDS victims in Africa.D) To draw attention to the spread of AIDS in Asia.6. A) It has a very long history.B) It is a private institution.C) It was founded by Thomas Jefferson.D) It stresses the comprehensive study of nature.7. A) They can't fit into the machine.B) They have not been delivered yet.C) They were sent to the wrong address.D) They were found to be of the wrong type.8. A) The food served in the cafeteria usually lacks variety.B) The cafeteria sometimes provides rare food for the students.C) The students find the service in the cafeteria satisfactory.D) The cafeteria tries hard to cater to the students' needs. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) He picked up some apples in his yard.B) He cut some branches off the apple tree.C) He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence.D) He cleaned up all the garbage in the woman's yard.10. A) Trim the apple trees in her yard.B) Pick up the apples that fell in her yard.C) Take the garbage to the curb for her.D) Remove the branches from her yard.11. A) File a lawsuit against the man.B) Ask the man for compensation.C) Have the man's apple tree cut down.D) Throw garbage into the man's yard.12. A) He was ready to make a concession.B) He was not prepared to go to court.C) He was not intimidated.D) He was a bit concerned.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Bad weather.B) Human error.C) Breakdown of the enginesD) Failure of the communications system.14. A) Two thousand feet.B) Twelve thousand feet.C) Twenty thousand feet.D) Twenty-two thousand feet.15. A) Accurate communication is of utmost importance.B) Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.C) Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.D) Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) His father caught a serious disease.B) His mother passed away.C) His mother left him to marry a rich businessman.D) His father took to drinking.17. A) He disliked being disciplined.B) He was expelled by the university.C) He couldn't pay his gambling debts.D) He enjoyed working for a magazine.18. A) His poems are heavily influenced by French writers.B) His stories are mainly set in the State of Virginia.C) His work is difficult to read.D) His language is not refined.19. A) He grieved to death over the loss of his wife.B) He committed suicide for unknown reasons.C) He was shot dead at the age of 40.D) He died of heavy drinking.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) Women.B) Prisoners.C) Manual workers.D) School age children.21. A) He taught his students how to pronounce the letters first.B) He matched the letters with the sounds familiar to the learners.C) He showed the learners how to combine the letters into simple words.D) He divided the letters into groups according to the way they are written.22. A) It can help people to become literate within a short time.B) It was originally designed for teaching the English language.C) It enables the learners to master a language within three months.D) It is effective in teaching any alphabetical language to Brazilians.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) The crop's blooming period is delayed.B) The roots of crops are cut off.C) The topsoil is seriously damaged.D) The growth of weeds is accelerated.24. A) It's a new way of applying chemical fertilizer.B) It's an improved method of harvesting crops.C) It's a creative technique for saving labor.D) It's a farming process limiting the use of ploughs.25. A) In areas with few weeds and unwanted plants.B) In areas with a severe shortage of water.C) In areas lacking in chemical fertilizer.D) In areas dependent on imported food.Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago. researchers learned that 4-day-old could understand (26)______ and subtraction. Now. British research psychologist Graham Schafer has discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He found that 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to (27)______ the names of objects that were foreign to them, a result that (28)______ in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learning to (29)______ things common to their daily lives, children don't begin to build vocabulary until well into their second year. "It's no (30)______ that children learn words, but the words they tend to know arc words linked to (31)______ situations in the home." explains Schafer. "This is the first demonstration that we can choose what words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice (32)______ in an unfamiliar setting."Figuring out how humans acquire language may (33)______ why some children learn to read and write later than others. Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. What's more, the study of language (34)______ offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test case for human cognitive development." says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should take note: even without being taught new words, a control group (35)______ the other infants within a few months. "This is not about advancing development." he says. "It's just about what children can do at an earlier age than what educators have often thought."Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major (36)______ in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent US survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone had (37)______ their communication with friends. Almost all said thattheir cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need- and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, (38)______, said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an (39)______ part of their lives; some were so (40)______ to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.Cell phones (41)______ social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more (42)______ sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can (43)______ social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that-in that (44)______ environment, mobile phones were regarded as "security objects" in parent-teen relationships-important because they provided the possibility of (45)______ and communication at all times.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第三套)
2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A）The man failed to keep his promise.B）The woman has a poor memory.C）The man borrowed the book from the library.D）The woman does not need the book any more.2. A）The woman is making too big a fuss about her condition.B）Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.C）The woman should spend more time outdoors.D）People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.3. A）The printing on her T-shirt has faded.B）It is not in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.C）She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.D）It is not a good idea to buy the T-shirt.4. A）He regrets having published the article.B）Most readers do not share his viewpoints.C）Not many people have read his article.D）The woman is only trying to console him.5. A）Leave Daisy alone for the time being. C）Apologize to Daisy again by phone.B）Go see Daisy immediately. D）Buy Daisy a new notebook.6. A）Batteries. C）Cameras.B）Garden tools. D）Light bulbs.7. A）The speakers will watch the game together.B）The woman feels lucky to have got a ticket.C）The man plays center on the basketball team.D）The man can get the ticket at its original price.8. A）The speakers will dress formally for the concert.B）The man will return home before going to the concert.C）It is the first time the speakers are attending a concert.D）The woman is going to buy a new dress for the concert.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A）He wants to sign a long-term contract.B）He is good at both language and literature.C）He prefers teaching to administrative work.D）He is undecided as to which job to go for.10. A）They hate exams. C）They are all adults.B）They all plan to study in Cambridge. D）They are going to work in companies. 11. A）Difficult but rewarding. C）Time-consuming and tiring.B）Varied and interesting. D）Demanding and frustrating.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Interviewing a movie star. C）Hosting a television show.B）Discussing teenage role models. D）Reviewing a new biography.13. A）He lost his mother. C）He missed his aunt.B）He was unhappy in California. D）He had to attend school there.14. A）He delivered public speeches. C）He hosted talk shows on TV.B）He got seriously into acting. D）He played a role in East of Eden.15. A）He made numerous popular movies.B）He has long been a legendary figure.C）He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.D）He was the most successful actor of his time.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）It carried passengers leaving an island. C）It crashed when it was circling to land.B）A terrorist forced it to land on Tenerife. D）18 of its passengers survived the crash.17. A）He was kidnapped eight months ago.B）He failed in his negotiations with the Africans.C）He was assassinated in Central Africa.D）He lost lots of money in his African business.18. A）The management and union representatives reached an agreement.B）The workers’ pay was raised and their working hours were shortened.C）The trade union gave up its demand.D）The workers on strike were all fired.19. A）Sunny. C）Windy.B）Rainy. D）Cloudy.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A）Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.B）Most of them lacked interest in the subject.C）Very few of them knew much about geology.D）A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.21. A）By reflecting on Americans’ previous failures in predicting earthquakes.B）By noting where the most severe earthquake in U.S. history occurred.C）By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.D）By explaining some essential geological principles.22. A）Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.B）Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.C）Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.D）Write down any points where he could improve.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A）It was invented by a group of language experts in the year of 1887.B）It is a language that has its origin in ancient Polish.C）It was created to promote economic globalization.D）It is a tool of communication among speakers of different languages.24. A）It aims to make Esperanto a working language in the U.N.B）It has increased its popularity with the help of the media.C）It has encountered increasingly tougher challenges.D）It has supporters from many countries in the world.25. A）It is used by a number of influential science journals.B）It is widely taught at schools and in universities.C）It has aroused the interest of many young learners.D）It has had a greater impact than in any other country.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.George Herbert Mead said that humans are talked into humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are. “You’re （26）__________.”“You’re so strong.”We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important （27）__________ of our self-concepts. Later we interact with teachers, friends, （28）__________ partners, and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate.The （29）__________ connection between identity and communication is （30）__________ evident in children who （31）__________ human contact. Case studies of children who wereisolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity but also directly influences our physical and emotional （32）__________. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation （33）__________ stress, disease, and early death. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal （34）__________ studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others.The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more （35）__________ to a range of miner and major illnesses.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major ___36___ in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent U.S. survey, about half the teens polled said that their cell phone had ___37___ their communication with friends. Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, ___38___, said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an ___39___ part of their lives; some were so ___40___ to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than 10 times a day.Cell phones ___41___ social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more ___42___ sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can ___43___ social tolerance because they reduce children’s interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that ___44___ environment, mobile phones were regarded as “security objects”in parent-teen relationships—important because they provided the possibility of ___45___ and communication at all times.A）affiliated I）hazardousB）attached J）improvedC）contact K）instantaneousD）contend L）intrinsicE）continuous M）relativelyF）diminish N）shiftG）endurance O）similarlyH）fosterSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Waste Not, Want NotFeeding the 9 Billion: The Tragedy of WasteA） By 2075, the United Nations’ mid-range projection for global population is about 9.5 billion. This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feed by the end of the century, a period in which substantial changes are anticipated in the wealth, calorie intake and dietary preferences of people in developing countries across the world. Such a projection presents mankind with wide-ranging social, economic, environmental and political issues that need to be addressed today to ensure a sustainable future for all. One key issue is how to produce more food in a world of finite resources.B） Today, we produce about four billion metric tonnes of food per year. Yet due to poor practices in harvesting, storage and transportation, as well as market and consumer wastage, it is estimated that 30-50% of all food produced never reaches a human stomach. Furthermore, this figure does not reflect the fact that large amounts of land, energy, fertilisers and water have also been lost in the production of foodstuffs which simply end up as waste. This level of wastage is a tragedy that cannot continue if we are to succeed in the challenge of sustainably meeting our future food demands.Where Food Waste HappensC） In 2010, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers identified three principal emerging population groups across the world, based on characteristics associated with their current and projected stage of economic development.·Fully developed, mature, post-industrial societies, such as those in Europe, characterised by stable or declining populations which are increasing in age.·Late-stage developing nations that are currently industrialising rapidly, for example China, which will experience declining rates of population growth, coupled withincreasing affluence （富裕）and age profile.·Newly developing countries that are beginning to industrialise, primarily in Africa, with high to very high population growth rates, and characterised by a predominantly youngage profile.D） Each group over the coming decades will need to address different issues surrounding food production, storage and transportation, as well as consumer expectations, if we are to continue to feed all our people.E）In less-developed countries, such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia, wastage tends to occur primarily at the farmer-producer end of the supply chain. Inefficientharvesting, inadequate local transportation and poor infrastructure （基础设施）mean that produce is frequently handled inappropriately and stored under unsuitable farm site conditions. F）In mature, fully developed countries such as the UK, more-efficient farming practices and better transport, storage and processing facilities ensure that a larger proportion of the food produced reaches markets and consumers. However, characteristics associated with modern consumer culture mean produce is often wasted through retail and customer behaviour.G） Major supermarkets, in meeting consumer expectations, will often reject entire crops of perfectly edible fruit and vegetables at the farm because they do not meet exacting marketing standards for their physical characteristics, such as size and appearance.H） Of the produce that does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales promotions frequently encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities which, in the case of perishable foodstuffs, inevitably generate wastage in the home. Overall between 30% and 50% of what has been bought in developed countries is thrown away by the purchaser.Better Use of Our Finite ResourcesI）Wasting food means losing not only life-supporting nutrition but also precious resources, including land, water and energy. As a global society, therefore, tackling food waste will help contribute towards addressing a number of key resource issues.J）Land Usage: Over the last five decades, improved farming techniques and technologies have helped to significantly increase crop yields along with a 12% expansion of farmed land use. However, a further increase in farming area without impacting unfavourably on what remains of the world’s natural ecosystems appears unlikely. The challenge is that an increase in animal-based production will require more land and resources, as livestock （牲畜）farming demands extensive land use.K） Water Usage: Over the past century, human use of fresh water has increased at more than double the rate of population growth. Currently about 3.8 trillion m3 of water is used by humans per year. About 70% of this is consumed by the global agriculture sector, and the level of use will continue to rise over the coming decades.L）Better irrigation can dramatically improve crop yield and about 40% of the world’s food supply is currently derived from irrigated land. However, water used in irrigation is often sourced unsustainably. In processing foods after the agricultural stage, there are large additional uses of water that need to be tackled in a world of growing demand. This is particularly crucial in the case of meat production, where beef uses about 50 times more water than vegetables. In the future, more effective washing techniques, management procedures, and recycling and purification of water will be needed to reduce wastage.M）Energy Usage: Energy is an essential resource across the entire food production cycle, with estimates showing an average of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food. This varies dramatically depending on crop, from three calories for plant crops to 35 calories in the production of beef. Since much of this energy comes from the utilisation of fossil fuels, wastage of food potentially contributes to unnecessary global warming as well as inefficient resource utilisation.N） In the modern industrialised agricultural process—which developing nations are moving towards in order to increase future yields—energy usage in the making and application of fertilizers and pesticides represents the single biggest component. Wheat production takes 50% of its energy input for these two items alone. Indeed, on a global scale, fertiliser manufacturingconsumes about 3-5% of the world’s annual natural gas supply. With production anticipated to increase by 25% between now and 2030, sustainable energy sourcing will become an increasingly major issue. Energy to power machinery, both on the farm and in the storage and processing facilities, adds to the energy total, which currently represents about 3.1% of annual global energy consumption.RecommendationsO） Rising population combined with improved nutrition standards and shifting dietary preferences will exert pressure for increases in global food supply. Engineers, scientists and agriculturalists have the knowledge, tools and systems that will assist in achieving productivity increases. However, pressure will grow on finite resources of land, energy and water. The potential to provide 60-100% more food by simply eliminating losses, while simultaneously freeing up land, energy and water resources for other uses, is an opportunity that should not be ignored. In order to begin tackling the challenge, the Institution recommends that:·The UN Food and Agriculture Organization work with the international engineering community to ensure the governments of developed nations put in place programmesthat transfer engineering knowledge, design know-how, and suitable technology tonewly developing countries. This will help improve produce handling in the harvest, andimmediate post-harvest stages of food production.·Governments of rapidly developing countries incorporate waste minimisation thinking into the transport infrastructure and storage facilities currently being planned,engineered and built.·Governments in developed nations devise and implement policy that changes consumer expectations. These should discourage retailers from wasteful practices that lead to therejection of food on the basis of cosmetic characteristics, and losses in the home due toexcessive purchasing by consumers.46. Elimination of waste alone can potentially provide over sixty percent more food for the growing world population.47. The production and application of fertilisers and pesticides account for the largest part of energy use in the modern industrialised agricultural process.48. Consumers in developed countries throw away nearly half of their food purchases because they tend to buy in excessive quantities.49. It is recommended that engineering knowledge and suitable technology in developed countries be introduced to developing countries to improve produce handling in the harvest.50. The predicted global population growth means that ways have to be found to produce more food with finite resources.51. A further expansion of farming area will adversely impact on the world’s natural ecosystems.52. Perfectly eatable fruit and vegetable crops often fail to reach supermarkets due to their size or physical appearance.53. Poor practices in harvesting, storage and transportation have resulted in a waste of much of the food we produce and thus a waste of land and resources.54. Food waste in less-developed countries happens mainly at the producers’ end.55. Beef consumes far more water to produce than vegetables.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Call it the “learning paradox”: the more you struggle and even fail while you’re trying to learn new information, the better you’re likely to recall and apply that information later.The learning paradox is at the heart of “productive failure,” a phenomenon identified by researcher Manu Kapur. Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers when introducing students to new knowledge—providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students show that they can do it on their own—makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it’s better to let the learners wrestle （较劲）with the material on their own for a while, refraining from giving them any assistance at the start. In a paper published recently, Kapur applied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools.With one group of students, the teacher provided strong “scaffolding”—instructional support —and feedback. With the teacher’s help, these pupils were able to find the answers to their set of problems. Meanwhile, a second group was directed to solve the same problems by collaborating with one another, without any prompts from their instructor. These students weren’t able to complete the problems correctly. But in the course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about what potential solutions would look like. And when the two groups were tested on what they’d learned, the second group “significantly outperformed”the first.The apparent struggles of the floundering （挣扎的）group have what Kapur calls a “hidden efficacy”: they lead people to understand the deep structure of problems, not simply their correct solutions. When these students encounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they’re able to transfer the knowledge they’ve gathered more effectively than those who were the passive recipients of someone else’s expertise.In the real world, problems rarely come neatly packaged, so being able to discern their deep structure is key. But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter how often Silicon Valley entrepreneurs praise the beneficial effects of an idea that fails or a start-up company that crashes and burns. So we need to “design for productive failure”by building it into the learning process. Kapur has identified three conditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle. First, choose problems to work on that “challenge but do not frustrate.”Second, provide learners with opportunities to explain and elaborate on what they’re doing. Third, give learners the chance to compare and contrast good and bad solutions to the problems. And to those students who protest this tough-love teaching style: you’ll thank me later.56. Why does the author call the learning process a paradox?A）Pains do not necessarily lead to gains.B）What is learned is rarely applicable in life.C）Failure more often than not breeds success.D）The more is taught, the less is learnt.57. What does Kapur disapprove of in teaching?A）Asking students to find and solve problems on their own.B）Developing students’ ability to apply what they learn.C）Giving students detailed guidance and instruction.D）Allowing students a free hand in problem solving.58. What do people tend to think of providing strong “scaffolding” in teaching?A）It will make teaching easier.B）It is a sensible way of teaching.C）It can motivate average students.D）It will enhance students’ confidence.59. What kind of problem should be given to students to solve according to Kapur?A）It should be able to encourage collaborative learning.B）It should be easy enough so as not to frustrate students.C）It should be solvable by average students with ease.D）It should be difficult enough but still within their reach.60. What can be expected of “this tough-love teaching style”（Lines 7-8, Para. 5）?A）Students will be grateful in the long run.B）Teachers will meet with a lot of resistance.C）Parents will think it too harsh on their kids.D）It may not be able to yield the desired results.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Vernon Bowman, a 75-year-old farmer from rural Indiana, did something that got him sued. He planted soybeans （大豆）sold as cattle feed. But Monsanto, the agricultural giant, insists it has a patent on the kind of genetically modified seeds Bowman used—and that the patent continues to all of the progeny （后代）of those seeds.Have we really gotten to the point that planting a seed can lead to a high-stakes Supreme Court patent lawsuit? We have, and that case is Bowman vs. Monsanto, which is being argued on Tuesday. Monsanto’s critics have attacked the company for its “merciless legal battles against small farmers,”and they are hoping this will be the case that puts it in its place. They are also hoping the court’s ruling will rein in patent law, which is increasingly being used to claim new life forms as private property.Monsanto and its supporters, not surprisingly, see the case very differently. They argue that when a company like Monsanto goes to great expense to create a valuable new genetically modified seed, it must be able to protect its property interests. If farmers like Bowman are able to use these seeds without paying the designated fee, it will remove the incentives for companies like Monsanto to innovate.Monsanto accused Bowman of patent infringement and won an $84,456 damage award. Rather than pay up or work out a settlement, Bowman decided to appeal—all the way to the Supreme Court. He said “Monsanto should not be able, just because they’ve got billions of dollars to spend on legal fees, to try to terrify farmers into obeying their agreements by massiveforce a nd threats.”The central issue in the case is whether patent rights to living things extend to the progeny of those things. Monsanto argues that its patents extend to later generations. But Bowman’s supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers. They say that if Monsanto wins, the impact will extend far beyond agriculture—locking up property rights in an array of important areas. Knowledge Ecology International contends that the Supreme Court’s ruling could have “profound effects”on other biotech industries.If this were a Hollywood movie, the courageous old Indiana farmer would beat the profit-minded corporation before the credits rolled. But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earned reputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations．This case gives the court an opportunity to rein in the growing use of patents to protect genetically engineered crops and other life forms—but the court may well use it to give this trend a powerful new endorsement.61. Why did Vernon Bowman get sued?A）He used genetically modified seeds to feed his cattle.B）He planted soybeans without paying for the patent.C）He made a profit out of Monsanto’s commercial secrets.D）He obtained Monsanto’s patented seeds by illegal means.62. What are Monsanto’s critics hoping the Supreme Court will do?A）Allow small farmers to grow genetically modified soybeans.B）Punish Monsanto for infringing on small farmers’ interests.C）Rule against Monsanto’s excessive extension of its patent rights.D）Abolish the patent law concerning genetically engineered seeds.63. What is the argument of Monsanto and its supporters?A）Patent rights should be protected to encourage innovation.B）Bowman cannot plant the seeds without Monsanto’s consent.C）Monsanto has the right to recover the costs of its patented seeds.D）Patent law on genetically modified seeds should not be challenged.64. What is the key issue in the Bowman vs. Monsanto case?A）Whether patent for seeds is harmful to agricultural production.B）Whether the biotech industry should take priority over agriculture.C）Whether measures should be introduced to protect small farmers.D）Whether patent for living things applies to their later generations.65. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A）Hollywood movies usually have an unexpected, dramatic impact on real-life arguments.B）The Supreme Court will try to change its reputation for supporting large corporations.C）The Supreme Court is likely to persuade the parties concerned to work out a settlement.D）The ruling would be in Bowman’s favor if the case were argued in a Hollywood movie.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.。
201312-3cet4听力真题+答案
Part Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversation. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer SHeet I with a single, line through the. centre.1. A) Plan his budget carefully.B) Give her more information.C) Ask someone else for advice.D) Buy a gift for his girlfriend.2. A) She'll have some chocolate cake.B) She'll take a look at the menu.C ) She'll go without dessert.D ) She'll prepare the dinner.3. A) The man can speak a foreign language.B) The woman hopes to improve her English.C) The woman knows many different languages.D) The man wishes to visit many more countries.4. A) Go to the library.B) Meet the woman.C) See Prof. Smith.D) Have a drink in the bar.5. A) She isn't sure. when Prof. Bloom will be back.B) The man shouldn't be late for his class.C) The man can come back sometime later.D) She can pass on the message for the man.6. A) He has a strange personality.B) He's got emotional problems.C ) His illness is beyond cure.D ) His behavior is hard to explain.7. A) The tickets are more expensive than expected.B) The tickets are sold in advance at half price.C) It's difficult to buy the tickets on the spot.D) It's better to buy the tickets beforehand.8. A) He turned suddenly and ran into a tree.B)He was hit by a fallen box from a track.C) He drove too fast and crashed into a truck.D) He was trying to overtake the truck ahead of him.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.B) To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.C) To call on a friend in Quebec City.D) To attend a wedding in Montreal.10. A) Study the map of Quebec Province.B) Find more about Quebec City.C) Brash up on her French.D) Learn more about the local customs.11. A) It's most beautiful in summer.B) It has many historical buildings.C) It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.D) It's the only French-speaking city in Canada. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) It was about a little animal,B) It took her six years to write.C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.D) It was about a little girl and her pet.13. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.14. A) The characters.B) The readers.C) Her ideas.D) Her life experiences.15. A) She doesn't really know where they originated.B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints,C) They popped out,of her childhood dreams.D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear same questions, Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Monitor students' sleep patterns.B) Help students concentrate in class.C) Record students' weekly, performance.D) Ask students to complete a sleep report.17. A) Declining health.B) Lack of attention.C) Loss of motivation.D) Improper behavior.18. A) They should make sure their children are always punctual for school.B) They should ensure their children grow up in a healthy environment.C) They should help their children accomplish high-quality work.D) They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep. Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She stopped being a homemaker.B) She became a famous educator.C) She became a public figure.D) She quit driving altogether20. A) A motorist's speeding.B) Her running a stop sign.C) Her lack of driving experience.D) A motorist's failure to concentrate.21. A) Nervous and unsure of hemelf.B) Calm and confident of herself.C) Courageous and forceful.D) Distracted and reluctant.22. A) More strict training of women drivers.B) Restrictions on cell phone use while driving.C) Improved traffic conditions m cities.D) New regulations to ensure children's safety.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) They haven't devoted as much energy to medicine as to space travel.B) There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C) It is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D) They believe people can recover without treatment.24. A) They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B) They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C) They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D) They show our body is fighting the virus.25. A) It actually does more harm than good.B) It causes damage to some organs of our body.C) It works better when combined with other remedies.D) It helps us to recover much sooner.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very 26 All languages have two general levels of usage : a formal level and an informal level. English is no 27 . The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a 28 level. Formal language is the ldnd of language you find in textbooks, 29 , and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and 30 that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write 31 notes or letters to close friends.Formal language is different from informal language 32 . First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member, "Close the door, please. " but to a 33 , I probably would say,"Would you mind closing the door?"Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the 34 There are bound to be some words and phrases that 35 formal language and others that are informal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I'm talking to my friend, I might say "I'm just crazy about soccer !" But if I were talldng to my boss, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer. "。
日语能力考（2013年12月N1真题阅读原文翻译）
日语能力考（2013年12月N1真题阅读原文翻译）仅供参考。
【问题7】以下是一本叫《人生相谈万事OK》的书里写的Q&A。
Q70 讨厌狗丈夫的老家（的人）很喜欢狗，（而且）是在家里放养的。
但是我非常讨厌狗。
以前母亲也对我说过“接近就会被咬”。
狗大概也知道（我不喜欢它）。
对着其他人都哼哼地撒娇，唯独对我拼命地叫。
我可能没有资格做这个家的一员。
虽然是被狗（嫌弃），我也感到很有压力。
A70 用狗粮饼干驯服巴普洛夫做过一个关于狗的有名的实验。
摇铃后给狗喂食、摇铃后给狗喂食、这样重复很多次后，不喂食，仅仅是摇铃狗也会分泌口水。
请利用那个发现。
去宠物店买点美味的狗粮饼干回来。
每次去夫家一定带着放在口袋里。
在此基础上，你应该采取这样的态度。
不论它怎么吠你，都不要慌张。
绝不能缩手，大喊，逃跑。
不能让狗看到脚步。
但是，不可以直视狗的眼睛。
因为狗会认为自己受到了威胁。
在这方面，人的常识是行不通的。
不直视对方是狗之间的礼仪。
然后被吠了也不能慌张，把视线移开，然后把狗粮饼干放在手心伸出。
狗的牙齿不会碰到手，还没有把饼干拿在手里喂恐怖。
你以后只要碰到它了，一定要给它喂食。
在这样做的过程中，狗就会把你等同于食物记在脑子里。
最终就会流着口水迎接你的到来了。
上面的方法，我一个讨厌狗的朋友对我家一直吠他的狗用过。
现在我家的狗看到朋友也会叫，但是是想要饼干的央求声，得到饼干后就会立马变得温顺。
我朋友也知道狗叫是在向他要饼干，也不再怕了。
给了饼干后就不要再理它了，不要勉强自己（去亲近它）。
就像已经有些喜欢狗的人在了，有一些不喜欢狗的人在也挺好。
【问题8】（1）学东西当然包括学习答题的知识和技巧，但是那其实不是学习的真正目的。
我们通过书本和学校学习了各种各样前人总结的规律、道理。
但是通过学习各种各样的“经验”我们会碰到至今未曾见到的、或是隐约见过的与“经验”相悖的东西。
也就是说，学的越多，遇到的问题就越多。
（2）下面是写给某家旅馆的邮件。
研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解
2013年12月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案详解A卷Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1. A The man shouldn’t care what Sandra said.B The man shouldn’t listen to Sandra.C The man should talk openly with Sandra.D The man should get back home early.2. A A boss a nd an employee.B A lawyer and a client.C A shop assistant and a customerD A bus driver and a passenger.3. A The woman helped to do part of the experiment.B The woman proposed some good ideas in the experiment.C The woman was grateful for the success of the experiment.D The woman recommended some useful books for the experiment.3. A It is very neat. B It is a messC It is very pleasant.D It is a hell.4. A He got the camera at a very low price.B The camera is very expensive.C The camera i s worth nothing.D He does not like the camera.5. A Because it provides free service.B Because it is the best store of its kind.C Because it has great variety of goods.D Because it has high quality goods there.6. A Because he is going to find a new job.B Because he has to work over time in the office.C Because he is going to move to a new town.D Because his job is too demanding for him.7. A Because he is very inspiring.B Because he is very brave.C Because he made some great achievements.D Because he is a successful ruler.8. A He is very stern with his employees.B He works very hard himself.C He is very satisfied with his employees.D He makes excessive demands on his employees.Section B (1 point each)9. A Because his mother wanted him to learn.B Because he preferred the violin to the piano.C Because he heard a friend of his play it.D Because he thought the violin was for classical music.10.A He joined the Army Orchestra.B He stopped playing the violin.C He played more than 100 concerts a year.D He played classical music for American soldiers.12. A Everyone needs music. B People a re born musical.C Children love music more than adults.D Music is the product of human civilization.13. A In developed countries. B In developing countriesC In European countriesD In Asian countries.14. A They teach and convey cultural values in schools.B They work as volunteers in developing countries.C They help take care of the AIDS patients.D They take care of their own grandchildren at home.15. A They can no longer perform their jobs well.B They don’t want to work any longer.C They have t o give up their jobs to youngsters.D No boss would like to hire older employees.Section C (1 point each)16. Sam Maloof is the best-known ________of hand-made furniture.17. According to Sam Maloof, a successful chair or table contains something of _____________________18. Where are the 65 pieces of Mr. Maloof’s furniture shown?19. What did People Magazine call Sam Maloof in 1968?20. How much does a piece of Maloof’s furniture cost today?Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeD confident.29. This training course is intended to improve the competence of English of the staff.A proficiencyB graspC efficiencyD competition30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thought about now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ that schoolsshould continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one with theInternet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibitedas to play them many hours________, if possible.38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video gamesA on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s step-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.A ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to change its chemical 43 . But, the way(tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44 color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typicallyhas a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black andgreen teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from48the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green te amount of caffeine. But even black tea contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely 50 their health effects.41. A advantages B benefits C merits D profits42. A where it B that C which D when it43. A elements B ingredients C fragment D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands i n C results in D gives in47. A composes o f B makes o ut C makes u p D consists o f48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends and family andtold that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not.But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living alone is puttingan unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families----the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources,and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resourceson our over-populated planet. “The efficiency of resource consumption” is a lot higher in hous people or more, simply because they share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought livingalone was OK, you would find that all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put thekettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your motherwho is a bit worried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panic and hitout when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “standard”coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into alarger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having aFriends.time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks like an episode of the TV seriesAnd the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’s life-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned inthe passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longer than before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________life. B destructive to our ecosystem.A harmful to people’sC dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV series Friends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue;Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had become blind from condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed frommothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of having the condition. A girl wouldbe unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, U.S., where a ne sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnantshe gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 in Californiamarked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the company’s clinical direIt also brings a host of ethical andThis is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender.practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked geneticdisease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because they might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared s uccessful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted i n the medical world.59. Which of the following is the author’s primary concern regarding the application of the new techA The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnant with boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who want to have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babiessex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical r easons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock each season. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value.A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sell the lot off cheaply to shops;or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he maybe prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy during slack period. Heis likely to have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particu good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the “second” should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually indicates a more serious defect than “seconds.”of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of thisand all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and thelike. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left” when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may sayat half-price” when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warningbeware” were necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods i n stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees s ell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.A are of better quality than “substandard goods” C are defective but marked as p erfect.D are goods with serious d efects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last paragraph) probably means ____A dressing a gainB change o f addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price.Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional problems ofold people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressants but he would not remove the rootcause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, often unwanted and handicappedby failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merely tha have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in the case of anti-sicknesspills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness of doctor who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue thatin many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossible to get at the root of the illness while thepatient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel notonly that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc.physical cause and as aare due to “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to somematter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself.It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is serious indeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some c ases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious d iseaseB some e motional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Their pledgewould be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t app Charles Morris may not have intended his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dim light onthe regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morris seems to favor, despite thestupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressionaleconomic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morris drawssome pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crises is that the regulatory responses come only a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to bring honest accountinin real estate and foreign loans that regulatorsand it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge lossesbegan to enforce strict capital standards.” So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone bad,asserts that regulation is absolutely necessary, that it is the essential plumbing in our economic house. Nevertheless, Mr. Morris should have noticed that plumbing requires plumbers, and while a good one cankeep a house functional, a rotten plumber can turn a minor drip into a ruinous flood.75. The passage is primarily concerned with ___A recommending Morris’s new book.B criticizing Morris’ attitude to regulations.C describing current economic situations.D commenting on financial regulators.76. Which of the following is true of Money, Greed and Risk?A It discusses the importance of plumbing in keeping a house functional.B It describes a great number of financial disasters in detail .C It analyses the reasons for regulating the banking industry.D It emphasizes the flaws in the financial system of the 1930s.77. Regulation Q is quoted in the passage mainly to ____A demonstrate what kind of examples Morris has cited in his book.B illustrate that misguided policies can be very harmful to economy.C support Morris’s statement about the incompetence of Congressmen and bankers.D refute Morris’s conclusion about the foolishness of the government regulations.78. The government regulations often fail to bring the desired result partly because ____A the regulators do not understand economy well.B the regulations are enforced before a crisis hits its peak.C banking executives do not believe in the current regulatory structure.D the standards for financial institutions are not consistent.79. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Morris?A He needn’t have recounted so many financial disasters.B He has little faith in the present-day regulatory system.C He has failed to point out that regulators are more to blame than unwise regulations.D His book will undermine the readers’ faith in the current regulatory structure.80. The author’s attitude towards Morris’s new book can best be described as ____A scornfulB appreciativeC satiricalD criticalPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)What’s strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes by some means other than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the reluctance to eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will not necessarily end up with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of the survival of the fittest still applies to themany years it will take for the world to eliminate international community. We can’t help wondering howwar once for all.运用世界领先的技术将使中国有可能摆脱贫穷。
2013年12月第3套真题 深度解析
2013年12月四级真题第三套深度解析Part III阅读理解Section A15选10完形填空试题分析：词汇难度不如新视野教材课后的15选10，但是文章的难度远大于后者。
做题的关键点：第一词汇。
单词备好是前提。
第二，运用语法和词性搭配来缩小筛选的范围，有时候在不能完全看懂句子的情况下仍然可以把词正确的填上。
词汇：1device设备，器具，装置devise v.发明，设计2launch v.发射，发起，发动，（使轮船）下水，（使飞机）起飞3figure out算出，解决4advertiser广告商，advertisement广告，advertise v.做广告5fraction分数，小部分6consumer消费者，consume v消费time-consuming耗时的，energy-consuming 耗能的energy consumption能源消耗7be expected to do sth.预计...8option n.选择opt v.选择，optional可选的，选修的近义词：choice，alternative （二中选一，供替代的选择）9target audience目标观众，受众10 regional manager区域经理，大区经理11marketing营销，销售，行销12access通路，进入，使用权；进入，使用，读取13amount v.总计，合计，数量为n.数量，总额14ignore忽略，忽视15vital重要的≈crucial，decisive，significant，critical。
16.Violate v.违反，侵犯Section B阅读新题型快速阅读做题顺序：看一段，做一题。
具体来说，看完A段，然后去后面46-55搜索可能跟A段有关的选项。
然后看B段，去后面46-55找可能去B段有关的选项。
以此类推。
（因为46-55的选项的顺序是打乱的，并不符合阅读材料的行文顺序，所以适合很多阅读的“选项找关键词+原文定位+然后比对做题”的顺序根本不适应这道题，切记。