高考英语一轮复习语法专题非谓语动词新人教版

第八讲非谓语动词

非谓语动词考点透析

1.不定式、分词、动名词的否定式都是在其前面加 not/never。如：

(1) warned her daughter never to drive after drinking.

史密斯夫人提醒女儿不要酒后开车。

(2)Not knowing what to do，I went to the teacher for advice.

由于不知道该怎么办，我去问老师有何建议。

(3)I apologize to you for not telling you the truth immediately.

我没有立刻告诉你真相，向你道歉。

2．不定式的进行时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生。不定式、分词、动名词的完成式表示动作在谓语之前发生。如：

(1)When mother came into the room，Tom pretended to be working hard at his lessons.

妈妈走进房间时，汤姆装作正在认真做功课。

(2)Robert is said to have studied abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.

据说罗伯特到国外留过学，不过我不知道他在哪个国家学习过。

(3)Having finished all my homework，I went out to play football with Li Ming.

在完成所有的作业后，我和李明去踢足球了。

(4)The boy was severely punished by his father for having told lies.

这男孩因说谎受到他父亲严厉的惩罚。

3．不定式作定语时，如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的工具、地点，不定式后就应有必要的介词。如：

There are five pairs to choose from，but I'm at a loss which to buy.

有五对可供选择，可我不知道该买哪一对。

4．不定式主动表被动的几种情况：

在 There be结构中，作定语的不定式既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。如：

There is a lot of work to do/to be done.

有许多工作要做。

不定式作定语时，如果不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，但是又可在句子中找到另一个词作不定式的逻辑主语，不定式要用主动语态。如：

Would you please give the boy something to read

请给这男孩一些读物好吗

(something是 read的宾语，the boy是 read的逻辑主语，不定式用主动语态)

注意比较下列两个句子：

I have some letters to type.

我有一些信要打印。

(隐含意义：I'll type the letters myself.)

Do you have any letters to be typed，sir

先生，你有信件要我打印吗

(隐含意义：I'll type the letters for you.)

5．关于不定式的省略。

在连词than，as后，介词except，but，besides后，如果前有实义动词do的某种形式，动词不定式一般不带to，反之则带to。如：

(1)In that case，there is nothing you can do than wait.

既然如此，没有办法，你只能等了。

(2)He likes reading novels besides to play the piano.

除了弹钢琴，他还喜欢看小说。

使役动词make，let，have和感官动词see，watch，hear，observe后接不定式作宾补时要省略to，但在被动语态中，to不能省略。如：

(1)A computer does only what thinking people have it do.

电脑只能做有思维的人类要它做的事情。

(2)Paul doesn't have to be made to always works hard.

鲍尔不用被迫学习，他一向学习努力。

6．admit，advise，avoid，appreciate，can't help，consider，delay，deny，escape，enjoy，finish，feel like，fancy，imagine，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如：

(1)I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice island.

有时间与你在这个美丽的岛上放松一下，我真的非常感激。

(2)The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.

这孩子很幸运地逃过了处罚。

7．remember，forget，try，mean，regret，stop，go on后接不定式做宾语与接动名词作宾语，意义有很大区别，必须牢记。

regret doing 因做过某事而后悔，动作已发生

regret to do 因将做某事而遗憾，动作没发生

remember doing 记得做过某事，动作已发生

remember to do 记得去做某事，动作没发生

forget doing 忘记曾做过某事，动作已发生

forget to do 忘记做某事，动作没发生

mean doing 意味着

mean to do 打算做

stop doing 停止做

stop to do 停止做某事而做另一件事

try doing 尝试做

try to do 努力做

如：

(1)She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.

她扫视了一眼山顶，在路边的一块大岩石旁停下来休息。

(2)－You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

——你真勇敢，在会上提出了反对意见。

－Well，now I regret having done that.

——哎！我现在正后悔那样做！

(3)－I usually go there by train.

——我通常坐火车去那儿。

－Why not try going by boat for a change

——为什么不改变一下，试试坐船呢

(4)Mastering a foreign language doesn't mean learning it in class only.