过去式与过去分词分规则变化和不规则变化两种

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分规则变化和不规则变化两种。不规则变化需逐个记忆,规则变化遵循以下原则:

(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, shout / shouted等。

(2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study / studied, carry / carried等。

(4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且(中间只有一个元音字母)且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。

【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control / controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ed。

(2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked,不是picniced。

(3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是:在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d],在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id]。

参考资料:引用

过去式和过去分词构成法

1)英语中大部分动词都以加-ed词尾的办法构成过去式及过去分词:

现在时(动词原形)过去式过去分词

work worked worked

appear appeared appeared

talk talked talked

play played played

这类动词称为规则动词(Regular Verbs)。

2)在加-ed 词尾时要注意几个问题:

a.若末尾已有字母e,则只加-d:

live —— lived please —— pleased free —— freed b.若以“辅音(字母)+y”结尾,先变y为i再加-ed:

try —— tried study —— studied simplify —— simplified c.若是以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾,该音节又重读者,末尾字母要双写,然后再加-ed:

stop —— stopped fit —— fitted chat —— chatted d.其他的词都直接加-ed:

lack —— lacked open —— opened repeat —— repeated 3)另外,还有几点值得注意:

a.以“一个元音+l”结尾的词,英国人都把l双写,美国人都不双写:

travel —— travelled (英),traveled (美)

marvel —— marvelled (美),marveled (美)

b.l前若有两个元音,l一概不双写(英美都如此):

reveal —— revealled appeal —— appealed

c.有少数词,尽管末尾音节并不重读,末尾辅音字母在英国仍双写:

worship —— worshipped (英) ,worshiped (美)

kidnap —— kidnapped (英), kidnapped (美)

但progarm—— programmed(英,美),progarmed(美国人有时用这种拼法)。

d.以x结尾的词,x不双写:

mix —— mixed fix —— fixed

注:在加-ing 词尾时,4)中所列词的情况也一样。

不规则动词

1.原形同过去式和过去分词相同的不规则动词cost-cost-cost

cut-cut-cut

hit-hit-hit

hurt-hurt-hurt

let-let-let

put-put-put

read-read-read

2.原式同过去分词或过去式相同的不规则动词become-became-become

come-came-come

run-ran-run

beat-beat-beaten

3.过去分词同过去式相同的不规则动词

bring-brought-brought

buy-bought-bought

fight-fought-fought

think-thought-thought

catch-caught-caught

teach-taught-taught

build-built-built

lend-lent-lent

send-sent-sent

spend-spent-spent

lose-lost-lost

smell-smelt-smelt(smell-smelled-smelled)feel-felt-felt

keep-kept-kept

sleep-slept-slept

sweep-swept-swept

leave-left-left

meet-met-met

burn-burnt-burnt(burn-burned-burned)learn-learnt-learnt(learn-learned-learned)mean-meant-meant

sell-sold-sold

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