大学英语精读第二版第一册unit10语言点

Language PointsMandela’s Garden. (1) A happy combination of abstract and specific words(of words, ideas, behavior, etc)well suited to the situation; pleasing. Abstract words:. liberating; take satisfaction in; fulfilled; take pride in; the contact; freedom; cultivate; nourish. Specific words:. Underline the specific words in para.1 and para.2.. (2) The use of parallel structures. Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clausesCan you identify them in para.1, 2, 8 and 9?. (3) The use of figurative languageLet’s focus on para. 9.Mandela’s elegant style of writing. Parallelism (in para.1, 2, 8 and 9)1) I could now spend the day reading, writing letters, discussing issues with my comrades, or preparing legal documents. (para. 1)2) One can feel fulfilled by washing one’s clothes so that they are particularly clean, by sweeping a hallway so that it is empty of dust, by organizing one’s cell… (para. 2)3) To plant a seed, watch it grow, to tend it and then harvest it, offered a simple but enduring satisfaction.(para. 8)4) They must mind their work, try to drive back enemies, save what can be saved, and eliminate what cannot succeed. (para. 9)BackgroundPlease revise the following sentencesinto parallel structures.e.g.Boy Scouts (童子军) at the camp can learn cooking, canoeing, swimming, or how to make ropes.Boy Scouts at the camp can learn cooking, canoeing, swimming, orrope-making.Please revise the following sentences into parallel structures.1. The students often study long hours, get limited sleep, and up again with the sunrise.2. Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.3. It’s a time not for words, but action.1. The students often study long hours, get limited sleep, and up again with the sunrise.The students Non-traditional student often study long hours, get limited sleep, and are up again with the sunrise.2. Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.3. It’s a time not for words, but action.It’s a time not for words, but for action.The use of figurative language (in para. 9):1) Leaders must also look after their gardens; they, too, plant seeds, and then watch, cultivate, and harvest the results. (metaphor, para. 9)2) Like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate… (simile, para. 9)Part I: Main Idea(Listen to Para. 1 and answer the following questions.)O What does “liberating” mean? What does this word suggest about his prison life so far?O What were his surviving strategies in prison? What did they show about his character?TextAnalysisThe end of manual labor was liberating.(para. 1)Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated after the manual labor had been ended.The present participle of the verb is used as an adjective to express the idea of “making sb feel liberated”.Part I: Sentence ParaphraseThe end of manual labor was liberating. (L 2, Para. 1)Text AnalysisParaphrasing: The arrangement not only freed the prisoners from hard manual labor. They now had time and energy for things they were unable to do in the past.. liberate. 1. to free someone from sth that make their life unhappy or difficult. liberate somebody from something. E.g. Writing poems liberated her from theroutine of everyday life.. the liberating power of education. 2. to free prisoners, a city, a country etc from someone's control:. E.g. A few days later, our armies liberated the city.In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor…so we could spend our days in our section. (L 1, Para.1). “announced the end of manual labor”:. In the past, Mandela and other political prisoners locked up on Robben Island were madeto work in a quarry (['kwɒrɪ],采石场) cutting stones, which was very hard manual labor.. “so we could spend our days in our section”:. so we could work near our cells doing comparatively light work. “Section" here refers to the part of prison where Mandela and other political prisoners were kept.Let’s review the vocabulary.In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor…so we could spend our days in our section. (L 1, Para.1). In the past, Mandela and other political prisoners locked up on Robben Island were madeto work in a quarry (['kwɒrɪ],采石场) cutting stones, which wasvery hard manual labor.Lesson 7 – Mandela’s GardenRobben Island A small island off Cape TownPrison on Robben Island with Maxi mum SecurityMandela and other political prisoners locked up on Robben Island were made to work in a quarry cutting stones.. During his years in prison, NelsonMandela's reputation grew steadily.. He was widely accepted as the mostsignificant black leader in South Africaand became the symbol of resistance asthe anti-apartheid movement gatheredstrength.. He consistently refused to compromisehis political position to obtain hisfreedom.Nelson Mandela was released on February 18, 1990.After his release, he devoted himself wholeheartedlyinto his work, striving to attain the goals he andhis comrades had set out almost four decadesearlier.. … arranged work for us to do… (L 1, Para. 1). arrange sth for sb: make it possible for sb to do it. E.g. I’ve arranged the hotel for you.. arrange for sb to do sth. E.g. I would appreciate it if you could arrange for meto see some of my old friends during my stay inChina.. I will arrange for someone to take you around.. arrange to do something. E.g. Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?. arrange an event or meeting. E.g. She has arranged an appointment at 4: 15.…to pursue what became two of my favorite hobbies on Robben Island. (L 5, Para.1). pursue:. to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time. E.g. She plans to pursue a career in politics.. pursue a goal/aim etcPart II: Main Idea(Listen to Para. 2-7 and answer the following questions.)O Where was the garden located? O Why did he give some of his harvests to the warders?Why did he enjoy gardening?. Mandela tells readers he has well adapted himself to the life in prison. And the small things inside prison are also a source of his pride.. Gardening has already become a kind of survival strategy.. Gardening gives him satisfaction, offers a taste of freedom, and makes him strong physically and mentally. It is a way to defy(挑战，对抗) the enemy’s attempt to crush him spiritually.To survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (L 1, Para. 2)Part I: Sentence ParaphraseParaphrasing: One must find ways to enjoy one’s daily life to live through the harsh life in prison.To survive in prison one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (L 1, Para.2). useful collocations:. get/obtain/derive satisfaction from. take satisfaction in. with great satisfactionone can feel fulfilled by…so that it is empty of dust,by organizing one’s cell to save as much space as possible. (L 2, Para.2). feel fulfilled:. feel happy and satisfied because you are doing useful or important things. empty of sth.:. completely without sth.. E.g. The street was empty of traffic.. The restaurant was always empty of customers.fulfillTry to memorize the collocations.. 履行诺言fulfill a promise. 满足需要﹑符合理想. fulfill a need, dream. 履行职责﹑服从命令﹑履行义务.fulfill a duty, a command, an obligation…they gave in. (L 3, Para.3)they unwillingly agreed.. give in (to sb/sth). allow oneself to be defeated or overcome (by sb/sth)（向某人[某事物]）屈服, 让步, 投降:. 叛乱者被迫投降.. The rebels were forced to give in.. 当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象.. The authorities showed no signs of giving into the kidnapper's demands.…I was a miner at heart. (L 3, Para.4). at heart. in one's real nature; basically 内心里; 基本上:. E.g. People say that in spite of his academic success, he is a farmer at heart.. Even at the age of eighty, he is young at heart.hardy plants (L 2, Para.5). plants that can live through difficult conditions, such as a cold winter or a drought While I have always enjoyed gardening, it was not until I was behind bars that I wasable to tend my own garden. (L 1, Para.6). while: although. be behind bars: be in prison. How to paraphrase this sentence?. Although I have always loved gardening, I didn’t have a garden of my own until I was in prison.through trial and error (L 2, Para.7). trial and error:. process of solving a problem by trying various solutions and learning from one's failures. 反覆试验, 从失败中找出解决办法. E.g. learn by trial and errorPart III: Main Idea (Para. 8-11)What aspects of life were discussed as similar to his gardening experience in prison?Why did he bury the dead plant in the corner of the garden?How did he feel about his relationship with Winnie?TextAnalysisWhat aspects of life were discussed as similar tohis gardening experience in prison?. Mandela compares the garden with leader’s political cause. In particular, he compares his gardening with his responsibility in the revolutionary cause.. Like in gardening, in his struggle as a revolutionary leader, he also has to plant seeds, cultivate, take care of the fruit trees he has planted, until in the end he harvests the result. Both of them involve care, cultivation and harvest.. The only difference is that they have different soil. For gardeners, they work on soil, whereas for leaders, the soil is the political cause. enduring satisfaction (L 2, Para.8) satisfaction that lasts for a very long time. more collocations:. enduring charm/memory/popularityThe sense of being the owner of the small patch of earth offered a small taste of freedom. (L 3, Para.8). sense:. more useful phrases:. the sense of being different from your peers. a deep sense of despair. the sense of being appreciated. sentence pattern:. The sense of being…offered a small taste of…. Could you follow this pattern to construct your own sentence?The sense of being the owner of the small patch of earth offered a small taste of freedom. (para. 8)Part II: Sentence ParaphraseParaphrasing: Being aware that you could grow whatever you wanted on a small piece of land enabled you to enjoy a small amount of freedom.In some way, I saw the garden as a metaphor for certain aspects of my life. (L 1, Para. 9). How to paraphrase this sentence?. I found certain aspects of my life is similar to tending a garden.Like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate; they must mind their work, try to drive back enemies, save what can be saved, and eliminate what can not succeed.(L 3, Para.9). mind their work:. take care of or attend to (sb/sth). 照看, 留心（某人[某事物]）:. mind the babyLike gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate…and eliminate what can not succeed.(L 3, Para.9). What does Mandela imply by saying it?Mandela seems to be talking about his relationswith his followers in general, and his relations with his wife in particular. When differences occur, a leader should always try to resolve these differences. However, if these differences concern matters of principle and cannot be reconciled, a leader must resolutely part with those people, as one has to eliminate the weeds in one’s garden.what they cultivate; they must mind their work, try to drive back enemies, save what can be saved, and eliminate what can not succeed.(L 3, Para.9). Paraphrasing:. Mandela is here comparing his gardening with his responsibility as a national leader.. As in gardening, in his struggle as an ANC leader, he also has to plant seeds, and take care of what he has planted until in the end he harvests the results.I wrote Winnie two lett ers about…deep red fruit. (L1, Para.10). What do the “beautiful tomato plant” refer to?I wrote Winnie two letters about…deep red fruit. (L1, Para.10). The “beautiful tomato plant” and how Mandela“made it grow from a tender seedling to a strong plan t that produced deep red fruit” obviouslyrefer to his relationship with his wife.. Mandela gives a specific example of how he tried to save his marriage but in vain by using ametaphor.When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden. (para. 10)TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysisPart III: Sentence ParaphraseParaphrasing: By telling Winnie what he did with the dead tomato plant in detail, Mandela wanted her to know he cared about their marriage and felt very sorry about their worsening relationship.Lesson 7 - Mandela's GardenWriting Devices: ParallelismPlease compare the following two sentences. Are there any differences? In which sentence is the meaning well-conveyed? When it finally died, I buried them in a corner of the garden.When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden. Lesson 7 - Mandela's Garden When it finally died, I removed the roots from the soil, washed them, and buried them in a corner of the garden. (Para. 10)It shows Mandela’s feelings toward the death of the plant—sad. The story is an allusion (影射，暗指) to his relationship with his wife, we can see his feeling and attitude toward their relationship. ...either through some mistake or lack of care, the plant began to wither and decline and nothing I did would bring it back to health. (para. 10)TextAnalysis DetailedAnalysisParaphrasing: Mandela seemed to feel that he was partly responsible for the way his relationship with his wife had declined, and that was why he did what he could to save their marriage. But he felt that their marriage probably wouldn’t survive.Part III: Sentence ParaphraseMandela married Winnie (a South Africanpolitician) in 1958.He felt guilty for what Winnie had endured because of years of imprisonment. But Winnie and his family always came second to his other great love, the ANC and the liberation struggle.Lesson 7 – Mandela’s GardenI told her this small story at great length. (p.11). at length:. (1) in detail. The book discusses the topic at length.. (2) for a long time. We discussed this problem at length.I do not know what she read into that letter. (p.11). read sth into sth. assume that sth means more than it does 将本来没有的意思加进去解释; 自以为有某种含义. You have read into her letter a sympathy that she cannot possibly feel.. 你误解她信中有同情的意思, 她根本不可能有这种感觉。