海水淡化反渗透设计导则
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反渗透膜在海水淡化应用中的系统设计与运行
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
内容提要 • 取水方式 • 预处理系统 • 反渗透系统设计与选膜
– 通常的设计导则 – ISD设计 – 海水除硼设计(Ashkelon) – 7芯?8芯?9芯?
Pump
Concentrate (drain)
Concentrate (sidestream)
Bypass, front end permeate
• 设计多少级?
Sea water
– 与原水TDS,温度有关 – 与产水要求有关,TDS,硼脱除率
SWRO
High pH BWRO
BWRO treated rear end permeate
目前回收效率已高达90 –95%,很难再改进
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
膜系统:
RO System
Energy Recovery Device ERD) (ERD)
后处理系统:
Post-treatment Boron Resin
High Efficiency ERD
High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO Elements High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS) Large Diameter RO Elements NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid
取水方式
• 敞开式取水
– 取水口距海岸100~300米远 – 水面以下约20米 – 海底以上20米 – 优点是取水费用低
• 深井取水
– 缺点是打深井费用较高 – 对大型海水淡化系统不适用 – 优点是取水水质很好,可以节省预处理部分的费用
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
根据取水水质选择预处理
• 深井取水(通常SDI<2~3)
– 多介质过滤器 – 化学添加:少量的NaClO,SMBS;阻垢剂或酸(回收率>50%) – 保安过滤器
• 敞开取水(SDI一般在5~10之间)
– – – – – – NaClO消毒 FeCl3或其他絮凝剂,后接澄清池 多介质过滤器(之前通常二次投加NaClO),或UF 活性炭 SMBS 保安过滤器 pH
• 反渗透部分
– 缓慢升压(2分钟) – 防止产水回流导致背压破坏 – 坚持记录和标准化运行数据 – 出现问题及时清洗 – 停机时注意保存好膜元件
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
设计导则
Feed source Feed silt density index Average gfd system flux l/m2h Maximum element recovery %
Feed source
RO Permeate SDI < 1 21-25 36-43 30
RO Permeate
内部分段式设计(ISD)
— — 降低反渗透海水淡化成本的 新型设计概念
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
反渗透脱盐系统降低能耗的关键因素
反渗透脱盐系统 RO 系统
Δp
• 设计缺陷导致污 堵 • 高产水通量,高 回收率,低浓水 流量容易导致浓 差极化和污染 • ROSA自动设计 报警 • FilmTec的导则 最严格
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
预处理系统 • 传统预处理
– 絮凝沉淀+砂滤
• 膜法预处理
– 浸没式超滤 – 压力式超滤
• 其它方法
– 气浮(DAF) – 活性碳过滤(ACF) – 生物过滤(Bio-Filter)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
海水淡化系统段数设计
Concentrate Pump
Concentrate stage 1
Pump
Recycle Permeate
Concentrate stage 2
• 设计多少段?
– 回收率50%以下,通常只用一段(1995年前两段) – 回收率50~60%,需要两段设计
• 两段设计,段间需要设增压泵 • 例外:采用ISD设计和FilmTec新型的大通量海水淡化膜,可以只 用一段达到55~57%的回收率
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
SWRO系统通常的设计导则
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
Langelier Saturation Index Stiff & Davis Stability Index
Raw Water 7.6 0.45 -0.53
Adjusted Feed 7.6 0.45 -0.53
Concentrate 7.77 1.12 -0.05
• 结垢规律
– <45%回收率:无需考虑阻垢,S&DI<0 – 45~55%回收率:CaCO3,加酸或阻垢剂 – >55%回收率:CaSO4,投加高端阻垢剂
ERD: Energy Recovery Devices
DAF: Dissolved Air Flotation BCS: Brine Conversion System
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
Maximum permeate flow rate, gpd (m3/d) 9,000 (34) 6,700 (25) 6,100 (23) 10,600 (40) 7,900 (30) 7,200 (27) 11,000 (42) 8300 7600
Feed source Element type BW elements (400 ft2 and 440 ft2) SW elements Active area Element type ft2 (m2) BW elements 440 (40.9) SW elements 320 (29.7) SW elements 380 (35.3)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
级数设计
Feed Water Permeate stage 1 (or “ pass 1” ) Permeate stage 2 (or “ pass 2” )
增加泵
•更低的进水压力
高产水量 RO 元件
•更高的回收率
长压力容器(8芯装),分段设计, NF-RO 混合设计
•减少能量损失
增加RO进水格网厚度,,改进预处理 (MF/UF), 杀菌剂, 结垢控 制
•膜元件结构设计
端面自锁元件,更大直径的元件
高压 泵
能量回收装置
高压泵/能量回收装置
•提高高压泵效率 •提高能量回收装置效率
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake SDI < 3 SDI < 5 8-12 7-10 13-20 11-17 15 13
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake
Active Membrane Area 320 ft2 elements 380 ft2 elements 400 ft2 elements
取水系统:
Intake System Beach Well Infiltration Intake Intermittent Chlorination Co-location Power Station Mix BW with SW
预处理系统:
Pretreatment System MF/UF Submerged MF/UF DAF Bio-filter
Polishing Filter
Cartridge Filter RO Unit
Draw Back Tank
Disinfection
Chlorine
Distribution
SBS
Lime pH Adjust
High Pressure Pump Intake Pond Filtered Water Tank
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
On-going Activities to Reduce Costs 膜法海水淡化系统的基本流程
MMF
Coagulant FeCl 3
Blend
– 除了脱硼要求外,通常为一级 – 需结合通量,回收率等其他方面综合考虑
• 新概念
– 分流产水,压力容器两端均有产水管,前端产水直接应 用,后端产水根据需要做二级处理
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
RO Permeate
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake Minimum concentrate flow rate2, gpm (m3/h) 10 (2.3) 10 (2.3) 13 (3.0) 15 (3.4) Maximum feed flow rate2, gpm (m3/h) 75 (17) 65 (15) 63 (14) 56 (13) 72 (16) 70 (16) 62 (14)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
系统回收率的演变
Plant PlantCapacity Capacity 33 >>10,000 10,000m m/day /day
Ceuta (2003) Larnaka
Tampa
Fukuoka
70%
60%
Байду номын сангаас
Point Lisas
Recovery (%)
50%
Ceuta (1998) Fujairah
Jeddah Addur (1990)
40%
Medina Yanbu
Before 2000 30% After 2000
Design Recovery is also affected by temperature, final water quality, quality, and etc. 20%
典型设计
• 传统海水淡化
– – – – – – 单支压力容器7~8支膜 一段,45%回收率 13~16 lmh平均通量 SW30HRLE-400i 在最低温和最高温下分别设计 深井取水的FF为0.8,敞开取水的FF为0.7
• 低能耗
– ISD设计,回收率50~55%,大通量膜元件
• 高污染海水
– 更低的平均通量,34mil流道的SW30HR-370元件
• 硼脱除要求
– 产水分流 – 高TDS产水做进一步处理,通常在高pH下采用BWRO,回收率85%
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
设计要点 • 控制好预处理是关键
– 控制pH,SDI,氧化还原电位 – 预先运行一个月再启动反渗透 – 预处理出问题要立即关闭反渗透系统。
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
内容提要 • 取水方式 • 预处理系统 • 反渗透系统设计与选膜
– 通常的设计导则 – ISD设计 – 海水除硼设计(Ashkelon) – 7芯?8芯?9芯?
Pump
Concentrate (drain)
Concentrate (sidestream)
Bypass, front end permeate
• 设计多少级?
Sea water
– 与原水TDS,温度有关 – 与产水要求有关,TDS,硼脱除率
SWRO
High pH BWRO
BWRO treated rear end permeate
目前回收效率已高达90 –95%,很难再改进
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
膜系统:
RO System
Energy Recovery Device ERD) (ERD)
后处理系统:
Post-treatment Boron Resin
High Efficiency ERD
High Flow or Thicker Spacer RO Elements High Recovery RO System (Single Stage or BCS) Large Diameter RO Elements NF - NF or NF - RO Hybrid
取水方式
• 敞开式取水
– 取水口距海岸100~300米远 – 水面以下约20米 – 海底以上20米 – 优点是取水费用低
• 深井取水
– 缺点是打深井费用较高 – 对大型海水淡化系统不适用 – 优点是取水水质很好,可以节省预处理部分的费用
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
根据取水水质选择预处理
• 深井取水(通常SDI<2~3)
– 多介质过滤器 – 化学添加:少量的NaClO,SMBS;阻垢剂或酸(回收率>50%) – 保安过滤器
• 敞开取水(SDI一般在5~10之间)
– – – – – – NaClO消毒 FeCl3或其他絮凝剂,后接澄清池 多介质过滤器(之前通常二次投加NaClO),或UF 活性炭 SMBS 保安过滤器 pH
• 反渗透部分
– 缓慢升压(2分钟) – 防止产水回流导致背压破坏 – 坚持记录和标准化运行数据 – 出现问题及时清洗 – 停机时注意保存好膜元件
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
设计导则
Feed source Feed silt density index Average gfd system flux l/m2h Maximum element recovery %
Feed source
RO Permeate SDI < 1 21-25 36-43 30
RO Permeate
内部分段式设计(ISD)
— — 降低反渗透海水淡化成本的 新型设计概念
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
反渗透脱盐系统降低能耗的关键因素
反渗透脱盐系统 RO 系统
Δp
• 设计缺陷导致污 堵 • 高产水通量,高 回收率,低浓水 流量容易导致浓 差极化和污染 • ROSA自动设计 报警 • FilmTec的导则 最严格
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
预处理系统 • 传统预处理
– 絮凝沉淀+砂滤
• 膜法预处理
– 浸没式超滤 – 压力式超滤
• 其它方法
– 气浮(DAF) – 活性碳过滤(ACF) – 生物过滤(Bio-Filter)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
海水淡化系统段数设计
Concentrate Pump
Concentrate stage 1
Pump
Recycle Permeate
Concentrate stage 2
• 设计多少段?
– 回收率50%以下,通常只用一段(1995年前两段) – 回收率50~60%,需要两段设计
• 两段设计,段间需要设增压泵 • 例外:采用ISD设计和FilmTec新型的大通量海水淡化膜,可以只 用一段达到55~57%的回收率
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
SWRO系统通常的设计导则
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
Langelier Saturation Index Stiff & Davis Stability Index
Raw Water 7.6 0.45 -0.53
Adjusted Feed 7.6 0.45 -0.53
Concentrate 7.77 1.12 -0.05
• 结垢规律
– <45%回收率:无需考虑阻垢,S&DI<0 – 45~55%回收率:CaCO3,加酸或阻垢剂 – >55%回收率:CaSO4,投加高端阻垢剂
ERD: Energy Recovery Devices
DAF: Dissolved Air Flotation BCS: Brine Conversion System
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
Maximum permeate flow rate, gpd (m3/d) 9,000 (34) 6,700 (25) 6,100 (23) 10,600 (40) 7,900 (30) 7,200 (27) 11,000 (42) 8300 7600
Feed source Element type BW elements (400 ft2 and 440 ft2) SW elements Active area Element type ft2 (m2) BW elements 440 (40.9) SW elements 320 (29.7) SW elements 380 (35.3)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
级数设计
Feed Water Permeate stage 1 (or “ pass 1” ) Permeate stage 2 (or “ pass 2” )
增加泵
•更低的进水压力
高产水量 RO 元件
•更高的回收率
长压力容器(8芯装),分段设计, NF-RO 混合设计
•减少能量损失
增加RO进水格网厚度,,改进预处理 (MF/UF), 杀菌剂, 结垢控 制
•膜元件结构设计
端面自锁元件,更大直径的元件
高压 泵
能量回收装置
高压泵/能量回收装置
•提高高压泵效率 •提高能量回收装置效率
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake SDI < 3 SDI < 5 8-12 7-10 13-20 11-17 15 13
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake
Active Membrane Area 320 ft2 elements 380 ft2 elements 400 ft2 elements
取水系统:
Intake System Beach Well Infiltration Intake Intermittent Chlorination Co-location Power Station Mix BW with SW
预处理系统:
Pretreatment System MF/UF Submerged MF/UF DAF Bio-filter
Polishing Filter
Cartridge Filter RO Unit
Draw Back Tank
Disinfection
Chlorine
Distribution
SBS
Lime pH Adjust
High Pressure Pump Intake Pond Filtered Water Tank
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
On-going Activities to Reduce Costs 膜法海水淡化系统的基本流程
MMF
Coagulant FeCl 3
Blend
– 除了脱硼要求外,通常为一级 – 需结合通量,回收率等其他方面综合考虑
• 新概念
– 分流产水,压力容器两端均有产水管,前端产水直接应 用,后端产水根据需要做二级处理
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
RO Permeate
Seawater Well or MF1 Open intake Minimum concentrate flow rate2, gpm (m3/h) 10 (2.3) 10 (2.3) 13 (3.0) 15 (3.4) Maximum feed flow rate2, gpm (m3/h) 75 (17) 65 (15) 63 (14) 56 (13) 72 (16) 70 (16) 62 (14)
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
系统回收率的演变
Plant PlantCapacity Capacity 33 >>10,000 10,000m m/day /day
Ceuta (2003) Larnaka
Tampa
Fukuoka
70%
60%
Байду номын сангаас
Point Lisas
Recovery (%)
50%
Ceuta (1998) Fujairah
Jeddah Addur (1990)
40%
Medina Yanbu
Before 2000 30% After 2000
Design Recovery is also affected by temperature, final water quality, quality, and etc. 20%
典型设计
• 传统海水淡化
– – – – – – 单支压力容器7~8支膜 一段,45%回收率 13~16 lmh平均通量 SW30HRLE-400i 在最低温和最高温下分别设计 深井取水的FF为0.8,敞开取水的FF为0.7
• 低能耗
– ISD设计,回收率50~55%,大通量膜元件
• 高污染海水
– 更低的平均通量,34mil流道的SW30HR-370元件
• 硼脱除要求
– 产水分流 – 高TDS产水做进一步处理,通常在高pH下采用BWRO,回收率85%
®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“ Dow” ) or an affiliated company of Dow
设计要点 • 控制好预处理是关键
– 控制pH,SDI,氧化还原电位 – 预先运行一个月再启动反渗透 – 预处理出问题要立即关闭反渗透系统。