智能电饭煲控制器中英文对照外文翻译文献
电气专业外文文献翻译---智能照明控制系统
电气专业外文文献翻译---智能照明控制系统XXX control system is to conserve energy。
This system utilizes us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage XXX of n。
the system takes advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses the required XXX XXX 30%.Keywords: XXX control system。
bus-type star-shaped structure1.Advantages of the XXX1.1 XXX SavingXXX XXX-saving XXX utilizing pre-set control modes and components。
it can effectively manage the level of n required at different times。
This system takes full advantage of natural outdoor light and only uses artificial light when necessary。
As a result。
it uses the least amount of energy possible to achieve the required level of XXX-saving benefits。
XXX 30%.Note: No paragraph was XXX with the original text.)XXX control system is to conserve energy。
This system incorporates us pre-set control modes and components to accurately set up and manage energy-saving measures for different levels of XXX。
智能电饭煲的设计学士学位论文
摘要单片机技术将计算机控制与电子技术应用有机地结合为一个整体的应用领域。
近年来在工业智能仪器仪表、光机电设备、自动检测、信息处理、远程通信监控、智能楼宇自动化、家电等得到广泛应用和迅速发展。
单片机的应用深度和广度已成为衡量一个国家工业发展水平的重要标志。
有专家预言：后PC时代计算机应用的最重要领域是以单片机技术发展的“嵌入式系统”。
嵌入式家电不仅节约了厨房空间，又可以使得各种家电之间的组合排列更为合理、实用，实现厨房空间的最大可利用率与人们操作的便利性，符合现在人们对于生活高端、大气、上档次的生活要求。
嵌入式系统在电饭煲的应用使得电饭煲更加方便，给人们的生活带来极大的便利。
本论文主要研究51单片机控制下的电饭煲，用来实现电饭煲的智能化操作。
本次设计主要应用电子电路设计与制作电路板技术，以与功能来实现的单片机操作指令系统，最终实现单片机控制下的电饭煲蒸煮过程。
关键词：电饭煲 PCB设计；智能电饭煲；51单片机AbstractSingle-chip microcomputer technology to apply computer control and electronic technology application field of organically combined as a whole. In recent years in industrial intelligentinstrumentation, optical equipment, automatic detection, information processing, remotecommunication monitoring, intelligent building automation, household appliances, etcwidely application and rapid development. MCU application breadth and depth has become a measure of an important symbol of a country's industrial development. Experts predicted: computer application field of the most important after the PC era based on single chip microcomputer technology to develop "embedded system".Electric rice cooker, this dissertation mainly studies 51 under the control of microcontroller, intelligent operation used to realize electric rice cooker. The design of the main application of electronic circuit design and circuit board production technology, SCM operation instruction system and function to achieve, finally realizes the electric rice cooker cooking process under the control of single chip microcomputer.Embedded appliances not only save the kitchen space, and can make all kinds of electrical appliances between arrangement more reasonable and practical, and realize the kitchen space of maximum utilization and the people the convenience of operation, for people now living the life requirement of high-end, atmosphere and grade. The application of embedded system in rice cooker makes it easier to rice cooker brings great convenience to people's life.Keywords: 51 single chip computer; cooker PCB design of; intelligent electric rice cooker目录摘要i Abstract (ii)第1章绪论11.1 选题背景11.2 研究现状11.3 研究的目的与意义1第2章硬件电路设计22.1系统原理与框图32.2 时钟电路设计42.2.1 外部时钟方式42.2.2 部时钟方式42.3 复位电路设计52.3.1 上电复位电路52.3.2 按键复位电路62.4 显示电路设计72.4.1 数码管和液晶72.4.2显示电路具体连接82.5 键盘接口电路设计92.5.1按键的抖动102.5.2按键消抖102.6 温度采集电路设计112.6.1 DS18B20的控制方式112.6.2 DS18B20具体连接122.7预约定时电路设计132.7.1 DS1302接口分析132.7.2 DS1302与单片机具体连接142.8 功能指示电路设计152.9 电源电路设计152.10继电器电路设计162.11系统的原理图和PCB图17第3章系统软件设计193.1 主程序设计193.2 预约定时程序设计203.3 温度采集程序设计213.4 显示与输入程序设计223.4.1 液晶操作时序223.4.2 液晶显示和按键检测流程图设计223.5 负载电路和指示功能设计243.6 本章小结24第4章智能电饭煲的调试254.1 硬件调试以与遇到的问题254.2 软件调试以与遇到的问题264.3 本章小结26结论27参考文献29第1章绪论1.1 选题背景随着电饭煲技术的发展，电饭煲的控制技术也经历了几个重要的阶段，首先是机械式控制，然后是电子式控制，再是微电脑控制，再是目前将要成为主流的电磁电饭煲和微压力电饭煲。
介绍电饭煲英文作文
介绍电饭煲英文作文Electric rice cooker, also known as rice steamer, is a must-have kitchen appliance for many households. It is a convenient and efficient way to cook rice, saving time and effort. With its user-friendly features, it has become popular among people who love rice-based dishes.The electric rice cooker consists of a pot, a heating element, and a control panel. The pot is usually made ofnon-stick material, which prevents the rice from stickingto the bottom and makes cleaning easier. The heatingelement is responsible for cooking the rice by generating heat. The control panel allows users to set the cookingtime and choose different cooking modes, such as white rice, brown rice, or even porridge.One of the advantages of using an electric rice cookeris its simplicity. Just add the desired amount of rice and water, press the button, and wait for it to cook. There is no need to constantly monitor the cooking process or worryabout the rice getting burned. The cooker will automatically switch to the "keep warm" mode once the rice is cooked, ensuring that it stays warm and ready to be served.Another benefit of using an electric rice cooker is its versatility. Apart from cooking rice, it can also be used to steam vegetables, make soups, or even bake cakes. Some advanced models even have additional features like a timer, delay start, or a slow-cooking function, providing more options for users to explore and experiment with different recipes.In addition to its convenience and versatility, the electric rice cooker is also energy-efficient. It uses less electricity compared to cooking rice on a stove, as it only consumes the necessary amount of energy to cook the rice and maintain the "keep warm" mode. This not only saves money on electricity bills but also reduces the carbon footprint, contributing to a greener and more sustainable lifestyle.Overall, the electric rice cooker has revolutionized the way we cook rice. Its simplicity, versatility, and energy efficiency make it a valuable addition to any kitchen. Whether you are a busy professional or a cooking enthusiast, this appliance is sure to make your life easier and your meals more enjoyable. So why not give it a try and experience the convenience and deliciousness it brings?。
电气毕业论文设计英语文献原文+翻译.doc
标准文档外文翻译院（系）专业班级姓名学号指导教师年月日Programmable designed for electro-pneumatic systemscontrollerJohn F.WakerlyThis project deals with the study of electro-pneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller.1. IntroductionThe automation systems that use electro-pneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other components like counter, timer and control the status of the system.With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and complexity can be increased using the same elements.A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many companies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical components. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings.Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much resources that are not even used to control the system, electro-pneumatic system is one of this kind of application. The use of PLC, especially for small size systems, can be very expensive for the automation project.An alternative in this case is to create a specific controller that can offer the exactly size and resources that the project needs [3, 4]. This can be made using microcontrollers as the base of this controller.The controller, based on microcontroller, can be very specific and adapted to only one kind of machine or it can work as a generic controller that can be programmed as a usual PLC and work with logic that can be changed. All these characteristics depend on what is needed and how much experience the designer has with developing an electronic circuit and firmware for microcontroller. But the main advantage of design the controller with the microcontroller is that the designer has the total knowledge of his controller, which makes it possible to control the size of the controller, change the complexity and the application of it. It means that the project gets more independence from other companies, but at the same time the responsibility of the control of the system stays at the designer hands2. Electro-pneumatic systemOn automation system one can find three basic components mentioned before, plus a logic circuit that controls the system. An adequate technique is needed to project the logic circuit and integrate all the necessary components to execute the sequence of movements properly.For a simple direct sequence of movement an intuitive method can be used [1, 5], but for indirect or more complex sequences the intuition can generate a very complicated circuit and signal mistakes. It is necessary to use another method that can save time of the project, makea clean circuit, can eliminate occasional signal overlapping and redundant circuits. The presented method is called step-by-step or algorithmic [1, 5], it is valid for pneumatic and electro-pneumatic systems and it was used as a base in this work.The method consists of designing the systems based on standard circuits made for each change on the state of the actuators, these changes are called steps.The first part is to design those kinds of standard circuits for each step, the next task is to link the standard circuits and the last part is to connect the control elements that receive signals from sensors, switches and the previous movements, and give the air or electricity to the supply lines of each step. In Figs. 1 and 2 the standard circuits are drawn for pneumatic and electro-pneumatic system [8]. It is possible to see the relations with the previous and the next steps.3. The method applied inside the controllerThe result of the method presented before is a sequence of movements of the actuator that is well defined by steps. It means that each change on the position of the actuators is a new state of the system and the transition between states is called step.The standard circuit described before helps the designer to define the states of the systems and to define the condition to each change betweenthe states. In the end of the design, the system is defined by a sequencethat never chances and states that have the inputs and the outputs well defined. The inputs are the condition for the transition and the outputs are the result of the transition.All the configuration of those steps stays inside of the microcontroller and is executed the same way it was designed. The sequences of strings are programmed inside the controller with 5 bytes; each string has the configuration of one step of the process. There are two bytes for the inputs, one byte for the outputs and two more for the other configurations and auxiliary functions of the step. After programming, this sequence of strings is saved inside of a non-volatile memory of the microcontroller, so they can be read and executed.The controller task is not to work in the same way as a conventional PLC, but the purpose of it is to be an example of a versatile controller that is design for an specific area. A conventional PLC process the control of the system using a cycle where it makes an image of the inputs, execute all the conditions defined by the configuration programmed inside, and then update the state of the outputs. This controller works in a different way, where it read the configuration of the step, wait the condition of inputs to be satisfied, then update the state or the outputs and after that jump to the next step and start the process again.It can generate some limitations, as the fact that this controller cannot execute, inside the program, movements that must be repeated for some time, but this problem can be solved with some external logic components. Another limitation is that the controller cannot be applied on systems that have no sequence. These limitations are a characteristic of the system that must be analyzed for each application.4. Characteristics of the controllerThe controller is based on the MICROCHIP microcontroller PIC16F877 [6,7] with 40 pins, and it has all the resources needed for thisproject .It has enough pins for all the components, serial communication implemented in circuit, EEPROM memory to save all the configuration of the system and the sequence of steps. For the execution of the main program, it offers complete resources as timers and interruptions.The list of resources of the controller was created to explore all the capacity of the microcontroller to make it as complete as possible. During the step, the program chooses how to use the resources reading the configuration string of the step. This string has two bytes for digital inputs, one used as a mask and the other one used as a value expected. One byte is used to configure the outputs value. One bytes more is used for the internal timer , the analog input or time-out. The EEPROM memory inside is 256 bytes length that is enough to save the string of the steps, with this characteristic it is possible to save between 48 steps （Table 1）.The controller (Fig.3) has also a display and some buttons that are used with an interactive menu to program the sequence of steps and other configurations.4.1. Interaction componentsFor the real application the controller must have some elements to interact with the final user and to offer a complete monitoring of the system resources that are available to the designer while creating the logic control of the pneumatic system (Fig.3):•Interactive mode of work; function available on the main program for didactic purposes, the user gives the signal to execute the step. •LCD display, which shows the status of the system, values of inputs, outputs, timer and statistics of the sequence execution.•Beep to give important alerts, stop, start and emergency.• Leds to show power on and others to show the state of inputs and outputs.4.2. SecurityTo make the final application works property, a correct configuration to execute the steps in the right way is needed, but more then that itmust offer solutions in case of bad functioning or problems in the execution of the sequence. The controller offers the possibility to configure two internal virtual circuits that work in parallel to the principal. These two circuits can be used as emergency or reset buttons and can return the system to a certain state at any time [2]. There are two inputs that work with interruption to get an immediate access to these functions. It is possible to configure the position, the buttons and the value of time-out of the system.4.3. User interfaceThe sequence of strings can be programmed using the interface elements of the controller. A Computer interface can also be used to generate the user program easily. With a good documentation the final user can use the interface to configure the strings of bytes that define the steps of the sequence. But it is possible to create a program with visual resources that works as a translator to the user, it changes his work to the values that the controller understands.To implement the communication between the computer interface and the controller a simple protocol with check sum and number of bytes is the minimum requirements to guarantee the integrity of the data.4.4. FirmwareThe main loop works by reading the strings of the steps from the EEPROM memory that has all the information about the steps.In each step, the status of the system is saved on the memory and it is shown on the display too. Depending of the user configuration, it can use the interruption to work with the emergency circuit or time-out to keep the system safety. In Fig.4,a block diagram of micro controller main program is presented.5. Example of electro-pneumatic systemThe system is not a representation of a specific machine, but it is made with some common movements and components found in a real one. The system is composed of four actuators. The actuators A, B and C are double acting and D-single acting. Actuator A advances and stays in specified position till the end of the cycle, it could work fixing an object to the next action for example (Fig. 5) , it is the first step. When A reaches the end position, actuator C starts his work together with B, making as many cycles as possible during the advancing of B. It depends on how fastactuator B is advancing; the speed is regulated by a flowing control valve. It was the second step. B and C are examples of actuators working together, while B pushes an object slowly, C repeats its work for some time.When B reaches the final position, C stops immediately its cycle and comes back to the initial position. The actuator D is a single acting one with spring return and works together with the back of C, it is the third step. D works making very fast forward and backward movement, just one time. Its backward movement is the fourth step. D could be a tool to make a hole on the object.When D reaches the initial position, A and B return too, it is the fifth step.Fig. 6 shows the first part of the designing process where all the movements of each step should be defined [2]. (A+) means that the actuator A moves to the advanced position and (A−) to the initial position. The movements that happen at the same time are joined together in the same step. The system has five steps.These two representations of the system (Figs. 5 and 6) together are enough to describe correctly all the sequence. With them is possible to design the whole control circuit with the necessary logic components. But till this time, it is not a complete system, because it is missing some auxiliary elements that are not included in this draws because they work in parallel with the main sequence.These auxiliary elements give more function to the circuit and are very important to the final application; the most important of them is the parallel circuit linked with all the others steps. That circuit should be able to stop the sequence at any time and change the state of the actuators to a specific position. This kind of circuit can be used as a reset or emergency buttons.The next Figs. 7 and 8 show the result of using the method without the controller. These pictures are the electric diagram of the control circuit of the example, including sensors, buttons and the coils of the electrical valves.The auxiliary elements are included, like the automatic/manual switcher that permit a continuous work and the two start buttons that make the operator of a machine use their two hands to start the process, reducing the risk of accidents.6. Changing the example to a user programIn the previous chapter, the electro-pneumatic circuits were presented, used to begin the study of the requires to control a system that work with steps and must offer all the functional elements to be used in a real application. But, as explained above, using a PLC or this specific controller, the control becomes easier and the complexity can be increasealso.Table 2 shows a resume of the elements that are necessary to control the presented example.With the time diagram, the step sequence and the elements of the system described in Table 2 and Figs. 5 and 6 it is possible to create the configuration of the steps that can be sent to the controller (Tables 3 and 4).While using a conventional PLC, the user should pay attention to the logic of the circuit when drawing the electric diagram on the interface (Figs. 7 and 8), using the programmable controller, described in this work, the user must know only the concept o f the method and program only the configuration of each step.It means that, with a conventional PLC, the user must draw the relationbetween the lines and the draw makes it hard to differentiate the steps of the sequence. Normally, one needs to execute a simulation on the interface to find mistakes on the logicThe new programming allows that the configuration of the steps be separated, like described by the method. The sequence is defined by itself and the steps are described only by the inputs and outputs for each step.The structure of the configuration follows the order:1-byte: features of the step;2-byte: mask for the inputs;3-byte: value expected on the inputs;4-byte: value for the outputs;5-byte: value for the extra function.Table 5 shows how the user program is saved inside the controller, this is the program that describes the control of the example shown before.The sequence can be defined by 25 bytes. These bytes can be dividedin five strings with 5 bytes each that define each step of the sequence (Figs. 9 and 10).7. ConclusionThe controller developed for this work (Fig. 11) shows that it is possible to create a very useful programmable controller based on microcontroller. External memories or external timers were not used in case to explore the resources that the microcontroller offers inside. Outside the microcontroller, there are only components to implement the outputs, inputs, analog input, display for the interface and the serial communication.Using only the internal memory, it is possible to control a pneumatic system that has a sequence with 48 steps if all the resources for all steps are used, but it is possible to reach sixty steps in the case of a simpler system.The programming of the controller does not use PLC languages, but a configuration that is simple and intuitive. With electro-pneumatic system, the programming follows the same technique that was used before to design the system, but here the designer work s directly with the states or steps of the system.With a very simple machine language the designer can define all the configuration of the step using four or five bytes. It depends only on his experience to use all the resources of the controller.The controller task is not to work in the same way as a commercial PLC but the purpose of it is to be an example of a versatile controller that is designed for a specific area. Because of that, it is not possible to say which one works better; the system made with microcontroller is an alternative that works in a simple way.应用于电气系统的可编程序控制器约翰 F.维克里此项目主要是研究电气系统以及简单有效的控制气流发动机的程序和气流系统的状态。
毕业设计论文外文文献翻译中英文对照电气对中国智能电网的研究
1Research on Smart Grid in ChinaJingjing Lu, Da Xie, Member, IEEE and Qian Ai, Member, IEEEAbstract--The Smart Grid is the latest direction for the futurepower system development. In this paper, firstly the backgroundof Smart Grid, its meaning, as well as the concept and structurewere presented. Typical diagram of Smart Grid was illustrated.Then, the current development of Smart Grid in United States and Europe were described, development ideas and the future trends in these countries were summarized and compared as well.Besides, the driving force of Smart Grid in China was analyzed,with detailed introduction of current related projects in China.The relation between the UHV Power Grid and the Smart Grid was discussed. Finally, the potential role of Smart Grid in future power grids in China was prospected and a new direction for China’s Smart Grid development was charted.Index Terms—Smart Grid, UHV power grid, planning,operation, managementI. INTRODUCTIONWith the promotion of world economy modernization, theprice of oil has been kept on a upward trend. What is also noticeable is the shortage of energy supply around the world, the increasing pressures on resources and environment pressure, and the enormous power losses in energy delivery due to the low eff iciency of the current power grid. What’s more, owing to the growing electricity demands and the users’increasing requirements for reliability and quality, the power industry is now facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. Therefore, a new sort of power system of environment friendly, economic, high performance, low investment, safety, reliability and flexibility has been a goal of engineers in power industry.Still, the emergence of advanced meter infrastructure and more extensive usage of the Internet accelerate the process [1]. Since 1990's, with the increasing use of distributed generation power, more demands and requirements have been proposed for power grid intensity [2], [3]. To find out a optimal solution for these problems, power companies should accept the idea of new technology adoption, potential mining of the existing power system and improvement of its application and utilization. Consensus has been reached by experts and scholars from different countries that future power gird must be able to meet various requirements of energy generating and the demands of highly market-oriented power transaction so that the needs of the self-selection from customers can be satisfied individually. All of these will become the future development direction of Smart Grid.This paper focuses on the status of the development of the Smart Grid, analyzing the driving force of the Smart Grid and introducing the current demonstration projects in China. It also discusses the relation between UHV power grid and Smart Grid, and then prospect the significance of Smart Grid in the future. A new direction for Chinese Smart Grid development is charted as well, which might be the reference for the development of Smart Grid in China.II. CONCEPT OF SMART GRIDSmart Grid is a gradual development process accompanied with the technology innovation, demands of energy saving and managements needs. People will have their own understandingfor Smart Grid, no matter if they are facility suppliers, IT companies, consulting firms, public power companies or power generation companies. From the earlier smart intelligence meteringto electrical intelligence, from transmission and distribution automation to a whole intelligent process, the concept of smart power grid has been enriched substantially [4]. In 2006, US IBM presented a "Smart Grid" solution. This is a relatively complete concept for current Smart Grid which indicates its official birth [5].As shown in Fig.1, a Smart Grid is basically overlaying the physical power system with an information system which links a variety of equipments and assets together with sensors to form a customer service platform. It allows the utility and consumers to constantly monitor and adjust electricity use. The management of operation will be more intelligent and scientific based on the dynamic analysis of needs both from user-side and demand side which can increase capital investment efficiency due to tighter design limits and optimized use of grid assets.In comparison with traditional grid, Smart Grid includes integrated communication systems, advanced Sensing,metering, measurement infrastructure, complete decision support and human interfaces.III. CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIESA. Comparison of researches in Smart Grid area between European and the United statesIn the United States, there were several large power outages in recent years. Because of which, electric power industry pays closer attention to power quality and reliability;customers draw out more requests for electricity supply. The ever-increasing demands of national security and environmental protection policy of the United States leads to the establishment of a higher standard for power grid construction and management [6]. At the same time, in recent years’ researches of basic materials, power and information technologies, breakthroughs have been achieved for implementation target which shows the significant improvement of reliability, efficiency in power network. Such as the emergence of superconducting cables, it assures Obama’s new gove rnment of United States has seen the daylights of the Smart Grid.Similarly, the European power users also raise higher requirements for electricity supply & power quality [7].Because of the extreme attention for environmental protection,compared with the construction of power grid in US,Europeans have more concerns about the construction of renewable energy access, the impact on wildlife, as well as the actively research on real-time monitoring and remotecontrolling.All is about to realize the "Plug & Play use" idea,ensuring a more friendly, flexible access and interaction with the user. In both Europe and United States, the most common direction for grid development is to seek new and renewable sources for energy generation. However, Smart Grid is not a fixed, static project, according to their particular status and main problems, all countries need to simplify the Smart Grid and make it adjusted to fit their own features.B. Driving force of the Smart Grid in ChinaThe drivers for Smart Grid construction can be concluded into market, circumstances, safety and power quality. Chinese power industry is also facing the similar situation as in Europe and the United States.At Market-oriented reforms level, the national network and unified national electricity market has not completely formed.In national wide, power exchanges are not effective; neither does the true meaning of the online bidding. From a long term view,China's transaction approaches of power markets and pricing structure is developing, market demand and supply sides will have more frequent interactions. In order to attract more users to join the market competition, power companies must improve their service, strengthen the interaction with users and provide more products for selection, so as to meet the demands of different types of users.At the macro policy level, the power industry needs to meet the requirements ofresource-saving and environment-friendly society’s construction, adapt to climate change and suitable for sustainable development.Regarding the Chinese power grid itself, a strong backbone network has not been built yet, and it is still not strong enough to withstand multiple faults circumstances. The regional power grid backbone is also in a lower stability level, which results in a limited flexibility for system operation, etc. The snow storm weather in early 2008 which led to a blackout in major area of China vividly exposed the weakness of the current Chinese grid in safeguard of electricity supply aspect.Moreover, the lack of intelligent power distribution leads to a regional, seasonal shortage of electricity and coexistent in some areas with both surplus & shortages of electricity.There still remain challenges that how to improve the efficiency of power investment and construction, how to ensure the security and reliability of power grid’s operation, to ensure power quality; how to improve the maintenance of power system; how to enhance the service quality to users, as well as how to improve the power grid management in China.For these issues, Smart Grid would be an ideal solution.C. Current research activities in ChinaIn the year of 2006, IBM published the guideline named ‘Establishing Smart Power Grid and Innovating Management Methods – A New Thought of the Development of Electric in China’. Directed at the current opportunities and challenges of the power grid companies in China, the guideline suggests improving the efficiency of electrical investments and construction, the stability of power grid, and the companies’service and ma nagement level through the construction of smart power grid and the innovation of management methods.Meanwhile, IBM proposed that it can provide a whole scheme - Solution Architecture for Energy (SAFT) for the power companies in China to use the smart power grid effectively. SAFT contains several parts: first is to improvethe digital level by connecting the equipments with sensors;Second is to establish the data collecting and integrating system; Third is to analyze: SAFT optimize the operating progress and management based on the analyzing of the data[5]. This is the bud of smart power grid in Chin.In October 2007, East China Power Grid Company embarked on the research area of the feasibility of smart power grid. The research project was not only correlated with the progress of those advanced companies and research facilities abroad, but also take the current situation and future needs of east china power grid into consideration. The result came out as, based on the high equipment level and strong technological innovation ability, the construction of smart power grid is feasible in east china power grid. East China Power Grid Company would follow the belief that‘Concerning the future and change fast with needs, and providing high quality service’, when bui lding smart power grid. There is a three step strategy with an advanced power grid distributing center built by 2010, the construction of digital power grid with primary intelligence completed by 2020, and a smart power grid with the ability of self-healing built by 2030 [8]. The construction plan is still under consideration.On Feb. 28, 2009, as a part of the smart power grid of East China Power Grid Company, the three-state security defense and power generation monitoring system passed the acceptance check in Beijing, which stands for stable-state,transient-state and dynamic-state. The system integrated three single systems altogether for the first time, which includes power management system, power grid dynamic wan monitor system and online stability analysis and warning system. The operator has full access to the whole view of the power grid operating situation andthe decision-making assistance without switching in systems or platforms. Besides, the system can effectively improve the management standardization and the level of flow of the related power plants through establishing the management checking platform and the assistance marketservice quality analyzing platform.The development of smart power grid research in China is slow and far behind the west. So far, only East China Power Grid Company and North China Power Grid Company have carried out researches about the developing and implementation plan. It is a tradition for China to emphasize technology development, and in fact, the equipments in China are more advanced than those in developed countries. Thus,smart power grid has a bright prospect in China.IV. PROSPECTS OF SMART GRID IN CHINAIn order to solve the problems of imbalance distribution for generation resources and power loads, the transmission capacity should be enhanced by building long-distance and large-capacity power transmission systems. And unity or united UHV power grids should be constructed under coordinated plan. The transmission of power on a large scale from west and north China to middle and east China can reduce the pressure of energy in the east China and the pressure of transmission and environmental protection.Furthermore, this can expedite the conversion from resource advantage to economy advantage and realize the coordinated development of nation economy. Chinese politics system,economic environment and management system also promotes UHV power grids in its development. At present, China is studying the future large power grids technology and has the ability to construct the national united power grids. On Jan, 16,2009, the first UHV power line in China was finished and put into operation.Unity or united UHV power grid, distributed power generating or scattered interactive power supplying grid are the trends of development. China, as the delegate in unity or united UHV power grid development trend, is different from any western countries. In China, is it in contradiction to develop both UHV power grid and Smart Grid? Though the large power grid with linkage effect has the advantage of optimizing the resources, it has the potential risk of power outage in large area. The ability to control the large power grid and maintain its stability is required by the fast development of power grid. And the smart power gird with self-healing and high reliability matches such requirements.Thus, smart power grid is the direction of China power grid development while building UHV power grid and the grid of different level, as well as improving the operating and management level of the grid.According to the precondition and the background of UHVpower grid development in current China, the aspects which should be paid more attention on are as follows:Smart Planning: The power grid should become selfhealing and smart. The ability of power grid planning optimization should be enhanced. So should be the ability of receive-side power grid planning, on the premise of the UHV AC/ DC feed-in and differentvoltage level coordinated development. The most important thing is to change the concepts and methods of power planning, and to make the traditional power development concept such like regarding building new power stations as a wide-ranging concept of resourcesdistribution.Smart Operation: The dispatching pattern is developing towards a coordinated control direction, aiming at the enhancement of control and mastering of large power grid. The future Smart Grid should be coordinated with a matching control center equipped with more advanced power system management ability, for the purpose of improving the functions and performanceof existing EMS, MOS, WAMMAP system in an integral manner, at the same time to track down the correlations between different power grid monitoring and controlling indexes,and to construct a logic structure based power system monitoring and controlling index system. Through thegradual process of implementation of dynamic security monitoring, power system pre-alarm processing and precontrol,much more accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the operation state of the power systemcan be obtained, based on which, the most effective and timely measures and actions can be taken to fulfill the power system control and dispatching strategy, finally to improve the safeguard of the whole power system’sstability and security.Smart Management: The management pattern of power system is undergoing an evolution from vertical mode to distributed mode, from function management to process management, from grid construction to both construction and operation modes.V. CONCLUSIONSmart Grid is a hot spot in today's electric power system,also regarded as one of the vanes in 21st century for the major scientific and technological innovation and development in power system. Many countries in the world are involved in this big trend, and have set up a lot of Smart Grid demonstration projects and test platforms. Also, the theoretical and experimental research in Smart Grid has made some achievements. The international exchanges have greatly promoted the development of Smart Grid. Because of China's electricity distribution and extremely uneven distribution of electricity load, it is the right time to develop special highvoltage power grid. As the development of Smart Grid is still at the very beginning stage of our country, how to combine the special high-voltage power grids with intelligent power grid is the main problem confronted. The direction to development and the characteristics of smart power grids in China are still open for our experts and scholars for further study.VI. REFERENCES[1] David G. Hart, " Using AMI to Realize the Smart Grid," in Proc. 2008IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion andDelivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, pp. 1-2.[2] S. Massoud Amin and B.F. Wollenberg, “Toward a Smart Grid: powerdeli very for the 21st century,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol.3, No. 5 Sept.-Oct. 2005, pp. 34-41.[3] D. Divan and H. Johal, “A Smarter Grid for Improving SystemReliability and Asset Utilization,” Power Electronics and MotionControl Conference, August, 2006.[4] Tai, H. and Hogain, E.O., “Behind the buzz [In My View]," IEEE Trans.Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 7, pp. 96 - 92, Mar.-Apr. 2009.[5] Fujie Sun, Ming Lei and Chengbin Yang, “Establishing Smart PowerGrid and Innovating Management Methods– A New Thought of theDevelopment of Electric in China," IBM Corp, [Online]. Available:[6] Richard E. Brown, " Impact of Smart Grid on distribution systemdesign," in Proc. 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting- Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, pp.1-4.[7] European Commission, Directorate-General for Research, “Draft -Strategic Deployment Document for Europe’s Electricity Networks ofthe future”, 2008[8] Junqing Shuai, Aiming at the forefront and Establishing SmartGrid, State Grid, issue 2, pp.54-57, 2008.VII. BIOGRAPHIESJingjing Lu was born in Hunan, China in 1985. Shereceived her B.Sc. degree in electrical engineeringfrom Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,China in 200 . Now she is a gradate student ofDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaoong University in Shanghai, China. She mainlyfocuses her research on power system simulation,FACTS and Smart Grid.Da Xie (M’03) was born in Heilongjiang, China in1969. He received his B.Sc. degree in electricalengineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China in 1991, the M.Sc. degree inelectrical engineering from Harbin Institute ofTechnology, Harbin, China in 1996,and the Ph.D.degree in electrical engineering from Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China in 1999. Now heis associate professor in Shanghai Jiao TongUniversity, EE department. He mainly focuses hisresearch on FACTS and power system simulation.Qian Ai (M’03) was born in Hubei, China in1969.He received the B.Sc. degree in electricalengineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China, the M.Sc. degree in electricalengineering from Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering fromTsinghua University, Beijing, China. He worked asa Research Fellow from 1999 to 2002 in NanyangTechnological University, Singapore, and theUniversity of Bath, Bath, U.K. He is currently anAssociate Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His interests includepower system modeling, power quality, FACTS and Micro grid.对中国智能电网的研究摘要 -智能电网是电力系统的未来发展的新方向。
英文版电饭煲使用说明
Heading: How to Use an Electric CookerIntroductory explanation: Nowadays, the electric cooker is a common household to make rice cooking more efficient and easy. People just press the button and wait about half an hour, then they can enjoy the tasty rice. Tools or materials: an electric cooker, electricity, rice, water Warnings:a.Do not use metal brush or other coarse brush to wipe the inner pot, soas not to damage the inner pot.b.No foreign matter is mixed between the inner pot and the electricheating plate.c.Wait for about ten minutes after key switch automatically bounce tomake sure the rice is outright cooked.d.After using the electric cooker, unplug the power plug in time and drythe inner pot off.Background information: None.Sequenced instructions:a.Clean the rice you need to cook and put the rice into the inner pot,then add the relative water into the pot. The proportion between rice and water is 1to 1.15 or 1.2.b.Dry the surface of the inner pot and put it on the heating plate. Andmake sure the rice is smooth.c.Gently down the lid with hands pressed down until you hear a clicksound.d.Plug the power cord into the socket at the bottom of the electric ricecooker and plug the power cord into the wall socket.e.Press the button of rice and the rice cooker start to work. Then thebutton will bounce when the rice is cooked automatically.Trouble-shooting guide:Check whether the electricity, connection or other parts are normal or not. If the rice cooker still cannot function well, please call us for help. The following is our telephone number: 400-889-9315。
日本电饭煲中英文对照表
日本电饭煲中英文对照表1. 完全自动电饭煲中文名称：完全自动电饭煲英文名称： Fully Automatic Rice Cooker简介：完全自动电饭煲是一种能够自动煮熟米饭的厨房电器。
它通过内置的传感器和智能控制系统来监测和控制烹饪过程，以确保米饭可以煮熟并保持在适宜的温度。
除了煮饭，一些完全自动电饭煲还提供其他功能，例如煮粥、煮面、蒸煮和保温。
2. 米种选择中文名称：米种选择英文名称： Rice Type Selection简介：米种选择是指在使用电饭煲时可以根据不同类型的米选择相应的烹饪模式。
不同种类的米具有不同的特点和口感，例如大米、糯米、糙米等。
通过在电饭煲上选择正确的米种，可以根据不同要求烹饪出不同口感的米饭。
3. 烹饪模式中文名称：烹饪模式英文名称： Cooking Mode简介：烹饪模式是电饭煲上的预设模式，用于根据不同的米种和烹饪需求选择合适的煮饭方式。
典型的烹饪模式包括普通、快煮、糙米、煮粥等。
不同的烹饪模式会对煮饭时间、温度和火力进行自动调整，以保证米饭可以煮熟并达到理想的口感。
4. 保温功能中文名称：保温功能英文名称： Keep Warm Function简介：保温功能是电饭煲上的一项重要功能，它能够在米饭煮熟后将其保持在适宜的温度，以避免米饭变硬或变凉。
通常，电饭煲会在烹饪完成后自动切换到保温模式，并根据需要调整温度以保持米饭的口感和香气。
5. 蒸煮功能中文名称：蒸煮功能英文名称： Steaming Function简介：蒸煮功能是电饭煲上的一项附加功能，它允许用户在煮饭的同时，利用煮饭蒸煮其他食物，如蔬菜、鱼类等。
电饭煲通常配有专用的蒸煮盘，用户可以将食物放在蒸煮盘上，通过电饭煲的蒸煮功能进行蒸煮。
6. 煮粥功能中文名称：煮粥功能英文名称： Congee Function简介：煮粥功能是电饭煲上的一项特殊功能，用于煮制稠密的粥类食物。
相比于普通的米饭烹饪模式，煮粥功能会延长煮饭时间和调整火力，以确保米饭充分煮烂并成为软糯的粥。
【中英】保温式自动电饭煲说明书 2
【中英对照】保温式自动电饭煲说明书Automatic Electric Cooker Heat Preservation Type保温式自动电饭煲，用磁性元件控制煮饭，且有自动保温元件在饭熟后保持饭温。
本产品外形美观，结构精密，使用简便，坚固耐用，耗电少，有良好的绝缘性能。
Automatic Electric Cooker is equipped with a Permanent Magnetic Controlling System. It is good-looking in design, exquisite and solid in construction, and easy to control, with low power consumption and excellent insulation properties.使用说明instructions1. 把米洗净，倒进锅中：1. Cleaning and putting the rice into the Pan.把米用其他容器洗净后倒进煲内，不宜直接用内煲洗米，以免内煲受到碰撞引起变形，影响使用。
After cleaning the rice in another container, put it into the Pan. Becareful not to wash the rice directly in the Pan; otherwise the Pan may be deformed by bumping prejudicial to the performance of the Cooker.2. 内煲刻度，供放米和水参考用：2. Water and Marks on the Pan.塑料杯按照一杯米约加121杯水的比例。
刻度左边以公升为单位，即把量好洗净的米放进煲内，然后加水至该刻度线。
例如量米0.8公升，水便加到0.8线上。
智能电饭煲控制器中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料对照外文翻译外文资料译文智能电饭煲执行使用spmc65p2404a摘要:：份文件的目的是介绍如何使用spmc65p2404a单片机作为主控制器，合模糊控制实施智能电饭煲控制器。
关键字：机,模/数转换,温度控制, 继电器1引言大部分电饭锅,就今天的市场热起来,在选择机械方式或额定功率模式中,低能源利用率和单一的功能不能满足人民群众日益增长的生活需求。
在这种情况下,就显得极为必要建立一种智能型电饭煲多功能,安全性及可靠性。
它经历了许多阶段,机械电饭锅发展成为智能化的。
三大类型,其中包括微机, 电脑和机器有十种模式便应运而生由于突出高科技手段应用于电气炊具; 此外,他们转而将更加多样化和时尚的基础上漂亮好菜。
除了价格低廉,机械电饭锅勉强满足人们的需求,为现代高品质的生活, 而聪明的是由微机控制或电脑成功,有以下几个特点：为本的界面设计,让用户能看到运行状态easefully ；烹调过程是自动由计算机控制；外太空的"黑水晶" ,是采取内锅的超硬度,优异耐磨耐用性和永恒的血染。
所有特征匹配的现代概念,节省时间,节省劳力和耐久性。
智能电饭锅具有以下功能：,快速升温,少量做饭, 45分钟稀饭,稀饭2h时, 汤料的1H和2H汤；他们个性化的操作界面很容易让使用者控制烹饪。
用得多能力,同时沸腾水稻只智能电饭锅起到不可或缺的作用,在我们的日常生活中。
它的发明非常的智能控制,使今日的生活更加简单和方便。
2使用步骤电气烹调过程的控制水分的吸收量,供热时间,温度控制的过程,维持沸腾时间, 保温过程中,炖过程是精彩的烹饪。
烹饪过程,就是一个把β淀粉多吸收和消化α淀粉。
大量的实践已经证明,一个完善的烹煮过程可以细分为以下几个步骤：水吸收,使水稻吸收更多的水尽可能在适当的温度,使米饭将螺好完美的品味好多了。
赖斯将吸收更多的水,随着温度升高而降低。
然而,当温度高于60℃,βstarch将改建为αstarch转为糊。
电饭煲单片机智能控制系统设计说明
瓷学院本科生毕业设计（论文）中文题目：电饭煲单片机智能控制系统英文题目：Intelligent Rice Cooker SCM Control System毕业论文（设计）诚信声明本人声明：所呈交的毕业论文（设计）是在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果，论文中引用他人的文献、数据、图表、资料均已作明确标注，论文中的结论和成果为本人独立完成，真实可靠，不包含他人成果及已获得或其他教育机构的学位或证书使用过的材料。
与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了意。
论文（设计）作者签名：日期：年月日毕业论文（设计）使用授权书本毕业论文（设计）作者同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文（设计）的复印件和电子版，允许论文（设计）被查阅和借阅。
本人授权农业大学可以将本毕业论文（设计）全部或部分容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本毕业论文（设计）。
本人离校后发表或使用该毕业论文（设计）或与该论文（设计）直接相关的学术论文或成果时，单位署名为。
论文（设计）作者签名：日期：年月日指导教师签名：日期：年月日摘要随着人们生活水平的提高，用微电脑控制的模糊电饭煲已经逐渐走入人们的日常生活。
本课题从实际工程出发，对基于模糊技术的电饭煲控制系统设计和应用进行了深入的研究。
电饭煲是一种典型的模糊对象，其特性随着其装载物的量和种类的不同而大大不同，而煮饭功能则是电饭煲的主要功能，同时也是衡量电饭煲控制系统优劣的关键功能，因此，本文在控制系统的软件设计方面重点研究了电饭煲的煮饭功能。
准确地判断出米量是电饭煲能够实现最佳控制效果的重要保障。
所以，本文着重讨论了在电饭煲煮饭过程中，如何利用模糊推理法进行米量的判断。
首先通过大量的前期实验和测试，在具体了解米量的大小给系统的状态带来的影响的基础上，选用合适的输入变量用“试错法”设计了一种二维的模糊推理机，并详细讨论了其推理过程。
带语音的智能电饭煲控制器(DOC)
、本科毕业设计 (论文)带语音的智能电饭煲控制器的设计Design of Intelligent Controller of Electric Rice Cooker with Voice学院：__ 理学院______________ 专业班级：___ 光信息科学与技术光信121__ 学生姓名：___、__ 学 号：、指导教师：__ 、______2016 年 06 月目录1 概述 (1)2 智能电饭煲可实现的功能 (1)2.1 电饭煲煮饭原理 (1)2.2 控制器功能介绍 (2)2.3 设计方案介绍 (5)3 STC12C5A60S2单片机的硬件及软件编程环境 (5)3.1 STC12C5A60S2单片机简介 (5)3.2 控制器硬件介绍 (7)3.2.1 温度传感器DS18B20 (7)3.2.2 时钟芯片DS1302 (9)3.2.3 液晶FYD12864 (9)3.2.4 音频解码芯片MP3-TF-16P (10)3.3 软件编译环境 (10)4 系统硬件设计 (11)4.1 系统硬件设计 (11)4.1.1 芯片简介 (11)4.1.2 电源滤波电路 (12)4.1.3 复位电路 (12)5 系统软件设计 (13)5.1 主程序介绍 (13)5.2 主程序流程说明 (13)结论 (14)致谢.............................................. 错误!未定义书签。
参考文献.. (15)1 概述电饭煲，又被人们叫作电锅、电饭锅，是一种新型多功能的烹饪器具，能够将电能转化成内能。
当今时代，科学技术迅猛发展，科技产品日新月异。
人们在日常生活中对各类家用电器也提出了越来越多的要求，电饭煲也不例外。
它经历了从简单到复杂，从纯手动到半自动化、全自动化和智能化产品升级的过程。
然而，由于智能化电饭煲价格居高不下，不能被大众家庭接受。
一种领先于老式电饭煲，且价格低廉、具有语音功能的人性化的电饭煲的设计是有相当大的市场竞争力的。
毕业设计英文翻译-智能热能表控制器外文翻译-中英文文献对照翻译
外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：Intelligent thermal energy meter controllerAbstractA microcontroller based, thermal energy meter cum controller (TEMC) suitable for solar thermal systems has been developed. It monitors solar radiation, ambient temperature,fluid flow rate, and temperature of fluid at various locations of the system and computes the energy transfer rate. It also controls the operation of the fluid-circulating pumpdepending on the temperature difference across the solar collector field. The accuracyof energy measurement is ±1.5%. The instrument has been tested in a solar water heatingsystem. Its operation became automatic with savings in electrical energy consumption ofpump by 30% on cloudy days.1 IntroductionSolar water heating systems find wide applications in industry to conserve fossil fuel like oil, coal etc. They employ motor driven pumps for circulating water with on-offcontrollers and calls for automatic operation. Reliability and performance of the system depend on the instrumentation and controls employed. Multi-channel temperature recorders, flow meters, thermal energy meters are the essential instruments for monitoring andevaluating the performance of these systems. A differential temperature controller (DTC) is required in a solar water heating system for an automatic and efficient operation ofthe system. To meet all these requirements, a microcontroller based instrument wasdeveloped. Shoji Kusui and Tetsuo Nagai [1] developed an electronic heat meter formeasuring thermal energy using thermistors as temperature sensors and turbine flow meter as flow sensor.2 Instrument detailsThe block diagram of the microcontroller (Intel 80C31) based thermal energy meter cum controller is shown in Fig. 1. RTD (PT100, 4-wire) sensors are used for the temperaturemeasurement of water at the collector field inlet, outlet and in the tank with appropriate signal conditioners designed with low-drift operational amplifiers. A precision semiconductor temperature sensor (LM335) is used for ambient temperature measurement. A pyranometer, having an output voltage of 8.33 mV/kW/m2, is used for measuring the incident solar radiation. To monitor the circulating fluid pressure, a sensor with 4–20 mA output is used. This output is converted into voltage using an I-V converter. All these outputsignals are fed to an 8-channel analog multiplexer (CD4051). Its output is fed to adual-slope 12-bit A/D converter (ICL7109). It is controlled by the microcontroller through the Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI-82C55).Fig. 1. Block diagram of thermal energy meter cum controller.A flow sensor (turbine type) is used with a signal conditioner to measure the flowrate. Its output is fed to the counter input of the microcontroller. It is programmed tomonitor all the multiplexed signals every minute, compute the temperature difference,energy transfer rate and integrated energy. A real-time clock with MM58167 is interfacedto the microcontroller to time-stamp the logged data. An analog output (0–2 V) is provided using D/A converter (DAC-08) to plot both the measured and computed parameters. A 4×4 matrix keyboard is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter the parameters like specificheat of liquid, data log rate etc. An alphanumeric LCD display (24-character) is alsointerfaced with the microcontroller to display the measured variables. The serialcommunication port of the microcontroller is fed to the serial line driver and receiver(MAX232). It enables the instrument to interface with the computer for down-loading thelogged data. A battery-backed static memory of 56K bytes is provided to store the measured parameters. Besides data logging, the instrument serves as a DTC. This has been achievedby interfacing a relay to the PPI. The system software is developed to accept thedifferential temperature set points (ΔT on and ΔT off) from the keyboard. An algorithmsuitable for on-off control having two set-points is implemented to control the relays.3 Instrument calibrationThe amount of energy transferred (Q) is :Where = mass flows rate of liquid kg/s ; V = volumetric flow rate (l/h) ; ρ= density of water (kg/l) ; Cp = specific heat (kJ/kg°C); and ΔT = temperature difference between hot and cold (°C).The accuracy in energy measurement depends on the measurement accuracy of individual parameters. Temperature measurement accuracy depends on the initial error in the sensorand the error introduced due to temperature drifts in the signal conditioners and the A/D converter. The temperature sensor is immersed in a constant temperature bath (HAAKE B ath-K, German), whose temperature can be var ied in steps of 0.1°C. A mercury glass thermometer (ARNO A MARELL, Germany) with a resolution of 0.05°C is also placed along with PT100 sensor in the bath. This is compared with the instrument readings. The accuracy of the instrument in temperature measurem ent is ±0.1°C. Hence, the accuracy in differential temperature measurement is ±0.2°C.The flow sensor having a maximum flow rate of 1250 l/h is used for flow measurement.It is calibrated by fixing it in the upstream of a pipeline of length 8 m. The sensor output is connected to a digital frequency counter to monitor the number of pulses generated withdifferent flow rates. Water collected at the sensor outlet over a period is used forestimating the flow rate. The K-factor of the sensor is 3975 pulses/l. The uncertaintyin flow measurement is ±0.25% at 675 l/h. Uncertainties in density and specific heat ofwater are ±0.006 kg/l and ±0.011 kJ/kg°C respectively.Maximum amount of energy collection (Q) = 675×0.98×4.184×15/3600 = 11.53kW. Uncertainty in energy measurementωq/Q = [(ωv/V)2 + (ωρ/ρ)2 + (ωcp/Cp)2+(ωt/T )2]1/2.Inaccuracy in electronic circuitry is ±0.03 kW.The net inaccuracy in energy measurement is ±1.5%4 Field testThe instrument is incorporated in a solar water heating system as shown in Fig. 2.It consists of five solar flat plate collectors having an absorber area of 1.6 m2 each. The absorber is a fin and tube extruded from aluminium and painted with matt black paint. The collectors are mounted on a rigid frame facing south at an angle equal to the latitude of Bangalore (13°N). They are arranged in parallel configuration and connected to athermally insulated 500 l capacity storage tank. A 0.25 hp pump is used for circulatingthe water through the collector field. All the pipelines are thermally insulated. Thetemperature sensors and the flow sensor are incorporated in the system as shown in Fig.2. The data on solar radiation, ambient temperature, water flow rate, solar collector inlet and outlet temperatures and the system heat output are monitored at regular intervals.Fig. 2. Solar water heating system with thermal energy meter cum controller.The performance of the solar water heating system with TEMC on a partial cloudy dayis shown in Fig. 3. It is observed that DTC switched OFF the pump around 14:40 h as thereis no further energy gain by the collector field. This in turn reduced the heat lossesfrom the collector to ambient. Experiments are conducted with and without DTC o n both sunny and cloudy days. The DTC operated system shows the savings in electrical energy by 30%on a partial cloudy day and 8% on a sunny day. The variation in system output with andwithout DTC i s around 3%. Thus the controller has not only served as an energy conservation device, but also switches ON/OFF the system automatically depending on the availabilityof solar radiation. The collector field output (shown in Fig. 3) is calculated by measuring the fluid flow rate using volumetric method and the temperature difference with anotherpair of standard thermometers. It is 16.86 kWh. It is compared with the instrument reading 17.18 kWh. Thus, the deviation is 1.9%. Fig. 3 shows that the solar collector fieldefficiency is 54% when the incident solar irradiation is 31.75 kWh.Fig. 3. Performance of SWH system with TEMC on a partial cloudy day.5 Concluding remarksTEMC is used as on-line instrument in solar water heating systems for the measurement of thermal energy, temperature, flow rate with simultaneous control on the operation ofthe pump t o save electrical energy and enhance the thermal energy collection. Since several options are provided in the instrument, it can be used for monitoring the energy transfer rate in other thermal systems.AcknowledgementsThe authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India forproviding the financial assistance to carry out the above work.References1. Shoji Kusui, Tetsuo Nagai. An electronic integrating heat meter. IEEE Trans. onInstrumentation and Measurement, 1990;39(5):785-789.中文翻译：智能热能表控制器摘要适用于太阳能热系统的单片机热能表控制器（TEMC）已经研制成功。
智能电饭煲作文500字
智能电饭煲作文500字英文回答：The smart rice cooker is a revolutionary appliance that has transformed the way people cook rice. It is an advanced kitchen appliance that combines the convenience of a traditional rice cooker with the added benefits of automation and connectivity.中文回答：智能电饭煲是一种革命性的电器，它改变了人们煮饭的方式。
它是一种先进的厨房电器，结合了传统电饭煲的便利性以及自动化和连接的附加好处。
英文回答：One of the most significant advantages of a smart rice cooker is its ability to cook rice perfectly every time. The rice cooker uses advanced sensors to monitor thetemperature and moisture levels of the rice, ensuring thatit is cooked to the desired consistency.中文回答：智能电饭煲最显着的好处之一是它能够每次都煮出完美的米饭。
电饭煲使用先进的传感器来监测米饭的温度和湿度水平，确保其煮熟至理想的一致性。
英文回答：Another notable feature of smart rice cookers is their ability to connect to the internet. This allows users to control the rice cooker remotely through a mobile app.Users can set cooking times, adjust settings, and receive notifications when the rice is cooked.中文回答：智能电饭煲的另一个显着特点是它们能够连接到互联网。
外文翻译-----智能家用电热水器控制器
附录3The Controller of the Domestic Electric Water-Heater1.The perspectives of applianceWater-heater is a kind of domestic electric appliance which can be used in bathroom, wash room and kitchen. The types of water-heater available in the market at present includes: electric water-heater, solar water-heater, gas water-heater. To be specifically in China, the use of solar water-heater is limited by the weather and the scope for use is narrow while gas water-hater is fueled by petrol and gas, the supply of which will be difficult to meet the increasing demands and bad for environment. So the electric water-heater has become more and more popular among customers. According to statistics from Chinese commercial federation not long ago, the market share of electric water-heater in sales volume and sales revenue has surpassed the gas water-heater which keeps ahead for along time. It is predicted by this federation that driven by the larger-scale reconstructing of the electric network in the city and the extensive startup of the housing market in the city, the market for electric water-heater will present the strong growth tendency in the next few years.2. The Goal for DesignThere are two kinds of electric water-heaters available in the market at present: the continual fluent type and water storage type. Considering the special demand of the moist working conditions on single chip, we adopt the newly promoted MC68HC08 single chip by Motorola to be the control center. With its high resistance to interference, steady working, flash memory and so on, this single chip can satisfy the demand of the electric water-heater with high performance. Also considering the fierce competition in domestic appliances industry, we will realize these functions by using components as simple as possible to reduce the cost. We will make full use of the internal and outer functions to enhance the performance-to-price ratio. With few improvements, it can be produced massively with low cost in practice.3. The LZC-CI Hardware Design3.1 Technology Standards and CharacteristicsThe main function of the controller is to control the temperature. Besides that, it has to realize the following functions:To display the real-time temperature of water, the range is 0~99℃.To set the temperature of water arbitrarily within 20~80℃.Have the function of appointment which enables 24 hour turning on setting willfully.Have LTD to display real-time temperature digitally. When setting, the temperature and the time set will be displayed by flicker and the controller will have instructions of appointment, heat preservation and heating.Able to look over and revise the time of system.Equipped with remote controller, the control will be easy and simple.Cut the power swiftly when temperature is too high and alarm.When electricity leaks, cut the power swiftly and propose alarming.When the power is cut, the data set can be preserved.3.2 The Structure of the SystemThe system consists of two main parts: the main controller of water-heater and the remote controller, realized by two pieces of 68hc908gr8 respectively.3.2.1 The Power Supply and the Clock CircuitThe power circuit consists of the transformation bridge, the rectification bridge, the filter resistance, the pressure sensitive resistance and integration voltage-stabilizer circuit MC7812T and MC7805T, which can provide +5V and the +12V power source for the controller. OutsideOSC1 and OSC2, 8 kHz crystal oscillator is connected with the circuit.3.2.2 The KeyboardThe function of controlling and the enactment of parameters are realized by the pressing the keys. The two keys o f the system’s main controller complete directly the functions of heating and the inquiring of the water level, using the keyboard severance pattern and PTA2, PTA3 as the input entrance of the pressing. The keyboard of the remote controller is designed into matrix type. The pressing of the keys will initiate the keyboard severance, by scanning from line to line; the number of the key can be judged and then sent to the register for preservation and the delivering. The main procedure will deal with it in the keyboard procedure after receiving the number of the key. Since there will be vibration at the moment of turning on and off, the design uses software time delay to eliminate the vibration.3.2.3 The Display CircuitConsidering that the working environment is humid, the main controller takes LED Nixie tube to display. It takes the main way of SPI to expand two piece of 74LS164 as the output orifice of the static demonstration of the seven-segment display. When there is no pressing, the main controller will display the current temperature of water and the remote controller will display the current time; when setting or inquiring, the remote controller and main controller will flash to display the information set or inquired while when stopping pressing, the display will automatically back to normal.3.2.4 The Real-time Temperature of Water and the Circuit of Water-Level DetectingThe thermistor will transmit the temperature information into the voltage information and then will be input into CPU by the PTB0 A/D transformation module. After checking, the real-time temperature will be deduced. The circuit of water-level detecting consists of the parallel connection of three resistances with different resistance value. The electricity of the electrode is small (only several microamperes), thus the erosion is little which suits the wide range variety of the resistance of water(10K一100K O). When the water of level of certain resistance doesn’t arrive where the resistance is, the resistance will not work; when the water-level arrives, the three resistances are linked into parallel connection. The information of water-level can be judged by transforming voltages from different resistances through PTB1 (high, middle, low and burning).3.2.5 The Detecting of Electricity Leaking and Alarming CircuitSince the working environment of water-heater is humid, the controller should be able to detect the electricity leaking to ensure the safety of the user. Under normal circumstance, the electric current passing the magnetic circle is the same but with opposite directions. The magnetic detecting circle wouldn’t sense any signal of electric current and the integrated circuit of electricity leaking detecting will output low electric level. When the electric current leaks, the electric current passing the magnetic circle is lopsided. The detecting circuit will detect the signal of electricity leaking and magnify the electric level output through the integrated circuit M54123L and then will be output into CPU after inverting by audion. Receiving the signal of electricityleaking, the CPU will stop heating and preservation and the operation of keyboards, ends the operation and sends alarming signal. The electricity light will flicker to warn and the buzzer will buzz continuously.Generally speaking, CPU will send out a reliable pulse for leaking protection every 10ms to replace the ordinary detecting switch and control the connection of crystal tube. So the electric current passing the magnetic circle is larger than 10 MA, which will be detected by the detecting magnetic circle as stimulant signal for leaking, magnified by M54123L and inverted by audion and then output to CPU.CPU will judge whether the detection is eligible. If there is signal, the detection is eligible and can go on working; if there is no signal, the detection is not eligible and heating, preservation and keyboard operations will stop automatically. CPU will end whole operations and send out alarm. The light for power will flicker to warn and the buzzer will buzz continuously to ensure the safe use of the electric water-heater. When the leaking detection protection and detection are not eligible, we have to turn off the power, obviate the obstacles, switch on again and then the water-heater will work.3.2.6 The Protection Circuit When Heating and Relay Are Out of ControlUnder normal working conditions, the two repays can carry on double-pole separation of power to ensure that when heating stops, the heating system is completely isolated from the electricity outside. It is almost impossible for two relay to have a screw loose simultaneously, however, during the normal life of electric water-heater, it is possible that one relay will have a screw loose. If it is not dealt with in time, the other relay will possibly have the same problem later which may result real danger. So the key to solve this problem is that the system can detect as soon as one relay has problems and can relay on the other normal relay to carry on the protection measures of the system and detect the sticking and disconnection of the two relays.3.2.7 The Remote ControllerThe remote controller utilizes simple controlling circuit which doesn’t decrease the functions. Some hardware circuits will be realized by software and the interference resisting has been considered. Since the supply for buttery has to save energy, the remote controller uses the low-consumption model. When the system is not working, it stops. When it begins working, one has to use the keyboard signal to end the low-consumption model and turn into normal (press the key to evoke the system). The low voltage resetting can be achieved by MC34064. The keyboard is designed into matrix type with two lines and has connected by PTA0~PTA3 orifice. When set for keyboard, the pressing of keyboard will result to the stopping, making the system back to normal. The crystal oscillator is 6MHZ. The infrared signal output uses the software encoding method. The software of the main controller will decode. In order to reduce cost, LCD display is used. 4543 drive and decoding used for driving.4. The Software DesignThe whole programs consist of the main program, service intermitting program and numerous subprogram of functional model. Among them, the main program includes the transmitting subprogram (the level and temperature of water), subprogram of keyboard dealing and displaying, subprogram of heating controlling (the function of output comparison is used), subprogram of infrared signal receiving, the subprogram of leaking and burning protection, subprogram of calendric clock of the TBM module, subprogram of data-preserving, subprogram for delaying, etc. The intermitting includes time intermitting, keyboard inputting intermitting, TIM inputting intermitting, TBM module intermitting, etc. The programs of remote includessubprogram of pressing dealing, subprogram of infrared signal sending, subprogram of LCD displaying, subprogram of calendric clock of the TBM module.4.1 The Main ProgramThe main program has to initialize the working parameters of the system, mainly that of CPU timer, COP module, A/D transforming, the intermitting of keys, etc. Later, the main program alternatively uses the subprograms of each functional module. The dealing the relative incidents relies on the flag bit and the judgment of flag bit.4.2 The subprogram of keyboard dealing and displayingThis program is mainly designed to judge the electric level of the orifice I/O. when the keys are pressed, the keyboard is in a static state, while when stopping pressing, relative dealings will be carried on. When setting and inquiring, the keys will flicker to display the result of setting and inquiring, or the real-time temperature of water is displayed.4.3 The Subprogram of Heating ControllingThis program is used to judge whether there is appointment and heating and to deal with it according to the procedures. To avoid the frequent starting of the heating wire, the heating controlling adopts the hysteretic error controlling. When heating stops, the heating wire will start work only when the real-time temperature of water is lower than the target temperature for some distance. There are two kinds of heating to satisfy different powers: rapid heating and ordinary heating. In normal and appointment, ordinary heating is uses to control the power of electricity.4.4 The Subprogram of Remote Signal DealingSending: press the key with remote controller, set the flag bit, get the number of the key through dynamic scanning and send the coding by output comparison according to the flag bit and the number of the key; Receiving: get the signal by input catching, set the flag bit and read the number of the key and submit to main program to deal with.4.5 The Subprogram for DelayingThe whole system would use the subprogram for timing and delaying in many situations, like when the keyboard judges to eliminate vibration, the display of flicker and fading display, input catching and calendric clock, etc.4.6 The protection SubprogramIn normal situation, the leaking detection will output low electric level. Once the electricity leaks, the electricity output is high and will be cut off. The whole circuit of power will be cut off as soon as possible by the protection circuit to ensure the safety of the user. When the temperature is too high or too low, the heating will be turned off automatically and the buzzer will buzz to warn.5. The Extension of the DesignWith the development of information technology, intelligent domestic appliances will gradually step into families. Based on this design, making use of the resources of 68HC908GR8 and SCI and USB module to connect domestic appliances with computer and internet by telephone wire, they can be controlled from long-distance, thus making life easy and convenient..智能家用电热水器控制器1.应用前景热水器是一种可供浴室，洗手间及厨房使用的家用电器。
智能控制系统毕业论文中英文资料对照外文翻译文献
智能控制系统中英文资料对照外文翻译文献附录一：外文摘要The development and application of Intelligence controlsystemModern electronic products change rapidly is increasingly profound impact on people's lives, to people's life and working way to bring more convenience to our daily lives, all aspects of electronic products in the shadow, single chip as one of the most important applications, in many ways it has the inestimable role. Intelligent control is a single chip, intelligent control of applications and prospects are very broad, the use of modern technology tools to develop an intelligent, relatively complete functional software to achieve intelligent control system has become an imminent task. Especially in today with MCU based intelligent control technology in the era, to establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance so well on the subject later more fully understanding of SCM are of great help to.The so-called intelligent monitoring technology is that:" the automatic analysis and processing of the information of the monitored device". If the monitored object as one's field of vision, and intelligent monitoring equipment can be regarded as the human brain. Intelligent monitoring with the aid of computer data processing capacity of the powerful, to get information in the mass data to carry on the analysis, some filtering of irrelevant information, only provide some key information. Intelligent control to digital, intelligent basis, timely detection system in the abnormal condition, and can be the fastest and best way to sound the alarm and provide usefulinformation, which can more effectively assist the security personnel to deal with the crisis, and minimize the damage and loss, it has great practical significance, some risk homework, or artificial unable to complete the operation, can be used to realize intelligent device, which solves a lot of artificial can not solve the problem, I think, with the development of the society, intelligent load in all aspects of social life play an important reuse.Single chip microcomputer as the core of control and monitoring systems, the system structure, design thought, design method and the traditional control system has essential distinction. In the traditional control or monitoring system, control or monitoring parameters of circuit, through the mechanical device directly to the monitored parameters to regulate and control, in the single-chip microcomputer as the core of the control system, the control parameters and controlled parameters are not directly change, but the control parameter is transformed into a digital signal input to the microcontroller, the microcontroller according to its output signal to control the controlled object, as intelligent load monitoring test, is the use of single-chip I / O port output signal of relay control, then the load to control or monitor, thus similar to any one single chip control system structure, often simplified to input part, an output part and an electronic control unit ( ECU )Intelligent monitoring system design principle function as follows: the power supply module is 0~220V AC voltage into a0 ~ 5V DC low voltage, as each module to provide normal working voltage, another set of ADC module work limit voltage of 5V, if the input voltage is greater than 5V, it can not work normally ( but the design is provided for the load voltage in the 0~ 5V, so it will not be considered ), at the same time transformer on load current is sampled on the accused, the load current into a voltage signal, and then through the current - voltage conversion, and passes through the bridge rectification into stable voltage value, will realize the load the current value is converted to a single chip can handle0 ~ 5V voltage value, then the D2diode cutoff, power supply module only plays the role of power supply. Signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module, through quantization, coding, the analog voltage value into8bits of the digital voltage value, repeatedly to the analog voltage16AD conversion, and the16the digital voltage value and, to calculate the average value, the average value through a data bus to send AT89C51P0, accepted AT89C51 read, AT89C51will read the digital signal and software setting load normal working voltage reference range [VMIN, VMAX] compared with the reference voltage range, if not consistent, then the P1.0 output low level, close the relay, cut off the load on the fault source, to stop its sampling, while P1.1 output high level fault light, i.e., P1.3 output low level, namely normal lights. The relay is disconnected after about 2minutes, theAT89C51P1.0outputs high level ( software design), automatic closing relay, then to load the current regular sampling, AD conversion, to accept the AT89C51read, comparison, if consistent, then the P1.1 output low level, namely fault lights out, while P1.3 output high level, i.e. normal lamp ( software set ); if you are still inconsistent, then the need to manually switch S1toss to" repair" the slip, disconnect the relay control, load adjusting the resistance value is: the load detection and repair, and then close the S1repeatedly to the load current sampling, until the normal lamp bright, repeated this process, constantly on the load testing to ensure the load problems timely repair, make it work.In the intelligent load monitoring system, using the monolithic integrated circuit to the load ( voltage too high or too small ) intelligent detection and control, is achieved by controlling the relay and transformer sampling to achieve, in fact direct control of single-chip is the working state of the relay and the alarm circuit working state, the system should achieve technical features of this thesis are as follows (1) according to the load current changes to control relays, the control parameter is the load current, is the control parameter is the relay switch on-off and led the state; (2) the set current reference voltage range ( load normal working voltage range ), by AT89C51 chip the design of the software section, provide a basis for comparison; (3) the use of single-chip microcomputer to control the light-emitting diode to display the current state of change ( normal / fault / repair ); specific summary: Transformer on load current is sampled, a current / voltage converter, filter, regulator, through the analog-digital conversion, to accept the AT89C51chip to read, AT89C51 to read data is compared with the reference voltage, if normal, the normal light, the output port P.0high level, the relay is closed, is provided to the load voltage fault light; otherwise, P1.0 output low level, The disconnecting relay to disconnect the load, the voltage on the sampling, stop. Two minutes after closing relay, timing sampling.System through the expansion of improved, can be used for temperature alarm circuit, alarm circuit, traffic monitoring, can also be used to monitor a system works, in the intelligent high-speed development today, the use of modern technology tools, the development of an intelligent, function relatively complete software to realize intelligent control system, has become an imminent task, establish their own practical control system has a far-reaching significance. Micro controller in the industry design and application, no industry like intelligent automation and control field develop so fast. Since China and the Asian region the main manufacturing plant intelligence to improve the degree of automation, new technology to improve efficiency, have important influence on the product cost. Although the centralized control can be improved in any particular manufacturing process of the overall visual, but not for those response and processingdelay caused by fault of some key application.Intelligent control technology as computer technology is an important technology, widely used in industrial control, intelligent control, instrument, household appliances, electronic toys and other fields, it has small, multiple functions, low price, convenient use, the advantages of a flexible system design. Therefore, more and more engineering staff of all ages, so this graduate design is of great significance to the design of various things, I have great interest in design, this has brought me a lot of things, let me from unsuspectingly to have a clear train of thought, since both design something, I will be there a how to design thinking, this is very important, I think this job will give me a lot of valuable things.中文翻译：智能控制系统的开发应用现代社会电子产品日新月异正在越来越深远的影响着人们的生活，给人们的生活和工作方式带来越来越大的方便，我们的日常生活各个方面都有电子产品的影子，单片机作为其中一个最重要的应用，在很多方面都有着不可估量的作用。
爱仕达 AR-F3004C电饭煲英文说明书
②.Menu
④. HOUR
PAGE 9
Ⅳ.Ti metab le
STANDARD
40minute s
PROFESSIONAL 55minutes
QUICK BRAISE PORRIDGE
35minute 60minute
s
s90minut
SOUP
CASSEROL
E 80minute
you should put the water to the inner water scale of "4".
Attentio n:The inner water scale is the standard water volume, and you can regulate it in your favor.
it shows the cover has been sealed well.
Attentio n:It should be installe d the removabl e deck on cooking time,
otherwis e the cover can't be closed hemetica lly.
rice cooker at the cooking time,whi ch can cause the inner food flow out and be dangerou s for you. ·Don't yanking forcely when using
the handle
Attach ment:
Ⅴ.Op erati on metho d
e a cup to get proper rice and use other vessel to wash it, then pour
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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)中英文资料对照外文翻译外文资料译文智能电饭煲执行使用spmc65p2404a摘要:：份文件的目的是介绍如何使用spmc65p2404a单片机作为主控制器，合模糊控制实施智能电饭煲控制器。
关键字：机,模/数转换,温度控制, 继电器1引言大部分电饭锅,就今天的市场热起来,在选择机械方式或额定功率模式中,低能源利用率和单一的功能不能满足人民群众日益增长的生活需求。
在这种情况下,就显得极为必要建立一种智能型电饭煲多功能,安全性及可靠性。
它经历了许多阶段,机械电饭锅发展成为智能化的。
三大类型,其中包括微机, 电脑和机器有十种模式便应运而生由于突出高科技手段应用于电气炊具; 此外,他们转而将更加多样化和时尚的基础上漂亮好菜。
除了价格低廉,机械电饭锅勉强满足人们的需求,为现代高品质的生活, 而聪明的是由微机控制或电脑成功,有以下几个特点：为本的界面设计,让用户能看到运行状态easefully ；烹调过程是自动由计算机控制；外太空的"黑水晶" ,是采取内锅的超硬度,优异耐磨耐用性和永恒的血染。
所有特征匹配的现代概念,节省时间,节省劳力和耐久性。
智能电饭锅具有以下功能：,快速升温,少量做饭, 45分钟稀饭,稀饭2h时, 汤料的1H和2H汤；他们个性化的操作界面很容易让使用者控制烹饪。
用得多能力,同时沸腾水稻只智能电饭锅起到不可或缺的作用,在我们的日常生活中。
它的发明非常的智能控制,使今日的生活更加简单和方便。
2使用步骤电气烹调过程的控制水分的吸收量,供热时间,温度控制的过程,维持沸腾时间, 保温过程中,炖过程是精彩的烹饪。
烹饪过程,就是一个把β淀粉多吸收和消化α淀粉。
大量的实践已经证明,一个完善的烹煮过程可以细分为以下几个步骤：水吸收,使水稻吸收更多的水尽可能在适当的温度,使米饭将螺好完美的品味好多了。
赖斯将吸收更多的水,随着温度升高而降低。
然而,当温度高于60℃,βstarch将改建为αstarch转为糊。
因此,它必须控制温度在60℃左右。
35℃被认为是最佳,它的更好,使含水量水稻总面积约25% 。
足够的热对流是重要的热过程,使水稻充分煮熟。
一般而言,最佳时间从加热煮沸10分钟。
保持沸腾,以充分makeβstarch改装toαstarch, 它的适宜温度控制在98℃沸腾状态,并应煮沸,历时约20分钟。
温度可以控制的控制开机/关机的接力跑。
保持烹调温度下降,因为电饭煲的动力是出境。
保持水锅,可以气化,如果电力再供应一段时间,当温度降至100℃。
时间饲养,可烹调依你的需求。
炖上后,程序完成后,只有少许的水留在壶, 这里热应该停止。
余下的热量足以将煮烂的生成和可消化αstarch。
炖的时间一般保持12分钟。
温度保持在煮饭完成后,锅会自动进入保温模式。
当温度低于65℃,加热板将热锅饭可食。
3设备特点spmc65p2404a ，8位元工业微控制器凌阳，提供功能强大的驱动智能电饭煲：凌阳8位微控制器spmc65p2404a - 182指令- 11寻址方式--运行速度：8 兆赫@ 5v支持位运算(定的,明确的,我反演和试验) 8位可编程定时器/计数器(自动初始化) -通用定时器/计数器- 8位三捕获模式- 8位比较模式16位可编程定时器/计数器-通用定时器/计数器- 8 / 16位捕获模式- 16位比较模式- 12位PWM输出波形；中断管理的IRQ和为nmi 住宅外部中断4外部中断- 11个内部中断；操作电压范围：用于3V ~ 5v 8;10位ADC ( 100khz )；内建的液氦温区检察官字节光碟；内置的192k字节的RAM；23 可编程通用产品IOS；5种复位功能：电源复位(葡萄牙) ,外部复位(复位) ,低电压复位(心室重构) ，看门狗定时器复位( wdtr ) ,并非法地址复位(已婚育龄)；时钟选择：石英晶体谐振器,钢筋混凝土澳scillator ，外部时钟；节电模式：停止和停止；低电压复位(心室重构) ,低电压检测( LVD均)派出一个蜂鸣器输出端口；高达2mbps的SPI通信频率；冰,在电路仿真器接口。
4主要功能智能电饭煲基于凌阳8位微控制器spmc65p2404a有两个MAJO台:4.1烹饪功能1 )一般选择正常模式并按下启动按钮,开始对热量。
45分钟后,便进入炖模式和绩效将展出" N "型。
后,再过10分钟,烹饪会完成。
现在,锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
2 )快速选择快速模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热。
经过30分钟后,它会进入炖模式和绩效将展出" N "型。
后8分钟,烹饪会完成。
现在,锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
3 )选择气温变暖模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热。
15分钟后,便进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
4 )少量烹饪选择少量烹饪模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热。
经过40分钟后,它会进入炖模式。
现在,指示灯会显示" N "型。
后,再过10分钟,烹饪会完成。
现在,锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
5 ) 45敏责稀饭稀饭模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热和指标显示" - " 。
45分钟后,将锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" .6 ) 2H条责稀饭稀饭小时模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热, 与指标显示" 2 " . 2小时后,将锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" .7 )汤氢质子责汤模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热, 与指标显示" 1 " 。
1小时后,将锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
8 ) 2H条汤责2小时,汤模式,然后按下启动按钮,然后电饭煲开始加热, 与指标显示" 2 " 。
2小时后,将锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"二" 。
注:锅进入保温模式和绩效将显示"乙"每当上述-8-模式完成。
4.2定时功能的时间会改变,可根据不同的运作模式。
按下启动按钮,电饭煲开始计数。
票的人数下降了1经过蒸煮1小时。
根据时差的时间和所需时间的运作, 电饭煲自动开始运行,加热,保温,饰面选定的烹饪功能。
45敏米粥为例,如果时间定为2小时, 锅会自动开始运行,并进入45分钟稀饭模式后,运行时间,已经签订了1小时15分钟分钟。
5电路图系统采用的控制系统的智能电饭煲基于spmc65p2404a显示如图4.1 。
你可以控制的工作模式电饭煲( 8模式,在所有) 使目前的工作状态,显示器的指标,并确定何时工作。
单片机可以控制连接/截断的接力这取决于温度数据采集到的温度传感器,它可以控制加热板。
电源提供施以5V单片机系统和外围电路升温热板。
图4.1系统图6硬件设计6.1主控电路主控电路(显示于图6.1 ) 由切换键输入电路,温度检测输入电路,复位电路,晶体振荡电路。
PA6与pa7负责探测温度的顶盖和底板,并履行pa5继电器控制。
spmc65p2404a的核心电路。
图6。
1主控电路6.2显示电路显示电路由1 2位数字的7段LED的模块共同阳极和10个发光二极管。
电路显示当前运行状态的基础上,共同遴选和部分数据驱动的MCU , 图表6.2 . 6.2数字显示电路6.3电源电路的直流+5 V为供应给单片机. 后下台,纠正及过滤,输入220V交流转换成直流+12第五供应继电器. 接力是国家控制的控制开机/关机三极管的发射极. 电源电路,显示如图6.3 . 图6.3电源电路6.4温度采集电路J2和J3接口顶盖和底板温度传感器。
信号检测,由单片机显示的电压值的电阻把电压由温度传感器。
由于电阻温度传感器将随环境温度的升高, 电压的电阻分压器间接表明温度在某段时间内。
温度传感器电路说明下列数字。
6.4数字温度传感器电路7软件设计7.1程序流程整个系统包括两个部分: 输入部分和输出部分。
输入系统分为两个温度感应器和五个按钮; 输出系统由2个7段数码显示器, 10个LED和继电器控制信号。
基于控制功能,该计划旨在为以下几个模块。
图7.1流程图主程序。
图7.1程序流程7.2子程序描述1 . 诊断子程序诊断子程序目的是收集的温度传感器,并判断是否正常工作,或不是。
子程序接收两个温度传感器连续20倍, 如果发现数据超出温度范围( -10℃~160℃) , 这表明传感器短路或断路的模式。
在同一时间,数字显示的" E " ,而关键的新闻运作是残疾人。
2 . 切换键扫描子程序的关键-新闻扫描,在一键开关扫描子程序周期。
当扫描一个键被按下,子程序将储存的关键价值暂时的。
系统要考虑的主要数据是一个稳定的,当同样的数据是连续扫描5次。
有五把钥匙,在这个制度。
在任何状况,每个键可一旦轻轻按住。
这些钥匙相连pa0 ,整合,丁咯,逆转录和pa4 。
如果按下键是有效的,相应的比特的返回值为0 ; 例行否则,设置为1 .3 . 温度采集子程序考虑高灵敏度的热敏电阻这样移动平均滤波是通过采集温度,以防止干扰,而且经常代理的控制从单位的频繁变化的温度数据。
就是不断收集三个数据,取中间的一个. 4 . 显示子程序有2个7段数码显示器和10个发光二极管的制度. 数字显示模块显示器六个状态:待命,错误显示,炖,升温,沸腾和时间安排; 而LED显示灯,包括选定的功能, '开始'和'升温'状态. 在系统,它的功能是展示经济秩序. 然后按下'开始'键, '开始'灯不断闪烁; 当电饭煲进入'升温'的地位, 相应的灯泡将被点燃。
LED显示屏子程序是由通用码扫描子程序,并选择部分子程序。
5 . 演艺功能的子程序功能子程序表演作品视乎旗设在关键工序子程序(每次烹调功能是相应的曲线,温度升高,供暖) 。
烹饪过程中,根据每个时期。
8尾声不是只有烹饪功能,凌阳8位智能电饭煲已远远烹饪功能, 如正常,快速升温,少量做饭, 45分钟粥, 2小时粥,汤的1H和2H羹。
在未来,小家电应该具备以下四大功能:智能,安全,多功能,节能。
第一,智能化。
高新技术特别是先进的计算机技术,要服务的使用及设计的家电产品,使他们能跟上现代人。
其次,安全。
安全一直备受关注,因为潜在的不安全可能将严重威胁人民群众的生命和财产安全。
第三,多功能。
多功能一直发挥着主导作用,在当今社会,并促进消费。
第四,节能。
每一个家庭都拥有各类家用电器。
在我国对能源工业尤其是电力工业的投资是看我们的需要。