160～200马力拖拉机配前悬挂装置的设计 说明书

摘要

拖拉机配前三点悬挂装置构成的联合作业机组，由于在一次行驶中可完成多种作业，节省农时，提高作业效率，扩大了拖拉机的通用性，因此在国外拖拉机(特别是大功率四轮驱动拖拉机)上获得了广泛的应用。但目前国内各种功率等级的拖拉机还很少配装前悬挂装置。前悬挂装置具有不同于后悬挂装置的显著特点，本文在理论分析的基础上，进行了轮式拖拉机前悬挂装置的设计。

文中首先归纳总结目前国际上各著名拖拉机产品的前悬挂装置结构特点及前后联合作业的主要作业方式，分析前悬挂机组在不同的耕深控制方式下拖拉机前桥的受力状况，得出相应的计算公式，指出前悬挂一般应采用带支地轮的浮动控制方式。

然后分析由不同的悬挂杆件布置方式决定的机组纵向瞬心和水平瞬心位置对前悬挂犁耕机组作业稳定性、入土能力、耕深稳定性、牵引性和通过性等性能的影响，从而给出可行的瞬心范围。

最后，在理论分析的基础上进行了前悬挂机构设计。

关键词：拖拉机，后悬挂，受力分析，瞬心，联合作业

ABSTRACT

Tractor with front linkage consists of the combination of operating units, because in a driving can complete various task, save farming, raise working efficiency, expand the tractor of generality and so on foreign tractors (especially high power four wheel drive tractors) on a wide range of applications. But there is few at present domestic various power levels of tractor equipped with front suspension device. Front suspension device has the remarkable characteristics different from rear suspension, on the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper has carried on the wheeled tractor front suspension device design.

Firstly summarizes the current of each tractor products famous on the internat- ional front suspension structure characteristics and joint before and after the opera- tion the main operation mode, the analysis of front suspension unit under different tillage depth control ways of tractor front axle stress state, the corresponding calcu- lation formulas, points out front suspension generally take the ground wheel floating control mode should be adopted.

Then analysis determined by the different way of hanging bar decorate unit lon- gitudinal instantaneous center and horizontal position of instantaneous center of fr- ont suspension deep tillage unit operation stability, the grave ability, stability, tracti- onal and through sexual behavior, and gives the feasible range of instantaneous center.

Finally, on the basis of theoretical analysis for the front suspension mechanism design.

Key words: tractor, front linkages, rear linkages. force analysis instantaneous center, combination operation.

目录

第一章前悬挂概述 (1)

§1.1问题的提出 (1)

§1.2前悬挂的发展 (1)

§1.3前悬挂的评价 (2)

§1.4前悬挂的主要结构型式 (3)

§1.5前悬挂的主要作业方式 (7)

第二章前悬挂机组对拖拉机操纵性的影响 (9)

§2.1悬挂带支地轮的农机具 (9)

§2.2悬挂不带支地轮的农机具 (12)

第三章前悬挂杆件的布置方式与作业稳定性 (16)

§3.1 横向稳定性 (16)

§3.1.1水平瞬心在前 (16)

§3.1.2水平瞬心在后 (18)

§3.1.3上拉杆长度的影响 (18)

§3.1.4水平瞬心的选择 (19)

§3.2纵向稳定性 (20)

§3.2.1上拉杆用链子 (20)

§3.2.2上拉杆用刚性杆 (21)

§3.3前悬挂犁纵向瞬心的合理范围 (29)

第四章前悬挂装置的设计 (31)