大白鼠解剖

图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View
图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view
1肋骨rib
2胸椎thoracic vertebra
3颈椎cervical vertebra
4颅骨cranium
5肩胛骨scapula
6肱骨hiimeius
7桡骨radius
8尺骨ulna
9掌骨metacarpal bone
10指骨digital bone
11腰椎lumbar vertebra
12髂骨ilium
13尾骨coccyx
14股骨femur
15髌骨patella
16腓骨fubula
17胫骨tibia
18跖骨metatarsal bone
19趾骨digital bone
图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect
图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect
1枕骨occipital bone
2顶间骨interparietal bone
3矢状缝sagittal suture
4颧骨malar bone
5上颌骨maxillary bone
6前颌骨premaxillary bone
7枕外嵴external occipital creat
8顶骨parietal bone
9额骨frontal bone
10鼻骨nasal bone
11鼻间缝internasal suture
12前筛孔preethmoid pore
13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen 14门齿 incisor tooth
15下颌骨mandible
16视神经孔optic foramen
17枕骨occipital bone
18茎突styloid process
19外耳道external acoustic meatus 20颞骨temporal bone
21 腭裂patoschisis
22臼齿molar tooth
23腭骨palatine bone
24翼孔pterygoid apertures
25破裂孔foramen lacerum
26枕大孔foramen magnum
27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen 28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures 29卵圆孔foramen ovale
30鼓骨tympanic bone
31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen 32下颌联合mandibular symphysis 33颏孔mental foramen
34冠状突coronoid process
35下颌支ramus of mandible
36角状突process of horn
37下颌孔mandibular foramen
38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa
39髁突condylar process
图Ⅷ-7颈椎与胸椎背面The cervical 图Ⅷ-9前肢骨背面The bone of vertebra and thoracic vertebra.Dorsal aspect anterior 1imb.Dorsal aspect
图Ⅷ-8前肢骨外侧面The bone of anterior
limb. Lateral aspect
1枢椎axis 2第4颈椎4th cervical vertebra
3第6颈椎6th cervical vertebra 4第1胸椎1st thoracic vertebra
5第4胸椎4th thoracic vertebra 6寰椎axis
7第3颈椎3rd cervical vertebra 8第5颈椎5th cervical vertebra
9第7颈椎7th cervical vertebra 10第3胸椎3rd thoracic vertebra
l1肱骨体shaft of humcrus 12桡骨radius
13尺骨ulna 14尺骨茎突styloid process of ulna
15掌骨metacarpal bone 16肱骨头head of hurnerus
l7肘突cubital process 18腕骨carpal bone
19指骨digital bone
图Ⅷ-10股骨前面The femur. 图Ⅷ-11胫骨与腓骨前面The tibia Anterior aspect and fibula. Anterior aspect
1大转子greater trochanter
2股骨颈neck of femur
3第三转子third trochanter
4髌骨patella
5股骨头femoral head
G小转子lesser trochanter
7股骨体shaft of femur
8股骨内侧髁medial condyle of femur
9外侧髁lateral condyle
10腓骨fibula
11外踝 lateral malleolus
12跗骨tarsal bone
13胫骨内侧髁medial condyle of tibia
14径骨粗隆tibial tuberosity
15胫骨tibia
I6内踝medial mallcolus
17跖骨metatarsal bone
18斜方肌trapezius muscle
19臀浅肌glutoeus super(icialis muscle
20股直肌rectus femoris muscle
21腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 22背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle
23肩斜方肌shoulder-trapezius muscle
24大圆肌teres major muscle
25肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle
26前锯肌serratus anterior muscle
1锁骨提肌levator clavicle muscle 2肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle 3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle
4臀浅肌gluteus suferficidlis muscle 5股直肌rectus femoris muscle
6腓肠肌gastrocnemius muscle
7夹肌splenius muscle
8颈菱形肌rhomboideus cervicis muscle
9胸菱形肌rhomboideus pectoralis muscle
10背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle
11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 12股二头肌biceps femoris muscle
13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle
14二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastric muscle 15二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 16胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle
17肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle
18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle
19股动、静脉femoral artery and femoral vein 20阴囊scrotum
21咬肌masseter muscle
22胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle
23肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle
24桡侧腕伸肌extensor carpi radialis muscle
25指总伸肌extensor digitorum communis muscle 26尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
27胸浅肌pectoral superficialis muscle
28前锯肌serratus anterior muscle
29股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle
30耻骨肌pectineus muscle
31长收肌adductor longus muscle
32股薄肌gracilis muscle
图Ⅷ-15头、颈部侧面The head and neck. Lateral aspect
上静脉supraorbitalvein
e 7颈外静脉
external jugular vein 1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerv 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein
图Ⅷ-17 口腔（2)The oral cavity (2)
图Ⅷ-18脑与脊髓背面The brain and 图Ⅷ-19脑与脊髓腹面The brain and spinal cord.Dorsal aspect spinal cordVentral aspect
1 喉口aperture of larynx 2舌根root of tongue 3舌尖apex of tongue 4硬腭褶fold of hard palate 5软腭soft palate 6会厌epiglottis 7臼齿molar tooth 8舌体body of tongue 9嗅球olfactory bulb 10中央纵裂central longitudinal fissue 1l 绒球flocculus 12颈膨大cervical enlargement 13腰膨大lumbar enlargement 14外侧纵沟lateral longitudinal sulcus
15大脑cerebrum 16小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part ） 17脊髓圆锥courts medullaris 18 脑垂体 pituitary gland 19脑桥pons 20延髓 myelencephalon 21嗅束olfactory tract 22视神经optic nerve 23三叉神经trigeminal nerve
图Ⅷ-20磁共振冠状面定位像（1)The scout view of coronal images（1）
图Ⅷ-21磁共振冠状面定位像（2）The scout view of coronal images（2)
1眼球eyeball
2嗅脑rhinencephalon
3大脑皮层cerebral cortex
4大脑镰cerebral faix
5鼻旁窦paranasal sinus
6纵裂longitudinal fissure
冠状面T1加权像，颞颌关节线圈，SE序列，层厚3.0mm，无间隔，TR=500rns，TE=20ms。

扫描方向：从背侧向腹侧。

图Ⅷ-23磁共振冠状面定位像（4)The scout view of coronal images (4)
1海马结构hippocampal formation 2中脑midbrain
3天幕tentorium
4额顶叶皮层frontoparietal cortex 5颞叶皮层temporal cortex
G小脑cerebellum
7 颞骨lemporal bone
8脑桥pons
9舌tongue
10咬肌masseter muscle
11下颌骨mandible
12咽pharynx
1二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastrc muscle 2胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle
3胸浅肌pectoral suferficialis muscle 4二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 5咬肌masseter muscle 6胸乳突肌stemomastoideus muscle
7淋巴结lymph nodes 8肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle
9桡神经radial nerve 10正中神经median nerve
11背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle 12肩胛舌骨肌omohyoid muscle
13腋神经axillary nerve 14胸深肌pectoral profundus muscle
图Ⅷ-27腹肌The abdominal muscle
图Ⅷ-28胸、腹腔器官The organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities
1腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle
2 股动、静脉femoral artery. femoral vein
3阴茎penis
4阴囊scrotum
5胸浅肌pectoral suferficialis muscle
6腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen
7股直肌rectus femoris muscle
8股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle
9耻骨肌pectineus muscle
10长收肌adductor longus muscle
11股薄肌gracilis muscle
12半腱肌semitendinous muscle
13咬肌masseter muscle
14胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle
15胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle
16肩胛横肌transverses scapulae muscle
17胸腺thymus
18心heart
19肺lung
20 膈diaphragm
21十二指肠duodenum
22空肠jejunmn
23 膀胱 urinary bladder
24二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 25脾spleen
26结肠colon
27回肠ileum
28股静脉 femoral vein
29前列腺prostate
1右颈内动脉right internal carotid artery 2右颈外动脉right external carotid artery 3右锁骨下动脉 right subclavian artery 4右心房right atrium
5冠状沟coronary sulcus
6右心室right ventricle
7心尖cardiac apex
8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery 9左颈外动脉left external cartoid artery 10主动脉弓aortic arch
11左心房left atrium
12左心室left ventricle
3右锁骨下动脉 right subclavian artery
4右心房right atrium
5冠状沟coronary sulcus
6右心室right ventricle
7心尖cardiac apex
8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery
9左颈外动脉left external cartoid artery
10主动脉弓aortic arch
11左心房left atrium
12左心室left ventricle
13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery 14肺静脉pulmonary vein
15前腔静脉precavalvein
16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery 17后腔静脉postcaval vein
图Ⅷ-31左心房与左心室The left atrium and left ventricle
11左心房left atrium
12左心室left ventricle
13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery
14肺静脉pulmonary vein
15前腔静脉precavalvein
16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery
17后腔静脉postcaval vein
18心中静脉 middle cardiac vein
19头臂动脉brachiocephalic artery
20主动脉弓aortic arch
21乳头肌papillary muscles
22左颈总动脉left common carotid artery
23左锁骨下动脉left subclavian artery
24右前腔静脉right precaval vein
25心外膜extracardium
图Ⅷ-32右心房和右心室The right atrium and right ventricle
4右心房right atrium
5冠状沟coronary sulcus
6右心室right ventricle
7心尖cardiac apex
8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery
9左颈外动脉left external cartoid artery
10主动脉弓aortic arch
11左心房left atrium
12左心室left ventricle
13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery
14肺静脉pulmonary vein
15前腔静脉precavalvein
16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery
17后腔静脉postcaval vein
18心中静脉 middle cardiac vein
19头臂动脉brachiocephalic artery
20主动脉弓aortic arch
21乳头肌papillary muscles
22左颈总动脉left common carotid artery
23左锁骨下动脉left subclavian artery
24右前腔静脉right precaval vein
25心外膜extracardium
26肺动脉pulmonary artery 27心内膜endocardiurn
28心肌层myocardium
图Ⅷ-33颈总动脉The common carotid artery
图Ⅷ-34主动脉弓The aorta arch
1舌动脉lingual artery
2甲状腺thyroid gland
3迷走交感神经链vagosympathetic chain
4颈外静脉external jugular vein
5颈总动脉common carotid artery
6锁骨下动脉subclavian artery
7无名动脉anonyma artery
8主动脉弓aorta arch
9颌外动脉external maxillary artery
10耳前动脉anterior auricular artery
11甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid artery 12颈动脉干carotiq trunk
13腋动脉axillary artery
14左心耳left auricle
15前腔静脉precaval vein
16面后静脉posterior facial vein
17面前静脉anterior facial vein
18臂神经丛brachial plexus
19胸外侧动脉external thoracicartery 20椎动脉vertebral artery
21肋颈动脉干costocervicaltrunk
图Ⅷ-35胸主动脉The thoracic aorta
1甲状腺thyroid gland 2迷走交感神经链vagosympathetic chain 3颈总动脉common carotid artery 4锁骨下动脉subclavian artery
5无名动脉innominate artery 6前腔静脉precaval vein
7后腔静脉postcaval vein 8 膈 diaphragm
9颈动脉干carotid trunk 10臂神经丛brachial plexus
11腋动脉axillary artery 12胸外侧动脉lateral thoracic artery
13椎动脉vertebral artery 14肋颈动脉干costocervical trunk
15主动脉弓aorta arch 16肺动脉pulmonary artery
17胸主动脉thoracic aorta 18肋间动脉intercostal artery
19食管esophagus
1肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver 2肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver 3横结肠transverse colon 4大网膜greater omentnm
5空肠jejunum 6剑突xiphoid process
7肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver 8肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 9胃stomach 10脾spleen
1l脂肪fat 12肝liver
13胰pancreas 14结肠colon
1肝右中叶right middle lobe of l iver 2肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver 3小肠small intestine 4大网膜greater omentum
5结肠colon 6胸腺thymus
7肺lung 8心heart
9 膈 diaphragm l0肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver 11肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 12胃stomach
13脾spleen 14附睾epididymis
15睾丸testis 16阴茎penis
17股动、静脉femoral artery and vein
图Ⅷ-42胃The stomach 图Ⅷ-43胃壁内面The wall of stomach. Inner surface
1膈diaphragm
2前腔静脉precaval vein
3胸腺thymus
4肺lung
5心heart
6肾上腺adrenal gland
7肾kidney
8肾门静脉renal portal vein
9精索内静脉internal spermatic vein
10髂腰静脉iliolumbar vein
11膀胱urinary bladder
12十二指肠duodenum
13幽门pylorus
14胃大弯greater curvature of stomach
15食管esophagus
16胃底fundus of stomach
17胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach
18胃体body of stomach
19贲门pylorus
20胃粘膜皮区cutaneous part of gastric mucous
21胃粘膜腺区glandular part of gastric mucous
1空肠jejunum
2横结肠transverse colon
3升结肠ascending colon
4盲肠cecum
5腹壁浅动脉superficial epigastric artery 6隐动脉saphenous artery
7隐大静脉great saphenous vein
8肝liver
9胃stomach
10脾spleen
11降结肠descending colon
12 膀胱 urinary bladder
13尾中动脉middle coccygeal artery
14回肠ileum
15盲肠尖apex of cecum
16盲肠体body of cecum
17盲肠基部base of cecum
图Ⅷ-46生殖器官（♀）（1）The genital organs（♀）（1）
图Ⅷ-47生殖器官（♀）（2)The genital organs（♀）(2)
1小肠small intestine 2输卵管uterine tube 3脂肪fat 4胃stomach
5子宫角horn of uterus 6直肠rectum
7膀胱urinary bladder 8脾spleen
9子宫体body of uterus
1直肠rectum 2膀胱urinary bladder
3肾kidney 4脂肪fat
5精囊seminal vesicle 6前列腺prostate
7阴茎penis 8
附睾 epididymis
9精索spermatic cord
图Ⅷ-53腹主动脉及其分支The abdominal aorta and branches
1 直肠 rectum
2精囊seminal vesicle
3 膀胱urinary bladder
4前列腺prostate
5精索spermatic cord
6阴茎penis
7 附睾epididymis
8睾丸testis
9膈diaphragm
10后腔静脉postcaval vein
11腹腔动脉celiac artery
12肾动脉renal artery
13右肾 right kidkey
14前肠系膜动脉anterior mesenteric artery
15精索内动脉internal spermatic artery
16输尿管ureter
17髂腰动、静脉iliolumbar artery and vein
18髂总动脉common iliac artery
19贮精囊vesicula seminalis
20隐动脉saphenous artery
21食管esophagus
22膈下动脉inferior phrenic artery
23肾上腺adrenal glands
24肾上腺上动脉superior adrenal artery
25左肾left kidney
26后肠系膜动脉posterior mesenteric artery
27髂外动脉external iliac artery
28股动脉femoral artery
29腹壁阴部动脉干arterial epigastro-pudendal trunk 30输精管ductus deferens
图Ⅷ-56前肢内侧面The anterior limb. Medial aspect
图Ⅷ-57后肢内侧面(1)The posterior limb. Medial aspect（1）
1腋神经axillary nerve 2桡神经radial nerve
3头静脉cephalic vein 4正中神经median nerve
5正中动脉median artery 6肌支muscular branch
7尺神经ulnar nerve 8臂动脉brachial artery
9胸长神经long thoracic nerve 10胸外侧动脉external thoracic artery
I1颈总动脉common carotid artery 12主动脉弓aorta arch
13左心耳left auricle 14右心耳right auricle
15食管esophagus 16胸主动脉thoracic aorta
17腹壁浅动脉superficial epigastric artery 18腹壁浅静脉superficial epigastric vein 19隐动脉saphenous artery 20隐大静脉great saphenous vein
图Ⅷ-16口腔（1)The oral cavity（1）
1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein
3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerve 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein
7颈外静脉external jugular vein 8硬腭褶fold of hard palate
9臼齿molar tooth 10门齿incisor tooth
11软腭soft palate 12舌根root of tongue
13舌体body of tongue 14舌尖apex of tongue。