2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇(5)
大学英语英语4级考试(答案) (5)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解Passage1Work and PlayWhat do we mean by leisure,and why should we assume that it represents a problem to be solved by the arts?The great ages of art were not conspicuous for their leisure—at least,art was not an activity associated with leisure.It was a craft like any other,concerned with the making of necessary things.Leisure,in the present meaning of the word,did not exist.Leisure,before the Industrial Revolution,meant no more than"time"or"opportunity";"If your leisure served,I would speak with you."says one of Shakespeare's characters.Phrases which we still use,such as"at your leisure",preserve this original meaning. But when we speak of leisure nowadays,we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something;time is heavy on our hands,and the problem is how to fill it.Leisure no longer signifies a space with some difficulty secured against the pressure of events:rather it is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent occupations.Leisure is a vacuum,a desperate state of vacancy—a vacancy of mind and body.It has been commandeered(强占)by the sociologists and the psychologists:it is a problem.Our diurnal existence is divided into two phases,as distinct as day and night.We call them work and play.We work so many hours a day,and,when we have allowed the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping,the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations,an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure,but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment—not football but watching football matches;not acting,but theatre-going;not walking,but riding in a motor coach.We need to make,therefore,a hard-and-fast(不能变通的)distinction not only between work and play but,equally,between active play and passive entertainment.It is,I suppose,the decline of active play—of amateur sport—and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem.If the greater part of the population,instead of indulging in sport,spend their hours of leisure"viewing"television programmes,there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique.And,in addition,there will be a psychological problem,for we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of a prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen.There is,if we are optimistic,the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody.Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impressionon the mind or imagination of those who see them:few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last,and at longer intervals they must rely on the management to see that they do not sit through the same film twice.We have to live art if we would be affected by art.We have to paint rather than look at paintings,to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves,engaging all our senses in the ritual and discipline of the arts.Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and our souls.It is only when entertainment is active,participated in,practiced,that it can properly be called play,and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work,and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work.It is there that the final and most fundamental error enters into our conception of daily life. Work itself is not a single concept.We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living:to earn,that is to say,sufficient tokens which we can exchange for food and shelter and all the other needs of our existence.But some of us work physically,cultivating the land, minding the machines,digging the coal;others work mentally,keeping accounts,inventing machines,teaching and preaching,managing and governing.There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations,except that they consume our time,and leave uslittle leisure.We may next observe that one man's profession or work is often another man's recreation or play.The merchant at the weekend becomes a hunter (he has not yet taken to mining);the clerk becomes a gardener;the machine-tender becomes a breeder of bull-terriers(叭喇狗）There is, of course，a sound instinct behind such transformations.The body and mind are unconsciously seeking compensation—muscular coordination, mental integration.But in many cases a dissociation is set up and the individual leads a double life—one half Jekyll,the other half Hyde(有善恶双重性格的人)-There is a profound moral behind that story of Stevenson's,for the compensation which a disintegrated personality may seek will often be of an anti-social nature.The Nazi party,for example, in its early days was largely recruited from the bored—not so much from the unemployed as from the street-corner society of listless hooligans. Scientific studies have been made of street-corner society,out of which crime,gangsterdom,and fascism inevitably develop.It is a society with leisure—that is to say,spare time—and without compensatory occupation. It does not need a Satan to find mischief for such idle hands.They will spontaneously itch to do something:muscles have a life of their own unless they are trained to purposeful actions.Actions,or rather activities,are the obvious reflex to leisure;they consume it,and leave the problem solved.But work is also activity,and if we reach the conclusion that all our time must be filled with one activity or another,the distinction between work and play becomes rather meaningless,and what we mean by play is merely a change of occupation.We pass from one form of activity to another;one we call work,and for that we receive pay;the other we call play,and for that we receive no pay—on the contrary,we probably paya subscription.1.The Industrial Revolution brought about a change in the nature of people's work as well as in the amount of time it took.2.Passive entertainment,which has increased in our age,leads to a decline in health and may also create psychological problems.3.The division of activities into work and play is unsatisfactory because it conceals the important distinction between active entertainment and passive entertainment.4.Mental work is more beneficial to one's psychology than physical work.5.The Nazi party was mostly enrolled from the jobless. programs should be abandoned because they entertain viewers passively.7.The word"leisure"has completely changed its original meanings.8.Danger may arise if work and play are not______coordinated.9.When entertainment is active,play can serve as an activitythat______work.10.One man may perceive another man's recreation as______. Passage2Ever since humans have lived on the11,they have made use of various forms of communication.Generally,this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of12speech.When there is a language barrier,communication is"13through sign language in which motions14for letters,words,and ideas.Tourists and the people unable to hear or speak have had to15to this form of expression.Many of these symbols of whole words are very16and exact and can be used17; spelling,however,cannot.Body language18ideas or thoughts bycertain actions,eitherintentionally or unintentionally.A wink can be a way of indicating that the party is only joking.A nod signifies approval,while shaking the head indicates a19reaction.Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille(a system of raised dots read with the fingertips),signal flags,Morse code,and smoke signals.Road maps and20signs also guide,warn,and instruct people.While language is the most common form of communication,other systemsand techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.A.pictureB.oralC.standD.worldE.internationallyF.optionalG.resortH.vividI.earth J.accomplished K.transmits L.representM.negative N.intelligently O. translatesPassage3The future population will be older than today,and this in turn will change the patterns of social demands.However,Mexico will still be far from the"aging societies"that will most likely prevail(占优势)in the industrialized countries.In less than25years,the country will have to add almost as much infrastructure as it has already built up to now,simply to maintain services and production at the current levels. This will be a tremendous challenge,although a similar one was faced successfully in the recent past,when available infrastructure was doubled in two decades or so.It is no wonder that much has been said about the need to reduce or preferably halt Mexico's population control which is taken for granted as both good and necessary.It has also gained supporters in the developing world,and Mexico is no exception.But thearguments about population are complicated,as the following discussion illustrates.Even if Mexico's population reaches125million by the year2010,its population density is still smaller than the1985population density of some50countries.By international standards Mexico will still not be overpopulated by the year2010.If wealth is generated by people,the more individuals there are,the greater the wealth that potentially could be generated.Why should Mexico control its population at density levels below those of the richer countries if more population represents the possibility of generating more wealth?On the other hand,it is often pointed out that once sustainability(支撑力)limits are near or are reached,there are decreasing productivity gains(or,perhaps more accurately,increasing productive losses),and people become a cost rather than an asset.If we assume that there are sustainability limits and that we are close to reaching these limits at a world level,then it is appropriate to check population growth.21.According to the passage,the population argument is focused on_______.A.whether more people are a property or a costB.whether Mexico should control its population growth or notC.whether the density of population in Mexico is large or smallD.what the standard international sustainability limit is22.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A.Mexico has stepped into an aging society.B.It is not necessary for Mexico to control its population.C.Mexico population is younger than that of developed countries.D.It is not necessary for Mexico to develop its infrastructure.23.By"infrastructure"(Para.2)the author means_______.A.buildingsB.the basic framework of a country,such as schools,services,etc.C.social demandsD.services and production24.It may be inferred from the3rd paragraph that_______.A.it isn't necessary for Mexico to control its population growthB.population is likely to grow at a slower pace than in the pastC.the more people there are,the greater the wealth people could generateD.Mexico should control its population growth because she belongs to the developing countries25.To check population growth is necessary when_______.A.there are decreasing productivity gainsB.there are increasing productivity lossesC.we are close to reaching the sustainability limits at a world levelD.people become a costPassage4In many traditional societies a woman's role is restricted to that of mother(for the continuation of the race),and she is confined to family and household activities,including help out in the field and market. In some ethnic(种族的)communities in Indonesia,even today,women are supposed to do the hard labor in the rice fields,while men take it easy in their coffee shops.When I visited the island of Timor in eastern Indonesia in1987,I was told by friends that in the interior of the islands,where roads are still non-existent,villagers traveled to market either on foot or on horseback. It was a common sight to see the husband riding a horse,with his wife walking behind him carrying a heavy bundle of produce on her head to the market.On the island of Alor,also in eastern Indonesia,I met an old man aged about80years,proudly boasting to me that he had nine wives. "But you are a Catholic,"I said to him."How could you have nine wives?" He smiled,and said:"I married only once in church,but the other eight wives I married according to our traditional laws."In many ethnic communities in Indonesia the good woman or wife is one who obey her husband,who does not go around gossiping,who cleans her home and cooks good food for the family,who is diligent in the field,who does not visit friends too much,and who gives birth of lots of children,especiallyboys.In Indonesia many years ago the wives of government workers or members of the armed forces were organized into women's organizations.The leadership of these women's organizations was set up according to the hierarchical positions of the members'husbands.For example,the organization of women of personnel of a government ministry would automatically have as its chairperson the wife of the minister at the national level,and the chairperson of the provincial organization would be the wife of the governor,and so on to the lower administrative levels. It is amazing how a woman who may have an interest in being a leader nevertheless automatically becomes a chairperson because of the official position of her husband.When the husband is no longer minister or governor,she also automatically loses her position.Many of these women have complained to me that they feel this is a straitjacket(约束物) imposed on them,but they feel they have to accept the role for the sake of safeguarding their husbands'careers.26.In some ethnic districts in Indonesia women should_______.A.do household activitiesB.give birth of childrenC.do the hard labor in the fieldsD.all of the above27.In the2nd paragraph"roads"means_______.A.some roadsB.high waysC.country roadsD.heavy roads28.What does the question"How could you have nine wives?"imply?A.The old man is too old to have nine wives.B.The old man shouldn't have had nine wives.C.The old man could marry only once because he is member of the Church of Rome.D.The old man could have only a wife for he is a Christian.29.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph3?A.Women's organizations were set up in the government administrative levels and the armed forces.B.The head of the women's organization of a province must be the wife of the governor.C.All the leaders of the woman's organizations enjoyed their roles.D.The wife of a governor loses her leading position for the sake of her husband.30.The closest restatement of the last sentence in,the3rd paragraph is______.A.many women would hate to be the chairperson without considering their husband's careersB.many governors'wives complain they have to accept the chairperson rolesC.many women are forced to become the leaders of women's organizations in order to protect their husband's professionD.many governors'wives feel it necessary to accept the roles二、完型填空Exercise is good for you,but most people really know very little about how to exercise properly.1when you try,you can runsintostrouble.Many people2that when specific muscles are exercised,the fat in the neighbouring area is“3up”.Yet the4is that exercise burns fat from all over5.Studies show muscles which are not6lose their strength very quickly.To regain it needs48to72hours and exercise every other day will7a normal level of physical strength.To8weight you should always “work up a good sweat”when exercising.9sweating only10body temperature to prevent over heating.This is11water loss.12You replace the liquid,you replace the13.Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise.It helps the circulation of blood14the body,and has a direct 15on your overall feeling of health.Experience says that20minutes’1617is minimun amount.18your breathing doesn’t return to normal state within minutes after you finish19,you’ve done20.1.A.While B.When C.As D.So2.A.understand B.believe C.hope D.know3.A.built B.burned C.piled D.grown4.A.reply B.possiblility C.truth D.reason5.A.arm B.leg C.stomach D.body6.A.exercised B.examined C.protected D.cured7.A.lose B.raise C.burn D.keep8.A.lose B.gain C.keep D.burn9.A.Certainly B.No C.Fortunately D.Probably10.A.raises B.reduces C.destroys D.keeps up11.A.how B.why C.nothing but D.more than12.A.While B.Once C.As D.Whenever13.A.weight B.muscle C.sweat D.strength14.A.over B.around C.throughout D.with15.A.effect e age D.affectcation B.sleep C.exercise D.rest17.A.one day B.a day C.everyday D.someday18.A.But if B.But C.If D.And if19.A.working B.walking C.exercising D.breathing20.A.enough B.much C.too much D.much too三、翻译1、他用所有的积蓄为儿子买了一辆自行车。
2020年6月大学英语四级阅读：神童
2020年6月大学英语四级阅读：神童Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers if the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. They were all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only becamepart of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ______ .A. it would allow them access to a better life in the WestB. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talentC. they wanted their children to enter into theprofessional fieldD. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellenceB. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full developmentC. encourage people to compete with each otherD. promise talented children high positions3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .A. all-round development.B. the learning of Western musicC. strict training of childrenD. variety in academic studies4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?A. A natural gift.B. Extensive knowledge of music.C. Very early training.D. A prejudice-free society.5.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A. Jewish Contribution to Music.B. Training of Musicians in the WorldC. Music and SocietyD. The Making of Prodigies1.[A] 原文首段最后一句提到，所有犹太人父母的梦想就是让孩子上音乐学校，由because引导的从句解释了原因，即因为这是通往西方世界的通行证。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语英语四级练习卷(最后含答案) (5)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解阅读理解（一）Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and,fortunately,the number of such reasons is small.Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches,and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First,pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size.The object may be to get a tree of the right height,and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape.Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier.You may cut diseaed or dead wood,or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds.The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease,but itis a wound that will heal.Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die,so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been prunedsmooth and clean,for healing will be slowed down by roughness.You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose.Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleeD.If this does happen,it is,of course,impossible to paint them properly.1.Pruning should be done to______.A.make the tree grow tallerB.improve the shape of the treeC.get rid of the small branchesD.make the small branches thicker2.Trees become unhealthy if the gardener______.A.allows too many branches to grow in the middleB.does not protect them from windC.forces them to grow too quicklyD.damages some of the small side branches3.Why is a special substance painted on the tree?A.To make a wound smoothB.To prevent disease entering a woundC.To cover a rough surfaceD.To help a wound to dry4.A good gardener prunes a tree______.A.at intervals throughout the yearB.as quickly as possibleC.occasionally when necessaryD.regular every winter5.What was the author's purpose when writing this?A.To give pratical instruction for pruning a tree.B.To give a general description of pruningC.To explain how trees develop diseasesD.To discuss different methods of pruning.阅读理解（二）Liberia,the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica,has been struggling for survial ever since its foundation in1822.Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early19th century,and the West Africans whose ancestors never left the continent.Though the two groups are of the same race,they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.In addition,neighboring states,nativetribel,disease,and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult.The government has tried desperately,through loans and a trickle of trade,to make ends meet.Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when,in1910,the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's sruvival.However,not until Harvey Firestone,the American rubber king,decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber----with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations----did liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget.The rubber industry,founded in the1920's,and theactivity that followed it brought both progerss and profit to Liberi A.Before that time Liberia had no roads,no mechanical transport and no good port;its people had little education and few tools.Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber.For this reason,the recent discovery of iron ore is important.Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's political and economic independence.1.Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because______.A.the american negroes do not want to help the country.B.there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in the country.C.there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of the same tride.D.the goverment has adoped a wrong policy 2."The government has tried desperately,through loans and a trickle of trade,to make ends meet."to make ends meet"means_______.A.the goverment has to borrow money from othersB.the goverment has to lend money to othersC.the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend moneyD.the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money3.The country's finance began to improve a bit in________.A.1822B.1910C.1920D.1920's4.The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in_______.A.a total agreementB.a total disagreementC.a hostilityD.not a totalagreement5.The best title for this is_______.A.American Negroes in West AfricaB.liberia-----a poor countryC.liberia and its developmentD.liberia----a country with rich rubber and iron阅读理解（三）Personality is,to large extent,inherent--A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring.But the environment must also have a profound effect,since if competition is improtant to the parents,it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school,which is,by its very nature,a highly competitive institution.Too many schools adopt the"win at all costs"moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system,in which competitive A types seem in some way better than thier B-type fellows.Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides,the first marathonrunner,dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice,we conquer!".By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrateon those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable,but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously,it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into'B's.The would needs types,and schools have an important dutyto try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.1.Acoording to the author,waht factors contribute to the building of personality?A.inheritanceB.inheritance,competition and environmentpetitionD.environment2.Which of the following statements is not ture according to the author of the?A.Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.B.Students are often divided by competition results.C.School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.D.The stronger desire for winning,the better.3.The phrase"soak up"is closest in meaning to____.A.pull upB.take upC.take inD.pull in4.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?A.positiveB.negativeC.doubtfulD.neutral5.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management ofschools?A.All students be made into competitive A types.B.A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.C.All students be changed into B characteristics.D.Schools abolish all forms of examinations.二、完型填空More and more students want to study in“hot”majors.1a result,many students want to2their interests and study in these3such as foreign languages,international business and law,et C.Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors,4maths,physics and biology,and art majors, 5history,Chinese and philosophy.6students can study in these“hot”majors,because the number of these“hot”majors7limite D.If one8 interest in his work or study,9can he do well?I10this from one of my classmates.He is11the countryside.His parents are farmers.Though he12biology,he chose“international business”.He13to live a life which is different14of his parents.In the end,he found he15in doing business.He found all the subjects to be16.17this wouldn't have happened if he had chosen his major according to his own interests. Choosing a major in university18decide one's whole life.Majors19are not“hot”today may become the“hot”major of tomorrow.Choosing your major according to your own20is the bestway to succee D.1.A.Being B.For C.Having D.As2.A.give up B.appear C.give D.master3.A.place B.room C.areas D.space4.A.for example B.much as C.and so on D.as a result5.A.even B.like C.just D.or6.A.Only a few B.Quite a few C.Perhaps D.Many7.A.is B.are C.would be D.have been8.A.had no B.had C.has no D.has9.A.why B.and what C.how D.and how10.A.suggested B.guessed C.searched D.learned11.A.out of B.off C.in D.from12.A.studied B.likes C.learns D.succeeds to study13.A.wants B.doesn’t want C.enjoys D.doesn’t like14.A.from which B.from that C.for which D.for that15.A.was interested B.was clever C.was not interested D.was not clever16.A.lovely B.rare C.obvious D.tiresome17.A.So B.Then C.Just then D.Maybe18.A.can B.does not C.probably D.perhaps not to19.A.on which B.in which C.which D.——20.A.interests B.experience C.mind D.heart Cloze三、单词拼写1.Mr.Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到)the good news,we all jumped with joy.3.I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more c_______(舒服).4.W_______(星期三)is the fourth day of a week.5.Walking every day keep me f_____(健康)than before.参考答案：一、阅读理解：阅读理解（一）答案：BABCA阅读理解（二）答案：CCBDC阅读理解（三）答案：BDCCB二、完型填空1.【答案】D as a result表示“结果(是)……”。
20篇阅读理解(答案与解析)
答案与解析100%Passage 11.The author believes that a single⁃sex school would .A)force boys to hide their emotions to be real men”B)help to cultivate masculine ag⁃gressiveness in boysC)encourage boys to express their emotions more freely D)naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 1.C)㊂根据题干关键词a single⁃sex school,可将答案定位在第三段㊂该段主要讲述单性别的男子学校对于男孩发展的好处㊂根据 Boys...develop their emotional ex⁃pressiveness,rather than...conform to the boy code”of hiding their e⁃motions to be a real man ’.”可知,正确答案是C㊂A 选项是男女混校的情况;B 选项是传统的观点,不是作者的观点;D 选项原文未提及 ㊂2.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys .A)perform relatively better B)grow up more healthily C)behave more responsibly D)receive a better education 2.A)㊂根据题干关键词commonly believed 和mixed school 可将答案定位在第四段㊂该句话指出,研究结果与传统认为男女在一起受教育有利于男孩表现地更好的观点相反㊂由此可知,A 选项是对该句话中 received wisdom that boys do better when taught along⁃side girls”部分的同义替换,是正确答案㊂B㊁C㊁D 选项均夸大了对该句的理解,都不正确㊂3.What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A)It fails more boys than girls aca⁃demically.B)It focuses more on mixed school education.C)It fails to give boys the attention they need.D)It places more pressure on boys3.C)㊂根据题干关键词Tony Little 和the British education system 可将答案定位在第五段㊂该段明确指出,Tony 认为英国教育失败的原因在于过多关注女孩,而没有意识到男孩事实上比女孩更情绪化㊂由此可知,正确答案是C㊂A㊁B㊁D 选项均是对原文的片面理解,不是Tony 对英国教育体系的㊃1㊃than on girls.看法 ㊂4.According to Abigail James,one of the advantages of single⁃sex schools is .A)teaching can be tailored to suitthe characteristics of boys B)boys can focus on their lessonswithout being distracted C)boys can choose to learn whatev⁃er they are interested in D)teaching can be designed to pro⁃mote boys’team spirit 4.A)㊂根据题干中的关键词Abigail James 和one of the advantages of single⁃sex schools 可将答案定位在倒数第三段㊂根据该段首句话 in single⁃sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys’learning style...”可知,单性别男子学校的好处是可以根据男孩的特点来设计课程,由此可知A 是正确答案㊂B 选项未提及;C 选项太绝对;D 选项也未提及 ㊂5.Which of the following is character⁃istic of boys according to Abigail James’report?A)They enjoy being in charge.B)They conform to stereotypes.C)They have sharper vision.D)They are violent and sexist. 5.C)㊂根据题干中的关键词Abigail James’report 和characteristic of boys 可将答案定位在最后两段㊂这两段主要是通过男孩的特点运用对比来说明单性别的男子学校和男女混校对于男孩发展的利弊㊂选项C 与倒数第二段的第二句话 boys generally have more a⁃cute vision”吻合,是正确答案㊂A㊁B 以及D 选项均是对男孩特点的传统认识,不是Abigail James’re⁃port 的观点,所以均不正确 ㊂Passage 21.What does the author say about va⁃cationing?A)People enjoy it all the more dur⁃ing a recession.B)Few people can afford it withoutworking hard.C )It makes all the hard work worthwhile. 1.C)㊂根据题干关键词vacationing,可将答案定位在首段㊂根据该段的第四句, I say you only live once and we work hard and what’s the point if you can’t go on holiday.”可知作者认为不去度假那么工作又为何呢?所以选项C 是正确答案㊂选项A 与原文正好相反, 经㊃2㊃D)It is the chief cause of family disputes.济衰退使得人们积蓄减少,度假也自然就少了;选项B 文中未提及;根据原文,引起家庭争吵的主要原因并不是度假,而是对金钱的担心,所以选项D 也不正确 ㊂2.What does the author mean by say⁃ing money is known to bring arelationship to its knees”(Line 1,Para.2)?A)Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B)Some people sacrifice their dignityfor money.C)Few people can resist the tempta⁃tion of money.D)Disputes over money may ruin arelationship. 2.D)㊂根据题干括号中的明确提示直接定位㊂bring to its knees 意为ruin or destroy,所以该句的意思是money is a thing that can ruin or destroy relationship㊂由此可知选项D 是正确答案㊂选项A 夸大了金钱的作用,与原文无关;选项B 原文未提及;选项C 本身正确,但原文也未提及㊂另外,如果不知道bring...to its knees 意思,可根据 句意必与原文内容相关”的原则猜测,只有答案D 提到了rela⁃tionship,自然是答案,其余均与原文无关 ㊂3.The YouGov poll of 2,000people in⁃dicates that in a recession .A)conflicts between couples tend to rise B)it is more expensive for couplesto split up C)couples show more concern foreach other D)divorce and separation rates in⁃crease 3.A)㊂根据题干关键词YouGov poll of 2,000people 可将答案定位在第二段的 ...financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable.”由此可知,正确答案是A㊂选项B 是对make splitting up less affordable 的误解,原文是说更承担不起,而不是更贵了;选项C 原文未提及,只提及对金钱更担忧了;选项D 与原文不吻合,原文明确指出,经济衰退时离婚和分手率的提高不很明显 ㊂4.What does Kim Stephenson believe? 4.D)㊂根据题干关键词 Kim Ste⁃㊃3㊃A)Money is often a symbol of a person’s status.B)Money means a great deal toboth men and women.C)Men and women spend moneyon different things.D)Men and women view money indifferent ways.phenson 可将答案定位在第三段㊂但由于题干内容比较抽象,需对选项逐一甄别㊂选项A 只是其中的一部分内容,不全面,不是Kim Stephenson 的观点,所以不正确;选项B 只是原文的拼凑,与原文内容不符,也不是Kim Stephenson 的观点;选项C 也不正确,因为原文只提及男人与女人对金钱的观念不同,并未提及其消费对象不同㊂只有选项D 是Kim Stephen⁃son 的正确观点,是对have differ⁃ent ideas of what it’s for 的同义复述,所以正确答案是D ㊂5.The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should .A)put their money together insteadof keeping it separately B)make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets C)discuss money matters to main⁃tain a healthy relationship D)avoid arguing about money mat⁃ters to remain romantic 5.C)㊂根据题干关键词at the end of the passage 可将答案定位在最后一段的最后一句㊂ In a healthy relationship,you don’t have to agree about money,but you have to talk about it.”即为了维持良好关系,男女之间应该谈论金钱,所以正确答案是C㊂选项A㊁B㊁D 均未提及 ㊂Passage 31.What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for 1.B)㊂题干当中的junk food 可以定位到文章第一段:Junk food is eve⁃rywhere.We’re eating way too much of it.Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.判断推理题㊂第一段提到了对垃圾食品的评价:垃圾食品无处不在, 我㊃4㊃people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is gen⁃erally realized.们吃了太多的垃圾食品㊂虽然大部分人都知道自己在做什么,但我们仍然这样做㊂因此可知,人们知道垃圾食品不好,但还是买来吃㊂故选项B 正确㊂A) 应教育人们不要吃太多垃圾食品”;C) 垃圾食品诱惑力太大,人们难以抵制”;D) 垃圾食品的害处比人们普遍意识到的还要多㊂”在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂2.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A)They should be implemented ef⁃fectively.B)They provide misleading infor⁃mation.C)They are based on wrong as⁃sumptions.D)They help people make rational choices. 2.C)㊂由题干当中的Rand research⁃ers 和policy measures to control o⁃besity 可以定位到文章第三段:Many policy measures to control o⁃besity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing infor⁃mation and more access to healthier foods.判断推理题㊂第三段提到了很多控制减肥的政策措施都假定人们会有意识地㊁理性地选择吃什么和吃多少,因此这些政策都将重点放在提供信息以及提供更多获得健康食物的途径上㊂接下来第四段提到,那些没有做此假定的规章条例取得了成功㊂根据转折词in contrast 可以推断,很多控制肥胖症的政策因为假定错误,所以都失败了,故选项C 正确㊂A) 应该有效地执行这些政策”和B) 他们提供了误导性的信息”在原文均未提及,故排除 ;㊃5㊃D) 他们帮助人们做出理性的选择”,第四段第一句指出那些没有假定人们会做出理性选择的许多规章条例在酒类控制方面取得了成功,由此可知并不是控制减肥症的措施帮助人们做出理性的选择,而是他们以人们能做出理性的选择为基础,故排除 ㊂3.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A)Few people are able to resistalcohol’s temptations.B)There are already too manystores selling alcohol.C )Drinking strong alcohol cancause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers’over⁃consumption.3.D)㊂由题干当中的density restric⁃tions 可以定位到文章第六段:Density restrictions:licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol.These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.判断推理题㊂第六段提到了销售酒类的许可证不是毫无计划地颁布给所有申请者,而是根据一个地区已获得售酒许可的数量发放的㊂这些限制使得酒类没那么轻易购买,同时也减少了饮酒的心理暗示㊂由此可知,密度限制的目的是减少人们购买酒的机会,以此达到限酒的目的,故选项D 正确㊂选项细化:A) 很少有人能够抵制酒精的诱惑”;B) 已经有很多销售酒的商店了”;C) 喝烈酒会引起社会问题”,三个选项在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂4.What is the purpose of California’s 4.D)㊂由题干当中的California 和㊃6㊃rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the densityof alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up thehabit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers’im⁃mediate sight.in gas station 可以定位到文章最后一段第一句:Display and sales restrictions:California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations,and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive⁃through facilities.判断推理题㊂最后一段第一句提到了加利福尼亚州规定禁止在加油站收银处附近展示酒类,这是作为展示和销售限制规定的一个例子,根据全文可知,此规定的目的是减少人们购买酒类的计划,故选项D 正确㊂A) 为了有效地限制酒类销售商店的密度”,是限制酒类销售的措施,而非其目的,故排除;B) 为了帮助司机放弃饮酒习惯”和C) 为了防止附近地区可能产生的交通堵塞”在原文均未提及,故排除 ㊂5.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing people’s awarenessof their own health.C )Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D )Resorting to economic,legal and psychological means. 5.C)㊂题干当中的Rand researchers 可以定位到文章二段:So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation:Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?主旨大意题㊂文章第一段指出垃圾食品无处不在,第二段指出针对这个现象的措施,即学习酒类管制政策,对垃圾食品的销售场所以及展示方式进行限制,第三㊁四段解释为什么要学习酒类管制政策, 第㊃7㊃五至八段具体论述五类酒类管制政策可以学习㊂由此可知,兰德公司的研究人员关于控制垃圾食品的建议就是学习㊁借鉴酒类管制措施,故选项C 正确㊂A) 指导人们对食品做出理性的选择”,文中已经否定这个政策,故排除;B) 提升人们自身的健康意识”和D) 求助于经济㊁立法和心理措施”在原文均未提及,故排除㊂Passage 41.What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sud⁃den.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing the dominant role in the film market. 1.B)㊂由题干当中的Kodak 和选项中的bankrupt,digital revolution 可以定位到文章第一段第一句:Kodak’s decision to file for bankrupt⁃cy(破产)protection is a sad,though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pi⁃oneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for dec⁃ades,but ultimately failed to adapt tothe digital revolution.判断推理题㊂第一段第一句提到了柯达公司申请破产保护的决定对于这家举足轻重的美国公司而言是一个令人遗憾而又意料之中的转折点㊂由此可知,柯达公司正在走向衰落,故选项B 正确㊂A) 它突然破产”,第一段首句指出柯达公司申请破产保护,由此可知其尚未正式破产,故排除;C) 它发起了胶片行业的数字革命”,第一段最后一 句指出柯达公司没能适应数字化㊃8㊃的变革这一发展趋势,C)与原文不符,故排除;D) 它在胶片市场正处于主导地位”该段指出柯达公司在长达几十年的时间里,在胶卷市场占主导位置,但现在已经不在占据重要的位置,故排除 ㊂2.Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digit⁃al camera?A)To show its early attempt to re⁃invent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji Photo. 2.A)㊂由题干当中的Kodak’s inven⁃tion of the first digital camera 可以定位到文章第二段第一句: that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film and in fact,Kodak invented the first digital cam⁃era in 1975 判断推理题㊂第二段第一句提到了尽管许多人认为柯达的衰败在于其自满,但这一解释掩盖了柯达公司为了改造自己所做的努力㊂然后文章指出柯达公司于1975年发明了第一台数码照相机㊂由此可知,作者以柯达公司研制第一台数码照相机为例,是为了说明柯达公司在自我改造上的尝试,故选项A 正确㊂B) 为了证明它为了克服自满所做的努力”和D) 为了表明它愿意与日本富士胶片竞争”,与原文意思均不符,故排除;C) 为了表明它为了加速适应数字革命而做的调整”,与第一段内容不符,故排除 ㊂3.Why do large companies have diffi⁃culty switching to new markets? 3.D)㊂题干当中的large companies 和switching to new markets 可以定㊃9㊃A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in con⁃fronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in theirglorious past.位到文章第四段最后一句:Large companies have a difficult time switching to new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.判断推理题㊂第四段第一句提到了当大公司试图转向新市场时,都会经历一段困难的时期,因为把现有资产转移到新的行业要经受住一定的诱惑㊂然后文章在第五段以事例证明柯达公司沉溺于过去的辉煌,无法完全投身于将来,故选项D 正确㊂A) 他们发现放弃现有的资产代价很大”,与原文不符,故排除;B) 他们倾向于在应对新挑战方面反应慢”,第一段最后一句指出柯达公司没能适应数字化的变革这一发展趋势与原文不符,故排除;同理,C)与原文也不符,故排除 ㊂4.What does the author say Kodak’shistory has become?A)A burden.B)A mirror.C)A joke.D)A challenge.4.A)㊂题干当中的Kodak’s history has become 可以定位到文章第五段最后两句:Their history was so important to them.Now their histo⁃ry has become a liability.事实细节题㊂第五段指出柯达公司的企业文化过分沉溺于过去的辉煌,以至于无法彻底放下过去,而这正是投身于未来的先决条件㊂他们陷入过去而无法自拔㊂历史对于它来说太重要了,以至于成为了它的沉重的负担,故选项A 正确㊂B) 一面镜子”;C)一个笑话”和D) 一个挑战”与原文均不符,故排除 ㊂5.What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A)Its blind faith in traditional pho⁃tography.B)Its failure to see Fuji Photo’s e⁃mergence.C)Its refusal to sponsor the 1984Olympics.D)Its overconfidence in its corpo⁃rate culture.5.C )㊂题干当中的Kodak’s fatalmistake 可以定位到文章最后一段第四句:Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film forthe 1984Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation.事实细节题㊂最后一段提到柯达决定不再角逐1984年洛杉矶奥林匹克运动会官方胶卷赞助商的决定是一次重大的失误,故选项C 正确㊂A) 盲目相信传统的摄影技术”B) 未能看到富士胶片的崛起”和D) 过度自信的企业文化”与原文均不符,故排除㊂Passage 51.The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate .A)deprives many people of job oppor⁃tunitiesB)prevents many people from chan⁃ging careersC)should not stop people from loo⁃king for a job D)does not mean the U.S.economyis worsening 1.C)㊂题干当中的high unemploy⁃ment rate 可以定位到文章第一段的首尾句㊂As you are probably a⁃ware,the latest job markets news isn’t good:Unemployment is still more than 9percent,and new job growth has fallen close to zero.But it actually shouldn’t matter to you near⁃ly as much as you think.判断推理题㊂第一段的最后一句,作者明确指出,高失业率为求职者增添的就业难度并没有想象当中那么厉害㊂因此,可以体会作者的意图是:人们不应该因为就业压力大而放弃寻找工作㊂A 选项说高失业率会剥夺很多人的就业机会,该选项迷惑度高,因为一方面这是人们的一种没有经过验证的常识,另一方面因为第一段的首句提到了 新的就业增长率几乎为零”㊂B 选项说会阻止很多人转行,第一段的第三句说这样的消息可能会让打算转行的人感到沮丧,而并非说是阻止转行或无法转行㊂D 选项说这并不意味着美国经济在恶化,第一段第二句提到,此种情形对于美国的经济只会雪上加霜,故排除 ㊂2.Where do most job openings come from?A)Job growth.B)Job turnover.C)Improved economy.D)Business expansion.2.B)㊂由题干中的job openings 定位到第二段的前两句㊂That’s be⁃cause job growth numbers don’t mat⁃ter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替)data.After all,existing jobs open up every day due to promotions,resignations,ter⁃minations (解雇),and retirements.事实细节题㊂第二段前两句讲到因为对于求职者来说,就业人员更替的数据远比就业增长数据重要㊂无论怎样,每天都会出现很多新的工作岗位,因为不断有人晋升㊁辞职㊁被解雇和退休㊂故选项B 正确㊂A 选项 就业增长”,而原文讲到就业增长数据不及人员更替重要,故应排除㊂C 选项 改善的经济状况”,第二段第三句提到,无论经济环境好坏与否,人员更替都会产生大量的工作岗位,故应排除㊂D 选项 商业扩张”,整篇文章并没有提及该话题,这是一个无关选项,故应排除 ㊂3.What does the author say about over⁃all job growth?A)It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.B)It increases people’s confidence in the economy.C)It gives a ray of hope to the un⁃employed.D)It doesn’t mean greater job secur⁃ity for the employed.3.A)㊂题干当中有overall job growth 可以定位到第四段首句:I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s abil⁃ity to land a job.判断推理题㊂该定位句指出 我不是说整体就业增长率的高低不会影响个体找工作㊂”可以看出,就业增长率对于人们找工作还是有一些影响的㊂但是结合之后的描述发现,新增就业岗位对人们的影响有,但不是很大,因此选项A 正确㊂B) 它使得人们对于经济形势更有信心”,信心概念文章并没有提及,故应排除㊂C ) 它让失业人员拥抱希望”,希望概念并没有提及,故应排除㊂D) 它不能表示在职者更有职业安全感”,职业安全感也没有提及,因此排除 ㊂4.What is the key to landing a job ac⁃cording to the author?A)Education.B)Intelligence.C)Persistence.D)Experience.4.C)㊂题干中的landing a job 定位到第五段的首句㊂But what oftendistinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their abilityto stay motivated.判断推理题㊂原文第五段第一句,之所以有些人能够成功地找到工作,是因为他们始终保持积极尝试的能力,因此成功的秘诀在于 坚持不懈”㊂故选项C 正确㊂A) 教育”,未提及;B) 智力”,未提及;D) 经验”,未提及㊂三个选项均未提及,故排除 ㊂about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?A)They clearly indicate how health⁃y the economy is.B)They provide the public with the latest information.C)They warn of the structural prob⁃lems in the economy.D)They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.figures定位到第五段末句㊂The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that2.7million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even clas⁃sified as unemployed.判断推理题㊂定位句中,作者引用了劳工统计局的数据,明确指出,那些原本需要找工作却在四周内放弃了就业的人已经不再被认定为失业人员了㊂故选项D正确㊂A) 数据明确说明了经济形势的健康”,失业数据在文章中并没有和经济形式形成一种单一的对应关系,因为单独一个数据并不能清楚说明经济形势健康,故应排除㊂B) 对公众提供了最新的信息”,文章并没有提及 最新”二字,故应排除㊂C) 对于经济的结构问题提出了警示”,文章并没有提到 警示”,故应排除㊂Passage61.Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?A)It is believed to contribute tolong life.B)It is part of their health carepackage.C)The elderly are more sensitive a⁃bout their health.D)The elderly are in greater dangerof tumor growth.1.D)㊂题干当中有routine cancer screening,定位到文章第一段㊂Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age.So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors or doesn’t it?判断推理题㊂文章第一段首句指出,随着年龄的增长,人们罹患癌症的风险会逐渐增加㊂因此,老年人更容易罹患癌症,因此选项D正确㊂A)大家认为这样可以延长寿命”,而浏览整篇文章,仅仅在第四段出现了关于延长癌症病人生命的观点,而不是延长所有人的寿命,故排除㊂B) 是老年人医保套餐的组成部分”,原文没有提及老年人的医保套餐,故排除㊂C) 老年人对健康问题更加敏感”,文中并没有出现老年人关于自身健康问题的态度,故应排除 ㊂2.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the eld⁃erly?A)It adds too much to their medical bills.B)It helps increase their life ex⁃pectancy.C)They are doubtful about its ne⁃cessity.D)They think it does more harm thangood. 2.C)㊂从题干中的researchers 定位到原文第二段第一句:While suchvigilant (警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general,research⁃ersareincreasinglyquestioningwhether all of this testing is necessa⁃ry for the elderly.定位句意为:一般而言,这种由警惕而来的癌症筛查是一件好事,不过,研究者越来越开始怀疑,上述这些对于老年人的测试到底是否必要㊂由此可得,选项C 正确㊂A) 医疗账单由此大幅增加”,文章没有提到癌症筛除检查造成老年人账单增加的问题,故应排除㊂B) 检查能延长预期寿命”,该选项容易混淆,因为提到75岁以上部分人群因为通过定期体检发现了癌症,并因为及时治疗延长了寿命,然而这并不是研究者的观点,故应排除㊂D) 他们认为这样做是弊大于利”,从定位句的意义来看,这样做到底有无必要还没达成一致,因此这个选项也应排除 ㊂3.What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?A)It applies to women over 50.B)It is a must for adult women.C)It is optional for young women.D)It doesn’t apply to women over 74.3.B)㊂题干中的breast cancer 定位到第三段第二句㊂But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep⁃rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50and over 74stop screening for breast cancer,itcaused a riotous reaction among doc⁃tors,patients and advocacy groups.判断推理题㊂定位句提到因所有人都得进行癌症筛查这种想法早已根深蒂固,因此保健专家建议不满50岁和超过74岁的女性大可停止乳腺癌变的筛查,然而就是这样,医生㊁患者和主张筛查的人们反响不断㊂由此可知,女性们对于持续进行乳腺筛查很是认可,认为就是应该进行乳腺癌的筛查,故选项B 正确㊂A 选项和D 选项提到了50岁以上的女性和74岁以上的女性㊂然而,文章中虽然提到了50岁以下以及74岁以上的女性不用常规筛查,但这种观点并不传统,而是一种新观点㊂因此排除㊂C 选项 对于年轻女性是可选的”,对于年轻女性是否可选乳腺癌筛查,文中并没有交代,故可以排除 ㊂4.Why do many doctors prescribe rou⁃tine screening for cancer?A)They want to protect themselvesagainst medical disputes.4.A )㊂题干中的doctors prescribe routine screening 可以定位到第六段第二句:Dr.Otis Brawley said. Many doctors are ordering screen⁃medical care system.C)They want data for medical re⁃search.D)They want their patients to sufferless.”事实细节题㊂定位句中是医生Otis 的话,Otis 认为,很多医生之所以让病人进行癌症筛查,主要目的是为了保护自己㊂降低诊断风险,因此选项A 正确㊂B) 他们想利用医保系统”,文中未提及,故排除㊂C) 想要得到医疗研究数据”,文中未提及,故排除㊂D) 希望病人减少痛苦”,未提及,故排除 ㊂5.What does the author say is the gen⁃eral view about health care?A)The more,the better.B)Prevention is better than cure.C)Better early than late.D)Better care,longer life.5.A)㊂题干当中general view 定位到最后一段:That means making some difficult decisions with elderly pa⁃tients,and going against the misguid⁃ed belief that when it comes to health care,more is always better.同义转换题型㊂定位句中说到还得纠正一种被误导的观点,即,一说到医疗保险,就是越多越好㊂由此可知,选项A 正确㊂B) 预防胜于治疗”;C) 早治比晚治好;”D) 越多关心,寿命越长”;都未出现㊂故应排除㊂Passage 71.In the initial stage,the current eco⁃nomic crisis is likely to .A)tear many troubled families apart B)contribute to enduring family ties C)bring about a drop in the divorce rateD)cause a lot of conflicts in the fam⁃ily1.C)㊂根据第一段第二句中的If the Great Depression is any guide,we may see a drop in our skyhigh divor⁃ce rate 和最后一句In the long run,the Depression weakened American families,and the current crisis will probably do the same.the same 指代前面的drop 的内容㊂因此选项C 是正确答案㊂2.In the Great Depression many unhap⁃py couples chose to stick together be⁃cause .A)starting a new family would be hard B)they expected things would turn betterC)they wanted to better protect their kidsD)living separately would be too costly 2.D )㊂本题的定位词为unhappy couples,根据第二段中的内容:un⁃happy couples often couldn’t afford to divorce.They feared neither spouse could manage alone.选项D 中的costly 和原文中的couldn’t af⁃ford 对应 ㊂3.In addition to job losses,what stands in the way of unhappy couples get⁃ting a divorce?A)Mounting family debts.B)A sense of insecurity.C)Difficulty in getting a loan.D)Falling housing prices. 3.D)㊂根据第三段第二句:Further⁃more,the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.原文里面提到的是difficult 和题干中的stands in the way 同义替换,且后面提到的是卖房子,所以唯一与此相关的选项就是Falling housing prices ㊂4.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married cou⁃ples?A)It will force them to pull their ef⁃forts together.B)It will undermine their mutual un⁃derstanding.C)It will help strengthen their emo⁃tional bonds.D)It will irreparably damage their relationship.4.D)㊂最后一段第一句话中提到,经济危机造成了同样多关系破灭㊁感情无可挽回的夫妻㊂选项D 会无可挽回地损坏他们的关系”是正确答案㊂其中irreparably damage 对应原文中的 irreparably ruined.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.B)Few couples can stand the test of5.A)㊂源于最后一段的最后一句话So it’s only when the economy is healthy again that we will begin to see just how many broken families have been created.重点还是考单。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练
大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一）Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “Help Wanted”, “Real Estate”, “Lost and Found” are made, the rate charged bei ng less than for display advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on display type to get the reader’s attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type. With the increase in the number of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is competing with others in the same group for the reader’s attention. In many cases, the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality advertisement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising?1. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that ____.A) classified advertisement charges less moneyB) it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumersC) it provides more information for the readersD) it does not have to rely too much on display type2. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is ____A) houses for saleB) people who are asking for helpC) people who are lostD) job vacancies3. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to the writer?A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B) They are looking for something they need.C) They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.4．According to the passage, in which way have the classified advertisements changed nowadays?A) They depend more on display type.B) More money is charged for them.C) They are divided into more groups.D) They are less formal.5．Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance?A) Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B) Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now.D) Because there are more advertisements now and more competition among advertisers.答案与解析：1. C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。
2020年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案
2020 年 6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案2020 年6 月英语四级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections： In this section, there is a passage with tenblanks. You are required to select oneword from a list of choices given in a word bank passage. Read the passage throughcarefully for each blank following the before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by aletter.Please Answer Sheet 2 not use anyof mark the corresponding letter for each item on with a single line through the centre. You may the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you doit best exercise for regular equipment, everyone knows risk of injury. Thehuman vigorously enough, is theoverall physical activity. It requires no how to do it and it carries the 47 body is designed to walk. Youcanwalk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physicalactivity. Its purpose is tobuild both of which shrink with age. In do strength training two orthree and 50 bone and muscle mass, general, you will want to days a week, 51 recoverydays between sessions.Finally, importantas flexibility and balance training are 52the body ages. Aches and pains are high on thelist of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscletension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple： whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventB) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriouslyE) determined J) maximum O) topic参考答案47. H. lowest48. J. maximum49. D. component50. I. maintain51. A. allowing52. G. increasingly53. B. avoidable54. K. prevent55. L. principle56. C. brieflySectionBDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at theRand Corporation： Why not policies and apply them to displayed? take a lesson from alcohol control where food is sold and how it’s“Many policy measures to control obesity(肥胖症)assumethat people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing and more access to healthier foods,” note the researchers. information two“In contrast,” the researchers continue,“many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavi or with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions,and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them：Density restrictions： licensesto handed out unplanned to all comers but 配)basedonthenumberofplacesinan sell alcohol aren’t are allotted(分area that already sellalcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell foodrich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display prohibiting and sales restrictions： California has a rule alcohol displays near the cash registers in gasstations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets,food have their wares in places where they’re could remove junk food to the back ofthe companies pay to easily seen. One store and ban themfrom the shelvesat include restricting special pricedeals checkout lines. The other measures portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting for junk foods, and placing warninglabels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.参考答案57.C 58.C 59.D 60.D 61.CSection C Passage OneQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy(破产)protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s do wnfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths towhich itself. Decades ago, Kodak photography would overtake invented the firstdigital thecompanyanticipatedfilm —andwent to reinventthat digitalin fact, Kodakcamera in 1975 — but in a fatefuldecision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to thefuture, Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness said School, tobut rather that confront it. By was too late. it failedtothe timetheexecute on a strategycompany realized its mistake, itKodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to doso, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is ato put existing assets into the new businesses.temptationAlthough Kodak anticipated the inevitablerise photography,itscorporate(企业的) culturewastoo the successes of the past for it to make the clean necessary to fully embrace the future. They werea of digitalrooted inbreakcompany stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades wasdramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90%of for photographic film and 85% of the market for the 1980s brought new competition fromJapanese the market cameras. But film companyFuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower pricesfor the was film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji,which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do markets? large companies have difficulty switching tonewA) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.参考答案62. B.63. A.64. D.65. A.66. C.。
四级考试阅读理解练习题20篇
大家论坛 四级版最近更新：历年大学英语四级精华资料大全，史上最全最有效~新东方老师2011年6月四六级成绩分析及12月学习规划建议新东方2011四级暑假复习宝典附学习资料新东方英语四级精品全程班课件(音频+视频+word)汇总大学英语四级备考词汇资料大汇总大学英语四级备考阅读资料大汇总大学英语四级备考听力资料大汇总大学英语四级综合(写作、翻译、完形、语法)资料大汇总大学英语四六级口语考试备考资料汇总大学英语四级机考资料汇总大家论坛 六级版最近更新：历年大学英语六级精华资料大全，史上最全最有效~历年大学英语六级真题试卷word+答案+听力原文+MP3（1990‐2011.6）新东方2011英语六级精品全程班(音频+视频+word)汇总历年大学英语六级阅读精华资料汇总历年大学英语六级词汇精华资料汇总历年大学英语六级综合(写作、翻译、完形、口语)及听力精华资料汇总大学英语四六级口语考试备考资料汇总更多精彩内容，欢迎您到大家网来，与438万网友一同分享！资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.html四级考试阅读理解练习题20篇大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一（含答案）There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmed资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二（含答案）The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmllast and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60％b. 50％c. 33％d. 90％答案：cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三（含答案）Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlbe flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.html4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texasburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案：ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四（含答案）Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlcurrent effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之五（含答案）The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.1.What is the best possible title of the passage?a.Drug and Foodb.Cancer and Healthc.Food and Healthd.Health and Drug2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasonsb.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animalsc.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmld.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.4.What are nitrates used for?a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.b.They preserve the color of meats.c.They are the objects of research.d.They cause the animals to become fatter.5.The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means '_____'.a.trouble-makingb.color-retainingc.money-makingd.cancer-causing答案：cacbd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之六（含答案）As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlthing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmld.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之七（含答案）In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmldo things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologist资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmld.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之八（含答案）There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environment资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by education资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmld.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之九（含答案）As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in ties资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十（含答案）If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmlnew ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.htmla.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之十一（含答案）What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow , orange ,red? If you do ,you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet,shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know,because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts,that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up----we are born with our preference.If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.资料下载：四级 /thread‐2271172‐1‐1.html。
2020年大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight" or "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to ______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcbThere are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attainthe level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth,and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbccAs she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on yourtoes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith didnot hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcdIf the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus ismuch hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into theatmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot forman to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
大学英语口级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section・ Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements・ For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D)・ You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre・Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage・In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed・ Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption ・A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite・Several hours after a meal, people* s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they* d eaten but rather by how much food they* d seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating・This disparity (盖弃)suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M・ Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristo1・'"Hunger isn t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that mealt " Brunstrom says・ "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought・"These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimestrick our body? s response to the food itself・ In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙)，depending on whether the shake * s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories・ Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they* d consumed a higher-calorie shake・What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating・The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says・注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案
2020年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案2020年12月大学英语四级阅读真题及答案Section AWith the world’s population estimated to grow from sixto nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses and governments are already dealing with the impact this increase will have on everything from food and water to infrastructure an jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demandfor energy, which is expected to double over the next 40 years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a 48________, sustainable way is the cornerstone of our nation’s energy security, and will be one of the major 49________ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are 50________ being funded and developed, and will play a growing 51________ in the world’s energy supply. But experts say that, even when 52________, alternative energy sources will likely meet only about 30% of the world’s energy needs by 2050.For example, even with 53________ investments, such asthe $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternative energy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ only about 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative.A stableB solutionsC significantD roleE progressF marvelousG includedH growthI exactlyJ consistK comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly查看参考答案47. N) challenges48. A) stable49. E) progress50. O) certainly51. D) role52. M) combined53. C) significant54. G) included55. K) comprise56. B) solutionsSection BPassage OneBoys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, theabsence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers forfailing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading andwriting with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in。
2020年9月大学英语四级阅读理解整理(最新)
【篇一】2020年9月大学英语四级阅读理解Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl."Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experiencewith them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy wasan accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this reconciliation (协调) process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of fathers.It is argued by some writers that the change to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the change the wife must take to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative(创新的) adaptation. On the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.【篇二】2020年9月大学英语四级阅读理解Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way isthere for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) thanto step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, theytend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.【篇三】2020年9月大学英语四级阅读理解Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola(可乐) companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either C0ca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型)or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的)Coke, or DietPepsi-These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.We eventually located 19regular cola drinkers and 27diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentifiedsamples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked themto tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants 'choices with what mere gum-work would have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7out of19regular cola drinkers correctly identified theirbrand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -only 7of27identified all four samples correctly.While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burn out, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.。
2020年12月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案
2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案2020年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millionsof American youngsters. But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症). Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French friesand soda in its kids’ meals starting th is month, althoughthey will still be 50. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.“We’re asking the customers to 52 what they want,” said CraigPrus her, the chain’s vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路⾥), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups： fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语英语四级练习卷(含答案) (5)
大学英语四级试练习卷一、阅读理解On Thursday afternoon Mrs.Carke,dressed for going out,took her handbag with her money and her key in it,pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over60s CluB.She always went there on Thursdays.It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.At six o'clock she cane home,let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke.Cigarette smoke in her house?How?How?Had someone got in?She checked the back door and the windows.All were locked or fastened,as usual.There was no sign of forced entry.Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-"a master key"perhaps.So she stayed at home the following Thursday.Nothing happeneD.Was anyone watching her movements?On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time,dressed as usual,but she didn't go to the club.Instead she took a short cut home again,letting herself in through her garden and the back door.She settled down to wait.It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang.Mrs.Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time.The bell rang again,and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open.With the kettle of boiling water in her hand,she moved quietly towards the front door.A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box,and then a hanD.The wire turned and caught around the knobon the door-lock.Mrs.Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hanD.There was a shout outside,and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove.The wire fell to the floor,the hand was pulled back,and Mrs.Clarke heard the sound of running feet.1.Mrs.Clarke looded forward to Thursday because_______.A.she worked at a club on the dayB.she said visitors on ThursdaysC.she visited a club on ThursdayD.a special visitor came on Thursday2.If someone had made a forced entery,_______.A.Mrs.Clarke would have found a broken door or windowB.he or she was still in the houseC.things would have been thown aboutD.he or she would have needed a master key3.On the third Thursday Mrs.Clarke went out_______.A.because she didn't want to miss the club againB.to see if the thief was hnging about outsideC.to the club but then changed her mindD.in an attempt to trick the thief4.The lock on the front door was one which_______.A.needed a piece of wire to open itB.could he opened from inside without a keyC.could't be opened without a keyed a knob instead of a key5.The wire feel to the floor_______.A.because Mrs.Clarke refused to open the doorB.when the man's glove dropped offC.because it was too hot to holdD.because the man justwanted to get away二、完型填空Most parents,I suppose,have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children.And they must have1how difficult it is to write a2children’s book.Either the author has aimed too3,so that the children can’t follow what is in his(or more often,her)story,4the story seems to be talking tothe readers.The best children’s books are 5very difficult nor very simple,and satisfy both the6who hears thestory and the adult who7it.Unfortunately,there are in fact8books like this,9the problem of findingthe right bedtime story is not10to solve.This may be why many of books regarded as11of children’s literature were in fact written for12.“Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland”is perhaps the most13of this.Children,left for themselves,often14 the worst possible interest in literature.Just leave a child inbookshop o15and he will16willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way,or have a look at most children’s comics,full of the stories andjokes which are the17of teachers and right-thinkingparents.Perhaps we parents should stop trying to brainwash childrensintos18our taste in literature.After allchildren and adults are so19that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the20books.So I suppose we’ll just have to compromise over that bedtime story.1.A.hoped B.realized C.told D.said2.A.short B.long C.bad D.good3.A.easy B.short C.high D.difficult4.A.and B.but C.or D.so5.A.both B.neither C.either D.very6.A.child B.father C.mother D.teacher.7.A.hears B.buys C.understands D.reads8.A.few B.many C.a great deal of D.a great number of9.A.but B.however C.so D.because10A.hard B.easy C.enoughD.fast11.A.articles B.work C.arts D.works12.A.grown ups B.girls C.boys D.children13.A.difficult B.hidden C.obvious D.easy14.A.are B.show C.find D.add15.A.school B.home C.office D.library16.A.more B.less C.able D.be17.A.lovingness B.interests C.objections D.readings18.A.receiving B.accepting C.having D.refusing19.A.same B.friendly C.different monmon B.avarage C.different D.Same三、翻译1、The train was delayed on account of snow.翻译：__________________________________________________.2.You need to check in on hour before the flight.翻译：___________________________________________________3.Thoughts can also be expressed by means of musiC.翻译：________________________________________________________ 4、The shop is now licensed to sell cigarettes.翻译：__________________________________________________.5、You mustn’t let the body temperature drop too low.翻译：________________________________________________________参考答案：一、阅读理解：答案：CADBD二、完型填空1.【答案】B按意义选词，肯定知道。
大学四级阅读理解(精选5篇)
大学四级阅读理解（精选5篇）1.大学四级阅读理解第1篇四级阅读的题目中，有些问题提问的不只是一个方面，这类题目考查的就是小伙伴们整合信息的能力了。
虽然说在一般情况下，我们的四级阅读是一个萝卜一个坑，一道题目考查一个信息，但是还是会有复合型题目的出现。
有些题目，需要我们整合整篇文章的有用信息来作答，有的题目需要我们整合某几段的内容，大家在做题的时候要提炼出每一段的主旨大意，这样在后做题的时候，就更方便我们得到答案了。
2.大学四级阅读理解第2篇一、写作写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示(如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等)写出一篇短文，四级120-180词，六级150-200词。
二、听力为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自20XX年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。
调整的相关内容说明如下：1、取消短对话。
2、取消短文听写。
3、新增短篇新闻(3段)，其余测试内容不变。
自本次考试起，调整后的CET4听力时间为25分钟，考试起止时间调整为9:00-11:20。
三、阅读理解阅读理解部分包括1篇长篇阅读和3篇仔细阅读，测试学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解篇章或段落的主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等能力。
该部分所占分值比例为35%，其中长篇阅读占10%，仔细阅读占25%。
考试时间40分钟。
四、翻译翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
翻译题型为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。
3.大学四级阅读理解第3篇torture 拷问,痛苦拷问,使痛苦,曲解auto autos=automobile 自动汽车自动的,自己的diligent 勤奋的, 用功的label 标签; 称标记，符号; [建] 门或窗户上面的线脚贴标签于; 把…称为; 把…列为; [化]用放射性元素使(元素或原子等)示踪aerial 空气的; 航空的，空中的; 空想的 [电讯] 天线track 小路, 跑道, 轨道, 踪迹; 惯例, 常规跟踪, 追踪roast 烤肉,烘烤烘烤的,烤过的烤,烘焙spray 水沫,喷雾器 & 喷雾,扫射,喷射alert 警觉的,灵敏的警戒,警报警惕,使意识到herd 兽群,人群,牧人群集,使成群,放牧聚在一起environmental 环境的spur 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺plot 阴谋, 情节，图, (小块)土地，绘图, 密谋, 计划，标示位置purchase 购买, 购买的物品支点; 紧握, 抓紧购买, 赢得; (用设备)举起, 移动participate 参加某事; 分享某事得到或接受某部分东西excel 超过, 优于胜出 [计算机] 软件名称stain 污染,污点,著色沾染,染污,著色battery 电池,一系列,排炮mortgage 抵押抵押;房屋抵押贷款expenditure (时间、劳力、金钱等)支出,使用,消耗racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的accelerate 加速,提前,跳级加速gaze 凝视凝视survive 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过活着, 继续存在suspect 猜疑(是); 怀疑，不信任; 怀疑…有罪嫌疑犯怀疑session 开会，会议;(法庭的)开庭; 会期，学期; (进行某活动连续的)一段时间purify (使)净化，(使)精炼，涤罪harmonious 和睦的, 和谐的, 音调优美的release 释放, 让渡, 发行释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射element 成分,要素,元素,基本原理,(复数)恶劣天气settle 有背的长凳安放,安顿,解决,决定,付清(欠款) 定居,降落acute 尖的，锐的; 敏锐的，敏感的; 严重的，剧烈的; [医]急性的, 激烈的, 尖锐的profound 极深的,深奥的,深厚的,严重的luxury 奢侈, 豪华, 奢侈品induce 引诱,导致,催生admission 许可, 入会费, 承认historic 有历史意义的virtue 美德,优点;贞操convince 说服, 使相信operator 操作员,管理者,技工,报务员legal 法律的,合法的,法定的4.大学四级阅读理解第4篇江湖上，每每侠客想要救人或是寻求某物都会有这样那样的闯关之说，想想我们考研的一干人等在通关考研这个环节也与江湖规则有相似之处。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）
2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题【阅读】Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were pre dicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previousmeal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says. "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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2020年大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇（5）
When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』① At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.
As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend
largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the forms of words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few
others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we
shall see later when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward
language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at
the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy and
re-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②
1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .
A. attempt to continue the standardization of the
language
B. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patterns
C. be more concerned about the improvement of the
language than its analysis or history
D. be more aware of the rules of the language usage
2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word
“inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.
A. Changes in the forms of words.
B. Changes in sentence structures.
C. Changes in spelling rules.
D. Words that have similar meanings.
3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.
B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.
C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.
D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.
4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .
A. historian
B. philosopher
C. anthropologist
D. linguist
5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.
B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.
C. Our changing language.
D. Some characteristics of modern English.
Vocabulary
1. span n. 跨度，范围，一段时间，期间
2. imperceptible adj. 感觉不到的，觉察不到的，极细微的
3. organism n. 生物体，有机体。