上海市杨浦区2019届高三英语一模

学霸学习提醒
一、课本是最好的老师。

要注重基础，反复研读课本，巩固基础知识。

二、要养成良好的学习习惯。

良好的学习习惯是高效率掌握知识的保障。

三、要保持良好的学习状态，自信踏实，刻苦努力，以饱满的精神迎接新一天的挑战。

四、课堂上：专心听讲是第一位。

事实证明，自以为是的确是不好的习惯。

同样的例题，自己看懂与听老师讲懂是完全不同的两种效果。

五、建议同学们在课外多投入些时间做题，并且要从心里重视数学。

还应该准备一个错题本，老老实实地将每次错过的题抄在上面，并写上正确的解题思路，变不懂为精通。

特别提醒：请学习稍差的同学一定不要放弃，哪怕到最后一学期，也不能放弃。

只要按照老师说的去做，只要塌实地付出了，就一定会有奇迹出现。

永远不要放弃拼搏，因为奇迹只发生在相信奇迹存在的人身上
杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研
英语学科试卷2018. 12
考生注意：
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择
题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Job applicants. B. University students.
C. News reporters.
D. Public speakers.
2. A. $ 36. B. $60.
C. $ 24.
D. $30.
3. A. Nervous. B. Excited.
C. Surprised.
D. Calm.
4. A. They can hardly find time to do exercise.
B. Both of them are fond of doing exercise.
C. Doing exercise is the last thing they’d like to do.
D. The woman disagrees to do exercise with the man.
5. A. Student and teacher. B. Guest and receptionist.
C. Customer and shop assistant.
D. Daughter and father.
6. A. The Student Union. B. The Tutoring Service Center.
C. Her professor’s office.
D. Her tutor’s home.
7. A. The coverage of newspapers. B. The nature of humans.
C. The increase of crime rate.
D. The impact of mass media.
8. A. Doctor Green is very busy on Mondays.
B. Doctor Green forgot to put the man on the schedule.
C. An unexpected patient visited Doctor Green last Monday.
D. Patients can usually see Doctor Green on schedule.
9. A. She is disappointed with his decision.
B. She is crazy about going camping in the tropical jungle.
C. She tries to persuade the man not to go with Jerry.
D. She suggests the man reconsider his plan.
10. A. Because he favors goods in physical stores.
B. Because he enjoys the offline shopping experience.
C. Because he doesn’t have much money.
D. Because he doesn’t like the shopping festival.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A number of giant rats are hidden in the fields or forests.
B. Violent robbers may come out and hurt innocent civilians.
C. People may step onto a landmine (地雷) and get injured.
D. Other roads have a litter problem, which spoils good mood.
12. A. It is a rare species of rat.
B. It has a good sense of smell.
C. It sacrifices its life to detect dangers.
D. It is terrified of explosive devices.
13. A. 13 minutes. B. 30 minutes.
C. 40 minutes.
D. 4 days.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It bans the sales of salty and unhealthy food.
B. Its residents lose altogether 100,000kg by 2020.
C. Everyone weighs himself on giant scales in public.
D. Local doctors make personalized diets for everyone.
15. A. Local people share healthy diet with each other.
B. Thousands of residents kick football to keep slim.
C. Local restaurants use olive oil to replace butter.
D. Government officials persevere in physical exercise.
16. A. Students are encouraged to walk or ride to school.
B. Students are allowed to ride bicycles in school libraries.
C. Parents are offered devices to monitor children's walking time.
D. Fruits are provided for those who are addicted to online games.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Neither of them can find a suitable game.
B. They are both enthusiastic about games.
C. Good games cost a large amount of money.
D. They often go Dutch when buying gifts.
18. A. It includes fantasy role-playing.
B. It doesn’t have an actual ending.
C. It is an expensive online game.
D. It is something like a racing game.
19. A. Players have opportunities to make new friends.
B. Players can have face-to-face communication.
C. Players may be rewarded with delicious food.
D. Players can start the game at anytime they want.
20. A. Add variety to the recommended game.
B. Look around to find a cheaper online game.
C. Persuade the woman to change her mind.
D. Try to find an extraordinary online game.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-free
The world loves tea and some 3m tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol （胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) _____ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.
(22) _____ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) _____ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) _____ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) _____ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.
(26) _____ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) _____ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.
Now the researchers (28) _____ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time—and sometimes it does not work—for new plant varieties (29) _____ (breed) for commercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) _____ (report). Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Dealing with Difficult Relationships
Everyone has at least one awkward or __31__ relationship. It may be with somebody who will __32__ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it's necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.
Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by __33__ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it's time to study for tomorrow's test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your __34__ goals.
Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It's easy to overcommit yourself. But it's difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own __35__.
How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it's time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.
1. How does this relationship affect me?
Every __36__ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone who pressures you to something you're not comfortable doing will __37__ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your __38__ to try something new. 2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?
People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By __39__ you it's your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining __40__ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.
Setting boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying "no" to harmful patterns in relationships, you say "yes" to a healthier you.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann __41__ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.
A new study in the journal Social Science Research, published in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational __42__, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them.
In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were __43__ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.
The research shows that the number of books for each household __44__ greatly from country to country. __45__, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total __46__ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere", according to researcher Joanna Sikora of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.
The researchers found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n) __47__ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.
The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage."
"Reading books in a young age can __48__ shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy: its impacts are __49__ to additional years of education," Sikora told Science Alert.
Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success.
"Early __50__ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that __51__ lifelong cognitive（认知的）abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are __52__ to future development.
Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could __53__ the importance of printed books. For now, __54__, "they still seem to __55__ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.
41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly
42. A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development
43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated
44. A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies
45. A. By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total
46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions
47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar
48. A. make up for B. break up with C. live up to D. catch up with
49. A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar
50. A. addiction B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure
51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire
52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory
53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect
54. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. likewise
55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduce
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
"Don't tell anyone". We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We're often tempted to "spill the beans", even if we regret it later.
According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, US, keeping a secret may well "become a burden". This is because people often have an "obsessive（无法摆脱的）and anxious urge to share it with someone".
An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.
But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all? Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share secrets is guilt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. "Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone," according to Shah.
He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out. But this doesn't mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.
Shah said that to judge whether to tell someone a secret, you'd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustn't give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someone's secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isn't so secret anymore.
56. The underlined phrase "spill the bean" is closest in meaning to _____.
A. let out a secret
B. tell the truth
C. eat our words
D. take gossip
57. A person who is entrusted with a secret ______.
A. is often obsessed with a certain threat
B. often would rather not have been told about it
C. usually has a strong desire to keep it until death
D. may suffer from physical or psychological problems
58. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Quiet people are more likely to keep the secrets to themselves.
B. Sharing secrets helps establish friendship or get over the sense of guilt.
C. It’s better to inform others of the chances of your leaking secrets beforehand.
D. Putting yourself in others’ shoes helps realize the difficulty of keeping secrets.
59. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Walls have ears.
B. Still tongues make wise heads.
C. A word spoken is past recalling.
D. Every wall has a crack.
(B)
Does the thought of cooking an entire Christmas dinner for friends and family make you shudder? Our cookery writer Sophie Godwin has created the ultimate simplified menu for a stress-free day. With a range of time-saving techniques and showstopping flavour twists, this is the only festive menu you'll ever need. Embrace the art of the shortcut!
Your timeplan to eat at 2pm
View and print our at-a-glance infographic time plan.
•11am Take your turkey out of the fridge.
•11.30am Heat the oven. Prepare the rosemary butter and rub underneath the turkey skin.
•12pm Put the turkey in the oven to roast.
•12.15pm Boil the potatoes and root vegetables. Make the harissa & orange marmalade glaze. Chop the ingredients for the stuffing sprouts.
•1pm Baste the turkey, pour in the white wine and nestle cabbage wedges around the bird. Return to the oven.
• 1.10pm Prepare the separate ingredients for the mackerel starter.
• 1.25pm Smash the roasties and put them in the oven.
• 1.30pm Check the turkey – take out to rest if the internal temperature has reached 65C.
Return the cabbage to the oven to finish cooking.
• 1.35pm Toss the roasted roots in the harissa glaze, then put in the oven.
• 1.40pm Make the gravy, cook the sprouts and keep warm.
•2pm Sit down to eat the starter, with everything for your lunch ready to go.
•The dessert takes just 10 minutes to assemble, so you can do it once you've enjoyed the main course.
Buy your ingredients
We've pre-loaded your shopping list so that you can quickly buy all your ingredients for this menu in one go. Just click below to be taken to your shopping list, where you can buy all your ingredients from your preferred supermarket, add or remove any ingredients as needed, and even print the list, to use direct when shopping. (Serves 6)
The above shopping list is powered by Whisk. Please check your list thoroughly before purchasing. If the same items appear across different recipes they will not automatically combine in your list and you'll need to do this manually. Please also check the products that have been selected via the Whisk program, as you may prefer a different brand from that listed.
60.Which section CAN’T we find on the website?
A. Classic cocktails
B. Vegetarian Christmas
C. Roast calculator
D. Wealth management
61. How long does it take to roast the turkey?
A. 1 hour
B. 2 hours
C. 1.5 hours
D. 2.5 hours
62. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The entire Christmas dinner is composed of a roasted turkey and dessert.
B. The automatically-generated shopping list is just for users’ reference.
C. Most of the ingredients on the shopping list come from the same brand.
D. You can buy all your ingredients online through Whisk by one click.
(C)
You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that there's someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps, not ours?
According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.
In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research centered on an intuition (直觉) -- that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps -- as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena: how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments.
In the experiment, researchers controlled the sounds a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like "running on a tiny piano with
each key playing exactly the same note", senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.
Scientists found that their auditory cortex(听觉皮层) -- the area of the brain that processes sound -- became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.
"It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter (过滤) out the sound of their own movements," David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neural Science at New York University, told HuffPost.
But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.
"For mice, this is really important," said Schneider. "They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they're walking and making noise.
Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument.
"When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we're going to hear -- such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano -- and we compare this to what we actually hear," explains Schneider. "We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play -- and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors."
63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?
A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar sounds.
B. They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice.
C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.
D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.
64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?
A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.
B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.
C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environment.
D. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.
65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong
note is played?
A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.
B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.
C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.
D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.
66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.
B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.
C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.
D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.
Section C
Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Building a lasting social relationship
We all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.
According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use “we-talk”.
Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000 participants. __________67__________
The word “we”moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “__________68__________Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them,” Robbins told Science Daily.
__________69__________The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner – especially important in times of stress and disagreement.
Contrary to “we-talk”, there is “I-talk”, which refers to the frequent use of first-person singular pronouns, such as “I”, “me”and “mine”, when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researchers analyzed a set of data that came from 4,700 people in Germany and the US. __________70__________ As you can see from the two studies, too much “I-talk”can make you feel depressed. But “we-talk”can encourage you to become more positive and create a chain effect of healthy interdependence with others.
So next time you’re talking to a friend, try using more “we-talk”. You may find yourself feeling more positive –and the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.
IV. Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think: “I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastination（拖延症）”.
According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.
It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’t stop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them u p in the first place.
“People who generally have trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are also more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.
Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bedtime. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.
“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jana Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm Unive rsity, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”
People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect our sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 无论幸福的定义如何变化，人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利。

（right）
73. 在团队精神的鼓舞下，研究小组的每个成员都为新项目作出了自己的贡献。

(contribution)
74. 越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰，这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的。

（result）
75. 在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的。

它不仅违背了医学伦理道德，
并且可能产生无法预知的后果。

（Not）
VI. Guided Writing
Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法。

杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.M: I’ve been assigned to cover the visiting professor’s speech today. What about you?
W: Nothing is grand as yours. I have to do an interview for the evening news about a man adopting over 200 dogs.
Q: What are the speakers? (C)
2.M: How much are these lovely roses?
W: The regular price is $30 a dozen, but, as you know, on such a special day, it’s 20% up.
Q: How much should the man pay for a dozen roses today? (A)
3.W: You seem to be unable to sit still today. What’s going on ?
M: The winner of the first prize will be announced at the conference today.
Q: How does the man feel today? (A)
4.M: For me, a day hardly goes by without doing exercise.。