现在分词与动名词的区别

现在分词与动名词的区别

现在分词与动名词统称为-ing 形式,但在意义和用法上还是有一些区别。掌握这些细微的区别，对于准确理解句子的意思还是有帮助的。

一、现在分词的基本用法

分词的用法主要要掌握三点：

1、分词已经转化为形容词，强调事物的某个特点。例如：

He is a promising young man. 他是一个有前途的年轻人。

What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。

2、分词(包括分词短语) 仍然保留的正在进行时的特点，侧重于正在进行的特点。例如：Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. 声音小点，有个孩子正在睡觉。

The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editorof the campus newspaper.

坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。

Those wishing to join this club should sign here.

(正在)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。

The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.

由于正被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。

Any one having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

I sometimes hear a girl singing downstairs. 有时我听到楼下有一个小姑娘在唱歌。

3、分词短语相当于一个状语从句。

Arriving in Paris, I lost my way. 到了巴黎的时候，我迷了路。（时间）

When crossing the street,do be careful. 过马路时要小心。

Having lived in London for years, I almostk now every place quite well.

在伦敦住过多年，我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。（原因）

Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport.

80多个国家都踢足球，因此足球成了一种很流行的运动。（结果）

I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。（方式）

Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 如果更细心，你会犯更少的错误。（条件）Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难找回。

He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head. 他躺在那里思考着，双手放在头下。

4、含有现在分词的独立主格结构，实际上也相当于一个状语从句。

All the tickets having been sold out,we had to wait for the next week’s show. 因为所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等着看下周的演出。

The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street.

足球赛结束后，人群便涌到大街上。

Nobody (being) in,I didn’t enter the hall. 因为里面没有人，我没进大厅。

The river looks more beautiful, with flowers and grass growing on both sides.

这条河看上去更加漂亮，因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

二、动名词的基本用法

动名词最大的特点，是它已经转化为一个表示某种活动或是某件事情的名词，因而它和名词一样可以作主语、表语、宾语。

1、作主语(表示一件事)。例如：

Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。

Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.

早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。

[注] 动名词作主语时，也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。例如：

It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。

There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。

2、作表语(表示一件事)

His part-time job is promoting new products for the company.

他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.

读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。

Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。

3、作宾语(表示一件事)

He managed to escape suffering from the disease. 他设法避免患那种疾病。

I like playing chess with you , but not today . 我喜欢和你下棋，但不是今天。

When did you begin learning (to learn) English? 你什么时候开始学英文的？

He is fond of watching sports-games. 他喜欢观看体育竞赛。

Thank you for offering me so much help. 感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。

I regret having said some rude words to my brother. 我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。

We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing. 我们不知道他们干过这种事情。

4、动名词可以有被动语态。例如：

People hate being praised for nothing . 人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。

The problem is far from being solved . 这问题远没得到解决。

She didn't mind being left alone at home . 她不介意被一人留在家里。

5、作定语

动名词作定语，侧重于“用途”。例如：

swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料

walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词

listening aid 助听器

waiting room 候车室