一非谓语动词种类及句法功能
非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用
非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分,但不具备人称和数的变化。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,它们在句子中的位置和作用各有不同。
一、非谓语动词的种类1. 不定式(Infinitive)不定式由“to”加上动词原形构成,例如:to eat、to sleep。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词的宾语、主语、表语等。
2. 动名词(Gerund)动名词相当于动词和名词的结合体,以动词ing形式作为名词使用,例如:reading、writing。
动名词可以用作主语、宾语、表语等。
3. 分词(Participle)分词根据其形式和作用分为现在分词(ing形式)和过去分词(过去分词形式)。
分词可以用作形容词、状语、补语等。
二、非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用1. 不定式在句子中的位置和作用(1)不定式可以用作主语例如:To study is important for students.(学习对学生来说很重要。
)(2)不定式可以用作宾语例如:I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。
)(3)不定式可以用作定语例如:The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking.(学习一门语言最好的方法是练习口语。
)(4)不定式可以用作表语例如:Her goal is to become a doctor.(她的目标是成为一名医生。
)2. 动名词在句子中的位置和作用(1)动名词可以用作主语例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益于健康。
)(2)动名词可以用作宾语例如:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢阅读书籍。
)(3)动名词可以用作定语例如:The dancing girl caught everyone's attention.(跳舞的女孩引起了所有人的注意。
非谓语动词的种类和用法
非谓语动词的种类和用法非谓语动词是指不具备主谓关系,不能独立构成句子谓语的动词形式。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
本文将详细介绍这三种非谓语动词的种类和用法。
一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以用作名词、形容词或副词。
不定式常用作下列几种形式:1. 作主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,如:To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学一门外语并不容易。
)2. 作宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,如:She wants to visit her grandmother.(她想去看望她的祖母。
)3. 作补语:动词不定式可以作为一些动词的补语,如:He made her laugh.(他让她笑了。
)4. 作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词,如:This is a good book to read.(这是一本好书可以读。
)5. 作状语:动词不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因等,如:She studied hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习以通过考试。
)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是将动词加上-ing构成的名词形式。
动名词常用作下列几种形式:1. 作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)2. 作宾语:动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语,如:I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。
)3. 作介词宾语:动名词可以作为介词的宾语,如:She is looking forward to going on vacation.(她期待着度假。
)4. 作定语:动名词可以修饰名词,如:I saw a car racing down the street.(我看到一辆车在街上飞驰而过。
)5. 作宾补:动名词可以作为一些动词的宾语补足语,如:He admitted stealing the money.(他承认偷了钱。
初中英语语法专项复习之非谓语动词种类及句法功能
初中英语语法专项复习之非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述:非谓语动词包括三种:不定式、动名词和分词。
其中,不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因等,动名词则可以表示目的、结果、原因等,分词则可以表示形容词、副词、动词等。
例如:I want to go to the store. (不定式)He enjoys playing soccer. (动名词)The sun is shining brightly in the sky. (分词)(二)非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词在句子中可以担任多种不同的语法角色,包括主语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。
具体来说:不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
例如:The man who I saw yesterday is my friend. (不定式作主语)I want to be a doctor. (不定式作宾语)The problem that we face is too complex. (不定式作表语) He is the man who I saw yesterday. (不定式作定语)To be successful in life, you need to work hard. (不定式作状语)动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
例如:The project that we are working on is very important. (动名词作主语)She enjoys playing soccer with her friends. (动名词作宾语)The problem that we face is too complex. (动名词作表语) He is the person who is working hard. (动名词作定语)In order to be successful in life, you need to work hard. (动名词作状语)分词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
(九年级英语教案)初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案
初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案九年级英语教案一.非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the infinitive );动名词(the gerund);现在分词(the prese nt participle);过去分词(the past participle )。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能1)逻辑主语为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。
由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。
但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。
在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。
现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。
①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词of和for来体现的。
这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good, nice, wise, gen erous,foolish, clever, silly, wrong, stupid, careless, con siderate, impolite, n aughty等等),我们使用of;其它的使用for。
请看例句:it is unwise of them to turn down the proposal.他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。
it is gen erous of you to stay us for the n ight.难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。
it is a great honor for us to attend this rally.我们很荣幸参加这个大会。
it is very dan gerous for childre n to swim in the reservoir.孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。
非谓语动词的种类及其用法
非谓语动词的种类及其用法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的形式,但没有时态和人称的限制。
根据其形式和用法的不同,非谓语动词可分为动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
本文将分别介绍这三种非谓语动词的种类及其用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是由“to”加上动词原形构成,它可以用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾补以及状语等。
下面分别介绍不同用法的示例:1. 作主语:- To study is essential for students.- Traveling broadens our horizons.2. 作宾语:- I want to buy a new car.- She decided to quit her job.3. 作表语:- Her dream is to become a doctor.- The most important thing is to stay positive.4. 作宾补:- I made him promise not to be late.- Let's ask them to join us.5. 作状语:- He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.- The girl ran fast to catch the bus.二、动名词动名词是由动词的现在分词形式加上“-ing”构成的,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、宾补以及介词的宾语等。
以下是不同用法的例子:1. 作主语:- Singing is her favorite hobby.- Swimming is good for our health.2. 作宾语:- I enjoy reading books in my free time.- They avoid eating junk food.3. 作表语:- His job is teaching English.- The most challenging part is writing the report.4. 作宾补:- They heard him singing in the shower.- She felt a little tired after the long day of shopping.5. 作介词的宾语:- Are you interested in learning a new language?- He apologized for arriving late.三、现在分词现在分词是由动词原形加上“-ing”构成的,它可以作形容词修饰名词,也可以作状语。
非谓语动词及经典例题汇编
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
二、非谓语动词用法:11)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如:I’m glad to meet you./He seems to know a lot./We plan to pay a visit./He wants to be an artist.2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended________________________________./He seems to be reading in his room.3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:2否定式:not + 动名词1)一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2)被动式:He came to the party without________________________. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4)完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
非谓语动词分类及用法
非谓语动词分类及用法非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种。
以下是它们的分类和用法:1. 不定式:不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的形式,由“to+动词原形”构成。
它既可以作为主语、宾语,也可以作为定语、状语等。
不定式的否定形式是在“to”前面加上“not”。
不定式作为主语,表示一种意愿或目的,例如:To study English is important.(学习英语很重要。
)不定式作为宾语,表示一种动作或行为,例如:I want to go home.(我想回家。
)不定式作为定语,修饰名词或代词,例如:I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。
)不定式作为状语,表示目的、结果或原因等,例如:I went to the library to read books.(我去了图书馆看书。
)2. 动名词:动名词由动词原形加“-ing”构成,具有名词的语法功能,在句子中可以作主语、宾语等。
动名词一般表示一种习惯或抽象的动作。
动名词作为主语,表示一种状态或抽象概念,例如:Reading books is a good habit.(读书是一个好习惯。
)动名词作为宾语,表示一种行为或动作,例如:I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐。
)3. 分词:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词由动词原形加“-ing”构成,过去分词由动词原形加“-ed”构成。
分词在句子中可以作定语、状语等。
现在分词作为定语,修饰名词或代词,例如:The running man is my brother.(那个跑步的人是我的哥哥。
)过去分词作为定语,修饰名词或代词,例如:The developed country has higher living standards.(发达国家的生活水平更高。
)现在分词作为状语,表示时间、条件、让步等关系,例如:If you continue to work hard, you will succeed.(如果你继续努力工作,你会成功的。
一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能分词P16(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(the PresentParticiple);过去分词(the PastParticiple)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.(2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)(4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
非谓语动词的分类及用法总结
非谓语动词的分类及用法总结非谓语动词是指不具备谓语功能的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句中作不同的成分,具有丰富的用法和特点。
本文将对非谓语动词的分类及其用法进行总结。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,具有名词、形容词和副词的特点。
不定式一般由动词原形加上“to”构成,也有少数动词不加“to”。
分类:1. 基本不定式:- 例句:I want to go to the movies tonight.(我今晚想去看电影)2. 省略to的不定式:- 例句:Let me help you.(让我来帮你)3. 完全不定式(动词+不定式符号to):- 例句:I want you to listen to me.(我希望你听我说)用法:1.作主语:- 例句:To learn a foreign language requires patience.(学习外语需要耐心)2.作宾语:- 例句:I like to play tennis.(我喜欢打网球)3.作宾语补足语:- 例句:He made her cry. (他使她哭了)4.作定语:- 例句:I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做)5.作状语:- 例句:He came to borrow some money.(他来借些钱)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词的一种非限定形式,具有名词特点,一般以动词原形加上“-ing”构成。
分类:1. 一般动名词:- 例句:Walking helps keep you healthy.(散步有助于保持健康)2. 所有格形式动名词:- 例句:I appreciate his helping me.(我感激他帮助我)用法:1.作主语:- 例句:Swimming is good for you.(游泳对你有好处)2.作宾语:- 例句:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书)3.作宾语补足语:- 例句:I heard him singing in the shower.(我听见他在洗澡时唱歌)4.作定语:- 例句:She likes playing the piano.(她喜欢弹钢琴)5.作状语:- 例句:He learned English by watching movies.(他通过看电影学英语)三、分词(Participle)分词是动词的一种非限定形式,具有形容词和副词的特点,一般以动词原形加上“-ing”或“-ed”构成。
高考英语非谓语动词精品讲义
高考英语非谓语动词讲义第一部分、非谓语动词种类及句法功能(一)概述在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done★不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态完成式进行式·一般式不定式主动to do to have done to be doingto have been done被动@to be doneing 形式主动doing having done被动:having been donebeing done过去分词被动done三.非谓语动词的句法功能:(一)动词不定式:to+do:1.不定式的否定式:not + to do(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.(2)进行式:不定式的动作正在发生The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.(2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.★动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语::常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。
非谓语动词的种类与用法
非谓语动词的种类与用法非谓语动词是指不作为句子的谓语,通常不包含人称和数的变化。
在英语中,非谓语动词有不同的形式和用法。
本文将介绍非谓语动词的种类与用法,并提供相关的例句,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用非谓语动词。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的一种形式,它可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、方式等。
不定式的一般形式是“to + 动词原形”。
1. 表示目的:I bought some apples to make a pie.(我买了一些苹果来做派。
)She studies hard in order to get a scholarship.(她为了获得奖学金而努力学习。
)2. 表示结果:He was so tired as to fall asleep immediately.(他太累了,以至于立刻入睡。
)The monkey jumped off the tree to catch the banana.(猴子从树上跳下来,去抓香蕉。
)3. 表示原因:I am here to help you.(我在这里是为了帮助你。
)He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(他去超市买些杂货。
)4. 表示方式:She spoke softly to avoid waking up the baby.(她小声说话以免把婴儿吵醒。
)He practiced every day to improve his tennis skills.(他每天练习以提高他的网球技能。
)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是以-ing 结尾的动词形式,作为非谓语动词时可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾补。
1. 作主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)Reading books is a good way to relax.(读书是一种很好的放松方式。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词一.非谓语动词:动词的某种特殊形式,在句子中做除谓语外的其他成分。
分类:动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,过去分词。
二.动词不定式:构成:to do。
否定形式:not to do .发生。
eg: I plan to live a busy life in high school.She seems to be unhappy.The computer needs to be repaired.完成式:不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The house seems to have been broken into.进行式:不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg: She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.He happened to be searching my bag when I came in.2.句法功能:(1)做主语:To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
It is adj for/of sb to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是It is impossible for me to live alone in Beijing.It is not easy to find your way around the town.(2)做宾语:afford, agree, aim, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, want, wish, promise, happeneg: She has determined to be a leader.注: 如果不定式做宾语,且后面有宾补时,把不定式后置,用it来做形式宾语。
非谓语动词的种类和用法
非谓语动词的种类和用法非谓语动词是指不具有格、数和时态等语法特征的动词形式,可作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词形式。
它们在句子中起到各种不同的作用和修饰作用。
下面将具体介绍非谓语动词的种类和用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式由动词原形加上“to”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作为动词的宾语:I want to go to the movie tonight.(我想今晚去看电影。
)He promised to help us with the project.(他答应帮我们做这个项目。
)2. 作为动词的主语:To learn a new language takes time and effort.(学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。
)To have a healthy lifestyle is important.(拥有健康的生活方式非常重要。
)3. 作为动词的宾语补足语:I found it difficult to understand his explanation.(我发现很难理解他的解释。
)They consider him to be the best candidate for the job.(他们认为他是这个职位的最佳候选人。
)4. 作为动词的状语:She went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(她去超市买了些杂货。
)We need to study hard to pass the exam.(我们需要努力学习才能通过考试。
)二、动名词动名词一般由动词的-ing 形式构成,可作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作为动词的主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)Reading books can broaden our horizons.(阅读书籍能够拓宽我们的视野。
非谓语动词的种类与用法归纳非谓语动词的分类及其在句子中的作用
非谓语动词的种类与用法归纳非谓语动词的分类及其在句子中的作用非谓语动词是指不具备人称和数的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
下面将对非谓语动词的种类及其在句子中的用法进行归纳。
一、不定式(Infinitive)1. 一般不定式:to + 动词原形一般不定式可以作为主语、宾语、定语、表语和状语等。
例1:To learn a foreign language is challenging.(作为主语)例2:I want to study abroad.(作为宾语)例3:We have a lot of work to do.(作为定语)例4:Her dream is to become a doctor.(作为表语)例5:He woke up early to catch the train.(作为状语)2. 完成不定式:to have + 过去分词完成不定式表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。
例6:I am glad to have finished the project.(表示在"glad"之前完成的动作)3. 进行不定式:to be + 现在分词进行不定式常用于表示将来。
例7:I am going to be meeting my friend tonight.(表示今晚将要进行的动作)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词的形式为动词的 ing 形式,可以作为主语、宾语、定语、表语和状语等。
例8:Swimming is good for health.(作为主语)例9:I enjoy singing.(作为宾语)例10:She is interested in reading books.(作为定语)例11:Her biggest hobby is dancing.(作为表语)例12:He improved his English by practicing speaking.(作为状语)三、分词(Participle)分词根据其形式可分为现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)。
非谓语动词的种类
非谓语动词的种类【非谓语动词的种类】非谓语动词指的是不具有时态和人称变化的动词形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
它们在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分,具有丰富的用法和功能。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的种类及其用法。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,不受主语和时态的限制。
不定式可以用作谓语动词、宾语、定语、表语、补语等。
1. 作为谓语动词:- To study is important for students.- My dream is to become a doctor.在以上句子中,不定式作为谓语动词,直接说明了主语的动作或状态。
2. 作为宾语:- She wants to learn French.- They decided to go on a trip.在以上句子中,不定式作为宾语,说明了动作的目的或意图。
3. 作为定语:- The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking.- I have some books to read.在以上句子中,不定式作为定语修饰名词,起到修饰或限定的作用。
4. 作为表语:- His hobby is to play the guitar.- Our goal is to win the championship.在以上句子中,不定式作为表语,说明主语的特点或状态。
5. 作为补语:- I want to go shopping.- They need to finish their homework.在以上句子中,不定式作为补语,表示一种需要或必要。
二、动名词(Gerund)动名词由动词的现在分词形式(加-ing)构成,具有名词和动词的特点,用法灵活多样。
1. 作为主语:- Swimming is good exercise.- Eating too much is unhealthy.在以上句子中,动名词作为主语,起到名词的作用。
非谓语动词种类及句法功能
3)作宾语: They haven’t finished building the dam. We have to prevent the air from being polluted 注意: 动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词 介词宾语 介词 如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, mind, delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of
非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有: 1 及物动词都可与宾语连用, 2 都可以被状语修饰: 3 都有主动被动及时态变化 非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有: 1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用 有名词作用 (如动词不定式 动名词 动词不定式和动名词 动词不定式 动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用 有形容词作用 (如动词不定式 分词 动词不定式和分词 动词不定式 分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语 3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用 副词作用 (如动词不定式 分词 不定式和分词 不定式 分词),在句中作状语。
现在分词作定语: 当分词单独做定语 分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前. 分词单独做定语 如果是分词短语 分词短语做定语放在名词后。 分词短语 In the following years he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is my father. 现在分词作表语: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. English-speaking country Spoken country
非谓语动词的种类和用法详解
非谓语动词的种类和用法详解非谓语动词是指不具备人称、数的变化以及时态的动词形式,一般用在句子中作状语、宾语或补语,能够表达出动作的性质、目的、方式、条件、时间等。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的种类和用法。
一、不定式(Infinitive)不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的一种形式,常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
不定式可以用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语等。
1. 不定式作主语:To learn a foreign language is important for personal development.(学习一门外语对个人发展很重要。
)2. 不定式作宾语:She decided to go on a trip to Europe.(她决定去欧洲旅行。
)3. 不定式作定语:I have a book to read this weekend.(这个周末我有本书要读。
)4. 不定式作表语:Her dream is to become a successful entrepreneur.(她的梦想是成为一位成功的企业家。
)5. 不定式作补语:He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.(他长大后想当一名医生。
)二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是一种以动词原形加上-ing构成的非谓语动词形式,可以用作主语、宾语、定语、表语和补语等。
1. 动名词作主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是一种很好的锻炼。
)2. 动名词作宾语:She enjoys dancing in her free time.(她喜欢在空闲时间跳舞。
)3. 动名词作定语:I am interested in reading books.(我对阅读书籍感兴趣。
)4. 动名词作表语:His hobby is playing the guitar.(他的爱好是弹吉他。
)5. 动名词作补语:The teacher encouraged her students to keep studying.(老师鼓励学生们继续学习。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的分类与用法
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的分类与用法高中英语知识点归纳——非谓语动词的分类与用法英语中,动词可以根据它的形式分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。
谓语动词用于句子的谓语部分,而非谓语动词则不能单独作谓语使用,通常用作动词、形容词或副词的补充说明。
本文将对高中英语中的非谓语动词进行分类与用法的归纳总结。
一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,常用于以下几种情况:1. 作主语:- To study English every day is important for students.- It is necessary for us to learn from our mistakes.2. 作宾语:- I want to go to the movies tonight.- She decided to quit her job and travel around the world.3. 作表语:- Her dream is to become a famous singer.- The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking it.4. 作定语:- I have a friend to help me with my homework.- She bought a book to improve her cooking skills.5. 作状语:- He went to the park to meet his friends.- I stayed up late last night to finish my homework.二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是将动词转化为名词的一种形式,通常由动词的-ing形式构成。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,常用于以下几种情况:1. 作主语:- Swimming is her favorite sport.- Singing in the shower helps me relax.2. 作宾语:- I enjoy playing basketball in my free time.- She suggested going to the beach for the weekend.3. 作表语:- His favorite activity is running marathons.- The most important thing is being true to yourself.4. 作定语:- I saw a man running towards the bus stop.- She bought a new pair of dancing shoes.5. 作状语:- He hurt his leg while skiing on the mountain.- She learned English by watching American TV shows.三、分词(Participle)分词是非谓语动词的另一种形式,根据其形式和用法的不同,分词可以分为现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed或不规则形式)。
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一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能分词P16(一)概述:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(the PresentParticiple);过去分词(the PastParticiple)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.(2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)(4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:二、非谓语动词用法:(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)否定式:not + (to) do2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:He gave us some advice on how to learn English.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend.注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?②说明所修饰名词的内容:We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:He is the first to get here.(6)作状语:①表目的:He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.②表结果:He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调:I visited him only to find him out.③表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度:It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.(7)作独立成分:To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.(二)动名词:动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:否定式:not + 动名词2.动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:In the ant city, the queen's jobis laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。
此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fondof, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like(4)作定语:He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?(5)作同位语:The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:否定式:not + 现在分词2.现在分词的句法功能:(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语,放在名词后。