地质学常用中英文词汇对照表(按章节)

阐述expound(explain), state
引入introduce into
相应的corresponding
概念conception
概论overview
概率probability
概念化conceptualize
宏观的macroscopic
补充complement
规划plan
证明demonstrate, certify, attest
证实confirmation
补偿compensate, make up, imburse 组合式combined type
相互作用interaction
稳定性评价stability evaluation
均质性homogeneity
介质medium
层layer, stratum
1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic
地形land form
地貌geomorphology, relief
地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade
地形图relief map
河谷river valley
河道river course
河床river bed(channel)
冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)
阶地terrace
冲积平原alluvial plain
三角洲delta
古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇alluvial fan
洪积扇diluvial fan
分水岭divide
盆地basin
岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞solution cave, karst cave
2地层岩性
地层geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性lithologic character, rock property
岩层bed stratum
岩层layer, rock stratum
母岩matrix, parent rock
相变facies change 硬质岩strong rock, film
软质岩weak rock
硬质的competent
软质的incompetent
基岩bedrock
覆盖层overburden
交错层理cross bedding
层面bedding plane
片理schistosity
层理bedding
波痕ripple-mark
泥痕mud crack
雨痕raindrop imprints
造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral
高岭土kaolinite
蒙脱石montmorillonite
伊利石illite
云母mica
白云母muscovite
黑云母biotite
石英quartz
长石feldspar
正长石orthoclase
斜长石plagioclase
辉石pyroxene, picrite
角闪石hornblende
方解石calcite
构造structure
结构texture
组构fabric(tissue)
矿物组成mineral composition 产状attitude
火成岩igneous
岩浆岩magmatic rock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山volcano
侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock
深成岩plutonic rock
浅成岩pypabysal rock
酸性岩acid rock
中性岩inter-mediate rock
基性岩basic rock
超基性岩ultrabasic rock
岩基rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙）dike
岩墙rock dike
岩床rock sill
岩脉vein dyke
花岗岩granite
流纹岩rhyolite
闪长岩diorite
辉长岩gabbro
玄武岩basalt
橄榄岩dunite
火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate
凝灰岩tuff
沉积岩sedimentary rock
碎屑岩clastic rock
粘土岩clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone
化学岩chemical rock
生物岩biolith
砾岩conglomerate
角砾岩breccia
砂岩sandstone
石英砂岩quartz sandstone
粉砂岩siltstone
钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone
泥岩mudstone
页岩shale
盐岩saline
石灰岩limestone
白云岩dolomite
泥灰岩marl
泥钙岩argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous
砂质arenaceous
泥质argillaceous
硅质的siliceous
有机质organic matter
粗粒coarse grain
中粒medium-grained
沉积物sediment (deposit)
漂石、顽石boulder
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
砂sand
粉土silt
粘土clay
粘粒clay grain
砂质粘土sandy clay
粘质砂土clayey sand
壤土、亚粘土loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam
浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)
软泥ooze
淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay
冲积物（层）alluvion
冲积的alluvial
洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的diluvial
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium
残积粘土residual clay
变质岩metamorphic rock
板岩slate
千枚岩phyllite
片岩schist
片麻岩gneiss
石英岩quartzite
大理岩marble
3地质构造
地质构造geologic structure
大地构造geotectonic
构造运动tectogenesis
造山运动orogeny
升降运动vertical movement
水平运动horizontal movement
完整性perfection(integrity)
产状要素elements of attitude
产状attitude, orientation
走向strike
倾向dip
倾角dip angle, angle of dip
褶皱fold
褶曲fold
单斜monocline
向斜syncline
背斜anticline
穹隆dome
挤压squeeze
上盘upper section
下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall
断距separation
相交intersect
断层fault
正断层normal fault
逆断层reversed fault
平移断层parallel fault
层理bedding, stratification
地堑graben
地垒horst, fault ridge
断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation
断裂fracture
破碎带fracture zone
节理joint
节理组joint set
裂隙fissure, crack
微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 原生裂隙original joint
次生裂隙epigenetic joint
张裂隙tension joint
剪裂隙shear joint
卸荷裂隙relief crack
碎裂结构cataclastic texture
板状结构platy structure
薄板状lamellose
块状的lumpy, massive
层状的laminated
巨厚层giant thick-laminated
薄层状的finely laminated
软弱夹层weak intercalated layer
夹层inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer
夹泥层clayey intercalation
夹泥inter-clay
连通性connectivity
切层insequent
影响带affecting zone
完整性integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality
破碎crumble
胶结cement
泥化argillization
尖灭taper-out
错动diastrophism
错动层面faulted bedding plane
断续的intermittent
共轭节理conjugated joint
透镜状的lens-shaped a.
岩屑cuttings, debris
薄膜membrane, film
层理stratification
高角度high dip angle
缓倾角low dip angle
反倾anti-dip
互层interbed v.
Interbedding n.
粒径particle size
构造层tectonosphere
挤压compression
均一的homogeneous
致密close, compact 构造岩tectonite
糜棱岩mylonite
断层角砾岩fault breccia
方解石脉calcite vein
碎块岩clastic rock
角砾breccia
岩粉rock powder
岩屑debris, debry
固结consolidation
4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions
大气圈atmosphere
水圈hydrosphere
岩石圈geosphere
地表径流surface runoff
地下径流subsurface runoff
流域valley, drainage basin
流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area
地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water
大气水atmospheric water
气态水aqueous (vapour) water
液态水liquid water
固态水solid water
吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium
空隙void
孔隙水压力pore water pressure
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力hydrodynamic pressure
渗透力seepage pressure
外水压力external water pressure
内水压力internal water pressure
水位water level, stage level
水头water head
含水层aquifer
透水层permeable layer, pervious layer 不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude
地下分水岭groundwater ridge
孔隙水pore water
裂隙水fissure water
岩溶水karstic water
结合水bound water, combined water 吸着水hydroscopic water
薄膜水pellicular water
毛细水capillary water
重力水gravitational water
凝结水condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence
地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验packer permeability test
5工程勘察engineering investigation
勘测survey
勘察阶段investigational stage
初步设计primary design
初步规划preliminary scheme
初步勘探preliminary prospecting
初步踏勘ground reconnaissance
可行性研究阶段feasibility stage
初步设计阶段preliminary stage
踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘geological survey
工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping
钻探borehole operation, boring
物探geophysical exploration
洞探exploratory adits
钎探rod sounding
坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
比例proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
构造地质图geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map 地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展示图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界线strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface 坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot) 勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
6安全监控
可靠性检查reliability checking
监控模型monitoring and prediction model
监测monitoring
资料datum, data
可靠性reliability
稳定性stability
安全safety
评估evaluation, appraise
评定assessment, assess, rate
评价准则criterion
灾害hazard, calamity
确定性方法论Deterministic methodology
应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)
事故accident
静力（Static Analysis）
动力（Dynamic Analysis）
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地。