专业术语中英文对照
会计专业术语中英文对照(大全)
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会计专业术语中英文对照(大全)第一篇:会计专业术语中英文对照(大全)一、资产 assets1、流动资产 current assets现金及现金等价物 cash and cash equivalents1111 库存现金 cash on hand1112 零用金/周转金 petty cash/revolving funds1113 银行存款 cash in banks1116 在途现金 cash in transit1117 现金等价物 cash equivalents1118 其它现金及现金等价物 other cash and cash equivalents 短期投资 short-term investments1121 短期投资-股票 short-term investmentsshort-term notes and bills1123 短期投资-政府债券short-term investmentsbeneficiary certificates1125 短期投资-公司债short-term investmentsother1129 备抵短期投资跌价损失 allowance for reduction of short-term investment to market(1129这个中文英文的说法我都没听说过,我觉得正确的中英文应该是: 短期投资跌价准备, Securities Fair Value Adjustment)1131 应收票据 notes receivable1132 应收票据贴现 discounted notes receivable1137 应收票据-关系人notes receivablerelated parties1149 坏帐准备-应收帐款allowance for doubtful accountsforeign currencies1183 买卖远汇折价discount on forward ex-change contract1184 应收收益earned revenue receivable1185 应收退税款 income tax refund receivable1187 其它应收款related parties1188 其它应收款other1189 坏帐准备other receivables121~122 存货 inventories1211 商品存货 merchandise inventory1212 寄销商品 consigned goods1213 在途商品 goods in transit1219 存货跌价准备 allowance to reduce inventory to market 1221 制成品 finished goods1222 寄销制成品 consigned finished goods1223 副产品 by-products1224 在制品 work in process1225 委外加工 work in processother2、基金及长期投资 funds and long-term investments基金 funds1311 偿债基金 redemption fund(or sinking fund)1312 改良及扩充基金 fund for improvement and expansion1313 意外损失准备基金 contingency fund1314 退休基金 pension fund1318 其它基金 other funds长期投资 long-term investments1321 长期股权投资 long-term equity investments1322 长期债券投资 long-term bond investments1323 长期不动产投资 long-term real estate investments1324 人寿保险现金解约价值cash surrender value of life insurance1328 其它长期投资 other long-term investments 1329 备抵长期投资跌价损失 allowance for excess of cost over market value of long-term investments3、固定资产property , plant, and equipment土地 land1411 土地 land1418 土地-重估增值 landrevaluation increments1429 累积折旧-土地改良物 accumulated depreciationbuildings144~146 机(器)具及设备 machinery and equipment1441 机(器)具 machinery1448 机(器)具-重估增值 machinerymachinery151 租赁资产 leased assets1511 租赁资产 leased assets1519 累积折旧-租赁资产accumulated depreciationleasehold improvements156 未完工程及预付购置设备款construction in progress and prepayments forequipment1561 未完工程 construction in progress1562 预付购置设备款 prepayment for equipment158 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1581 杂项固定资产miscellaneous property, plant, and equipment1588 杂项固定资产-重估增值miscellaneous property, plant, and equipmentmiscellaneous property, plant, and equipment递耗资产 depletable assets161 递耗资产 depletable assets1611 天然资源 natural resources1618 天然资源-重估增值natural resources-revaluation increments1619 累积折耗-天然资源accumulated depletionother 其它资产 other assets181 递延资产 deferred assets1811 债券发行成本 deferred bond issuance costs1812 长期预付租金 long-term prepaid rent1813 长期预付保险费 long-term prepaid insurance1814 递延所得税资产 deferred income tax assets1815 预付退休金 prepaid pension cost1818 其它递延资产 other deferred assets182 闲置资产 idle assets1821 闲置资产 idle assets184 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款long-term notes , accounts and overdue receivables1841 长期应收票据 long-term notes receivable1842 长期应收帐款 long-term accounts receivable1843 催收帐款 overdue receivables1847 长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款-关系人 long-term notes, accounts and overdue receivables-related parties1848 其它长期应收款项 other long-term receivables1849 备抵呆帐-长期应收票据及款项与催收帐款allowance for uncollectible accountsincremental value from revaluation 1859 累积折旧-出租资产 accumulated depreciationrestricted 1888 杂项资产-其它 miscellaneous assets-other第二篇:会计专业术语中英文对照流动资产: CURRENT ASSETS:货币资金 Cash结算备付金 Provision of settlement fund拆出资金 Funds lent交易性金融资产 Financial assets held for trading应收票据 Notes receivable应收账款 Accounts receivable预付款项 Advances to suppliers应收保费 Insurance premiums receivable应收分保账款 Cession premiums receivable应收分保合同准备金 Provision of cession receivable应收利息 Interests receivable其他应收款 Other receivable买入返售金融资产 Recoursable financial assets acquired存货Inventories其中:原材料 Raw material库存商品 Stock goods一年内到期的非流动资产 Non-current assets maturing within one year其他流动资产 Other current assets流动资产合计 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS非流动资产:NON-CURRENT ASSETS发放贷款及垫款 Loans and payments on behalf可供出售金融资产 Available-for-sale financial assets持有至到期投资 Held-to-maturity investments长期应收款 Long-term receivables长期股权投资 Long-term equity investments投资性房地产 Investment real estates固定资产原价 Fixed assets original cost减:累计折旧 Less:Accumulated depreciation固定资产净值 Fixed assets--net value减:固定资产减值准备 Less:Fixed assets impairment provision 固定资产净额 Fixed assets--net book value在建工程 Construction in progress工程物资 Construction supplies固定资产清理 Fixed assets pending disposal生产性生物资产 Bearer biological assets油气资产 Oil and natural gas assets无形资产 Intangibel assets开发支出 Research and development costs商誉 Goodwill长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred expenses递延所得税资产 Deferred tax assets其他非流动资产 Other non-current assets其中:特准储备物资Physical assets reserve specificallyauthorized非流动资产合计 TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS流动负债:CURRENT LIABILITIES:短期借款 Short-term borrowings向中央银行借款 Borrowings from central bank吸收存款及同业存放 Deposits from customers and interbank 拆入资金 Deposit funds交易性金融负债 Financial assets held for liabilities应付票据 Notes payable应付账款 Accounts payable预收款项 Advances from customers卖出回购金融资产款 Funds from sales of financial assets with repurchasement agreement应付手续费及佣金Handling charges and commissions payable应付职工薪酬 Employee benefits payable其中:应付工资 Including:Accrued payroll应付福利费 Welfare benefits payable其中:职工奖励及福利基金 Including:Staff and workers' bonus and selfare应交税费 Taxes and surcharges payable其中:应交税金 Including:Taxes payable应付利息 Interests payable其他应付款 Other payables应付分保账款 Cession insurance premiums payable保险合同准备金 Provision for insurance contracts代理买卖证券款 Funds received as agent of stock exchange代理承销证券款 Funds received as stock underwrite一年内到期的非流动负债Non-current liabilities maturing within one year其他流动负债 Other current liablities流动负债合计 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES:非流动负债:NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:长期借款Long-term loans应付债券 Debentures payable长期应付款 Long-term payables专项应付款 Specific payable预计负债 Accrued liabilities递延所得税负债 Deferred tax liabilities其他非流动负债 Other non-current liablities其中:特准储备基金 Authorized reserve fund非流动负债合计 TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:负债合计 TOTAL LIABILITIES所有者权益(或股东权益):OWNERS'(OWNER'S)/SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY实收资本(股本)Registered capital国家资本 National capital集体资本 Collective capital法人资本 Legal person's capital其中:国有法人资本Including:State-owned legal person's capital集体法人资本Collective legal person“s capital个人资本Personal capital外商资本 Foreign businessmen's capital减:已归还投资 Less:Returned investment实收资本(或股本)净额 Registered capital--net book value资本公积 Capital surplus减:库存股 Treasury stock专项储备 Special reserve盈余公积 Surplus reserve其中:法定公积金Including:Statutory accumulation reserve任意公积金 Discretionary accumulation储备基金 Reserved funds企业发展基金 Enterprise expension funds利润归还投资 Profits capitalised on retum of investments一般风险准备 Provision for normal risks未分配利润 Undistributed profits外币报表折算差额 Exchange differences on translating foreign operations归属于母公司所有者权益合计 Total owners' equity belongs to parent company少数股东权益 Minority interest所有者权益合计 TOTAL OWNERS' EQUITY负债及所有者权益总计 TOTAL LIABILITIES & OWNERS' EQUITY一、营业总收入 OVERALL SALES其中:营业收入 Including:Sales from operations其中:主营业务收入 Including:sales of main operations其他业务收入 Income from other operations利息收入 Interest income已赚保费 Insurance premiums earned手续费及佣金收入 Handling charges and commissions income二、营业总成本 OVERALL COSTS其中:营业成本 Including: Cost of operations其中:主营业务成本 Including:Cost of main operations其他业务成本 cost of other operations利息支出 Interest expenses手续费及佣金支出Handling charges and commissions expenses退保金 Refund of insurance premiums赔付支出净额 Net payments for insurance claims提取保险合同准备金净额 Net provision for insurance contracts 保单红利支出 Commissions on insurance policies分保费用 Cession charges营业税金及附加 Sales tax and additions销售费用 Selling and distribution expenses管理费用 General and administrative expenses其中:业务招待费 business entertainment研究与开发费research and development财务费用Financial expenses其中:利息支出 Interest expense利息收入 Interest income汇兑净损失(净收益以“-”号填列)Gain or loss on foreign exchange transactions(less exchange gain)资产减值损失 Impairment loss on assets其他other加:公允价值变动收益(损失以“-”号填列)Plus: Gain or loss from changes in fair values(loss expressed with ”-“)投资收益(损失以“-”号填列)Investment income(loss expressed with ”-“)其中:对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益 Including: Investment income from joint ventures and affiliates(loss express ed with ”-“)汇兑收益(损失以“-”号填列)Gain or loss on foreign exchange transactions s(loss expressed with ”-“)三、营业利润(亏损以“-”号填列)PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS加:营业外收入 Plus: Non-operating profit 其中:非流动资产处置利得 Gains from disposal of non-current assets非货币性资产交换利得Gains from exchange of non-monetary assets政府补助 Government grant income债务重组利得 Gains from debt restructuring减:营业外支出 Less:Non-operating expenses其中:非流动资产处置损失Including:Losses from disposal ofnon-current assets非货币性资产交换损失Losses from exchange of non-monetary assets债务重组损失 Losses from debt restructuring四、利润总额(亏损总额以“-”号填列)PROFIT BEFORE TAX(LOSS EXPRESSED WITH ”-“)减:所得税费用 Less: Income tax expenses五、净利润(净亏损以“-”号填列)NET PROFIT(LOSS EXPRESSED WITH ”-")归属于母公司所有者的净利润Net profit belonging to parent company少数股东损益 Minority interest六、每股收益: EARNINGS PER SHARE(EPS)基本每股收益 Basic EPS稀释每股收益 Diluted EPS七、其他综合收益 OTHER CONSOLIDATED INCOME八、综合收益总额 TOTAL CONSOLIDATED INCOME归属于母公司所有者的综合收益总额Consolidated income belonging to parent company归属于少数股东的综合收益总额Consolidated income belonging to Minority shareholders九、补充资料 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION营业总收入中:出口产品销售收入 Including overall sales:sales income of export products营业总成本中:出口产品销售成本 Including overall costs:sales cost of export products第三篇:模具常用专业术语中英文对照塑料模具常用专业术语中英文对照模胚(架): mold base三板模(细水口):3-plate mold二板模(大水口):2-plate 定位圈(法栏)locating ring 浇口套(唧嘴)sprue bushing热流道: hot runner,hot manifold面板:cavity adaptor plate 水口板:runner stripper plate 上模板(A板):cavity plate 下模板(B板):core plate 上内模(型腔\母模\凹模):cavity insert下内模(型芯\公模\凸模):core insert 推板:stripper plate 模脚(方铁)spacer plate 顶针板:ejector retainner plate托板(顶针底板): support plat垃圾钉:stop pin撑头: support pillar底板:coreadaptor plate 推杆:push bar 顶针: ejector pin 司筒:ejector sleeve司筒针:ejector pin 回针:push bake pin 导柱:leader pin/guide pin 导套:bushing/guide bushing中托司(顶针板导套):shoulder guide bushing中托边(顶针板导柱):guide pin滑块(行位): slide 波子弹弓(定位珠):ball catch 耐磨板/油板:wedge wear 压条:plate斜导边(斜导柱):angle pin压座/铲鸡:wedge斜顶:angle from pin 斜顶杆:angle ejector rod 缩呵:movable core,return core core puller尼龙拉勾(扣机):nylonlatch lock栓打螺丝:S.H.S.B 镶针:pin喉塞: pipe plug锁模块:lock plate挡板:stop plate螺丝: screw推板:stripper plate斜顶:lifterplate塑胶管:plastic tube快速接头:jiffy quick connector plug/sockermold内模管位:core/cavity inter-lockflash(塑件)毛边电极(铜公):copper electrode五金模具常用专业术语中英文对照cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow(-on)die 连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印 top plate上托板(顶板)top block 上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate 底板(下托板)stripping plate 脱料板(表里打)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper 下脱料板上模座upper die set 成型公 form punch脱料板stripper 垫板subplate/backup plate下模座die plate垫脚parallel托板mounting plate 顶料销kick off初始管位first start pin 带肩螺丝shoulder screw两用销lifter pin弹簧护套spring cage 拔牙螺丝jack screw侧冲组件 cam sectionbites导导正装置 guide equipment 尺rail漏废料孔 slug hole限位块stop block送料板rail plate刀口trim line挡块stopper倒角chamfer入子insert 浮块lifter 销钉dowel 护套bushing压块keeper尖角sharp--angle整形公restrike forming 靠块heel 普通弹簧coil springpunch 对正块alignmentblock镶件insert止挡板stop plate闭合高度shuthight 插针pilot pin挂台head 上夹板/固定座顶杆lifter bolt扣位pocket of head导柱guide post导套guide bushing油嘴oil nipple接刀口mismatch/cookieholder/retainer下模座lower die set成刑母公formingdie码模槽mounting slot 球锁紧固定座ball-lock起吊孔handing hole垫片shim/wear-plate键槽key slot沉孔counter hole导正块thrustblock 第四篇:音乐专业术语中英文对照Accordion 手风琴Aftertouch 触后Alto 女低音Amplitude 振幅Amplitude Modulation(AM)调幅Analogue 模拟的Anticipation 先现音Arpeggio 琶音,分解和弦Attack 起音Audio 音频Augmented 增音程,增和弦Ballade 叙事曲Band 波段,大乐队Banjo 班卓琴(美国民间乐器)Bank 音色库Baritone 男中音Barline 小节线Baroque 巴罗克Bass 贝司Bassoon 大管(巴松)Brass 铜管总称Cassette 卡座Cello 大提琴Channel 音色通道Choir 人声合唱Chord 和弦Chorus 合唱效果器Clarinet 单簧管Clef 谱号Combination 组合音色Compressor 压缩效果器Concerto 协奏曲Console 调音台Contrabass 低音提琴Ctrl 控制器Cymbal 镲,钹Decay 衰减Delay 延迟效果器Digital 数码的Diminished 减音程,减和弦Distorted 失真效果器Dolby NR 杜比降噪 Dominant 属音(和弦)Dot 附点Drum 鼓Duration 音符的时值Echo 回声,反射Effector 效果器Encore 返场加演曲目English Horn 英国管Enhance 增益Envelope 包络EQ(Equalizer)均衡器Exciter 激励器External 外置的,外部设备的Fade in 淡入Fade out 淡出Fantasia 幻想曲Filter 滤波器Flange 凸缘效果器Flat 降号Flute 长笛French Horn 圆号(法国号)Frequency 频率Frequency Modulation(FM)调频Fret 吉它指板Fretless Bass 无品贝司Grace Note 装饰音Grand Piano 三角钢琴Graphic 图解式的Guitar 吉它Harmonica 口琴Harmony 和声,和声学Harp 竖琴Harpsichord 古钢琴Instrument 乐器Intermezzo 间奏曲Internal 内置的,内部的Interval 音程Inversion 转位Key 调Keyboard 键盘Leading-note 导音LFO 低频震荡器 Loop 循环反复Lyric 歌词Major 大调的March 进行曲Measure 小节Metronome 节拍器Minor 小调的Modulation 调制Mordent 波音Monitor 监听Mono 单声道Multiple 多重,多轨Mute 静音Nocturne 夜曲Normalize 最大化波形Note 音符Nylon 尼龙弦吉它Oboe 双簧管Octave 八度Opera 歌剧Orchestral 交响乐团Organ 管风琴Overdrive 过载效果器Overture 序曲Pad 铺垫和弦Pan 相位Pattern 模板Pedal 踏板Percussion 打击乐Phase 相位调整Phones 耳机Piccolo 短笛Pitch 音高Pitch Bend 音高的滑动(推弦)Pizz String 弦乐器拨弦Playback 回放Polyphony 复调,复音数Prelude 前奏曲Quantize 量化Quartet 四重奏(唱)Quintet 五重奏(唱)Realtime 实时的 Recorder 竖笛Relative key 关系调Release 释音Renaissance 文艺复兴Reverb 混响Reverse 颠倒位置Rhapsody 狂想曲Sample 采样器Sample rate 采样率Sampler 采样器Sawtooth 锯齿波Sax 萨克斯Scale 音阶Score 谱面Serenade 小夜曲Sequencer 音序器Sharp 升号Sine 正弦波Sitar 西他(印度乐器)SMPTE 音视频同步码Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Soprano 女高音Spectrum 频谱Square 方型波Staff 五线谱Steel 钢弦吉它Stereo 立体声Strings 弦乐器Subdominant 下属音(和弦)Suspension 延留音Sustain 延音(踏板)Symphony 交响曲Synth 合成的Synthesizer 合成器Tab 吉它六线谱Tape 磁带Tempo 速度Tenor 男高音Timpani 定音鼓Tonica 主和弦Track 音轨 Transpose 移调Tremolo 颤音Trembone 长号Trio 三重奏(唱)Trumpet 小号Tuba 大号Turn 调音Velocity 触键力度Vibrato 颤音,振动Viola 中提琴Violin 小提琴Voice 声部Volume 音量Wah 哇音效果器Xylophone 木琴第五篇:物探专业术语中英文对照lunar tide太阴潮 solar tide太阳潮 turbulence湍流spectrum of turbulence湍流谱turbulent diffusion湍流扩散turbulent dissipation湍流耗散turbulent exchange湍流交换turbulent mixing湍流混合 twilight曙暮光 wind shear风切变 yield function产额函数zonal circulation纬向环流zonal wind纬向风airglow气辉MST radarMST雷达,对流层、平流层、中层大气探测雷达。
实验室专业术语中英文翻译对照
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实验室专业术语中英文翻译对照实验室是科学研究和实践的重要场所。
在实验室中,专业术语的准确理解和正确翻译对于顺利进行实验工作至关重要。
本文将为大家介绍一些实验室中常见的专业术语及其中英文翻译对照。
1. 试剂 (Reagent)试剂是实验室中常用的化学物质,用于进行实验操作和测试。
常见的试剂有溶液、固体试剂、气体试剂等。
2. 试管 (Test tube)试管是实验室中常见的小型圆柱形容器,通常用玻璃制成,用于容纳和混合试剂进行反应或者进行小规模试验。
3. 显微镜 (Microscope)显微镜是实验室中用于放大显微观察样本的设备。
它能够放大细胞、细菌等微小物质,帮助科学家进行研究和观察。
4. 数据 (Data)数据是实验中所获得的信息和观测结果。
实验数据通常使用数字或图表的形式记录下来,用于后续的分析和解释。
5. 实验步骤 (Experimental procedure)实验步骤是进行实验时所执行的一系列操作和程序。
它包括实验前的准备、实验中的步骤和实验后的处理等。
6. 样品 (Sample)样品是实验中所使用的具有代表性的物质,用于测试、观察或者分析。
样品可以是固体、液体或者气体。
7. 浓度 (Concentration)浓度指的是一个溶液中溶质的含量。
常见的浓度单位有摩尔/升、毫摩尔/升等。
8. 平台 (Platform)平台是实验室仪器设备的工作表面,用于放置实验材料、试剂和仪器。
9. 温度 (Temperature)温度是一个物体分子热运动程度的量度。
在实验室中,温度的控制对于保证实验的精确性和可重复性非常重要。
10. 反应器 (Reactor)反应器是用于进行化学反应的装置。
它通常由玻璃或者金属制成,具有耐腐蚀和耐高温的性能。
11. 计时器 (Timer)计时器是用于测量时间的设备,用于监控实验的反应时间和持续时间。
12. 加热器 (Heater)加热器是实验室中常见的设备,用于提供热源,加热溶液或样品,促进化学反应的进行。
常见医学术语(中英文对照)
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常见医学术语(中英文对照)LTwelcome[]vt. & n. 欢迎;a. 受欢迎的offer[]vt. & n. 提供;贡献be about to[](不久)就要,即将training[]n. 训练;培养program[]n. 规划;(教学)大纲general[]a. 一般的,普遍的basic[]a. 基本的,基础的course[]n. 课程;过程;疗程biology[]n. 生物学devote[]vt. 贡献medical[]a. 医学的,医药的anatomy[]n. 解剖学;解剖physiology[]n. 生理学biochemistry[]n. 生物化学term[]n. 学期;期限;术语internal[]a. 内服的;内部的surgery[]n. 外科学,外科and so on[]等等,诸如此类clinical[]a. 临床的have to[]不得不,只好in addition[]另外follow-up[]a. & n. 接着的,后续的advanced[]a. 高级的;先进的besides[]ad. 此外;prep. 除…之外qualified[]a. 合格的campus[]n. 校园storey[]n. 层(楼) collection[]n. 收集,收藏central[]a. 中心的,中央的laboratory[]n. 实验室,研究室dormitory[]n. 宿舍altogether[]ad. 总共treat[]vt. 治疗;处理;对待divide[]vt. 分;隔开speciality[]n. 专业;特征department[]n. 科室;系;学部traditional[]a. 传统的affiliate[]vt. 使…加入;使附于out-patient[]n. 门珍病人in-patient[]n. 住院病人emergency[]n. 紧急情况emergency room[]急诊室timely[]a. 及时的;合时的available[]a. 可取得的;可用的round the clock[]全天二十四小时consult[]vt. 请教;看病;查阅consulting room[]诊室complaint[]n. 疾病;主诉;抱怨ward[]n. 病房surgical[]a. 外科的pediatric[]a. 儿科的intensive[]a. 加强的;集中的intensive care unit[]监二surroundings[]n. 周围事物;环境stimulus[]n. 刺激;刺激物thirdly[]ad. 第三environment[]n. 外界;环境ability[]n. 能力,(pl. )才能be known as[]叫作;称为;以…闻名irritability[]n. 应激性,兴奋性reproduce[]vt. 繁殖,再生,复制reproduction[]n. 繁殖,再生,复制offspring[]n. 后代,后裔process[]n. 过程,程序;vt. 处理generation[]n. 一代;产生,发生to sum up[]总而言之,总之growth[]n. 生长,增加respond[]vi. 响应;回答respond to[]对…有反应;回答response[]n. 反应;回答response to[]对…的反应property[]n. 特性;财产increase[]vt. 增加;n. 增加;增大brain[]n. 脑子likely[]a. 可能的;似乎合适的man-like[]a. 象人的minute[]a. 微小的electron[]n. 电子microscope[]n. 显微镜virus[]n. 病毒single[]a. 唯一的;单一的thread[]n. 线;线索nylon[]n. 尼龙astonishing[]a. 非常惊人的computer[]n. 计算机automatic[]a. 自动的thousand[]n. 千,(pl. )成千上万control[]n. & vt. 控制;支配wonderful[]a. 奇妙的;令人惊奇的artificial[]a. 人工的,非天然的attempt[]vt. & n. 尝试;企图copy[]vt. 抄写;仿效;n. 副本robot[]n. 机器人happen[]vi. 发生;偶然,碰巧human[]n. 人;a. 人的;人类的solve[]vt. 解决;解答reference[]n. 参考;谈到look after[]v. 照顾;寻求librarian[]n. 图书管理员provide[]vt. 提供as well as[]conj. 又;以及periodical[]n. 期刊;a. 周期的classify[]vt. 分类,分等ownership[]n. 所有制,所有权private[]a. 私有的;私立的content[]n. 内容;容量;目录engineering[]n. 工程,工程学frequently[]ad. 时常,屡次contain[]vt. 包含,容纳;装有nowadays[]ad. 现今,现在fiction[]n. 小说non-fiction[]n. 非小说类文学作品encyclopedia[]n. 百科全书refer to[]v. 查阅;参考;提及deal with[]v. 论述;处理;对待subject[]n. 科目;主题subject-matter[]n. 主题;素材author[]n. 作者title[]n. 标题;书目catalog[]n. 目录alphabetical[]a. 按字母顺序的locate[]vt. 查出;设置be located in[]座落于,位于information[]n. 资料;消息;情报well-informed[]a. 消息灵通的regular[]a. 定期的;经常的resource[]n. 资源;富源amount[]n. 数量,总数a large amount of[]大量creation[]n. 创造;创造物object[]n. 物体;目的;宾语centimetre[]n. 厘米width[]n. 宽度,宽大organism[]n. 机体,有机体range[]n. & vt. 范围;排列range from...to...[]从…到…particle[]n. 颗粒;虚词(语法)bacterium[]n. 细菌greek[]a. 希腊的;n. 希腊人invent[]vt. 发明,创造dutch[]a. 荷兰的;n. 荷兰人merchant[]n. 商人homemade[]a. 国产的;家庭制的grind[]vt. 磨;碾lens[]n. 透镜,镜头magnify[]vt. 放大;扩大identify[]vt. 辨认;视为同一unit[]n. 单位;单元;部队compound[]a. 复合的;n. 化合物eyeglass[]n. 眼镜go by[]v. 过去(时间);依照degree[]n. 度,度数;程度precision[]n. 精确,精确度principle[]n. 原理,原则optical[]a. 光学的;视觉的on the other hand[]另一develop[]vt. & vi. 发展;发生beam[]n. 一道(光线),一束play...a role in...[]在…中起…作用physicist[]n. 物理学家structure[]n. 结构;组织care for[]v. 照顾;喜欢take care of[]v. 照看,照料personnel[]n. 全体人员;人事contact[]vt. & n. 接触,联系have contact with[]和…接触;和…联系in case[]conj. 如果;万一thorough[]a. 彻底的;详尽的profession[]n. 职业the profession[]同行,同业substance[]n. 物质;实体cure[]vt. 医治,治愈;矫正cure...of[]医好某人的病;纠正clinic[]n. 门诊所;临床further[]a. & ad. 更进一步的treatment[]n. 治疗;处理,对待seriously[]ad. 严重地;严肃地specialize[]vt. 专门研究,专门化specialize in...[]专攻…;专于…particular[]a. 特别的;特殊的branch[]n. 分科,学科;分枝for instance[]例如surgeon[]n. 外科医生physician[]n. 内科医生solely[]ad. 单独地,只non-surgically[]ad. 非外科手术地cardiologist[]n. 心脏病学家specialist[]n. 专家hematologist[]n. 血液学家damage[]vt. & n. 损害,毁坏dentist[]n. 牙科医生specially[]ad. 特别地,专门地ounce[]n. 盎斯,英两means[]n. (sing)方法,手段prevention[]n. 预防,防止smallpox[]n. 天花case[]n. 病例;患者;情况die[]vi. 死die of[]死于…die from[]死于…recover[]vt. 恢复,复元recover from[]vi. 恢复健康,痊愈scar[]vt. 使留下伤疤;n. 伤疤rare[]a. 稀有的;罕见的notice[]vt. 注意;通知;n. 注意immune[]a. 免疫的;免除的immune to...[]对…有免疫力immunity[]n. 免疫;免除acquired[]后天免疫observation[]n. 观察;观测inoculation[]n. 接种;预防注射deliberately[]ad. 有意地;审慎地diseased[]a. 有病的mild[]a. 轻微的;和缓的severe[]a. 严重的;严厉的acquire[]vt. 获得resist[]vt. 抵抗;抗,耐set to work[]开始工作cowpox[]n. 牛痘germ[]n. 病菌;胚芽transfer[]vt. 转移;转变;转让vaccination[]n. 种痘;接种疫苗practically[]ad. 实际上;几乎wipe out[]v. 消灭;根除obvious[]a. 清楚的;明白的obviously[]ad. 显然,显著地intricate[]a. 复杂的,难了解的spaceship[]n. 宇宙飞船,太空船microscopic[]a. 极微小的,微观的macroscopic[]a. 肉眼可见的,宏观的block[]n. 砌块;部件;街区structural[]a. 结构的;构造的unaided[]a. 无助的;独立的unaided eye[]肉眼similar[]a. 类似的;同样的similar to...[]与…相似fashion[]n. 样子;方式;时髦tissue[]n. 组织;薄纸namely[]ad. 即,就是epithelial[]a. 上皮的cover[]vt. 覆盖,包括;n. 盖子outer[]a. 外面的;外层的surface[]n. 面,表面line[]vt. 衬里;n. 线;行organ[]n. 器官,机关muscular[]a. 肌肉的;肌肉发达的connective[]a. 连接的;结合的naked[]a. 无遮盖的;裸体的naked eye[]肉眼in turn[]反过来,转过来,依次complex[]a. 复杂的,复合的stomach[]n. 胃,腹circulatory[]a. 循环的(血液)respiratory[]a. 呼吸的digestive[]a. 消化的;有消化力的vessel[]n. 管;脉管;容器;船blood vessel[]血管tube[]n. 管air tube[]气管constitute[]vt. 组成;构成spinal[]a. 脊椎骨的cord[]n. 髓;索;带spinal cord[]脊髓coordinate[]vt. 使协调;使同等nervous[]a. 神经的;神经紧张的nervous tissue[]神经组织circulation[]n. 循环(血液);流通circular[]a. 循环的;环形的circulate[]vt. 循环(血液);流通define[]vt. 解释;给…下定义be defined as...[]下定义为…accomplish[]vt. 完成vascular[]a. 血管的,脉管的compose[]vt. 组成,构成be composed of...[]由…组成component[]n. 成分;部分a series of...[]一系列的…collectively[]ad. 集体地,共同artery[]n. 动脉capillary[]n. 毛细血管vein[]n. 静脉connect[]vt. 连接;联系connect...with...[]把…与…连接bring about[]v. 引起;发生;带来pump[]n. 唧筒;抽机hollow[]n. 腔;穴;凹;a. 空的all the time[]每时每刻briefly[]ad. 简短地;简单地oxygen[]n. 氧气oxygen-laden[]n. 带氧的;携氧的deoxygenate[]vt. 除去氧气aorta[]n. 主动脉give off[]v. 放出,排出absorb[]vt. 吸收;吸引intestine[]n. 肠liver[]n. 肝脏carbon[]n. 碳dioxide[]n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide[]二氧化碳by way of...[]经由…;通过…方法pulmonary[]a. 肺的;肺状的discharge[]vt. 排出(气体);解除cycle[]n. 循环;周期major[]a. 主要的;较大的systemic[]a. 全身的;系统的transport[]vt. 输送;运输lesser[]a. 较小的;更少的minor[]a. 较小的,较少的hepatic[]a. 肝的cerebral[]a. 脑的;大脑的pollution[]n. 污染pollute[]vt. 污染;弄脏polluter[]n. 污染者;污染物质community[]n. 社团;社会;团体bothersome[]a. 令人厌恶的;麻烦的in...way[]以…方式partly[]ad. 部分地;不完全地exhaust[]n. 排气,排出;vt. 用尽pipe[]n. 管子exhaust pipe[]排气管trash[]n. 废物,垃圾;断枝invisible[]a. 看不见的detect[]vt. 检测;探测current[]n. 气流;电流;趋势trap[]vt. 止住blanket[]n. 毛毯;毡a blanket of...[]一片或一页的smog[]n. 烟雾irritate[]vt. 刺激,使兴奋keep...from...[]v. 阻止;避开like[]prep. 像;跟…一样emphysema[]n. 肺气肿bronchitis[]n. 支气管炎affect[]vt. 侵袭(疾病);影响uncomfortable[]a. 不舒服的;不自在的lack[]n. & vt. 缺乏,不足lack of[]缺乏soil[]vt. 弄脏;n. 污点;土壤rust[]vt. 生锈,使…生锈discolor[]vt. 使…变色(或褪色) tremendous[]a. 巨大的;惊人的sum[]n. 总数;总和a sum of money[]一笔钱research[]n. 调查;研究;科研conduct[]vt. 实施;进行;传导effective[]a. 有效的;有力的combat[]vt. 与…斗争;反对diagnosis[]n. 诊断;诊断书determine[]vt. 确定;决定nature[]n. 性质;种类;自然symptom[]n. 症状;症候sign[]n. 体征;征兆;迹象objective[]a. 客观的;n. 目的observe[]vt. 观察;遵守characteristic[]a. 表明特性的;特有的characteristic of...[]表明…特性的accompany[]vt. 与…同时发生syndrome[]n. 综合症evaluate[]vt. 估计;评价extremely[]ad. 极其,非常valuable[]a. 很有价值的,贵重的disorder[]n. 失调;轻病;混乱prescribe[]vt. 开(药方);规定therapy[]n. 治疗;疗法chemotherapy[]n. 化学疗法(化疗) physiotherapy[]n. 物理疗法(理疗) measure[]n. 措施;办法;量度carry out[]v. 进行;执行;实施recent[]a. 最近的,近来的recently[]ad. 近来relate[]vt. 叙述;涉及;有关professional[]a. 职业的;业务的take on[]v. 承担;接受responsibility[]n. 责任;负责aim[]n. 目的;目标;vi. 瞄准aim at[]目的在于exist[]vt. 存在;生存existing[]a. 现存的;现有的concept[]n. 概念seek[]vt. 试图;寻找;请求actually[]ad. 实际上promotion[]n. 促进;增长;晋级vast[]a. 巨大的;广阔的organization[]n. 组织;机构international[]a. 国际的individual[]a. 个别的;n. 个体local[]a. 地方的,当地的maintenance[]n. 维持;保养mental[]a. 精神的,脑力的antibiotic[]n. 抗生素;a. 抗生的resistant[]a. 反抗,抵抗resistant to...[]对…有抵抗力antibiotic-resistant[]a. 耐抗生素的arrest[]vt. 阻止;抑止;逮捕pathogenic[]a. 致病的upset[]vt. 扰乱;n. 紊乱vital[]a. 生命的,极其重要的derive[]vt. 取得,得到be derived from...[]由…而来;起源于mold[]n. 霉penicillin[]n. 盘尼西林,青霉素penicillium[](拉)青霉素be made from[]由…制成streptomyces[]n. 链霉菌素streptomycin[]n. 链霉素incalculable[]a. 不可胜数的;无数的benefit[]n. 利益,好处of benefit to...[]对…有好处mankind[]n. 人类give rise to[]v. 引起,使发生,招致complication[]n. 并发症;复杂的情况secondary[]a. 继发的,第二次的infection[]n. 感染;传染病specific[]a. 特殊的;特定的coexist[]vi. 同时存在,共存fungus[]n. 真菌,霉菌up to[]直到;该由;胜任administration[]n. 给药;用药;管理eliminate[]vt. 消灭,除去unaffected[]a. 不受影响的prevent...from...[]v. 使…不能,阻止unrestrainedly[]ad. 无限制地set up[]v. 引起;设立,建立allergy[]n. 过敏性反应,过敏症abnormal[]a. 不正常的,反常的reaction[]n. 反应;反作用consequence[]n. 后果,结果widespread[]a. 分布广的;普及的result in...[]v. 产生…的结果,导致evolution[]n. 发展;发育,进化strain[]n. 株(细菌等);品系medication[]n. 药疗法;药剂prevalence[]n. 流行;普遍fast[]a. 抗拒的drug-fast[]抗药的,耐药的staphylococci[]葡萄球菌quinine[]n. 奎宁free from...[]a. 无…的,免去…的malaria[]n. 疟疾value[]n. 价值;重要的spaniard[]n. 西班牙人count[]n. 伯爵(贵族的头衔)lima[]n. 利马(秘鲁首都)peru[]n. 秘鲁peruvian[]a. 秘鲁的;秘鲁人的america[]n. 美洲;美国amerindian[]n. 美洲印第安人indian[]n. 印第安人;印度人mosquito[]n. 蚊breed[]vt. & vi. 繁殖;饲养drain[]v. 排去;排水;引流drain away[]排去…的水bark[]n. 树皮powder[]n. 粉末;粉剂mix[]vt. 混合mix with...[]与…混在一起fall ill[]生病intimate[]a. 亲密的;密切的worry about...[]为…担心,为…着急secretly[]ad. 秘密地;隐蔽地secret[]n. 秘密;秘诀;奥妙murder[]vt. & n. 杀害;谋杀disclose[]vt. 揭开;泄露utter[]vt. 说出;表达absent[]a. 制度;缺乏的inquire[]vt. 询问;打听servant[]n. 仆人;雇工get to[]v. 到达square[]n. 广场;街区in time[]及时;迟早at the last moment[]在最后的时刻wonder[]n. 奇迹,惊奇reveal[]vt. 揭示;揭露;启示europe[]n. 欧洲swedish[]a. 瑞典的;瑞典人name...after...[]v. 以…命名countess[]n. 伯爵夫人;女伯爵as to[]prep. 至于…;关于…kidney[]n. 肾,腰子transplant[]vt. & n. 移植(物)fail[]vi. 不能;失败remedy[]n. 治疗法;药物paw-paw[]n. 番木瓜grocery[]n. 食品杂货店exotic[]a. 外来的,异国的strip[]n. 一片,一条infect[]vt. 感染;传染surprise[]n. 惊奇;意外之事to one's surprise[]使…感到惊奇marvellous[]a. 奇异的;惊人的remark[]vt. & n. 说;谈论,评论impress[]vt. 给予深刻印象in one's opinion[]据某人看来efficacious[]a. 有效的(不指人)otherwise[]ad. 在其他方面detrimental[]a. 有害的,有损的anyhow[]ad. 无论如何explanation[]n. 解释,说明decay[]vt. & n. 腐烂,衷败lay[]vt. 放置;产卵beetroot[]n. 甜菜根onion[]n. 洋葱herbal[]a. 草本植物的herb[]n. 药草;草本植物digitalis[]n. 洋地黄,毛地黄originate[]vi. 发生;发起originate from...[]起源于…despite[]prep. 不管,不顾criticism[]n. 批评意见hold[]vt. 认为;相信;握heal[]vt. & n. 治愈normal[]a. 正常的,正规的routine[]n. 常规;例行手续expensive[]a. 昂贵的import[]'vt. 输入,进口britain[]n. 英国idea[]n. 主意;思想medicinal[]a. 有药性的;医药的defence[]n. 保护,保卫,防御by far[]大量;最;非常droplet[]n. 飞沫;小滴droplet infection[]飞沫感染swarm[]vi. 密集;涌往;充满inside[]prep. 在…里面positively[]ad. 绝对地;肯定地helpful[]a. 有益的;有帮助的gain entrance to...[]进入…ensue[]vi. 随着发生;结果是disease-producing[]a. 致病的overcome[]vt. 战胜,克服;压倒fairly[]ad. 相当地,适度地terminate[]vt. & vi. 终止;结束fortunately[]ad. 幸运地,幸好manage[]vt. 设法;控制;管理penetrate[]vt. 进入;穿透;渗透invader[]n. 侵略者,侵犯者invasion[]n. 发病;侵袭;侵略barrier[]n. 障碍物,屏障guard[]vt. 保护,保卫;防止break[]n. 破口;天亮;暂停beneath[]prep. 在…下面parasite[]n. 寄生物expense[]n. 代价;花费;费用at the expense of...[]以…作代价,牺牲…host[]n. 宿主;主人a host of...[]许多fluid[]n. 液体;流体release[]vt. 释放;解放responsible[]a. 有责任的,负责的normally[]ad. 正常地;平常地swallow[]vt. 吞;吞没;n. 吞,咽secrete[]vt. 分泌;藏匿acid[]n. 酸;a. 味酸的digest[]vt. 消化;领会counteract[]vt. 抵抗;抵消leucocyte[]n. 白细胞site[]n. 部位,位置;场所eat up[]吃光engulf[]vt. 吞没phagocytosis[]n. 噬菌作用;吞噬作用phagocyte[]n. (吞)噬细胞antibody[]n. 抗体manufacture[]vt. & n. 制造,生产bloodstream[]n. 血流protection[]n. 保护,防护物cross[]vt. 横过;n. 十字(形)cross infection[]交叉感染other than[]不同于,非;除了admit[]vt. 许可进入;可容纳occur[]vi. 发生;存在occur to sb.[]想起,想到fatal[]a. 致命的;命中注定的be aware of[]意识到;明白;觉察到take place[]发生;举行secretion[]n. 分泌物;隐藏faeces[]n. 粪;排泄物,渣滓urine[]n. 尿indirectly[]ad. 间接地lesion[]n. 创伤(身体上的)access[]n. 通路;接触gain access to...[]进入…inhalation[]n. 吸入;吸入药剂ingestion[]n. 咽下;吸收significant[]a. 有意义的;重要的significance[]n. 重要性,重大;意义strict[]a. 严格的;精确的preventive[]a. 预防的;n. 预防法attend[]vt. 出席;参加attend to...[]护理,照顾;专心considerable[]a. 重要的,值得重视的consequently[]ad. 因而,所以equipment[]n. 装备,设备article[]n. 物件,物品;文章employ[]vt. & n. 使用,雇用linen[]n. 亚麻织物(指台布等)bed-sheet[]n. 床单disinfect[]vt. 给…消毒;清除thoroughly[]ad. 彻底地,全面地free of[]无…的;免除的route[]n. 路,路线;航线transmission[]n. 传染;传送;发射essential[]a. 必不可少的;实质的hand-washing[]n. 洗手above-mentioned[]a. 以上提到的,上述的undertake[]vt. 进行,从事;承担be sure to inf.[]必定,一定reduce[]vt. 减少,缩减;复位pharmacologist[]n. 药物学家pharmacology[]n. 药物学noted[]a. 著名的province[]n. 省;领域;范围childhood[]n. 幼年;童年期keen[]a. 强烈的;锐利的go into...[]从事…;加入…concern[]vt. 涉及;对…有关render[]vt. 提供;翻译;使得commence[]vt. 开始carry on...[]继续;经营tradition[]n. 传统,习俗delay[]n. & vt. 耽误;延迟constant[]a. 经常的;恒定的recipe[]n. 处方;秘诀integrate[]vt. 使成为整体integrate...with...[]使…与…结合in particular[]特别地;尤其grave[]a. 严重的;严肃的error[]n. 错误decade[]n. 十年,十年期work at...[]忙于…,从事于…eventually[]ad. 最后,终于""ben cao gang mu""[]n. 《本草纲目》pharmacopoeia[]n. 药典present[]vt. 提出,给予;介绍explicit[]a. 明确的;详述的direction[]n. 说明;指导;方向prescription[]n. 处方;吩咐;指示illustration[]n. 插图;例证description[]n. 描述;图说describe[]vt. 描绘;叙述described as[]说成是moreover[]ad. 此外;而且;再者seemingly[]ad. 表面上;外观上distillation[]n. 蒸溜mercury[]n. 汞;水银ephedrine[]n. 麻黄碱;麻黄素iodine[]n. 碘,碘酒masterpiece[]n. 名著;杰作universally[]ad. 普遍地world-wide[]a. 遍及全球的fame[]n. 名声;声誉universe[]n. 宇宙atmosphere[]n. 大气;空气;气氛pure[]a. 纯净的,单纯的salt[]n. 盐chalk[]n. 粉笔;白垩protein[]n. 蛋白质concerned with...[]有关…aspect[]n. 方面;外貌;外观break down[]v. 分解;捣毁;瓦解silver[]n. 银non-metal[]n. 非金属物质sulphur[]n. 硫(磺) monoxide[]n. 一氧化物fume[]n. 汽,烟exhaust fume[]废气yield[]vt. 产生;出产yield to...[]屈服于;投降exhale[]vt. 呼出;发出neutron[]n. 中子composition[]n. 成分;构成;作文transformation[]n. 转变;变质;变形undergo[]vt. 经历;遭受hardness[]n. 硬;硬度heaviness[]n. 重;重量dissolve[]vt. 溶解;消散naturally[]ad. 自然地;必然地consistent[]a. 一致的;经常的fall into[]v. 分成…;陷入…division[]n. 部分;分开;划分subdivision[]n. 细分;再分的部分organic[]a. 有机的;器质性的inorganic[]a. 无机的analytical[]a. 分析的;用分析法的radiochemistry[]n. 放射化学associate[]vt. 使发生联系associated with...[]a. 与…有关;由于fundamental[]a. 基本的,基础的atomic[]a. 原子的radioactive[]a. 放射性的,辐射性的involve[]vt. 包括;牵涉foodstuff[]n. 食料,食品utilization[]n. 利用biological[]a. 生物学的nutrition[]n. 营养;营养学nutrient[]n. 营养物a. 营养的nourishment[]n. 营养品;食物whatever[]pron. 不论什么require[]vt. 要求;需要enable[]vt. 使能够,使可以replace[]vt. 取代;代替;放回replace by[]用…来代替nail[]n. 指甲;铁钉category[]n. 种类;范畴carbohydrate[]n. 糖类;碳水化合物vitamin[]n. 维生素mineral[]n. 矿物,无机物figure[]n. 数字;插图;vt. 想象figure out[]想出;理解figure into[]列入;包括进diet[]n. 饮食;食物quantity[]n. 量;数量compare[]vt. 比较compare with...[]与…比较compare to...[]比作…builder[]n. 建设者,建造者hemoglobin[]n. 血红蛋白carrier[]n. 载体;媒介物calcium[]n. 钙phosphorus[]n. 磷indispensable[]a. 不可缺少的indispensable to...[]为…所不可缺少的thyroid[]n. 甲状腺;a. 盾状的gland[]n. 腺thyroid gland[]甲状腺emphasize[]vt. 强调detail[]n. 详情;细节in detail[]详细地regulation[]n. 调节;管理;规则metabolism[]n. 新陈代谢,代谢作用distinguish[]vt. 区别,辨别;分类distinguish from...[]把…区别于…soluble[]a. 可溶解的respectively[]ad. 个别地;分别地b-complex[]复合维生素babsence[]n. 缺乏;缺席;离开deficiency[]n. 缺乏;缺席;离开blindness[]n. 瞎,盲night blindness[]夜盲rickets[]n. 佝偻病,软骨病scurvy[]n. 坏血病characterize[]vt. 以…为特征hemorrhage[]n. 出血,溢血fragility[]n. 易碎,脆性loosen[]vt. 使放松,松驰none[]pron. 毫无varied[]a. 不同的;各种各样的well-balanced[]a. 均衡的well-balanced diet[]均衡饮食motto[]n. 箴言,座右铭exercise[]vi. 运动,锻炼;n. 运动depend[]vt. 依赖,依靠;信赖depend on[]依…而定;依靠…primarily[]ad. 主要地;根本上地base[]n. 基地;底部based on...[]建立在…基础上out of...[]prep. 没有;缺乏intensity[]n. 强度duration[]n. 持续;持久fitness[]n. 适应能力;恰当physical fitness[]体质适应力ease[]n. 容易;舒适;vt. 减轻with ease[]不费力地tax[]vt. 增添…负担;n. 税to some extent[]在某种程度上built-in[]a. 嵌入的,内装的valve[]n. 瓣膜;阀reasonable[]a. 适当的,有道理的fatigue[]n. 疲劳,劳累recuperate[]vt. 复原;恢复健康guide[]vt. 引导;带领;n. 指南strenuously[]ad. 奋发地;使劲地breathlessness[]n. 屏息;气喘吁吁pound[]vt. 跳动;敲打;猛击pulse[]n. 脉搏;有节奏的跳动rate[]n. 速率;比率;等级appropriate[]a. 适当的;恰如其分的interfere[]vi. 打扰;干涉interfere in...[]妨碍interfere with...[]打扰unduly[]ad. 过度地;过分地stiff[]a. 僵直;一动就痛except for[]prep. 除…之外;若无sore[]a. 痛的;使人痛苦的pick[]vt. 选择;摘;挖regularly[]ad. 有规律地;定期地variety[]n. 多样化;变化;种类a variety of[]种种spice[]n. 趣味;香料add spice to...[]调味;使…增添兴趣schedule[]n. 计划表;课程表in a position to inf.[]能够(做某事)indulge[]vt. 纵情享受;使沉迷indulge in...[]沉溺于…vigorous[]a. 强有力的look forward to[]v. 盼望brisk[]n. 活跃的;轻快的supplement[]vt. 增补;补充;n. 增补convenient[]a. 方便的;合适的interrupt[]vt. 打扰;打断;阻断mind[]vt. 注意;介意;n. 头脑manner[]n. 礼貌;方式;态度ill-mannered[]'a. 无礼貌的;粗野的well-mannered[]a. 有礼貌的behave[]vi. 行动;举止;运转politely[]ad. 客气地;有礼貌地race[]n. 种族;种类;比赛asian[]a. & n. 亚洲的;亚洲人take off[]v. 脱掉;起飞european[]a. & n. 欧洲的;欧洲人muddy[]a. 多泥的;泥色的guest[]n. 客人;宾客malay[]a. 马来西亚的;n. 马来人find out[]v. 找出;发现;查明custom[]n. 风俗;习惯customs[]关税wrong[]ad. 错误地;不正当地go wrong[]犯错误;出毛病trouble[]n. 毛病;苦恼;麻烦in trouble[]处于困境(不幸)之中gentle[]a. 有礼貌的;温柔的post office[]n. 邮局take one's turn[]依次;轮流queue[]n. 长队;辫子accidentally[]ad. 偶然地;意外地bump[]v. 撞击bump into[]碰…;撞…get in one's way[]挡住…的路excuse[]vt. 原谅excuse me.[]请原谅request[]vt. & n. 要求;请求seat[]vt. 使…坐下;n. 座位be seated[]坐着;坐下full of[]a. 充满…handkerchief[]n. 手帕;手绢sneeze[]vi. 打喷嚏;n. 喷嚏campaign[]n. 运动;战役cultivate[]vt. 培养;修养;耕种civic[]a. 公民的;市民的virtue[]n. 美德;功效;善as a matter of fact[]事实上morality[]n. 道德;道义provided[]conj. 假如;以…为条件observer[]n. 观察者;奉行者conception[]n开始怀孕;概念check-up[]n. 检查;体检interval[]n. 间隔,空隙;休息at regular intervals[]定期地restore[]vt. 使恢复正常;归还restore...to health[]使…恢复健康on hand[]在场;拥有;在手头labor[]n. 分娩;劳动;vi. 工作encounter[]n. & vt. 遇见;遭遇safeguard[]vt. 保护;维护shot[]n. 注射;拍摄;发射diphtheria[]n. 白喉tetanus[]n. 破伤风whoop[]vi. & n. 哮喘声;高喊whooping cough[]百日咳discomfort[]n. 不舒适;不安visible[]a. 看得见的stethoscope[]n. 听诊器bell-shaped[]a. 铃状的chest piece[]n. 听胸器,胸件ear piece[]n. 接耳管;耳件plastic[]a. 塑料的heartbeat[]n. 心脏跳动decision[]n. 决定;决断exact[]a. 精确的;正确的ailment[]n. 失调,小毛病establish[]vt. 建立,设立;确立predict[]vt. 预测;预言prediction[]n. 预言;预示prognosis[]n. 预后judgement[]n. 判断;见识stomach-ache[]n. 胃痛;腹痛indigestion[]n. 消化不良症malady[]n. 疾病region[]n. 部位;地区;区域in fact[]其实,实际上relatively[]ad. 相对地;比较地condition[]n. 情况;状态;条件concentration[]n. 集中;专心;浓度ensure[]vt. 保证;担保disastrous[]a. 灾难性的therapeutic[]a. 治疗的;治疗学的administer[]vt. 供给;管理,实施pain-killer[]n. 止痛药aspirin[]n. 阿司匹林self-limited[]a. 自限的relief[]n. 减轻(病,痛苦)vanish[]vi. 消失;消灭warrant[]vt. 使有理由,保证sample[]n. 样本;标本analyse[]vt. 分析,分解lab-technician[]n. 化验员;技术员indicate[]vt. 表明(症状);指示perceive[]vt. 察觉;看出;理解scrutinize[]vt. 细看;仔细检查dislocate[]vt. 使脱臼;脱位(骨头)shatter[]vt. 使粉碎;毁灭reset[]vt. 使复位;重接(断骨)align[]vt. 排列;使成直线somewhat[]ad. 稍微;有点diminish[]vt. 减轻;减少severity[]n. 严重;严格;严肃keep up with[]v. 跟上…go through[]v. 经受;经历lengthy[]a. 漫长的,冗长的apart from[]prep. 除去…;撇去…well-being[]n. 健康;福利beyond[]prep. 超出(范围)lay-person[]n. 外行;俗人prolong[]vt. 延长prolonged[]a. 持续很久的candidate[]n. 候选人;参加考试者background[]n. 经历;背景;幕后patient[]a. 有耐心的;n. 病人sympathetic[]a. 同情的;和谐的model[]n. 典型;模型;样式ideal[]n. 思想;理想;典型self-sacrificing[]a. 自我牺牲的bethune[]n. 白求恩norman bethune[]诺尔曼·白求恩amputate[]vt. 切除;截肢anger[]n. 怒;忿怒hesitantly[]ad. 犹豫地bandage[]n. 绷带;vt.用绷带包扎pus[]n. 脓stick[]vt. 粘贴;插入stick to[]粘住;坚持;坚守tear[]vt. 撕;撕掉;n. 泪coldly[]ad. 冷淡地splint[]n. 夹板director[]n. 指导者;主任,董事blame[]vt. 责备;n. 过失;责难be to blame[]该受责备negligence[]n. 粗心;疏忽negligent[]a. 粗心的;不注意的in use[]在使用spare[]a. 多余的;备用的whatsoever[]a. & pron. 无论什么choke[]vi. & vt. 窒息;噎住choke with anger[]气得说不出话来rage[]n. & vi. 盛怒;发怒genuine[]a. 真实的;真正的callous[]a. 无情的;冷淡的proceed[]vt. 前进;着手proceed with...[]继续进行patiently[]ad. 耐心地lifetime[]n. 终身;一生buffalo[]n. 水牛;野牛detachment[]n. 分队,支队;分开sheer[]a. 纯粹的;近乎透明的self-disciplined[]a. 自我训练的;自律的endeavor[]n. 努力;企图come to...[]逐渐…assign[]vt. 分配;指派assign...to[]把…分配给all-round[]a. 全面的;综合性的instruction[]n. 指导;教导;指示skilled[]a. 熟练的;有经验的founder[]n. 创立者,奠基者bacteriology[]n. 细菌学louis pasteur[]n. 路易·巴斯德(姓名) acknowledge[]vt. 供认;承认career[]n. 生涯;经历;职业achievement[]n. 成就;功绩prominent[]a. 卓越的;显著的talent[]n. 才能;才智mark[]n. 分数;标记;特征be marked by...[]特征是…inspire[]vt. 鼓舞;使感悟wine[]n. 酒;葡萄酒dreadful[]a. 可怕的sour[]a. 酸的;酸腐的ruin[]n. 毁灭;破产;vt. 破坏sound[]a. 完好的;健全的unsound[]a. 腐烂变质的;谬误的beer[]n. 啤酒yeast[]n. 酵母;发酵物ball-shaped[]a. 球形的alcohol[]n. 醇,酒精fermentation[]n. 发酵rod-shaped[]a. 杆状的latter[]a. 后者的;后面的the latter[]后者lactic[]a. 乳的lactic acid[]乳酸pasteurization[]n. 巴氏消毒法in honor of...[]为纪念…;为庆祝…contaminate[]vt. 污染;弄脏;传染alter[]vt. 改变;改做(衣服)quality[]n. 质,质量;特性immense[]a. 巨大的,广大的demonstrate[]vt. 显示;表明;未范raw[]a. 生的;未煮过的silkworm[]n. 蚕eradicate[]vt. 根除;连根拔掉suspect[]'vt. 猜想;怀疑confirm[]vt. 证实;使更坚定formulate[]vt. 系统地阐述revolutionize[]vt. 使革命化disinfectant[]n. 消毒剂;a. 消毒的elimination[]n. 消除;消灭brilliant[]a. 杰出的;卓越的foundation[]n. 基础;创办;基金at war[]处于战争状态,交战russia[]n. 俄国;俄罗斯russian[]n. 俄国人;俄语disturb[]vt. 扰乱;打扰;妨碍disturbing[]a. 令人担心的the times[]《泰晤士报》(英国)regarding[]prep. 关于at the time[]那时候florence nightingale[]n. 弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔in charge of[]负责…london[]n. 伦敦as soon as[]conj. 一…就…appalling[]a. 骇人听闻的minister[]n. 部长;大臣personally[]ad. 亲自地;私人地service[]n. 服务;职位;公务make one's way[]前进,行进;成功imagine[]vt. 想象;认为furniture[]n. 家具towel[]n. 毛巾,手巾fork[]n. 叉scarcely[]ad. 几乎不,几乎没有worship[]vt. 尊敬,崇拜;n. 崇拜comfort[]n. 安慰,舒服;安逸pass by[]v. 走过by the hundreds[]大批地;数以百计shadow[]n. 影子;树萌scrub[]vt. 擦洗carelessly[]ad. 疏忽地,粗心地confusion[]n. 混乱;慌乱;混淆accomplishment[]n.成就;完成;造诣at home[]在家;在国内opposition[]n. 反对;相反;对立british[]a. 英国的;英国人的at one's back[]支持renovate[]vt. 更新;修复award[]vt. 授予;n. 奖品;判定merit[]n. 功绩;荣誉;优点order of merit[]一等功pass away[]v. 逝世acupuncture[]n. 针刺;针刺疗法apply[]vt. 使用;适用;申请puncture[]n. & vt. 刺;穿刺hand down[]v. 把…传下来insert[]vt. 插入analgesia[]n. 止痛法;无痛procedure[]n. 程序;手续;方法typically[]ad. 有代表性地in position[]在适当的位置;在原位manipulate[]vt. 熟练地使用;操作twirl[]vi. 迅速转动;捻针activate[]vt. 使活化;激活pulsate[]vi. 跳动;颤动;脉冲stimulation[]n. 刺激(作用);兴奋so-called[]a. 所谓的acupressure[]n. 针压法approach[]n. 探讨;研究;处理ultrasound[]n. 超声laser[]n. 激光;激光器moxibustion[]n. 艾炙;艾灼represent[]vt. 代表;描绘;阐述moxa[]n. 艾;灼烙剂pathophysiology[]n.病理生理学inherent[]a. 固有的;生来的pervade[]vt. 遍及;充满;渗透qi[]n. 气(中医) channel[]n. 海峡;航道;路线meridian[]n. 经络(中医)lobe[]n. 耳垂;叶(脑、肺)combination[]n. 联合,结合in combination with[]与…结合(联合) adhere[]vi. 粘附adhere to[]坚持;依附strictly[]ad. 严格地;明确地empirically[]ad. 经验主义地in accordancewith[]prep. 根据…;依照…institution[]n. 机构;学校;协会mechanism[]n. 机理;结构investigate[]vt. 调查,调查研究investigation[]n. 调查,调查研究contribute[]vt. 贡献出;捐(款)contribute to...[]起一份作用;出一份力correlate[]vt. 使相互关联correlate with[]与…相关联efficacy[]n. 功效;效验claim[]vt. 声称;主张;要求effectiveness[]n. 效力;生效abuse[]n. 滥用;vt. 滥用diagnostic[]a. 诊断的;特征的aid[]n. 帮助,辅助物diagnostic aid[]辅助诊断手段conjunction[]n. 关联;联合fluoroscopy[]n. 荧光检查;荧光学gastrointestinal[]a. 胃肠的panacea[]n. 万应药weight[]n. 重要性;影响;重量evidence[]n. 根据;证据;迹象accumulation[]n. 收集;累积countless[]a. 无数的treasure-house[]n. 宝库unrivalled[]a. 无匹的;无对手的richness[]n. 丰富;繁茂adopt[]vt. 采纳;采取;选定satisfactory[]a. 令人满意的;良好的incurable[]a. 不能治疗的unique[]a. 独特的;无与伦比的feature[]n. 特色;特征;容貌outstanding[]a. 杰出的;凸出的management[]n. 管理;处理;手段abdominal[]a. 腹部的abdomen[]n. 腹部consist[]v. 出…组成entity[]n. 实体;实在物;存在pathologic[]a. 病理的manifestation[]n. 表现;表示appearance[]n. 出现;出场;外观tongue[]n. 舌;语言classification[]n. 分类;归类obstruction[]n. 阻碍;堵塞interference[]n. 干涉;防碍functional[]a. 功能的;官能的disturbance[]n. 扰乱;紊乱;失调evaluation[]n. 估价;评价biliary[]a. 胆的;胆汁的tract[]n. 管;道biliary tract[]胆管regulate[]vt. 调节;管理;控制antibacterial[]a. 抗菌的;n. 抗菌剂toxin[]n. 毒素;毒质tranquilize[]vt. 使平静;使镇定adrenal[]a. 肾上腺的;n. 肾上腺cortex[]n. 皮质;外皮enhance[]vt. 提高;增加;增强enhancement[]n. 提高;增加on the one hand[]在一方面causative[]a. 引起…的causative agent[]病原体,致病物resultant[]a. 作为结果的;合成的physiological[]a. 生理的;生理学的perforation[]n. 穿孔;打眼peptic[]a. 消化性的;消化液的ulcer[]n. 溃疡peptic ulcer[]胃溃疡peritonitis[]n. 腹膜炎scope[]n. 范围;余地;视界extend[]vt. 伸出;扩展;延长extremity[]n. 肢(身体的);手,足spine[]n. 脊骨additional[]a. 另外的;附加的amenable[]a. 可改正的amenable to...[]可以治好的。
人力资源专业术语(中英文对照)
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1.人力资源管理导论组织:(organization) 管理者:(manager) 管理过程:(management process) 人力资源管理:(human resource management) 职权:(authority) 直线职权:(line authority) 职能职权:(staff authority) 直线经理:(line manager) 职能经理:(staff manager) 全球化:(globalization) 人力资本:(human capital) 伦理道德:(ethics)2.公平就业机会及相关法律积极的反歧视行动:(affirmative action) 规范化指南:(uniform guide lines) 受保护群体:(protected class) 混合动机:(mixed motive) 合格者:(qualified individuals) 性骚扰:(sexual harassment) 五分之四法则:(4/5 ths rule) 消极影响:(adverse impact) 差别拒绝率:(sisparate rejection rates) 限制性政策:(restricted policy) 人口比较:(population comparisons) 真实职业资格:(bona tide accupational qualification) 建设性争议处理程序:(alternative dispute resolution) 建设性争议处理计划:(ADR program) 多元化:(diversity) 刻板印象:(stereotyping) 歧视:(discrimination) 象征主义:(tokenism) 种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism) 性别角色刻板印象:(gender-role stereotype) 善意努力战略:(good faith effort strategy) 逆向歧视:(reverse discrimination)3.人力资源管理战略与分析战略规划:(strategic plan) 战略管理:(strategic management) 使命陈述:(mission statement) 公司战略:(corporate-level strategy) 竞争战略:(competitive strategy) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage) 职能战略:(functional strategy) 战略性人力资源管理:(strategic human resource management) 战略地图:(strategy map) 人力资源计分卡:(HR scorecard) 数字仪表盘:(digital dashboard) 基于战略的衡量指标:(strategy-based metrics) 人力资源管理审计:(HR audit) 高绩效工作系统:(high-performance work system)4.职位分析与人才管理过程人才管理:(talent management)职位分析:(job analysis) 职位描述:(job description) 任职资格:(job specification) 组织结构图:(organization chart) 工作流程图:(process chart) 工作流分析:(workflow analysis) 业务流畅再造:(business process reengineering) 职位扩大化:(job enlargement) 职位轮换:(job rotation) 职位丰富化:(job enrichment) 工作日记/日志:(diary/log) 职位分析问卷法:(position analysis questionnaire) 标准职位分类:(standard occupational classification) 任务描述:(task statement) 职位要求矩阵:(job requirements matrix)5.人事规划与招聘人事规划:(workforce planning) 趋势分析:(trend analysis) 比率分析:(ratio analysis) 散点分析:(scatter plot) 任职资格条件库:(qualifications inventories) 人员替代图:(personnel replacement charts) 职位替代卡:(position replacement card) 马尔科夫分析法:(markov analysis) 继任规划:(succession planning) 员工招聘:(employee recruiting) 招聘产出金字塔:(recruiting yield pyramid) 职位空缺公告:(job posting)非常规性配员:(alternative staffing) 即时招聘服务机构:(on-demand recruiting services) 大学校园招募:(college recruiting) 求职申请表:(application form)员工测试与甄选疏忽雇佣:(negligent hiring) 信度:(reliability) 测试效度:(test validity) 效标关联效度:(criterion validity) 内容效度:(content validity) 构想效度:(construct validity) 期望图:(expectancy chart) 兴趣测试:(interest inventories) 工作样本:(work samples) 工作样本技术:(work samples technique) 管理评价中心:(management assessment centers) 情境测试:(situational test) 视频模拟测试:(video-based simulation) 小型工作培训和评价方法:(miniature job training and evaluation)7.非结构化面试:(unstructured interviews) 结构化面试:(structured interviews) 情景面试:(situational interview) 行为面试:(behavioral interview) 职位相关性面试:(job-related interview) 压力面试:(stress interview)结构化顺序面试:(unstructured sequential interview) 小组面试:(panel interview) 集体面试:(mass interview) 求职者面试顺序误差:(candidate-order or contrast error) 结构化情境面试:(structured situational interview)8.员工培训与开发新员工入职引导:(employee orientation training) 培训:(training)任务分析:(task analysis) 培训疏忽:(negligent training) 胜任素质模型:(competency model) 绩效分析:(performance analysis) 在岗培训:(on-the -job training) 学徒制培训:(apprenticeship training) 工作指导培训:(job instruction training) 程序化学习:(programmed learning) 行为塑造:(behavior modeling) 电子化绩效支持系统:(electronic performance support system) 工作助手:(job aid) 终身学习:(lifelong learning) 交叉培训:(cross training) 虚拟课堂:(virtual classroom) 管理技能开发:(management development) 职位轮换:(job rotation) 行为学习:(action learning) 案例研究法:(case study method) 管理游戏:(management games) 角色扮演:(role play)企业内开发中心:(inhouse development centres) 高管教练:(executive coach) 组织发展:(organization development) 控制实验:(controlled experimentation)9.绩效管理与评价绩效评价:(performance appraisal) 绩效评价过程:(performance process) 绩效管理:(performance management) 图评价尺度法:(graphic rating scale) 交替排序法:(alternative ranking method) 配对比较法:(paired comparison method) 强制分布法:(forced distribution method) 关键事件法:(critical incidentmethod) 行为锚定等级评价法:(behaviorally anchored rating scale) 目标管理:(management by objectives)电子化绩效监控:(electronic performance monitoring) 标准不清:(unclear standard) 晕轮效应:(halo effect) 居中趋势:(central tendency) 宽大或严格倾向:(strictness/leniency) 近因效应:(recency effect) 绩效评价面谈:(appraisal interview)10.员工保留、敬业度及职业生涯管理职业生涯:(career) 职业生涯管理:(career management) 职业生涯开发:(career development)职业生涯规划:(career planning) 现实震荡:(reality shock) 导师指导:(mentoring) 教练指导:(coaching) 晋升:(promotion) 调动:(transfer) 不服从上级:(insuboardination) 自由解雇:(terminate at will) 解雇面谈:(termination interview) 重新谋职咨询:(outplacement counseling) 离职面谈:(exit interview) 临时解雇:(lay off) 裁员:(down sizing) 解雇管理:(managing dismissals) 生命周期:(lifecycle career) 职业生涯管理:(career management) 职业锚:(career anchor)11.制定战略性薪酬计划员工薪酬:(employee compensation) 直接经济报酬:(direct financial payment) 间接经济报酬:(indirect payments) 职位评价:(job evaluation) 报酬要素:(compensable factores) 杠杆职位:(benchmark jobs) 职位排序:(ranking method) 职位分类法:(job classification or job grading) 职级:(classes) 职等:(grades)职位等级定义:(grade definition) 计点法:(point method) 市场竞争性薪酬系统:(market-competitive pay system) 薪酬政策线:(wage curves) 薪酬调查:(salary survey) 薪酬等级:(pay ranges) 比较比率:(compa ratios) 胜任素质薪酬:(competency-based pay) 宽带薪酬:(broad banding) 可比价值:(comparable worth)12.绩效薪酬和经济性奖励经济类奖励:(financial incentives ) 生产率:(productivity) 日公平工作标准:(fair day 's work) 科学管理运动:(scientific management movement) 可变薪酬:(variable pay) 期望:(expectancy) 关联性:(instrumentality) 效价:( Valance) 行为修正:(behavior modification) 简单计件工资:(straight piecework) 标准工时计划:(standard hour plan) 绩效加薪:(merit pay or merit raise) 年终奖:(annual bonus) 股票期权:(stock option) 团体或群体奖励计划:(team or group incentive plans) 组织绩效奖励计划:(organization-wide incentive plans) 利润分享计划:(profit -sharing plans)收益分享计划:(gainsharing plan) 收入风险型薪酬计划:(earnings-at-risk pay plans) 员工持股计划:(employee stock owership plan) 广泛股票期权计划:(broad-based stock option plans)13.福利与服务福利:(benefits) 失业保险:(unemployment insurance) 补充性薪酬型福利:(supple-mental pay benefits) 病假:(sick leave) 遣散费:(severance pay) 补充性失业福利:(supplemental unemployment benefits) 工伤保险:(worker 's compensation) 健康维护组织:(health maintenance organization) 自选医疗服务组织:(preferred provider organization) 团体人寿保险:(group life insurance) 社会保障:(social security) 养老金计划:(pension plans) 固定收益制计划:(defined benefit plans) 固定缴费制计划:(defined contribution plans) 可转移性:(portability) 储蓄节约计划:(savings and thrift plan) 延期利润分享计划:(deferred profit -sharing plan) 员工持股计划:(employee stock ownership plan) 现金金额养老金计划:(cash balance plans) 养老金担保公司:(pension benefits guarantee corporation) 提前退休窗口:(early-retirement window) 员工援助计划:(employee assistance program) 弹性福利计划:(flexible benefits plan)自助餐式福利计划:(cafeteria benefits plan) 弹性工作时间:(flextime)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek) 职位分享:(job sharing) 工作分享:(work sharing)14.伦理道德、员工关系管理伦理道德:(ethics)程序公平:(procedural justice) 分配公平:(distributive justice) 社会责任:(social responsibility) 网络欺凌:(cyberbullying) 组织文化:(organizational culture) 非惩罚性惩戒:(ninpunitive discipline) 解雇:(dismissal)员工关系:(employee relations) 建议团队:(suggestion teams) 问题解决团队:(problem-solving teams) 质量圈:(quality circle) 自我管理:(self-managing)15.劳资关系与集体谈判封闭型企业:(closed shop) 工会制企业:(union shop) 工会代理制企业:(agency shop) 工会会员优先企业:(preferential shop) 会员资格保持型企业:(maintenance of membership arrangement) 工作权利:(right to work)工会渗透:(union salting) 授权卡:(authorization cards) 谈判单位:(bargaining unit) 代表取消:(decertification) 集体谈判:(collective bargaining) 有诚意谈判:(good faith bargaining) 自愿性谈判主题:(voluntary or permissible bargaining items) 非法谈判主题:(illegal bargaining items) 强制性谈判主题:(mandatory bargaining items) 僵持:(impasses) 调解:(mediation) 实情调查员:(factfinder) 仲裁:(arbitration)利益仲裁:(interest arbitration) 权利仲裁:(rights arbitration) 经济罢工:(economic strike) 同情罢工:(sympathy strike) 野猫罢工:(wildcat strike) 反不当劳资关系行为罢工:(unfair labor practice strikes) 设置纠察:(picketing) 联合施压运动:(corporate campaign)联合抵制:(boycott) 内部游戏:(inside games) 闭厂:(lockout) 禁令:(injunction) 争议处理程序:(grievance procedure)16.员工安全与健康职业病:(occupational illness)传讯:(citation) 不安全工作条件:(unsafe conditions) 工作伤害分析:(job hazard ananlysis) 运行安全审查:(operational safety reviews) 行为安全教育:(behavior-based safety) 安全意识项目:(safety awareness) 工作倦怠:(burnout) 自然安全:(natural security) 机械安全:(mechanical security) 组织安全:(organizational security)17.全球化人力资源管理国际人力资源管理:(international human resource management) 工人理事会:(works councils) 外派员工:(expatriates) 母国公民:(home-country nations)第三国公民:(third -country nations) 虚拟团队:(virtual team) 民族中心主义:(ethnocentric) 多国中心主义:(polycentric) 全球中心主义:(geocentric) 适应性甄选:(adaptability scerrning) 国外服务补贴:(foreign service premium) 艰苦补贴:(hardship allowances) 迁移补贴:(mobility premiums)。
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译
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市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译在市场营销专业中,以下是一些常见的术语及其中英文对照翻译:
1. 市场营销 - Marketing
2. 目标市场 - Target Market
3. 市场细分 - Market Segmentation
4. 品牌定位 - Brand Positioning
5. 市场调研 - Market Research
6. 市场份额 - Market Share
7. 市场营销策略 - Marketing Strategy
8. 市场营销环境 - Marketing Environment
9. 市场营销 mix - Marketing Mix
10. 产品定价 - Product Pricing
11. 市场营销推广 - Marketing Promotion
12. 市场营销计划 - Marketing Plan
13. 渠道管理 - Channel Management
14. 品牌价值 - Brand Value
15. 竞争分析 - Competitive Analysis
16. 销售预测 - Sales Forecasting
17. 市场营销活动 - Marketing Campaign
18. 市场营销目标 - Marketing Objectives
19. 市场份额增长 - Market Share Growth
20. 市场定位 - Market Positioning
这些术语可以帮助您理解和沟通市场营销的概念和策略。
请注意,有时候术语的翻译可能存在一定的灵活性,具体使用时需要结合实际情境和语境进行理解。
暖通专业常用术语中英文对照
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间歇采暖
intermittent heating
7
值班采暖
standby heating
8
热水采暖
hot water heating
9
高温热水采暖
highttemperature water heating;high-pressure hot water heating
10
蒸汽采暖
steam heating
1.3 采暖系统
1
采暖系统
heating system
2
热水采暖系统
hot water heating system
3
蒸汽采暖系统
steam heating system
4
真空采暖系统
vacuum heating system;vacuum return-line heating system
5
蒸汽喷射热水采暖系统
29
朝向修正率
correction factor for orientation
30
风力附加率
additional factor for wind force
31
外门附加率
additional factor for exterior door
32
高度附加率
additional factor for room height
热媒参数
heating medium parameter
34
供水温回水温度
returnwater temperature
36
供回水温度
temperature difference between supply and returnwater
管理学专业术语(中英文对照)
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1.管理与组织导论管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-line managers)中层管理者:(middle managers)高层管理者:(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)计划:(planning)组织:(organizing)领导:(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(management roles)人际关系角色:(interpersonal roles)信息传递角色:(informational roles)决策制定角色:(descisional roles)技术技能:(technical skills)人际技能:(human skills)概念技能:(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性:(universality of management)2.管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化:(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理:(scientific management)一般行政管理理论:(general administrative theory) 管理原则:(principles of management)官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantitative approach)组织行为:(organizational behavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthorne studies systems)封闭系统:(closed systems)开放系统:(open systems)权变理论:(contingency approach)劳动力多元化:(workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learning organization)知识管理:(knowledge management)质量管理:(quality management)3.组织文化与环境管理万能论:(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论:(symbolil view of management) 组织文化:(organization culture)强文化:(strong cultures)社会化:(socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplace spirituality)外部环境:(external environment)具体环境:(specific environment)一般环境:(general environment)环境的不确定性:(environment uncertainty)环境的复杂性:(environment complexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)4.全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论:(geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global company)跨国或无边界组织:(transnational or boredrless organization) 初始全球化组织:(born globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营:(franchising)战略同盟:(strategic alliance)合资企业:(joint venture)外国子公司:(foreign subsidiary)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)民族文化:(national culture)5.社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classical view)社会经济学观点:(socioeconomic view)社会义务:(social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任:(social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化:(gerrning of management)以价值观为基础的管理:(values-based management) 道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(ego strength locus of control)道德准则:(code of ethics)社会企业家:(social entrepreneur)社会影响管理:(social impact management)6.制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-making process)决策标准问题:(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(bounded rationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfied escalation of commitment) 直觉决策:(intuitive decision making)结构良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策:(programmed decision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策:(policy)结构不良问题:(unstructured problems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammed decisions) 确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directive style)分析型风格:(analytic style)概念型风格:(conceptual style)行为型风格:(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7.计划的基础陈述目标:(stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略计划:(strategic plans)运营计划:(operational plans)长期计划:(long-term plans)短期计划:(short-term plans)具体计划:(specific plans)方向性计划:(directional plans)一次性计划:(single-used plans)持续性计划:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain)目标管理:(management by objectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念:(commitment concept)正式计划部门:(formal planning department) 8.战略管理战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式:(strategies business model ) 战略管理过程:(strategic management process) 机会:(opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(core competencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略:(corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth strategy)相关多元化:(related diversification)非相关多元化:(unrelated diversification)稳定性战略:(stability strategy)更新战略:(renewal strategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchment strategy)扭转战略:(turnaround strategy)BCG矩阵:(BCG matrix)业务层战略:(business strategy)战略业务单元:(strategic business units) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage)成本领先战略:(cost leadership strategy) 遵循差异化战略:(differentiation strategy) 聚焦战略:(focus strategy)徘徊其间:(stuck in the middle)战略灵活性:(strategic flexibility)市场先入者:(first mover)9.计划的工具技术环境扫描:(environment scanning)竞争对手情报:(competitor intelligence) 预测:(forecasts)定量预测:(quantitative forecasting)定性预测:(qualitative forecasting)标杆比较:(benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load chart)事件:(events)计划评审技术:(the program evaluation and review technique) 活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径:(critical path)盈亏平衡分析:(breakeven analysis)线性规划:(linear programming)项目管理:(project management)脚本:(scenario)10.组织结构与设计组织结构设计:(organazational structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化:(functional departmentalization)产品部门化:(product departmentalization)地区部门化:(geographical departmentalization)过程部门化:(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functional teams)指挥链:(chain of command)职权:(authority)职责:(responsibility)统一指挥:(unity of command)管理跨度:(span of control)集权化:(centralization)分权化:(decentralization)员工授权:(employee empowerment)正规化:(formalization)机械式组织:(mechanistic organization) 有机式组织:(organic organization)单件生产:(unit production)大批量生产:(mass production)连续生产:(process production)简单结构:(simple structure)职能型结构:(flanctional structure)事业部型结构:(divisional structure)团队结构:(team structure)矩阵型结构:(matrix structure)项目型结构:(project structure)无边界组织:(boundaryless organization) 虚拟组织:(virtual organization)学习型组织:(learning organization)组织结构图:(organizational charts)11.沟通与信息技术沟通:(communication)人际沟通:(interpersonal communication) 组织沟通:(organizational communication) 信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(decoding)沟通过程:(communication process)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbal communication) 体态语言:(body language)语调:(verbal intonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载:(information overload)积极倾听:(active listening)正式沟通:(formal communication)非正式沟通:(informal communication) 下行沟通:(upward communication)横向沟通:(lateral communication)斜向沟通:(diagonal communication)沟通网络:( communication networks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子邮件:()即时消息:(instant messaging)音频邮件:(voic)电子数据交换:(electrinic data interchange)电话会议:(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区:(communities practive)12.人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理过程:(human resource management process) 工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动计划:(affirmative action)人力资源规划:(human resource planning)职务分析:(job analysis)职务说明书:(job description)职务规范:(job specification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽样:(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统:(performance management system)书面描述法:(written essay)关键事件法:(critical incidents)评分表法:(graphic rating scales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorally anchored rating scales) 多人比较法:(multiperson comparisons)360度反馈法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬:(skill-based pay)浮动工资:(variable pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendly benefits)13.变革与创新管理组织变革:(organizational change)变革推动者:(change agent)组织发展:(organizational development)压力:(stress)14.行为的基础行为:(behavior)组织行为学:(organizational behavior)员工生产率:(employee productivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizational citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes) 认知行为:(cognitive component)情感成分:(affective component)行为成分:(behavior component)组织承诺:(organizational commitment)组织支持感:(perceived organizational support)认知失调:(cognitive dissonance)态度调查:(attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotional Intelligence)知觉:(perception)归因理论:(attribution theory)基本归因错误:(fundamental attribution error) 自我服务偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性:(assumed similarity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(operant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造:(shaping behavior)15.理解群体与团队群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)规范阶段:(norming)执行阶段:(performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(social loafing)群体内聚力:(group cohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际关系观点:(human relations view of conflict) 冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionist view of conflict) 积极冲突:(functional conflict)消极冲突:(disfunctional conflict)任务冲突:(task conflict)关系冲突:(relationship conflict)过程冲突:(process conflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队:(cross-functional team)虚拟团队:(virtual team)社会网络构造:(social network structure)16.激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchy of needs theory) 双因素理论:(two-factor theory)保健因素:(hygiene factors)激励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要:(need for achievement)权力需要:(need for power)归属需要:(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论:(reinforcement theory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化:(job enlargement)工作丰富化:(job enrichment)工作深度:(job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model) 公平理论:(equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributive justice)程序公平:(procedural justice)期望理论:(expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)弹性工作制:(flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公:(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs) 绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performance program) 股票期权:(stock options)17.领导领导者:(leader)领导:(leadership)行为理论:(behavioral theories)独裁型风格:(authoeratic style)民主型风格:(democratic style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度:(initiating strueture)关怀维度:(consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-high leader)管理方格:(managerial grid)权变模型:(contingency model)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire) 情境领导理论:(situational leadership theory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者:(transactional leaders)变革型领导者:(transformational leaders)领袖魅力型领导者:(charismatic leader)愿景规划型领导:(visionary leadership)法定权利:(legitimate power)强制权利:(coercive power)奖赏权力:(reward power)专家权利:(expert power)参照权利:(referent power)信誉:(credibility)信任:(trust)授权:(empowerment)18.控制的基础控制:(controlling)市场控制:(market control)官僚控制:(bureaucratic control)小集团控制:(clan control)控制过程:(control process)偏差范围:(range of variation)直接纠正行动:(immediate corrective)彻底纠正行动:(basic correvtive action)绩效:(performance)组织绩效:(organizational performance)生产率:(productivity)组织有效性:(organizational effectiveness)前馈控制:(feedforward control)同期控制:(concurrent control)走动管理:(management by walking around)反馈控制:(feedback control)经济附加值:(economic value added)市场附加值:(market valueadded)平衡计分卡:(balanced scorecard)管理信息系统:(management information system)- - -标杆比较:(benchmarking)员工偷窃:(employee theft)服务利润链:(service profit chain)公司治理:(corporate governance)19.运营与价值链管理运营管理:(operations management)制造型组织:(manufacturing organizations)服务型组织:(service organizations)价值链:(value chain)价值链管理:(value chain management)组织过程:(organizational processes)知识产权:(intellectual processes)质量:(quality)批量定制:(mass customization)- - 总结资料。
项目管理专业术语中英文对照表
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项目管理专业术语中英文对照表验收- (Acceptance)指客户检查接受项目交付物的进程。
活动- (Activity)指在项目中的任何消耗资源(人力、物理和设施)、产生相应本钱而且生产出一项或多项产品的进程。
活动通常会在项目工作分解结构(WBS)中明确展示。
现货- (Actuals)指项目或其他活动中的实际本钱和消耗。
这是一个测量值,通常会被用来与计划或预期值做比较。
假设- (Assumption)预先接受为正确但缺乏证据的事物或概念。
假设通常会发生在项目计划阶段而且被用来作为估算的基础。
应当将所有的假设都记录下来;若是某假设在后期被证明不正确,可以对计划和估算做出相应地调整。
基线- (Baseline)基线是一个快照:一个被记录在案的项目所处位置或状态。
虽然项目所处的位置以后可能会被更新,但基线始终维持不变,并可被作为原始状态的参照与当前项目位置的对照。
基线产品,例如软件系统,应当被永久地记录在案,以便于在未来的任何时间召回。
预算- (Budget)经分派的、用于执行项目工作的款额及其他资源。
商业论证- (Business Case)指启动和继续一个项目的原因和依据。
商业论证应当概念出项目可产生的商业及其他收益,和项目的本钱和时长。
商业论证同时还指出如何衡量项目的成功商业需求- (Business Requirements)指的是利益相关者对完成项目的商业要求。
在项目起始阶段,商业需求处于较高品级,但随着项目的发展,这些需求被不断地提炼并最终被细致地记录在正式的文件中。
变更控制- (Change Control)指依照计划的范围、工期和预算来管理控制变更。
在小型项目中变更控制可能采用非书面的、非正式的方式,可是在大型项目中,变更控制意味着一个牵涉很多项目利益相关者的、正式的进程(变更控制委员会)变更控制委员会- (Change Control Board (CCB))由利益相关者组成的集体,负责批准或否决对项目基线的变更。
经济学专业术语(中英文对照)
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经济学专业术语(中英文对照)目录1. 经济学原理 (2)2. 像经济学家一样思考 (2)3. 相互依存性与贸易的好处 (3)4. 供给与需求的市场力量 (3)5. 弹性及其应用 (4)6. 供给需求与政策 (4)7. 消费者、生产者与市场效率 (4)8. 赋税的应用 (4)9. 国际贸易 (5)10. 外部性 (5)11. 公共物品和公共资源 (5)12. 税制设计 (5)13. 生产成本 (6)14. 竞争市场上的企业 (7)15. 垄断 (7)16. 垄断竞争 (7)17. 寡头 (7)18. 生产要素市场 (8)19. 收入与歧视 (8)20. 收入不平等与贫困 (8)21. 消费者选择理论 (9)22. 微观经济学前沿 (9)23. 一国收入的衡量 (10)24. 生活费用的衡量 (10)25. 生产与增长 (10)26. 储蓄、投资和金融体系 (11)27. 金融学的基本工具 (11)28. 失业 (12)29. 货币制度 (12)30. 货币增长与通货膨胀 (13)31. 开放经济的宏观经济学 (14)32. 开放经济的宏观经济理论 (14)33. 总需求与总供给 (14)34. 货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响 (15)35. 通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍 (15)1.经济学原理经济:(economy)稀缺性:(scarcity)经济学:(economics)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)机会成本:(opporyunity cost)理性人:(rational people)边际变动:(marginal change)边际收益:(marginal benefit)边际成本:(marginal cost)激励:(incentive)市场经济:(market economy)产权:(property rights)市场失灵:(market failure)外部性:(externality)市场势力:(market power)生产率:(productivity)通货膨胀:(inflation)经济周期:(business cycle)2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram)生产可能性边界:(production possibilities)微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)实证表述:(positive statements)规范表述:(normative statements)有序数对:(ordered pair)3.相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:(absolute advantage)机会成本:(apportunity cost)比较优势:(comparative advantage)进口品:(imports)出口品:(exports)4.供给与需求的市场力量市场:(market)竞争市场:(competitive market)需求量:(quantity demand)需求定理:(law of demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求曲线:(demand curve)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitutes)互补品:(complements)供给量:(quantity supplied)供给定理:(law of supply)供给表:(supply schedule)供给曲线:(supply curve)均衡:(equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)过剩:(surplus)短缺:(shortage)供求定理:(law of supply and demand)5.弹性及其应用弹性:(elasticity)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)总收益:(total revenue)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity)需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-price elasticity)供给价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)6.供给需求与政策价格上限:(price ceiling)价格下限:(price floor)税收归宿:(tax incidence)7.消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:(welfare economics)支付意愿:(willingness to pay)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)成本:(cost)生产者剩余:(producer surplus)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)8.赋税的应用无谓损失:(deadweight loss)9.国际贸易世界价格:(world price)关税:(tariff)10.外部性外部性:(externality)外部性内在化:(internalizing the externality)矫正税:(corrective taxes)科斯定理:(coase theorem)交易成本:(transaction cost)11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:(excludability)消费中的竞争性:(rivalry in consumption)私人物品:(private goods)公共物品:(public goods)公共资源:(common resources)俱乐部物品:(club goods)搭便车者:(free rider)成本-收益分析:(cost-benefit analysis)公地悲剧:(tragedy of commons)12.税制设计纳税义务:(tax lianility)预算赤字:(budget defict)预算盈余:(budget surplus)平均税率:(average tax rate)边际税率:(marginal tax rate)定额税:(lump-sum tax)受益原则:(benefits principle)支付能力原则:(ability-to-pay principle)纵向平等:(vertical equity)横向平等:(horizontal equity)比例税:(proportional tax)累退税:(regressive tax)累进税:(progressive tax)13.生产成本总收益:(total revenue)总成本:(total cost)利润:(profit)显性成本:(explicit costs)隐性成本:(implicit costs)经济利润:(economic profit)会计利润:(counting profit)生产函数:(production function)边际产量:(marginal product)边际产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)固定成本:(fixed costs)可变成本:(variable costs)平均总成本:(average total cost)平均固定成本:(average fixed costs)平均可变成本:(average variable costs)边际成本:(marginal cost)有效规模:(efficient scale)规模经济:(economies of scale)规模不经济:(diseconomies of scale)规模收益不变:(constant returns to scale) 14.竞争市场上的企业竞争市场:(competitive market)平均收益:(average revenue)边际收益:(marginal revenue)沉没成本:(sunk revenue)15.垄断垄断企业:(monopoly)自然垄断:(natural monopoly)价格歧视:(price discrimination)16.垄断竞争寡头:(oligopoly)垄断竞争:(monopolistic competition) 17.寡头博弈论:(game theory)勾结:(collusion)卡特尔:(cartel)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)囚徒困境:(prisoners’ dilemma)占优策略:(dominant strategy)18.生产要素市场生产要素:(factors of production)生产函数:(production function)劳动的边际产量:(marginal product of labor)边际产量递减:(diminishing marginal product)边际产量值:(value of the marginal product)资本:(capital)19.收入与歧视补偿性工资差别:(compensating differential)人力资本:(human capital)工会:(union)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(efficiency)歧视:(discrimination)20.收入不平等与贫困贫困率:(poverty rate)贫困率:(poverty line)实物转移支付:(in-kind transfers)生命周期:(life cycle)持久收入:(permanent income)功利主义:(utilitariansm)效用:(utilitariansm)自由主义:(liberalism)最大最小准则:(maximin criterion)负所得税:(negative income tax)福利:(welfare)社会保险:(social insurance)自由至上主义:(libertarianism)21.消费者选择理论预算约束线:(budget constraint)无差异曲线:(indiffernnce curve)边际替代率:(marginal rate of subtitution)完全替代品:(perfect substitudes)完全互补品:(perfect complements)正常物品:(normal good)低档物品:(inferior good)收入效应:(income effect)替代效应:(substitution effect)吉芬物品:(Giffen good)22.微观经济学前沿道德风险:(moral hazard)代理人:(agent)委托人:(principal)逆向选择:(adverse selection)发信号:(signaling)筛选:(screening)政治经济学:(political economy)康多塞悖论:(condorcet paradox)阿罗不可能性定理:(Arrow’s impossibility)中值选民定理:(median vater theorem)行为经济学:(behavioral economics)23.一国收入的衡量微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)国内生产总值:(gross domestic product,GDP)消费:(consumption)投资:(investment)政府购买:(government purchase)净出口:(net export)名义GDP:(nominal GDP)真实GDP:(real GDP)GDP平减指数:(GDP deflator)24.生活费用的衡量消费物价指数:(consumer price index,CPI)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)生产物价指数:(produer price index,PPI)指数化:(indexation)生活费用津贴:(cost-of-living allowance,COLA)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)25.生产与增长生产率:(productivity)物质资本:(physical capital)人力资本:(human capital)自然资源:(natural resources)技术知识:(technological knoeledge)收益递减:(diminishing returns)追赶效应:(catch-up effect)26.储蓄、投资和金融体系金融体系:(financial system)金融市场:(financial markets)债券:(bond)股票:(stock)金融中介机构:(financial intermediaries)共同基金:(mutual fund)国民储蓄:(national saving)私人储蓄:(private saving)公共储蓄:(public saving)预算盈余:(budget surplus)预算赤字:(budget deficit)可贷资金市场:(market for loanable funds)挤出:(crowding out)27.金融学的基本工具金融学:(finance)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)复利:(compounding)风险厌恶:(risk aversion)多元化:(diversification)企业特有风险:(firm-specific risk)市场风险:(market risk)基本面风险:(fundamental analysis)有效市场假说:(efficient markets by pothesis)信息有效:(informational efficiency)随机游走:(random walk)28.失业劳动力:(laborforce)失业率:(unemployment rate)劳动力参与率:(labor-force participation rate)自然失业率:(natural rate of unemployment)周期性失业:(cyclical unemployment)失去信心的工人:(discouraged workers)摩擦性失业:(frictional unemployment)结构性失业:(structural unemployment)寻找工作:(job search)失业保险:(unemployment insurance)工会:(union)集体谈判:(collective bargaining)罢工:(strike)效率工资:(essiciency wages)29.货币制度货币:(money)交换媒介:(medium of exchange)计价单位:(unit of account)价值储藏手段:(store of value)流动性:(liquidity)商品货币:(commodity money)法定货币:(fiat money)通货:(currency)活期存款:(demand deposits)联邦储备局:(Federal Reserve)中央银行:(central bank)货币供给:(money supply)货币政策:(monetary policy)准备金:(reserves)部分准备金银行:(fractional-reserve banking)准备金率:(reserve ratio)货币乘数:(money multiplier)银行资本:(bank capital)杠杆:(leverage)杠杆率:(leverage ratio)资本需要量:(capital requirement)公开市场操作:(open-market operations)贴现率:(discount rate)法定准备金:(reserve requirements)补充金融计划:(supplementary financing program)联邦基金利率:(federal funds rate)30.货币增长与通货膨胀铲除通胀:(whip Inflation Now)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)名义变量:(nominal variables)真实变量:(real variables)古典二分法:(classiacl dichotomy)货币中性:(monetary neutrality)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)数量方程式:(quantity equation)通货膨胀税:(inflation tax)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)皮鞋成本:(shoeleather cost)菜单成本:(menu costs)31.开放经济的宏观经济学封闭经济:(closed economy)开放经济:(open economy)出口:(exports)净出口:(net exports)贸易余额:(trade balance)贸易盈余:(trade surplus)贸易平衡:(balanced trade)贸易赤字:(trade deficit)资本净流出:(net capital outflow)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)升值:(appreciation)贬值:(depreciation)真实汇率:(real exchange rate)购买力平价:(purchasing-power parity)32.开放经济的宏观经济理论贸易政策:(trade policy)资本外逃:(capital flight)33.总需求与总供给衰退:(recession)萧条:(depression)总需求与总供给模型:(model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply)总需求曲线:(aggregate-demand curve)总供给曲线:(aggregate-supply curve)自然产出水平:(natural level of output)滞胀:(stagflation)34.货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响流动性偏好理论:(theory of liquidity)财政政策:(fisical policy)乘数效应:(multiplier effect)挤出效应:(crowding-out effect)自动稳定器:(automatic stabilizers)35.通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍菲利普斯曲线:(phillips curve)自然率假说:(natural-rate hypothesis)供给冲击:(supply shock)牺牲率:(sacrifice ratio)理性预期:(rational expectations)。
常用的制图专业术语-中英文
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常用的制图专业术语,中、英文对照 A-LAA/C across corners 对角距A/F across flats 对边距above stuffing上填料accumulation of energy储能accumulation积聚性acme thread梯形(爱克姆)螺纹across corner 对角距across flat 对边距actual size实际尺寸acute angle 锐角addendum 齿顶高addendum circle 齿顶圆admiralty metal含锡黄铜affiliation从属性(关系)ageing treatment时效处理AL aluminum 铝aligned sectional view旋转剖视图allowance容差、加工余量analytical method of line and plane线面分析法analytical method of shape形体分析法analyzable assembly分析装配图ANG angle 角angle bar or L-bar (beam)角钢angle between axonometric axes轴间角angular dimension 角度尺寸angular gear人字齿轮angular section斜剖面angularity倾斜度anneal退火anti-clockwise逆时针方向的arrow or arrowheads 箭头asbestos packing石棉填料ASM assembly 装配(图)、部件assembly drawing number装配图图号assembly drawings装配(组装)图assembly for installation安装图assembly parts装配组合零件assembly sketches装配草图auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary plane辅助平面auxiliary sectional view斜(辅助)剖视图 aligned and developed展开视图AVG average 平均axial coefficients of foreshortening轴向变形系数axis line 轴线axis of rotation转轴axis轴线axonometric axes轴测轴axonometric drawing轴测图axonometric projection轴测投影BBAB Babbitt 巴氏(轴承)合金back (rear) view后(背)视图bar杆base line 基准线base parts机座base plane底平面basic deviation基本偏差basic hole基准孔basic shaft基准轴basic size基本尺寸BB ball bearing 滚动轴承bearing cover轴承盖bearing set轴承座 bearing轴承bell metal青铜(锡铜)合金belt wheel带轮bevel gear斜齿轮BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值bisector 平分线blade spring板簧blind hole 盲孔(不通的孔)blind hole盲孔blind threaded hole螺纹盲孔blunt angle 钝角body of revolution回转体bolt joint螺栓连接bolt螺栓border 图框border line 图框线boring machine or boring镗床boring镗孔boss club凸台bottom shell 下轴瓦box箱体brazing metal铜锌合金bright washer平垫圈Brinell hardness布氏(HB)硬度broacher拉床、绞孔机broaching拉床、扩孔机broach拉光broken line 断裂线broken view (local view)局部视图BRS brass 黄铜BRZ bronze 青铜burnish or polishing磨光butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress (screw) thread锯齿形(枪膛)螺纹caliper卡尺(钳)cap screw带帽螺钉(栓)capital letters 大写字母carburizing (carbon infiltration)渗碳case hardened硬化、表面淬火casting defect铸件缺陷casting processes铸造工艺casting铸造、铸件castle nut内六角圆螺母cavity空腔(穴)CBORE counterbore 沉孔、埋头孔center to center distance 中心距centerline (central line) 中心线center-to-center spacing中心距central projection中心投影CH HD cheese head 开槽圆柱头CHAM chamfer 倒角chamfer倒角channel bar槽钢characteristics of projection 投影特性CHD checked (by) (由) …校对check drawings校(核)图cheese head圆柱头Chinese characters 汉字chrome plating镀铬CI cast iron 铸铁CIR circular 圆的circular arc 圆弧、弧circular pitch 齿距circular pitch周节circular runout圆跳动CL or centerline 中心线clamping夹紧clearance fit间隙配合clockwise顺时针方向的CM centimeter 厘米coarse pitch thread粗牙普通螺纹coarse wheel粗砂轮加工coating涂覆coincidence (revolved) section重合断面coincident point重影(合)点color-hardening着色硬化、发蓝、发黑combination solids组合体commom tangent公切线common axis公共轴线common point 共有点compass 圆规component构件compound sectional view复合剖视图concave millstone凹面磨盘concentric circle同心圆concentricity and coaxiality同轴(心)度conic (miter) gear圆锥(伞)齿轮connecting bar连杆construction line 作图线contact surfaces接触表面continuous straight thin line with zig zags 折线continuous thick line 粗实线continuous thin irregular line 波浪线continuous thin line 细实线contour arithmetic mean deviation轮廓算术平均偏差contour element外形素线conventional breaks折断规定画法conventional representation规定画法converge聚为一点convex millstone凸面磨盘coordinate axis坐标轴COP copper 铜copper plating镀铜corrosion腐蚀cotter (split) pin 开口(尾)销counterbore hole 阶梯沉孔、埋头孔counterboring tool 平底扩孔钻counter-drill 阶梯钻countersunk hole锥形沉孔、埋头孔coupling or union连轴器covering external thread套扣CP circular pitch 周节crank摇把cross rib十字肋cross section shape横断面形状crossing line交叉线crossing point交叉点CRS (C to C) centers 中心距CSK countersunk 锥孔、埋头孔CU cubic 立方的CU FT cubic foot 立方英尺CU IN cubic inch 立方英寸CU YD cubic yard 立方码cube立方体cuboid长方体cup packing皮碗密封curve template 曲线板curved line of intersection曲交线curved slot 曲线槽cutting plane symbol剖切平面符号cutting plane剖切平面cut断面图cycloidal gear摆线齿轮CYL cylinder (cylindrical) 圆柱、圆柱体的cylindricity圆柱度Ddashed thin lines 虚线datum feature基准要素datum line基准线datum plane基准面datum point基准点datum symbo基准代号 ldeburring去毛刺dedendum circle 齿根圆dedendum 齿根高DEG or ? degree 度delineator制图者descriptive geometry 画法几何descriptive geometry solution 图解法design datum设计基准DET DWG detail drawing 零件图detail drawing零件图detailing (an assembly drawing) (由装配图)拆画零件图deviation尺寸偏差(偏差)DIA or φ diameter 直径DIAG diagonal 对角线(的)diagonal line 对角线diagram assembly drawing装配工作图diagrammatic drawing示意图diameter 直径diamond knurling网纹滚花dimension 尺码dimension figure 尺寸数字dimension form 尺寸格式dimension line 尺寸线dimension text 尺寸数值dimension tolerance尺寸公差dimetric drawing正二轴测图dividers 分规dome圆顶状double-start thread双线螺纹dowel pin 圆柱销draft or draught起模斜度drafting paper 绘图纸drafting tape 胶带纸drawing board 图板drawing number图号DRG drawing 制图、图样drilling钻孔drive gear主动齿轮driven gear从动齿轮driven shaft从动轴DRN drawn (by) (由) …绘图ductile cast iron球墨铸铁dynamometry测力Eedge line棱线effective diameters弹簧中径effective length有效长度EI or ei 来自法文ecart inferieur 下偏差代号elbow肘形弯管(头)element circle素线圆element symbol基本符号elementary unit基本体ellipse椭圆elongated hole延长孔、拉伸孔end cover端盖end face端面end point端点engineering requirements技术要求enlarged partial view局部放大图enlargement scale 放大比例EQUI SP or EQS equally spaced 均布erasing shield 擦图片ES or es 来自法文ecart superieur 上偏差代号EXT external 外部的extension line 尺寸界线external (male) thread外(阳)螺纹external diameter弹簧外径external dimension外形尺寸external tangency 外切external thread lathing车外螺纹external view外形视图extreme position of moveable part 活动极限位置extruding挤压FFAB fabricate 制造、装配faucet旋塞、水龙头feed spiral送料螺旋felt ring毡圈ferrous metal黑色金属FIG. figure 附图、插图FIL fillister 凹槽file锉filing margin 装订边fill in填写fillet铸造(内)圆角fine boring精镗fine broaching精拉fine grinding精磨fine milling精铣fine pitch thread细牙普通螺纹fine planning精刨fine turning精车finish all over全部加工fissure裂纹fit symbol配合代号fit system配合制fit配合55? non sealing pipe thread 55?非密封管螺纹55? sealing pipe thread 55?密封管螺纹fixed body固定钳身flange法兰盘、凸缘flat bar扁钢flat heads平顶flat or plane平面flatness平面度follower从动(大齿)轮font 字体font cavity缩孔、铸口forging锻压fork拨叉form error形状误差forth quadrant第四象限four quadrants四个象限45? mitre line 45?斜线free hand 徒手(画)free height自由高度frontal line正平线frontal plane (or V-plane)正投影面frontal plane正平面frustum of a cone圆锥台frustum of a cone截头圆锥frustum of a pyramid棱锥台FT or ′foot 英尺full sectional view全剖视图full size 原值比例full thread全螺纹functional dimensions功能尺寸Ggasket密封垫(圈)gauge calipers卡(量)规gear box (case)齿轮箱gear train齿轮传动gear齿轮general fit class配合种类general-plane 一般位置平面general-position line一般位置直线generating circle母线圆generator (generation) line母线Geometric construction 几何作图geometrical solid几何体geometrical tolerance symbol形位公差符号geometrical tolerance形状位置公差GI galvanized iron 马口铁、镀锌铁gib-head key钩头楔键gland压盖gland密封压盖globe valve球阀good-quality carbon steel优质碳素钢grade 坡度grade A and grade B of type one hexagon nutI 型六角螺母A级和B级graduated scale 比例(分度)尺graphical representation 图示法Graphics 图学GRD grind 磨削grey cast iron灰口铸铁grinding machine磨床grinding研磨grinding磨削groove 凹槽、沟纹guard valve安全阀guide pin定位销guide screw丝杠Hhalf sectional view半剖视图half view半视图hand valve手压阀hard casting白口铁hard metal硬质合金hardened and tempered调质的harden淬火hardness number硬度值Hatching 剖面线heat-treatment热处理heavy lines 加深图线heavy metal重金属helical compression spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧helical spring螺旋弹簧helical spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical tension spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧herringbone gear人字形圆柱齿轮HEX hexagon 六角(边)形HEX HD hexagon head 六角头hex nut六角螺母hex slotted nut六角开槽螺母hexagon head 六角头hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon socket cap screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon thin nut六角薄螺母hidden edges 不可见轮廓线high-carbon steel高碳钢high-speed steel高速钢hole-basis system of fits基孔制配合horizontal (level) plane水平面horizontal line水平线horizontal projection plane (H-plane)水平投影面hot-rolled steel热轧钢HP horsepower 马力H-perpendicular line铅垂线H-perpendicular plane铅垂面HR hour 小时hub轮毂hub轮毂、中心hyperbola双曲线Ihypotenuse直角三角形之斜边(弦)I/D inside diameter 内径、内形尺寸I-beam工字钢imaginary line 假想线IN or ″ inch 英寸incenter 内(切圆)心included angle夹角inflexion拐点ingot iron低碳钢(工业纯铁)initial outline 初始轮廓线inlet side入口端inner race内圈inside diameter内径instruction book说明书instrumental drawing 用仪器画的图INT internal 内部的interchangeability互换性interference fit过盈配合internal (female) thread内(阴)螺纹internal (inside) caliper内卡尺(钳)internal diameters弹簧内径internal tangency 内切internal thread lathing车内螺纹interpenetration相贯intersecting plane截平面intersection line截交线intersection of plane surfaces平面之交线intersection of surfaces表面之交线intersection point交点Intersection相交Intuitive illustrations直观图involute gear渐开线齿轮iron铁ISO standards ISO国际标准ISO=International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织isometric drawing (diagram)正等轴测图isometric projection正等测投影isometric sectional view正等轴测剖视图Italic font 斜体Jjack千斤顶、起重器jig body夹具体junction surface结合面Kkey diagram原理草图key joint键连接key seat键座key types键的型式key way (slot)键槽key键knobbled (wrought) iron熟(锻)铁knurling 滚花knurling nut滚花螺帽Llamp plank钳口板LAT lateral 侧(横)向的lathe车床LB pound 磅lead distance导程leader line 指引线lead导程leaf spring叶(薄)片弹簧left hand-thread左旋螺纹left-hand side (end) view左(端)视图length of thread engagement螺纹旋合长度letter 字母lever arm长臂杠杆LG long .length 长度、长的LH left hand 左旋、左方向light metal轻金属limit size极限尺寸limiting deviations极限偏差limiting element转向轮廓素线LIN linear 线性的、直线的line segment 线段line styles 线型linearity直线性lines in planes线在面上L-iron角铁local (broken-out) sectional view局部剖视图location by dimension 定位尺寸location dimension尺寸定位lock nut防松螺母lock screw锁紧螺钉locking device锁紧装置LONG longitude 经度(线)long dashed dotted thin line 点画线long dashed double dotted thin line 双点画线lower-case letters 小写字母lower deviation下偏差lower limit下限(值)lubricant pump齿轮油泵。
中英文对照术语表
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---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------中英文对照术语表A Absorption costing(完全成本法)Accelerated depreciation method(加速折旧法) Account(账户) Account form (账户式) Account payable(应付账款) Account receivable (应收账款) Accounting(会计) Accounting cycle(会计循环)Accounting equation(会计恒等式) Accounting period concept (会计期间概念) Accounting system(会计系统) Accounts payable subsidiary ledger(应付账款明细分类账)(应付账款明细分类账) Accounts receivable subsidiary ledger(应收账款明细分类账)(应收账款明细分类账) Accounts receivable turnover (应收账款周转率) Accrual basis(应计制;权责发生制)Accruals(应计项目) Accrued assets(应计资产) Accrued expenses(应计费用) Accrued liabilities(应计负债) Accrued revenues(应计收入) Accumulated depreciation(累计折旧)Accumulated other comprehensive income(累计其他全面收益)(累计其他全面收益) Activity base (driver)(作业基础/动因)Activity-based costing (ABC)(作业成本计算法) Adjusted trial balance(调整后试算平衡表) Adjusting entries(调整分录)Adjusting process(调整过程)Administrative expenses (general expenses)(管理费用(一般费用))Aging the receivables(应收账款账龄分析) Allowance method(备抵法)1/ 12Amortization(摊销)Annuity(年金)Assets(资产)Available-for-sale securities(可供出售证券) Average cost method(平均成本法) Average rate of return(平均回报率) B Balance of the account(账户余额) Balance sheet(资产负债表) Balanced scorecard(平衡记分卡) Bank reconciliation (银行存款余额调节表) Bond(债券) Bond indenture(债券契约) Book value(账面价值) Book value of the asset(资产的账面价值) Boot(补价) Bottleneck(瓶颈) Break-even point (盈亏临界点) Budget(预算) Budget performance report(预算业绩报告) Budgetary slack(预算松弛) Business(企业)Business entity concept(企业主体概念) Business stakeholder (企业利益相关者) Business strategy(企业战略) Business transaction(经济业务) C Capital expenditures(资本性支出) Capital expenditures budget(资本支出预算) Capital investment analysis(资本投资分析)Capital leases(资本性租赁) Capital rationing(资本分配)Carrying amount(账面金额) Cash(现金) Cash basis(现金制;收付实现制) Cash budget(现金预算) Cash dividend(现金股利) Cash equivalents(现金等价物) Cash flows from financing activities(筹资活动现金流量)(筹资活动现金流量)Cash flows from investing activities(投资活动现金流量)(投资活动现金流量) Cash flows from operating activities(经营---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 活动现金流量)(经营活动现金流量) Cash payback period(现金回收期) Cash payments journal(现金付款日记账) Cash receipts journal(现金收款日记账) Cash short and over account (现金余缺账户) Certified public accountant (CPA)(注册会计师) Chart of accounts(会计科目表) Clearing account(清理账户) Closing entries(结账分录) Closing process(结账程序) Combination strategy(混合战略) Common stock(普通股)Common-size statement(通用报表) Component(成分;组成部分)Comprehensive income(全面收益)Consolidated financial statements(合并财务报表)(合并财务报表) Consolidation(创立合并) Continuous budgeting(滚动预算) Contra account (抵减账户) Contract rate(约定利率) Contribution margin(贡献毛益) Contribution margin ratio(贡献毛益率) Controllable expenses(可控费用)Controllable variance(可控差异)Controller(主计长)Controlling account(控制账户)Conversion costs(加工成本) Copyright(版权) Corporation (公司) Cost(成本) Cost accounting system(成本会计系统)Cost allocation(成本分配) Cost behavior(成本性态) Cost center(成本中心) Cost of goods sold(产品销售成本) Cost of goods sold budget(产品销售成本预算) Cost of merchandise sold(商品销售成本) Cost of production report(生产成本报3/ 12告) Cost per equivalent unit(单位约当产量成本) Cost price approach(成本价格法)Cost variance(成本差异)Cost-volume-profit analysis(本-量-利分析)Cost-volume-profit chart(本-量-利图) Credit memorandum (贷项通知单) Credits(贷记) Cumulative preferred stock (累积优先股) Currency exchange rate(货币汇率) Current assets(流动资产) Current liabilities(流动负债) Current ratio(流动比率) Currently attainable standards(当前可达标准) D Debit memorandum(借项通知单)Debits(借记) Decentralization(分权) Declining-balance method(余额递减法) Deferred expenses(递延费用) Deferred revenues(递延收入) Deficiency(亏损) Deficit(亏损)Defined benefit plan(固定收益计划) Defined contribution plan (固定缴款计划) Depletion(折耗) Depreciation(折旧)Depreciation expense(折旧费用) Differential analysis(差异分析) Differential cost(差异成本) Differential revenue (差异收入) Differential strategy(差异化战略) Direct labor cost(直接人工成本) Direct labor rate variance(直接人工工资率差异) Direct labor time variance(直接人工工时差异)Direct materials cost(直接材料成本) Direct materials price variance(直接材料价格差异)(直接材料价格差异) Direct materials purchases budget(直接材料采购预算)(直接材料采购---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 预算) Direct materials quantity variance(直接材料数量差异)(直接材料数量差异) Direct method(直接法) Direct write-off method(直接注销法) Discontinued operations(停止经营)Discount(贴现息;折价) Discount rate(贴现率) Dishonored note receivable(拒付应收票据) Dividend yield(股利收益率)Division(分部) Doomsday ration(终极流动比率) Double-entry accounting(复式会计) Drawing(提款) DuPont formula(杜邦公式) E Earnings per common share (EPS)(每股收益)Earnings per common share (EPS) on common stock(普通股每股收益) E-commerce(电子商务) Effective interest rate method (实际利率法)Effective rate of interest(实际利率)Electronic funds transfer (EFT)(电子资金转账) Elements of internal control(内部控制要素) Employee fraud(员工舞弊)Employee s earnings record(员工收入记录) Equity method(权益法) Equity securities(权益证券) Equivalent units of production(约当产量) Ethics(伦理) Expenses(费用)Extraordinary items(非常项目) F Factory overhead cost(制造费用) FICA tax(联邦社会保险税) Financial accounting (财务会计) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)(财务会计准则委员会) Financial statements(财务报表) Finished goods inventory(完工产品存货) Finished goods ledger(完工5/ 12产品分类账) First-in, first-out (fifo) method(先进先出法)Fiscal year(会计年度) Fixed (plant) assets(固定资产) Fixed asset impairment(固定资产减值) Fixed assets(固定资产)Fixed costs(固定成本) Flexible budget(弹性预算) FOB (free on board) destination(目的地交货) FOB (free on board) shipping point(装运地交货)(装运地交货) Free cash flow(自由现金流量) Fringe benefits(额外福利) Future value(未来价值,终值) G General journal(普通日记账) General ledger(总分类账) Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)(公认会计原则) Goal conflict(目标冲突) Goodwill (商誉) Gross pay(工资总额) Gross profit(毛利) Gross profit method(毛利法) H Held-to-maturity securities(持有至到期证券) High-low method(高低点法) Horizontal analysis (水平分析) I Ideal standards(理想标准) Income from operations (operating income) (营业利润)(营业利润) Income statement(损益表) Income summary(收益汇总) Indirect method (间接法) Inflation(通货膨胀) Initial public offering (IPO)(首次公开招股) Intangible assets(无形资产) Internal controls(内部控制) Internal rate of return method(内含回报率法) Inventory shrinkage(存货损耗) Inventory turnover (存货周转率) Investment center(投资中心) Investment turnover(投资周转率) Investments(投资) Invoice(发票)---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------J Job cost sheet(分批成本计算单) Job order cost system(分批成本计算法) Journal(日记账) Journal entry(日记账分录)Journalizing(编制分录) Just-in-time (JIT) processing(适时加工制) L Last-in, first-out (lifo) method(后进先出法)Ledger(分类账) Leverage(杠杆收益) Liabilities(负债)Limited liability corporation (LLC)(有限责任公司)(有限责任公司) Liquidation(清算) Long-term liabilities(长期负债)Low-cost strategy(低成本战略) Lower-of-cost-or-market (LCM) method(成本与市价孰低法)(成本与市价孰低法) M Management Discussion and Analysis (MDA)(管理层讨论与分析) Managerial accounting(管理会计) Manufacturing business(制造企业)Manufacturing cells(制造单元) Margin of safety(安全边际)Market price approach(市场价格法) Markup(加成) Master budget(全面预算) Matching concept(配比概念) Materiality concept(重要性概念)Materials inventory(材料存货)Materials ledger(材料分类账) Materials requisitions(领料单) Maturity value(到期值) Merchandise inventory(商品存货) Merchandising business(商业企业) Merger(吸收合并)Minority interest(少数股权)Mixed cost(混合成本)Multiple-step income statement (多步式损益表) N Natural business year(自然营业年度) Negotiated price approach(协7/ 12议价格法) Net income(净利润) Net loss(净亏损) Net pay (工资净额) Net present value method(净现值法) Net realizable value(可变现净值) Nonparticipation preferred stock(非参与优先股)(非参与优先股) Note receivable(应收票据) Number of days sales in inventory(存货销售周期)(存货销售周期) Number of days sales in receivables(应收账款周转天数)(应收账款周转天数) Number of times interest charges are earned(利息保障倍数) O Operating leases(经营性租赁)Operating leverage(经营杠杆) Opportunity cost(机会成本)Other comprehensive income(其他全面收益) Other expense(其他费用) Other income(其它收入) Outstanding stock(流通在外股票) Overapplied factory overhead(制造费用过度分配)(制造费用过度分配) Owners equity(所有者权益) P Paid-in capital(实缴资本) Par(面值) Parent company(母公司)Partnership(合伙企业) Partnership agreement(合伙契约)Patents(专利权) Payroll(工资) Payroll register(工资表)Period costs(期间成本) Periodic method(定期盘存制)Permanent differences(永久性差异) Perpetual method(永续盘存制) Petty cash fund(备用金) Physical inventory(实地盘存) Post-closing trial balance(结账后试算平衡表)Posting(过账) Predetermined factory overhead rate(预定制造费用分配率)(预定制造费用分配率) Preferred stock(优先股)---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ Premium(溢价) Prepaid expenses(预付费用) Present value (现值) Present value concept(现值概念) Present value index(现值指数) Present value of an annuity(年金现值)Price-earnings (P/E) ratio(市盈率) Price-earnings ratio (市盈率) Prior period adjustments(前期调整) Private accounting(内部会计) Proceeds(贴现净额) Process(流程;步骤)Process cost system(分步成本计算法)Process manufacturers(分步制造企业) Product cost concept(产品成本概念) Product costs(产品成本) Production budget(生产预算) Profit center(利润中心) Profit margin(销售利润率)Profitability(获利能力) Profit-volume chart(利润-产量图)Promissory note(承兑票据) Property, plant, and equipment (财产、厂房和设备)(财产、厂房和设备) Proprietorship(独资企业) Public accounting(公共会计) Purchase method(购买法) Purchase return or allowance(购货退回或折让) Purchases discounts(购货折扣) Purchases journal(采购日记账) Q Quick assets(速动资产) Quick ratio(速动比率) R Rate earned on common stockholders equity(普通股股东权益收益率) Rate earned on stockholders equity(股东权益收益率)(股东权益收益率) Rate earned on total assets(总资产收益率) Rate of return on investment (ROI)(投资回报率)(投资回报率) Ratio of fixed9/ 12assets to long-term liabilities(固定资产对长期负债比率)(固定资产对长期负债比率) Ratio of liabilities to stockholders equity(负债对股东权益比率)(负债对股东权益比率) Real accounts(实账户) Realization(变现) Receivables(应收款项) Receiving report(收货单) Relevant range(相关范围)Report form(报告式) Residual income(剩余收益) Residual value(残值)Responsibility accounting(责任会计)Responsibility center(责任中心)Restrictions(限制)Restructuring charge(重组费用) Retail inventory method(零售价格法) Retained earnings(留存收益) Retained earnings statement(留存收益表) Revenue expenditure(收益性支出)Revenue journal(收入日记账) Revenue recognition concept (收入确认概念) Revenues(收入) Reversing entry(转回分录) S Sales(销售收入) Sales budget(销售预算) Sales discounts(销售折扣) Sales mix(销售组合) Sales returns and allowances(销售退回与折让) Selling expenses(销售费用)Service business(服务企业) Service department charges(服务部门费用) Single-step income statement(单步式损益表)Sinking fund(偿债基金) Slide(滑位) Solvency(偿债能力)Special journals(专用日记账) Standard cost(标准成本)Standard cost systems(标准成本系统) Stated value(设定价值) Statement of cash flows(现金流量表) Statement of---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ members equity(成员权益报表) Statement of owner s equity (所有者权益表) Statement of partnership equity(合伙企业权益表)(合伙企业权益表)Statement of partnership liquidation(合伙企业清算表)(合伙企业清算表) Statement of stockholders equity(股东权益表) Static budget(固定预算)Stock(股票) Stock dividend(股票股利) Stock split(股票分割) Stockholders(股东) Stockholders equity(股东权益)Straight-line method(直线法) Subsidiary company(子公司)Sunk cost(沉没成本) T T account(T 型账户) Target costing (目标成本法) Taxable income(应税所得) Temporary (nominal) accounts(临时性(虚)账户)(临时性(虚)账户) Temporary differences(暂时性差异) Temporary investments(临时性投资)Theory of constraints (TOC)(限制理论) Time tickets(计工单) Time value of money concept(货币时间价值概念)(货币时间价值概念) Total cost concept(完全成本概念) Trade discounts(商业折扣) Trade-in allowance(以旧换新折让)Trademark(商标) Trading securities(交易证券) Transfer price(转移价格) Transposition(换位) Treasury stock(库藏股票) Trial balance(试算平衡) Two-column journal(两栏式日记账) U Uncollectible accounts expense(坏账费用)Underapplied factory overhead(制造费用分配不足)(制造费用分11/ 12配不足) Underwriting firms(证券包销公司) Unearned revenue (预收收入) Unearned revenues(预收收入) Unit contribution margin(单位贡献毛益) Unit of measure concept(计量单位概念) Units-of-production method(产量法) Unrealized holding gain or loss(未实现持有利得或损失) V Value chain(价值链)Variable cost concept(变动成本概念) Variable costing(变动成本计算) Variable costs(变动成本) Venture capitalist (VC)(风险投资家) Vertical analysis(垂直分析) Volume variance(产量差异) Voucher(付款凭单) Voucher system(付款凭单制度) Work in process inventory(在产品存货) Work sheet(工作底稿) Working capital(营运资本) Yield(收益率) Zero-based budgeting(零基预算)。
专用术语中英对照表
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专用术语中英对照表Abrasion Resistance 耐磨性(尤指油磨或纸张)Absorption 吸水性Achromatic Color 消色法(一种分色技巧,即将图案中的洋红、黄、青,直接转换成黑色的方法)Additive Primaries 加色法(红光+绿光+黄光形成白光)Airbrush 喷雾效果(美工制作的一种技巧)Aliasing 线条的不平滑、阶梯状效果,一般是图案的解析度不足Anilox Roll 网纹辊ANSI(American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会Anvil Rotary Die Cutting 优力胶回轧模Apple talk 苹果电脑之网络通讯协定Application 应用软体Artwork 美工制作Bar code 条码BCM(Billion Cubic microns) 网纹辊中网穴的墨含量单位1BCM=1.55cm3/m2=109 cm3/m2Biocide 防腐剂Bit 位元,电脑中最小的计量单位Bitmap 位元图像,利用位元所组成之图像或字型等Black and white photo 黑白相片Blank 纸板模切,开槽前的尺寸Bleed 出血(美工制作技巧,即制作尺寸实际需求尺寸,以利于印刷套印之误差)Blue line 蓝图(打样用蓝色图案)Boiler 锅炉Boric acid 硼酸Box Compression Test (BCT) 纸箱耐压测试Box make 瓦楞纸箱生产厂家Bridge Brake 天桥刹车(复瓦机设备之一)Brightness 亮度(指纸或油墨)Bursting Test 耐破测试Byte 位元组CAD(Computer Assisted Design)电脑辅助制作(如绘声绘色图机,电控锯切机等)Camber(Roll Crown) 中高Caustic Soda 苛性碱(氢氧化钠)CCM (Corrugated case Materials)瓦楞纸箱材质Cell of Anilox Roll 网纹辊网穴CEPS (Color Electronic prepress System)电子彩色印前系统Central Control 中央控制(终控部)Chipboard 纸管纸Choke 缩分(分色的一种技巧,将网点或线条稍许缩小,以利于叠印)。
音乐专业术语(中英文对照)
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贝司类教材常见音乐专业术语:空弦Open String调音Tune音准/音高Pitch半音Chromatic闷音Ghost Note / Muted Note切分音Syncopation绝对音感Perfect Pitch律动Groove泛音Harmonlc拾音器pick-up单线圈Sing coil双线圈Humbucker琴颈Neck琴身Body琴桥Bridge指板Fingerboard品格Fret输入插孔Input jack调音钮Tuner导线Cable节拍器Metronome鼓机Drum Machine 小节Bar拍Beat二拍子Duple三拍子Triple四拍子Quadruple 临时记号Accidental 半音Half Step全音Whole Step八度OCTAVE低音谱Bass Clef音阶Scale音程Interval八分音符8th Note四分音符Quarter Note 搥音Hammer On 勾弦Pulling Off滑弦Glissando滑音Slide颤音Vibrato琶音Arpeggio第2把位2nd Position (譬如第七把位:7nd Position) 顺阶和弦Diatonic Chord和弦内音Chord Tones和弦进行Chord Progression大调Major Keys小调Minor Keys大和弦Major Chords小和弦Minor Chords七和弦Seventh Chords属七和弦Dominant Chord根音Root三度音3rd五度音5th经过音fills决定音Determinant第一音主音Tonic第二音上主音Supertonic第三音中音Mediant第四音下属音Subdominant第五音属音Dominant第六音上中音Submediant第七音导音Leading note大调音阶Ionian Mode自然音阶Diatonic Scale自然小调音阶Natural Minor Scale大调五声音阶Major Pentatonic Scale 蓝调音阶Blues Scale器乐名称类:Accordion 手风琴Aftertouch 触后Alto 女低音Amplitude 振幅Amplitude Modulation(AM) 调幅Analogue 模拟的Anticipation 先现音Arpeggio 琶音,分解和弦Attack 起音Audio 音频Augmented 增音程,增和弦Ballade 叙事曲Band 波段,大乐队Banjo 班卓琴(美国民间乐器)Bank 音色库Baritone 男中音Barline 小节线Baroque 巴罗克Bass 贝司Bassoon 大管(巴松)Brass 铜管总称Cassette 卡座Cello 大提琴Channel 音色通道Choir 人声合唱Chord 和弦Chorus 合唱效果器Clarinet 单簧管Clef 谱号Combination 组合音色Compressor 压缩效果器Concerto 协奏曲Console 调音台Contrabass 低音提琴Ctrl 控制器Cymbal 镲,钹Decay 衰减Delay 延迟效果器Digital 数码的Diminished 减音程,减和弦Distorted 失真效果器Dolby NR 杜比降噪Dominant 属音(和弦)Dot 附点Drum 鼓Duration 音符的时值Echo 回声,反射Effector 效果器Encore 返场加演曲目English Horn 英国管Enhance 增益Envelope 包络EQ(Equalizer) 均衡器Exciter 激励器External 外置的,外部设备的Fade in 淡入Fade out 淡出Fantasia 幻想曲Filter 滤波器Flange 凸缘效果器Flat 降号French Horn 圆号(法国号)Frequency 频率Frequency Modulation(FM) 调频Fret 吉它指板Fretless Bass 无品贝司Grace Note 装饰音Grand Piano 三角钢琴Graphic 图解式的Guitar 吉它Harmonica 口琴Harmony 和声,和声学Harp 竖琴Harpsichord 古钢琴Instrument 乐器Intermezzo 间奏曲Internal 内置的,内部的Interval 音程Inversion 转位Key 调Keyboard 键盘Leading-note 导音LFO 低频震荡器Loop 循环反复Lyric 歌词Major 大调的March 进行曲Measure 小节Metronome 节拍器Minor 小调的Modulation 调制Mordent 波音Monitor 监听Mono 单声道Multiple 多重,多轨Mute 静音Nocturne 夜曲Normalize 最大化波形Note 音符Nylon 尼龙弦吉它Oboe 双簧管Octave 八度Opera 歌剧Orchestral 交响乐团Overdrive 过载效果器Overture 序曲Pad 铺垫和弦Pan 相位Pattern 模板Pedal 踏板Percussion 打击乐Phase 相位调整Phones 耳机Piccolo 短笛Pitch 音高Pitch Bend 音高的滑动(推弦)Pizz String 弦乐器拨弦Playback 回放Polyphony 复调,复音数Prelude 前奏曲Quantize 量化Quartet 四重奏(唱)Quintet 五重奏(唱)Realtime 实时的Recorder 竖笛Relative key 关系调Release 释音Renaissance 文艺复兴Reverb 混响Reverse 颠倒位置Rhapsody 狂想曲Sample 采样器Sample rate 采样率Sampler 采样器Sawtooth 锯齿波Sax 萨克斯Scale 音阶Score 谱面Serenade 小夜曲Sequencer 音序器Sharp 升号Sine 正弦波Sitar 西他(印度乐器)SMPTE 音视频同步码Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Soprano 女高音Spectrum 频谱Square 方型波Staff 五线谱Steel 钢弦吉它Stereo 立体声Strings 弦乐器Subdominant 下属音(和弦)Suspension 延留音Sustain 延音(踏板)Symphony 交响曲Synth 合成的Synthesizer 合成器Tab 吉它六线谱Tape 磁带Tempo 速度Tenor 男高音Timpani 定音鼓Tonica 主和弦Track 音轨Transpose 移调Tremolo 颤音Trembone 长号Trio 三重奏(唱)Trumpet 小号Tuba 大号Turn 调音V elocity 触键力度Vibrato 颤音,振动Viola 中提琴Violin 小提琴V oice 声部V olume 音量Wah 哇音效果器Xylophone 木琴电吉他效果器,音箱专业术语中英文对照表AMPLIFIER(AMP)放大器、扩音机、音箱CHORUS 和声效果器ANALOG DELAY类比式延时器CLEAN 清澈音CONTROL 控制BALANCINC 平衡DECAY衰减BAND 波段DELAY延时效果器BANK 组合DEPTH 深度BEA T 拍、拍子DIGITAL 数位、数位式BLEND 混合DISPLAY显示BOOST 提升DISTORTION(DIST)失真效果器BRIGHT 明亮DIRECT OUT 直接信号输出BUTTONS 按钮DRIVE 驱动、麻度ECHO 回声CANCEL 消除EDIT 编辑EFFECTORS 效果器COLOR 色彩EFFECT 效果COMPARE 比较ELEC.GUITAR 电吉他COMPRESSOR 压缩效果器EQUALIZER(EQ)等化器CHANNEL 通道FRET 吉他上面的铜条CHECK INDICA TOR 核对指示灯FEEDBACK 回馈CHORD 和絃FLANGER类似飞机声的效果器FOOT SW 脚踏开关FOOT VOLUNE 脚踏音量控制器POWER 电源、功率FREQUENCY频率POLARITY极性(指电源)GAIN 增益PULL 开关HARD 硬(指声音)PROGRAM 程式HIGH 高(指声音的高调)RA TE 比率RECALL 恢復INPUT 输入插孔RECORD 录、录音INSTRUMENT 乐器(插孔)REECHO 迴响REPEA T 反復KNOB 旋钮RESET 重置LAMP 指示灯REVERB 混响效果器LEAD 超载音RELEASER 解除、释放LIGHT 指示灯RHYTHM 节奏LEFT 左(声道)RIGHT 右(声道)SEND 发送LOW 低(指音量)SELECTOR 选择钮LONG 长(指持续音)LENSITIVITY灵敏度LINE OUT 线路输出MASTER VOL 总音量SHORT 短(指持续音)MIDDLE 中音SHARP 尖锐(指声音)NOISE GA TE 消杂讯(效果器的一种)SIGNAL 信号NUT 琴枕OVER DRIVE 温和失真(效果器的一种)SOFT 柔和(指声音)OUTPUT 输出插孔SPEED 速度PARAMETRIC EQ 参数等化器SPEAKERS 扬声器、喇叭PHASER 移相效果器TUNER 调音器PHONE 耳机PICKUP 拾音器PITCH 音準SUSTAIN 持续音(延音)TIME 时间SWITCH(SW)开关LIMITER 限幅器SYNTHESIZER 合成器TONE 音调TEMPO 拍子速度BOOSTER 提升(推)VOICE 声音TREBLE 高音VOLUME 音量VOLUME PEDAL音量踏板WAH 哇音比较全的音阶模式!大调自然音阶: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7小调自然音阶: 6 7 1 2 3 4 5大调五声音阶: 1 2 3 5 6小调五声音阶: 6 1 2 3 5和声小调音阶: 6 7 1 2 3 4 #5大佛里吉亚音阶: 1 b2 3 4 5 b6 b7 (Phrygian-Dominant)也有人把它叫做;弗拉门戈音阶!伊奥尼亚模式: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (Ionian)也就是大调自然音阶!多里安模式: 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 ( Dorian )佛里吉亚模式: 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 (Phrygian)利底亚模式: 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 (Lydian混合利底亚模式: 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 (Mixolydian)爱奥尼亚模式: 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 (Aonian)也就是小调自然音阶!洛克里亚模式: 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 (Locrian)以上自然音阶以不同的音作为开始,向下顺次排列的方式,叫做: 旋法调!减音阶: 1 2 b3 4 b5 b6 bb7(6) 7半-全减音阶: 1 b2 b3 3 b5 5 6 b7全音音阶: 1 2 3 #4 #5 #6布鲁斯音阶: 1 b3 4 b5 5 b7 ( Blues )混合布鲁斯音阶: 1 b3 3 4 b5 5 b7大利底亚音阶: 1 2 3 #4 5 6 b7 ( Lydian-Dominant )超级洛克里亚音阶: 1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 b7 (Super-Locrian)印度音阶: 1 2 3 4 5 b6 b7 (Hindu)吉普赛音阶: 1 b3 #4 5 b6 b7 (Gypsy)匈牙利音阶: 1 #2 3 #4 5 6 b7 (Hungarian)匈牙利小调音阶: 1 2 b3 #4 5 b6 7 (Hungarian Minor)旋律大调音阶: 1 2 3 4 5 b6 7 1 b7 b6 5 4 3 2 1旋律小调音阶: 6 7 1 2 3 #4 #5 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6日本音阶: 1 3 4 6 7俄罗斯音阶: 6 (b7) 7 1 2 3 4 (#4) 5 (#5)爵士小调音阶: 1 2 b3 4 5 6 7阿拉伯音阶: 1 b2 3 4 5 b6 b7拿波里大音阶: 1 b2 b3 4 5 6 7拿波里小音阶: 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 7东方音阶: 1 b2 3 4 b5 6 b7。
专业术语中英文对照
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Two-stroke cycle 二冲程循环Four-stroke cycle 四冲程循环Diesel cycle 狄塞尔循环Otto cycle 奥托循环Mixed cycle 混合循环Constant volume cycle 定容循环Constant pressure cycle 等压循环Working cycle 工作循环Ideal cycle 理想循环Thermodynamic cycle 热力循环Stroke 冲程,行程Piston stroke 活塞行程Long stroke 长行程Up stroke 上行程Down stroke 下行程Intake stroke 吸气行程Charging stroke 充气行程Compression stroke 压缩行程Working stroke 工作行程Explosion stroke 爆炸行程Expansion stroke 膨胀行程Power stroke 动力行程Exhaust stroke 排气行程Expansion-exchange stroke 膨胀-换气行程Exchange-compression stroke 换气-压缩行程Dead center 止点Top dead center 上止点Lower dead center 下止点Before top dead center 上止点前After top dead center 上止点后Before bottom dead center 下止点前After bottom dead center 下止点后Cylinder bore 缸径Bore and stroke 缸径与冲程Air-cell 空气室Cylinder clearance volume 气缸余隙容积Combustion chamber volume 燃烧室容积Maximum cylinder volume 气缸最大容积Compression chamber 压缩室Displacement (swept volume) 排气量Engine displacement 发动机排量Piston displacement 活塞排量Cylinder capacity 气缸容量Single-chamber capacity 单室容量V olumetry 容积法Compression ratio 压缩比Critical compression ratio 临界压缩比Expansion ratio 膨胀比Surface to volume ratio 面容比Stroke-bore ratio 行程-缸径比Mixture ratio 混合比Compression pressure 压缩压力Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) 制动平均有效压力Air fuel ratio 空燃比Fuel air ratio 燃空比Fuel equivalence ratio 燃料当量比Torque 扭矩Power per cylinder 单缸功率Power per liter 升功率Torque per liter 升扭矩Mass per liter 升质量Derating power 减额功率Output power 输出功率Gross power 总功率Net power 净功率Fuel consumption 燃油消耗量Specific fuel consumption 比燃料消耗量Air consumption 空气消耗量Oil consumption 机油消耗量Rated power 额定功率Brake power 制动功率Brake thermal efficiency 制动热效率Indicted thermal efficiency 指示热效率Overall efficiency 总效率Smoke limiting power 排烟极限功率Power curve 功率曲线Mechanical loss 机械损失Mechanical efficiency 机械效率Effective thermal efficiency 有效热效率V olumetric efficiency 容积效率Excess air coefficient 过量空气系数Adaptive coefficient 适应性系数Torque adaptive coefficient 扭矩适应性系数Speed adaptive coefficient 转速适应性系数Intensification coefficient 强化系数Correction factor 校正系数Conversion factor 换算系数Mean piston speed 活塞平均速度Engine speed 发动机速度Idling speed 怠速转速Economic speed 经济转速Starting speed 起动转速Lowest continuous speed with load 最低稳定工作转速Lowest idling temperature 发动机怠速转动最低温度Maximum torque speed 最大转矩转速Maximum noload governed speed 受控最高空转转速Speed governing调速Overspeed超速Idling怠速Speed fluctuation rate转速波动率Working condition (operating condition)工况Rated working condition额定工况Variable working condition变工况Steady working condition稳定工况No –load空载Full load 全负荷Over load 超负荷Part load 部分负荷Charge 充量(进气)Direction of rotation 旋转方向Clockwise 顺时针Anticlockwise 逆时针Left-hand rotation 左转Right-hand rotation 右转Major diameter 外径Pitch diameter 中径Minor diameter 内径Radial clearance 径向间隙Engine performance 发动机性能Loading performance 加载性能Starting performance 起动性能Acceleration performance 加速性能Power performance 动力性能Emission performance 排放性能No load characteristics 空转特性Partial throttle characteristics 负荷特性Governor control characteristics 调速特性Mapping characteristics 万有特性Steady-state speed governing rate 稳定调速率Working medium 工质Practical cycle 实际循环Firing order 点火次序Timing 定时Stroke-bore ratio 行程缸径比Number of cylinders 气缸数Piston area 活塞面积Connecting rod length 连杆长度Crank radius 曲柄半径Crank radius-connecting rod length ratio 曲柄连杆比Working medium volume 气缸体积Piston swept volume 气缸工作体积Effective piston swept volume 气缸有效工作体积Cylinder clearance volume 气缸余隙体积Maximum cylinder volume 气缸最大体积Effective cylinder volume 气缸有效体积Engine swept volume 发动机排量Engine cylinder volume 发动机气缸总体积Clearance 余隙高度Injector protrusion 喷嘴端伸出量Intake process 进气过程Intake temperature 进气温度Intake pressure 进气压力Natural aspiration 自然进气Stratified charge 层状充气Intake advance angle 进气提前角Intake lag angle 进气迟后角Intake duration angle 进气持续角Intake swirl 进气涡流Intake turbulence 进气紊流Helical duct intake 螺旋进气道进气Tangential duct intake 切向进气道进气Masked inlet valve intake 导流屏进气Time-area value 时面值Valve lift 气阀升程Scavenging port area 气阀开度Gas exchange process 换气过程Scavenging process 扫气过程Scavenging duration 扫气持续期Scavenging pressure 扫气压力Uniflow scavenging 直流扫气Loop scavenging 回流扫气Cross scavenging 横流扫气Crankcase scavenging 曲轴箱扫气Scavenging by blower 扫气泵扫气Piston underside pump scavenging 活塞底泵扫气Exhaust-pulse scavenging 排气脉冲扫气Coefficient of scavenging 扫气系数Trapping efficiency 扫气利用系数Scavenging efficiency 扫气效率Coefficient of scavenging loss 扫气漏失系数Delivery ratio 给气比Valve timing 配气定时Valve overlap 气阀重叠Swirl rate 涡流比Compression process 压缩过程Compression pressure 压缩压力Compression beginning pressure 压缩始点压力Compression beginning temperature 压缩始点温度Compression end pressure without combustion 压缩终点压力Compression end temperature without combustion 压缩终点温度Fuel injection starting compression pressure 喷油始点压缩压力Ignition starting compression pressure 着火始点压缩压力Ratio of pressure rise 压力升高比Effective compression ratio 有效压缩比Polytropic index of compression 压缩多变指数Compression swirl 压缩涡流Injection process 喷油过程Direct injection 直接喷射Indirect injection 间接喷射Electronic-controlled injection 电控喷射Fuel supply advance angle 供油提前角Fuel injection advance angle 喷油提前角Injection lag 喷油延迟角Injection duration 喷油持续角Nozzle hole area 喷孔面积Total area of nozzle holes 喷孔总面积Ratio of nozzle hole length-nozzle hole diameter 喷孔长径比Nozzle hole cone 喷孔锥体Nozzle hole cone angle 喷孔锥角Needle lift 针阀升程Sac volume 针阀压力室体积Retraction volume of delivery valve 出油阀卸载体积Injection pressure 喷油压力Injection starting pressure 启喷压力Injection peak pressure 喷油峰值压力Inject back pressure 喷油背压Spray 喷注Spray penetration 喷注贯穿距离Spray penetration curve 喷注贯穿规律Spray penetration ratio 喷注贯穿率Fuel delivery per cycle per cylinder 循环喷油量Minimum fuel delivery per cycle per cylinder 最小循环喷油量Fuel supply rate 供油率Fuel injection rate 喷油率Accumulated fuel delivery rate 累计喷油率Fuel supply rate curve 供油规律Fuel injection rate curve 喷油规律Fuel delivery curve at constant speed 喷油泵负荷特性Fuel delivery curve at fixed rack 喷油泵速度特性Nozzle flow characteristic 喷嘴流通特性Nozzle hydrokinetic characteristic 喷嘴液力特性Spray characteristic 喷雾特性Spray cone angle 喷雾锥角Atomization 雾化Sauter mean diameter (SMD) 索特平均直径Abnormal injection 异常喷油Secondary injection 二次喷油Fluctuating injection 波动喷油Intermittent injection 间断喷油Disorder injection 不齐喷油Nozzle dribbing 喷油滴漏Mixture formation process 混合气形成过程Mixture concentration 混合气浓度Mixture ratio 混合比V olumetric mixture ratio 体积混合比Mole mixture ratio 摩尔混合比Theoretical mixture ratio 理论混合比Theoretical mixture gas 理论混合气Film mixture 油膜混合Combustible mixture 可燃混合气Total air-fuel ratio 总空燃比Total excess air ratio 总过量空气系数Air untilization ratio 空气利用系数Chamber mixture 雾化混合Compound mixture 复合混合Peripheral mixture 周边混合Thermo-mixture effect 热混合效应Thermo-hamper effect 热束缚效应Micro swirl 微涡流Combustion chamber 燃烧室Divided combustion chamber 分开式燃烧室Semi-open combustion chamber 半开式燃烧室Open combustion chamber 开式燃烧室Direct injection combustion chamber 直喷式燃烧室Piston chamber 活塞顶内燃烧室M-process chamber 球型燃烧室Basin shaped combustion chamber 盆形燃烧室Swirl combustion chamber 涡流燃烧室Prechamber 预燃燃烧室Pre-swirl combustion chamber 涡流预燃室Heat-reserve combustion chamber 储能燃烧室Main combustion chamber 主燃室Subsidiary combustion chamber 副燃室L-combustion chamber L形燃烧室Wedge shaped combustion chamber 楔型燃烧室Bathtub shaped combustion chamber 盆形燃烧室Hemispherical combustion chamber 半球形燃烧室V olume ratio of combustion chamber 燃烧室体积比Calibre ratio of combustion chamber 燃烧室口径比Surface-volume ratio of combustion chamber 燃烧室面容比Area ratio of combustion chamber passage 燃烧室通道面积比Ignition 着火Ignition process 着火过程Ignition temperature 着火温度Compression ignition 压燃Spark ignition 点燃Cold flame 冷焰Blue flame 蓝焰Hot flame 热焰Pre-flame reaction 焰前反应Chain reaction 链反应Pre-mixing combustion 预混合燃烧Diffusion combustion 扩散燃烧Lean mixture combustion 稀薄燃烧Stratified combustion 层状燃烧Ignition delay period 滞燃期Rapid combustion period 速燃期Main combustion period 主燃期Normal combustion period 缓燃期After combustion period 后燃期Combustion duration 燃烧持续期Heat release beginning 放热始点Heat release end 放热终点Duration of heat release 放热持续期Combustion rate 燃烧率Heat release rate 放热率Heat release rate curve 放热规律Heat utilization ratio 热量利用率Spark advance angle 点火提前角Spark lag 点火延迟Pre-ignition 早燃Surface ignition 热面点火Miss-fire 失火Back fire 回火Flame propagation velocity 火焰传播速度Detonation 爆燃Squish area 挤气面积Quench effect 冷激效应Combustion swirl 燃烧涡流Squish swirl 挤压涡流Anti-squish swirl 反挤压涡流Maximum combustion pressure 最高燃烧压力Maximum combustion temperature 最高燃烧温度Pressure rise rate 压力升高率Alternative fuel 代用燃料Emulsified fuel 乳化燃料Main fuel 主燃料Pilot-ignition fuel 引燃燃料Basic fuel 基础燃料Lower calorfic value of fuel 燃料低热值Cetane number 十六烷值Octane number 辛烷值Antiknock quality index 抗爆指数Antiknock sensitivity 抗爆敏感度Antiknock quality 抗爆性Polytropic index of expansion 膨胀多变指数Coefficient of molecular change 分子变更系数Initial exhaust 先期排气Free exhaust 自由排气Forced exhaust 强制排气Supercritical exhaust 超临界排气Subcritical exhaust 亚临界排气Exhaust advance angle 排气提前角Exhaust lag angle 排气迟后角Exhaust duration 排气持续期Exhaust pressure 排气压力Exhaust back pressure 排气背压Exhaust temperature 排气温度Residual gas 残余废气Coefficient of residual gas 残余废气系数Exhaust purification 排气净化Poisonous exhaust composition 排气有害万分Emission 排放物Concentration of emission 排放浓度Emission rate 排放分数Exhaust pollution 排气污染Exhaust smoke 排气烟度Soot 黑烟Exhaust particulate 排气微粒Exhaust gas recirculation 废气再循环Indicated work 指示功Indicated power 批示功率Mean indicated pressure 平均指示压力Indicated thermal efficiency 指示热效率Indicated specific fuel consumption 指示油耗率Indicated specific energy consumption 指示能耗率Indicator diagram 示功图Motoring indicator diagram 拖动示功图Low pressure indicator diagram 低压示功图Heat balance 热平衡Exhaust heat loss 排气热损失Cooling heat loss 冷却热损失Remainder heat loss 余项热损失Supercharging 增压Supercharging level 增压度Pressure ratio 增压比Boost pressure 增压压力Low pressure-charging 低增压Medium pressure-charging 中增压High pressure-charging 高增压Super high pressure-charging 超高增压Mechanical supercharging 机械增压Turbo-charging 废气涡轮增压Combined supercharging 复合增压Pulse turbo-charging 脉冲增压Constant-pressure turbo-charging 定压增压Inertia supercharging 惯性增压Intake fluctuation effect supercharging 气波增压器增压Two stage supercharging 两级增压pulse converter supercharging 脉冲转换增压sequential turbocharging 相继涡轮增压tuned intake supercharging 谐波增压modular pulse converter supercharging 模件式脉冲转换增压inter-cooling 增压中冷inter-cooling level 中冷度exhaust expansion ratio through turbine 涡轮膨胀比equivalent area of turbine nozzle 涡轮当量喷嘴面积surge 喘振surge line 喘振线supercharger speed 增压器转速supercharger outlet temperature 增压器出口温度starting speed 起动转速declared speed 标称转速idling speed 最低空载转速maximum no-load speed 最高空载转速lowest continues speed with load 最低工作稳定转速economic speed 经济转速speed at maximum torque 最大转矩转速right-hand rotation 右转left-hand rotation 左转overspeed 超速coefficient of speed reserve 转速储备系数speed governing 调速coefficient of speed fluctuation 转速波动率maximum transient speed 最高瞬时转速minimum transient speed 最低瞬时转速speed recovery time 转速稳定时间transient speed regulation 瞬时调速率steady-state speed regulation 稳定调速率hunting 游车load 负荷full load 全负荷partial load 部分负荷overload 超负荷no-load 空载working condition 工况steady working condition 稳定工况variable working condition 变工况transient working condition 过渡工况declared working condition 标定工况economic working condition 经济工况mechanical loss 机械损失功率brake power 有效功率declared power 标称功率15-minute rated power 15 min功率one hour rated power 1h功率12-hour rated power 12h功率continues power 持续功率power per piston area 活塞面积功率power per cylinder 单缸功率power to bulk ratio 体积功率economic power 经济功率normal power 常用功率maximum power 最大功率gross power 总功率net power 净功率smoke limit power 冒烟极限功率derating power 减额功率power take-off 功率分支输出power reserve 储备功率adjusted power 修正功率standard power 标准功率coefficient of power reserve 功率储备系数mechanical power 机械功率。
常用机械专业术语中英文对照
![常用机械专业术语中英文对照](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/65d416d0988fcc22bcd126fff705cc1754275f61.png)
常用机械专业术语中英文对照机械工程是一个涵盖广泛的领域,其中包含了许多复杂的专业术语。
对于学习和工作在机械领域的人而言,掌握这些术语是非常重要的。
在此,我们将通过对常用机械专业术语的中英文对照进行分析和解释,为您提供帮助。
1. 传动系统:Transmission system2. 机械零件:Mechanical parts3. 摩擦力:Friction force4. 机械加工:Mechanical processing5. 各向同性:Isotropy6. 焊接:Welding7. 机械设计:Mechanical design8. 电机:Electric motor9. 压力传感器:Pressure sensor10. 材料力学:Material mechanics11. 钢铁材料:Steel materials12. 运动控制:Motion control13. 热处理:Heat treatment14. 机械系统:Mechanical system15. 变形:Deformation16. 自适应控制:Adaptive control17. 流体力学:Fluid mechanics18. 微机电系统:Micro-electromechanical systems19. 工业机器人:Industrial robot20. CNC加工:CNC machining以上就是常用机械专业术语的中英文对照。
这些术语是机械领域中非常重要的一部分,他们涵盖了机械材料、流体力学、控制系统和加工过程等领域。
对于机械工程师来说,能够正确地使用这些术语可以帮助他们更好地理解机械原理和操作方法。
此外,在不同的国家和地区,机械专业术语的使用可能会有所不同。
因此,在国际贸易和国际交流中,了解各种语言和文化的机械术语是非常有益的。
最后,学习这些机械专业术语需要具备一定的专业知识和背景知识。
因此,如果您想要更深入地了解机械领域,我们建议您课程或学习机械工程相关的教材。
机械安全中英文对照专业名词与术语
![机械安全中英文对照专业名词与术语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/008f0e9e29ea81c758f5f61fb7360b4c2e3f2a06.png)
机械安全中英文对照专业名词与术语1.机械安全(Mechanical Safety)2.保护装置(Safety Device)3.安全门(Safety Gate)4.安全光幕(Safety Light Curtain)5.安全传感器(Safety Sensor)6.紧急停止开关(Emergency Stop Switch)7.安全编码器(Safety Encoder)8.安全继电器(Safety Relay)9.安全回路(Safety Circuit)10.安全标准(Safety Standard)11.风险评估(Risk Assessment)12.安全防护(Safety Guard)13.安全刹车(Safety Brake)14.安全控制系统(Safety Control System)15.安全指示灯(Safety Indicator Light)16.机械安全认证(Mechanical Safety Certification)17.安全运行手册(Safety Operating Manual)18.安全教育培训(Safety Training)19.危险区域(Hazardous Area)20.安全管理体系(Safety Management System)21.安全防护罩(Safety Shield)22.安全触碰板(Safety Touch Pad)23.安全切断开关(Safety Cut-off Switch)24.安全接地(Safety Grounding)25.安全警报器(Safety Alarm)26.安全检查清单(Safety Checklist)27.安全指导标志(Safety Instruction Sign)28.安全防护服(Safety Protective Clothing)29.安全工程设计(Safety Engineering Design)30.安全监控摄像头(Safety Monitoring Camera)31.安全控制盒(Safety Control Box)32.安全演练(Safety Drill)33.安全风险管理(Safety Risk Management)34.安全漏电保护器(Safety Residual Current Device)35.安全隔离装置(Safety Isolation Device)36.安全性能验证(Safety Performance Verification)37.安全质量标准(Safety Quality Standard)38.安全紧固件(Safety Fastener)39.安全执行标准(Safety Compliance Standard)40.安全遮挡板(Safety Cover)41.安全警示标志(Safety Warning Sign)42.安全遥控器(Safety Remote Control)43.安全限位开关(Safety Limit Switch)44.安全接地线(Safety Grounding Wire)45.安全隔离区域(Safety Isolation Zone)46.安全演示演习(Safety Demonstration Exercise)47.安全应急处理(Safety Emergency Handling)48.安全规范制定(Safety Regulation Establishment)49.安全控制措施(Safety Control Measures)50.安全巡检计划(Safety Inspection Plan)。
暖通专业常用术语中英文对照
![暖通专业常用术语中英文对照](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/11dabc76c950ad02de80d4d8d15abe23482f03e6.png)
暖通专业常用术语中英文对照暖通专业常用术语中英文对照(English-Chinese Terminologies in HVAC)在建筑工程中,暖通专业负责建筑物的空气调节、采暖、通风、空调、管道等方面的设计和施工工作。
为方便与国外企业、设计师或专业人士交流,以下是一些暖通专业常用术语中英文对照。
1. 空气调节(Air Conditioning)1.1 空气调节系统(Air Conditioning System)1.2 中央空调系统(Central Air Conditioning System)1.3 分体式空调(Split Air Conditioner)1.4 多联机空调(Multi-Split Air Conditioner)1.5 窗式空调(Window Air Conditioner)1.6 壁挂式空调(Wall Mounted Air Conditioner)1.7 水冷式空调(Water Cooled Air Conditioner)1.8 空气源热泵(Air Source Heat Pump)1.9 地源热泵(Ground Source Heat Pump)1.10 风柜(Air Handling Unit,AHU)1.11 风管(Air Duct)2. 采暖(Heating)2.1 输配热系统(Heat Distribution System)2.2 水暖系统(Hydronic System)2.3 电暖系统(Electric Heating System)2.4 辐射采暖器(Radiant Heater)2.5 热泵采暖(Heat Pump Heating)2.6 锅炉(Boiler)2.7 热水器(Water Heater)3. 通风(Ventilation)3.1 通风系统(Ventilation System)3.2 自然通风(Natural Ventilation)3.3 强制通风(Mechanical Ventilation)3.4 关闭式通风系统(Closed Ventilation System)4. 管道(Piping)4.1 硬质管道(Rigid Pipes)4.2 管道系统(Piping System)4.3 排水系统(Drainage System)4.4 防火管道(Fire Protection Piping)4.5 吸声管道(Silenced Piping)以上是暖通专业中常用的一些术语,但并不是全面的。
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零件材料类的专有名词CPU: central processing unit(中央处理器)IC: Integrated circuit(集成电路)Memory IC: Memory Integrated circuit(记忆集成电路)RAM: Random Access Memory(随机存取存储器)DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory(动态随机存取存储器)SRAM: Staic Random Access Memory(静态随机存储器)ROM: Read-only Memory(只读存储器)EPROM:Electrical Programmable Read-only Memory(电可抹只读存诸器)EEPROM: Electrical Erasbale Programmable Read-only Memory(电可抹可编程只读存储器)CMOS: Complementary Metal—Oxide-Semiconductor(互补金属氧化物半导体)BIOS: Basic Input Output System(基本输入输出系统)Transistor:电晶体LED:发光二极体Resistor:电阻Variator:可变电阻Capacitor:电容Capacitor array:排容Diode:二极体Transistor:三极体Transformer:变压器(ADP)Oscillator:频率振荡器(0sc)Crystal:石英振荡器XTAL/OSC:振荡产生器(X)Relay:延时器Sensor:感应器Bead core:磁珠Filter:滤波器Flat Cable:排线Inductor:电感Buzzer:蜂鸣器Socket:插座Slot:插槽Fuse:熔断器Current:电流表Solder iron:电烙铁Magnifying glass:放大镜Caliper:游标卡尺Driver:螺丝起子Oven:烤箱TFT:液晶显示器Oscilloscope:示波器Connector:连接器PCB:printed circuit board(印刷电路板)PCBA: printed circuit board assembly(电路板成品)PP:并行接口HDD:硬盘FDD:软盘PSU:power supply unit(电源供应器)SPEC:规格Attach:附件Case: 机箱,盖子Cover:上盖Base:下盖Bazel:面板(panel)Bracket:支架,铁片Lable:贴纸Guide:手册Manual:手册,指南Card:网卡Switch:交换机Hub:集线器Router:路由器Sample:样品Gap:间隙Sponge:海绵Pallet:栈板Foam:保利龙Fiber:光纤Disk:磁盘片PROG:程序Barcode:条码System:系统System Barcode:系统条码M/B:mother board:主板CD-ROM:光驱FAN:风扇Cable:线材Audio:音效K/B:Keyboard(键盘)Mouse:鼠标Riser card:转接卡Card reader:读卡器Screw:螺丝Thermal pad:散热垫Heat sink:散热片Rubber:橡胶垫Rubber foot:脚垫Bag:袋子Washer:垫圈Sleeve:袖套Config:机构Label hi-pot:高压标签Firmware label:烧录标签Metal cover:金属盖子Plastic cover:塑胶盖子Tape for packing:包装带Bar code:条码Tray:托盘Collecto:集线夹Holder:固定器,L铁Connecter:连接器IDE:集成电路设备,智能磁盘设备SCSI:小型计算机系统接口Gasket:导电泡棉AGP:加速图形接口PCI:周边组件扩展接口LAN:局域网USB:通用串形总线架构Slim:小型化COM:串型通讯端口LPT:打印口,并行口Power cord:电源线I/O:输入,输出Speaker:扬声器EPE:泡棉Carton:纸箱Button:按键,按钮Foot stand:脚架部门名称的专有名词QS :Quality system品质系统CS: Coutomer Sevice 客户服务QC: Quality control品质管理IQC: Incoming quality control 进料检验LQC: Line Quality Control 生产线品质控制IPQC: In process quality control 制程检验FQC: Final quality control 最终检验OQC: Outgoing quality control 出货检验QA: Quality assurance 品质保证SQA: Source(supplier) Quality Assurance 供应商品质保证(VQA) CQA:Customer Quality Assurance客户质量保证PQA: Process Quality Assurance 制程品质保证QE: Quality engineer 品质工程CE: component engineering零件工程EE: equipment engineering设备工程ME: manufacturing engineering制造工程TE: testing engineering测试工程PPE: Product Engineer 产品工程IE: Industrial engineer 工业工程ADM: Administration Department行政部RMA:客户退回维修CSDI:检修PC: producing control生管MC: mater control物管GAD: General Affairs Dept总务部A/D: Accountant /Finance Dept会计LAB: Laboratory实验室DOE:实验设计HR:人资PMC:企划RD:研发W/H:仓库SI:客验PD: Product Department生产部PA:采购(PUR: Purchasing Dept)SMT:Surface mount technology 表面粘着技术MFG:Manufacturing 制造MIS:Management information system 资迅管理系统DCC:document control center 文件管制中心厂内作业中的专有名词QT:Quality target品质目标QP:Quality policy目标方针QI:Quality improvement品质改善CRITICAL DEFECT:严重缺点(CR)MAJOR DEFECT:主要缺点(MA)MINOR DEFECT:次要缺点(MI)MAX: Maximum最大值MIN: Minimum最小值DIA: Diameter直径DIM: Dimension尺寸LCL: Lower control limit管制下限UCL: Upper control limit管制上限EMI:电磁干扰ESD:静电防护EPA:静电保护区域ECN:工程变更ECO: Engineering change order工程改动要求(客户)ECR:工程变更需求单CPI: Continuous Process Improvement 连续工序改善Compatibility:兼容性Marking:标记DWG: Drawing图面Standardization:标准化Consensus:一致Code:代码ZD: Zero defect零缺点Tolerance:公差Subject matter:主要事项Auditor:审核员BOM:Bill of material物料清单Rework:重工ID:identification识别,鉴别,证明PILOT RUN:(试投产)FAI:首件检查FPIR:First Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告FAA:首件确认SPC:统计制程管制CP: capability index(准确度)CPK: capability index of process(制程能力)PMP:制程管理计划(生产管制计划)MPI:制程分析DAS: Defects Analysis System 缺陷分析系统PPB:十亿分之一Flux:助焊剂P/N:料号L/N:Lot Number批号Version:版本Quantity:数量Valid date:有效日期MIL—STD:Military-Standard军用标准ICT: In Circuit Test (线路测试)ATE:Automatic Test Equipment自动测试设备MO: Manafacture Order生产单T/U: Touch Up (锡面修补)I/N:手插件P/T:初测F/T: Function Test (功能测试—终测)ASY:组立P/K:包装TQM:Total quality control全面品质管理MDA:manufacturing defect analysis制程不良分析(ICT) RUN—IN:老化实验HI-pot:高压测试FMI:Frequency Modulation Inspect高频测试DPPM: Defect Part Per Million(不良率的一种表达方式:百万分之一) 1000PPM即为0.1% Corrective Action: (CAR改善对策)ACC:允收REJ:拒收S/S:Sample size抽样检验样本大小SI—SIV:Special I-Special IV特殊抽样水平等级CON:Concession / Waive特采ISO:国际标准化组织ISA:Industry Standard Architecture工业标准体制结构OBA:开箱稽核FIFO:先进先出PDCA:管理循环Plan do check action计划,执行,检查,总结WIP:在制品(半成品)S/O: Sales Order (业务订单)P/O: Purchase Order (采购订单)P/R: Purchase Request (请购单)AQL:acceptable quality level允收品质水准LQL;Limiting quality level最低品质水准QVL:qualified vendor list合格供应商名册AVL :认可的供货商清单(Approved Vendor List)QCD: Quality cost delivery(品质,交期,成本)MPM:Manufacturing project management制造专案管理KPI:Key performance indicate重要绩效指标MVT:Manufacturing Verification Test制造验证试产Q/R/S:Quality/Reliability/Service质量/可靠度/服务STL:ship to line(料到上线)NTF:No trouble found误判CIP:capacity improvement plan(产能改善计划)MRB:material review board(物料审核小组)MRB:Material reject bill退货单JIT:just in time(即时管理)5S:seiri seiton seiso seiketsu shitsuke(整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,修养)SOP:standard operation process(标准作业程序)SIP:Specification inspection process制程检验规格TOP: Test Operation Process (测试作业流程)WI: working instruction(作业指导书)SMD:surface mounting device(表面粘着原件)FAR:failure aualysis report故障分析报告CAR:Corrective action report改善报告BPR:企业流程再造 (Business Process Reengineering) ISAR :首批样品认可(Initial Sample Approval Request)- JIT:实时管理(Just In Time)QCC :品管圈 (Quality Control Circle)Engineering Department (工程部)TQEM: Total Quality Environment Management(全面品质环境管理)PD: Production Department (制造)LOG: Logistics (后勤支持)Shipping:(进出口)AOQ:Average Output Quality平均出货质量AOQL:Average Output Quality Level平均出货质量水平FMEA:failure model effectiveness analysis失效模式分析CRB: Change Review Board (工程变更会议)CSA:Customer Simulate Analysis客户模拟分析SQMS:Supplier Quality Management System供应商品质管理系统QIT: Quality Improvement Team 品质改善小组QIP:Quality Improvement Plan品质改善计划CIP:Continual Improvement Plan持续改善计划M.Q.F。