中国矿业大学电气工程及自动化专业英语第六版 考试章节第一。二篇课文翻译

Section 1 Introduction 第一节介绍

The modern society depends on the electricity supply more heavily than ever before.现代社会比以往任何时候对电力供应的依赖更多。It can not be imagined what the world should be if the electricity supply were interrupted all over the world. 如果中断了世界各地的电力供应，无法想像世界会变成什么样子Electric power systems (or electric energy systems), providing electricity to the modern society, have become indispensable components of the industrial world. 电力系统（或电力能源系统），提供电力到现代社会，已成为产业界的不可缺少的组成部分。

The first complete electric power system (comprising a generator, cable, fuse, meter, and loads) was built by Thomas Edison –the historic Pearl Street Station in New York City which began operation in September 1882. 托马斯爱迪生建立了世界上第一个完整的电力系统（包括发电机，电缆，熔断器，计量，并加载）它就是位于纽约市具有历史意义的珍珠街的发电厂始于1882年9月运作。This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个直流系统，由一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机其供电面积约1.5公里至59范围内的客户。负载，完全由白炽灯组成，通过地下电缆系统用110v电压供电。Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world. With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems.随后几年内，类似的电力系统在世界各地陆续的开始运作，由于法兰克，史博格在1884年研制出电动机，电动机负荷开始接入这类系统This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the largest industries in the world. In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems. By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent. They could deliver power only a short distance from generators.

由此开始电力系统逐渐发展成为世界上最大的工业体系之一，尽管直流系统开始广泛使用但后来它们几乎被交流系统取代，到1886年，直流系统的缺点日益明显。直流系统只能在发电机的短距离范围内输送电力，对于长距离输送电力而言To keep transmission power losses ( I 2 R ) and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission. Such high voltages were not acceptable for generation and consumption of power; therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity. 为了将输电损耗（12r）和电压降落控制在可接受的水平，必须采用高的电压，如此高的电压对于发电还是用电都是不可接受的，因此必须有一个方便的电压变换方法

The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L. Gaulard and JD Gibbs of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems. 法国巴黎的西安·戈拉尔和约翰吉布斯发明了变压器和交流输电方式，交流系统后得到了广泛的应用In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland. 1889年，第一条交流输电线路在北美澳洲投入运行，它位于这俩地方之间

It was a single-phase line transmitting power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km. With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive. By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems. Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inventions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.这是一个单相线路，输电电压4,000V，输电距离21km。尼古拉特斯拉发明了多项输电系统后，交流输电系统变得更有优势，到1888年，拥有了交流电动机，发电机，变压器和输电系统等多项技术专利。威斯丁豪斯公司购买了这些早期的发明专利，这些专利为当今的交流电力系统奠定了基础

In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be standardized on DC or AC. By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons: 在19世纪90年代，有很大的争议或交流电力行业是否应该统一于直流。到了世纪之交的，在交流系统赢得了原因出在下面的直流系统为：

（1）V oltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltages for generation, transmission, and consumption.在交流系统中可以方便的实现了电压等级的交换从而实现了在不同电压的水平发电输电用电的灵活性

（2）AC generators are much simpler than DC generators. （2）交流发电机比直流发电机简单得多

（3）AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors. （三）交流电机和电机便宜简单便宜的多。

The first three-phase line in North America went into operation in 1893——a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern