中英文摘要要求及样例-都快轨交通
地铁中英文摘要
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Abstract:With the rapid development of urban rail transit construction, the construction will inevitably encounter more and more nodes stations, so that the inevitable emergence of a growing number of stations and running tunnels crossing each other engineering problems. Dongzhimen station to Beijing Capital International Airport on the 13th line from top to bottom through the successful experience of, for example, intends to focus Underpinning under the law through the hole pile involved in the project to wear both the line technology, by the power conversion technology, the hole pile underpinning, PLC trace initiative lifting control and automated monitoring of key technologies analyzed and summarized to form a set of complex engineering construction of difficult and high-risk conditions, new subway through the existing subway construction. Mainly to complete the work include:(1) distance of tight hole pile underpinning under the law to wear construction technology research, the initial establishment of a set beneath the structure of the existing line assessment techniques and sedimentation control standards established principle, combined with finite element numerical analysis technique proposed a complex set of boundary conditions under the hole Pile Underpinning wearing integrated construction technology.(2) beneath the entire construction process of three-dimensional numerical simulation analysis, combined with structured assessment techniques to establish the construction phase arising from the settlement value and the principle of proportional distribution, the settlement of the control value science reasonably assigned to the construction phase, link phases have targeted the development of sedimentation control measures to ensure that the various stages in the controllable range, ensure that the total sedimentation control standards are not exceeded.(3) active anti-settlement control technology research in the construction of underground works, established the principle of control by the "partition, in stages, grouping, grading, and further analyzed by synchronous lifting technology to trace the shift dynamically adjusted jin layout and top force distribution method, in order to achieve active control of the effect of structural deformation and development of both lines, and the combination of real-time monitoring of the existing line and construction settlement control to minimize the risk.(4) the structure of the existing line of real-time monitoring techniques, a track switch equipment monitoring technology, has established the protection of the switch device circuit signal and fatigue resistance reciprocating movement sensor selection and arrangement principle, case does not affect the normal working of the switch equipment, real-time monitoring of equipment; wearing construction, combined with field dynamic feedback process, real-time guidance to the construction site, to solve the problem of the traditional underground engineering lag. Keywords: subway; beneath existing subway; hole pile underpinning; the PLC trace active jacking; automated monitoring摘要:随着城市轨道交通建设的迅猛发展、其建设中必然遇到越来越多的节点车站,这样也必然涌现出越来越多的车站及区间隧道的相互穿越的工程问题。
城市轨道专业英语作文
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城市轨道专业英语作文English:The development of urban rail transit plays a crucial role in promoting the sustainable development of cities. It not only provides a convenient, efficient, and environmentally friendly transportation option for residents, but also helps to ease traffic congestion, reduce air pollution, and enhance the overall urban living environment. The construction and operation of urban rail transit systems require a wide range of expertise in areas such as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and urban planning. Professionals in the field of urban rail transit must have a deep understanding of the technical specifications, safety regulations, and environmental standards related to rail transportation. They are responsible for designing, building, maintaining, and managing the infrastructure of rail transit systems, ensuring the safety and reliability of train operations, and optimizing the efficiency and sustainability of urban transportation networks. In addition, they need to continuously update their knowledge and skills to keep pace with the rapid advancements in rail transit technology and contribute to the continuous improvement of urban rail transit services.中文翻译:城市轨道交通的发展对于推动城市的可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。
城市轨道交通全自动运行系统及安全需求
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城市轨道交通全自动运行系统及安全需求闫宏伟;燕飞【摘要】结合国内外全自动运行系统的运营研究资料,介绍国际轨道交通全自动运行系统发展状况,探讨全自动运行系统的功能结构.结合IEC62267与IEC62290等国际标准,论述全自动运行系统典型的系统功能与安全需求.以系统FAM与CAM 模式转换为例,对运营场景进行分析研究,如实反映列车全自动驾驶系统真实的运营过程,在建模之前需对系统的功能进行梳理,实现需求到场景的追踪,以确保所建模型与功能需求的一致性,即此模型表达系统最终需要完成哪些功能,这些功能之间的关系如何以及系统完成这些功能需要与哪些外部参与者或系统实现交互.对全自动运行系统展开深入而全面的研究,对我国自主研发全自动运行系统提出参考建议,为全自动运行系统的安全运营保驾护航.%This paper discusses the development and function structure of automatic operation system for international rail transit by using the operation and research data of the system at home and abroad.It examines the typical automatic operation system and security requirements in line with IEC62267 and IEC62290 and other international standards.By taking the mode transfer of FAM and CAM system as an example,the operational scenarios are analyzed and the real operation process of the automatic driving system is reflected.The function of the system needs to be reviewed before modeling to meet the demand of the scene,which can guarantee the consistency between modeling and functional requirements.Specifically,the following aspects should be considered:what functions the model expression system should perform,what the relationship between these functions is and whatexternal actors or systems are needed to interact with for these systems to complete their functions.In-depth and comprehensive study of the whole automatic operation system is needed for research and for the development of independent system design in China.【期刊名称】《都市快轨交通》【年(卷),期】2017(030)003【总页数】7页(P50-55,87)【关键词】城市轨道交通;全自动运行系统;安全需求【作者】闫宏伟;燕飞【作者单位】中国铁路经济规划研究院,北京100038;北京交通大学电子信息工程学院,北京100044【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U231.6随着城市化进程的不断加速以及城市人口爆发式的增长,交通运输成为亟待解决的问题。
城轨英语作文模板
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城轨英语作文模板英文回答:Urban Rail Transit: A Comprehensive Guide。
Introduction。
Urban rail transit (URT) refers to a transportation system that utilizes trains or trams to provide passenger transportation services within an urban area. URT systems are commonly found in large metropolitan areas and are designed to reduce traffic congestion, improve air quality, and enhance urban mobility.Types of Urban Rail Transit。
There are various types of URT systems, each with its own unique characteristics:Light Rail Transit (LRT): LRT systems typicallyoperate on elevated tracks or at-grade level, serving low to medium passenger volumes. They are characterized by their lighter weight vehicles and frequent stops.Heavy Rail Transit (HRT): HRT systems operate underground or at surface level, carrying higher passenger volumes compared to LRT. They feature larger vehicles and longer distances between stations.Metro Transit: Metro systems are similar to HRT systems but typically operate entirely underground, connecting urban centers and suburbs.Monorail: Monorail systems utilize a single elevated rail line, reducing land use requirements. They are often used in cities with limited space.Tram: Trams are generally smaller than LRT vehicles and operate at street level, sharing space with other traffic.Advantages of Urban Rail Transit。
交通专业英语作文
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交通专业英语作文(中英文版)Title: Transportation Specialist English EssayIn the modern world, transportation plays a crucial role in the development and progress of society.It is an essential aspect of our daily lives, enabling us to travel, transport goods, and connect with one another.The field of transportation is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations shaping the way we move people and goods from one place to another.As a transportation specialist, it is important to have a strong understanding of the industry and its terminology in order to effectively communicate and contribute to its growth.The transportation industry encompasses a wide range of modes, including road, rail, air, and water.Each mode has its own set of terms and concepts that specialists need to be familiar with.For example, in road transportation, terms such as traffic flow, congestion, and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are commonly used.In rail transportation, terms like trackage, signaling, and freight transportation are important.In air transportation, specialists need to be familiar with terms such as air traffic control, airport operations, and aviation safety.In addition to understanding the different modes of transportation, transportation specialists also need to be aware of the latest trends anddevelopments in the industry.This includes topics such as sustainable transportation, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities.Staying informed about these trends is important for developing innovative solutions and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of transportation systems.Furthermore, effective communication is key in the field of transportation.Transportation specialists need to be able to convey complex information clearly and concisely to a variety of audiences, including policymakers, engineers, and the general public.This requires strong writing and speaking skills, as well as an understanding of industry-specific terminology.In conclusion, as a transportation specialist, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the industry and its terminology.This includes being familiar with the different modes of transportation, staying informed about the latest trends and developments, and having strong communication skills.By mastering these skills, transportation specialists can contribute to the growth and development of the industry, and help create efficient and effective transportation systems for the future.。
《铁道学报》对撰写中英文摘要的要求
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介绍轨道交通的作文英文
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介绍轨道交通的作文英文英文:As a mode of transportation, I believe that the railway system is an essential part of modern society. It provides a convenient and efficient way for people to travel from one place to another. The railway system consists of various components, such as tracks, trains, stations, and signaling systems, all working together to ensure the smooth operation of the transportation network.One of the advantages of railway transportation is its ability to carry a large number of passengers and goods over long distances. For example, the high-speed trains in China can travel at speeds of up to 350 km/h, allowing passengers to reach their destinations quickly and comfortably. In addition, the railway system is also environmentally friendly, as it produces fewer carbon emissions compared to other modes of transportation, such as cars and airplanes.Another benefit of the railway system is itsreliability. Unlike road transportation, which can be affected by traffic congestion and accidents, trainsoperate on a dedicated track, reducing the risk of delays and cancellations. For instance, when I was traveling from Beijing to Shanghai, I chose to take the high-speed train, knowing that it would arrive on time and provide a smooth and pleasant journey.Furthermore, the railway system plays a crucial role in promoting economic development. It facilitates the movement of goods and materials, supporting industries andbusinesses across different regions. For example, thefreight trains in Europe transport a wide range of products, including automobiles, electronics, and food, contributingto the growth of the economy and the creation of jobs.In conclusion, the railway system is an indispensable part of modern transportation, offering numerous benefits such as speed, reliability, and environmentalsustainability. It connects people and places, driveseconomic growth, and provides a comfortable and efficient travel experience.中文:作为一种交通方式,铁路系统是现代社会的重要组成部分。
《都市快轨交通》国际版——Urban Rail Transit征稿
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《都市快轨交通》国际版——Urban Rail Transit征稿
佚名
【期刊名称】《都市快轨交通》
【年(卷),期】2018(31)6
【摘要】《都市快轨交通》国际版,Urban Rail Transit是一个同行评审的、国际的、跨学科的开放存取期刊,在著名的学术期刊出版品牌SpringerOpen平台出版。
Urban Rail Transit旨在为城市轨道交通领域的科学家、研究人员和工程技术人员发表原创的、有意义的论文提供一个平台,促进城市轨道交通领域的学术讨论和技
术交流,也为轨道交通领域运营及建设的决策者、技术专家的决策提供参考。
【总页数】1页(PI0003-I0003)
【关键词】交通领域;都市;征稿;期刊出版;城市轨道;工程技术人员;学术讨论;同行评审
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】U491
【相关文献】
1.《都市快轨交通》国际版——Urban Rail Transit征稿 [J],
2.《都市快轨交通》国际版——Urban Rail Transit征稿 [J],
3.《都市快轨交通》国际版--Urban Rail Transit征稿 [J],
4.《都市快轨交通》国际版——Urban Rail Transit征稿 [J],
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公共场所英文译写规范——第3部分:交通(参考Word)
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公共场所英文译写规范第3部分:交通1 范围本部分规定了公共交通领域英文译写的方法、原则和要求。
本部分适用于公共交通枢纽等实体名称信息、交通基础设施及功能信息、警示和提示信息的英文译写。
2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本部分的引用而成为本部分的条款。
凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本部分,然而,鼓励根据本部分达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。
凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本适用于本部分。
GB 17733-2008 地名标志GB/T 16159 汉语拼音正词法基本规则3 定义下列术语和定义适用于本部分。
3.1公共交通指向公众开放、提供客运服务的交通运输系统,包括航空客运、铁路客运、轨道交通客运、汽车客运和轮船客运。
3.2交通枢纽指公共交通系统中多种运输方式的交叉与衔接之处,共同办理客货的中转、发送、到达所需的多种运输设施的综合体。
3.3交通基础设施为公共交通营运设置的设施和设备,包括安全保障设施,以及其他为乘客提供便利的设施和设备。
4 译写方法和要求4.1实体名称4.1.1本部分实体名称指大型公共交通枢纽名称。
4.1.2实体名称构成成分的分析方法,以及不同成分的译写方法,按照本标准《第2部分:实体名称译法》的相关规定及其附录执行。
4.1.3本部分实体名称属性名、通名的具体译法4.1.3.1机场译作Airport。
4.1.3.2火车站译作Railway Station。
4.1.3.3大型港口译作Port;客运码头、轮渡站译作(Passenger) Ferry Terminal或Pier;货运码头译作Wharf;装卸码头(站)译作Loading/Unloading Dock。
4.1.3.4可换乘其它交通线路的交通枢纽、站点译作Terminal。
长途汽车客运枢纽(站)、公交枢纽(站)均译作Bus Terminal;轨道交通枢纽(站)译作Metro Terminal;轮船客运枢纽(站)译作Passenger Terminal。
介绍城轨交通英文作文
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介绍城轨交通英文作文英文:As someone who frequently uses urban rail transit, Ican say that it is a convenient and efficient mode of transportation. Urban rail transit includes subways, light rail, and commuter rail systems that operate in urban areas. These systems provide a fast and reliable way to travel within a city.One of the benefits of urban rail transit is that itcan alleviate traffic congestion. By providing analternative mode of transportation, it reduces the numberof cars on the road and can help ease traffic flow. In addition, it is environmentally friendly. Trains emit less pollution than cars, making it a greener option for transportation.Another advantage is that it is often faster thandriving or taking a bus. This is because the trains are notaffected by traffic and can travel at high speeds. For example, in my city, the subway can take me from one end of the city to the other in half the time it would take by car.However, there are also some drawbacks to urban rail transit. One is that it can be crowded during peak hours. This can make the experience uncomfortable for passengers. Another issue is that it may not be as convenient for those who live in areas without easy access to a station. Thiscan make it difficult for them to use the system.Overall, urban rail transit is a great option for those who live in urban areas. It is fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly. While it may have some drawbacks, the benefits outweigh them in my opinion.中文:作为一位经常使用城市轨道交通的人,我可以说它是一种方便而高效的交通方式。
《都市快轨交通》投稿须知
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都市快轨交通第32卷第3期(总第157期)2019年6月O信息与广告广告索引中国城市轨道交通协会动态................(封二)武汉将打造国内首款氢能轨道交通.. (4)深圳地铁试点推出车厢拥挤度智能显示系统 (18)北京城建设计发展集团参建的深圳市轨道交通7号线项目获第十六届中国土木工程詹天佑奖 (31)北京轨道交通二维码使用量破4亿,“易通行”更名为“亿通行” (45)唐山新型多咬接100%低地板现代有轨电车下线 (144)长春轨道交通2号线兴隆堡站等10座车站荣获“十大最美地铁站奖” (151)交通运输部印发《城市轨道交通服务质量评价管理办法》 (156)《都市快轨交通》英文国际版(Urban Rail Transit)征稿.............(后插1)第13届亚太交通发展大会暨ICTPA国际华人交通运输协会2020年年会........(后插2-3)交控科技股份有限公司....................(前插1)洛阳双瑞橡塑科技有限公司...............(前插2)南京天加环境科技有限公司..............(前插3)广东申菱环境系统股份有限公司..........(前插4)2019北京国际城市轨道交通展............(后插4)2019北京国际城市轨道交通高峰论坛.....(后插5)北京安捷工程咨询有限公司............(后插6-8)柏诚(亚洲)有限公司..................(后插9)上海电气泰雷兹交通系统有限公司........(后插10)鼎桥通信技术有限公司..................(后插11)南京菲尼克斯电气有限公司..........(后插12-13)南京华士电子科技有限公司..............(后插14)烟台科大正信电气有限公司..............(后插15)江西华伍制动器股份有限公司............(后插16)洛阳科博思新材料科技有限公司..........(后插17)中铁宝桥集团有限公司..................(后插18)北京九州一轨隔振技术有限公司..........(后插19)宝鸡中车时代工程机械有限公司..........(后插20)中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司.......(后插21)株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司..........(后插22)中车株洲电力机车有限公司................(封三)中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司............(封四)《都市快轨交通》投稿须知1.请作者登陆《都市快轨交通》采编系统,点击“作者投稿”,采用在线投稿系统。
介绍城轨交通英文作文
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介绍城轨交通英文作文英文:City rail transit, also known as urban rail transit, is a type of public transportation system that operates on tracks within a city or metropolitan area. It includes various modes of transportation, such as subways, light rails, and commuter rails.One of the advantages of city rail transit is its efficiency in transporting large numbers of passengers quickly and safely. For example, in cities like Tokyo and Shanghai, the subway system is the primary mode of transportation for millions of people each day. The trains run frequently and on time, allowing commuters to arrive at their destinations on schedule.Another benefit of city rail transit is its environmental friendliness. Compared to cars and buses, trains emit less pollution and consume less energy perpassenger. This helps to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, making it a more sustainable transportation option.In addition, city rail transit can also stimulate economic development by providing access to employment, education, and entertainment. For example, the development of the New York City subway system in the early 20th century helped to connect different neighborhoods and promote the growth of the city.Overall, city rail transit is an important part of modern urban transportation systems, providing efficient, sustainable, and convenient transportation for millions of people around the world.中文:城市轨道交通,也称为城市轨道交通系统,是一种在城市或都市区内运营的公共交通系统,包括地铁、轻轨和通勤铁路等多种交通方式。
交通工程公路建设中英文对照外文翻译文献
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中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)英文原文:The Basics of a Good RoadWe have known how to build good roads for a long time. Archaeologists have found ancient Egyptian roadsthat carried blocks to the pyramids in 4600 BCE. Later,the Romans built an extensive road system, using the same principles we use today. Some of these roads are still in service.If you follow the basic concepts of road building, you will create a road that will last. The ten commandments of a good road are:(1)Get water away from the road(2)Build on a firm foundation(3)Use the best materials(4)Compact all layers properly(5)Design for traffic loads and volumes(6)Design for maintenance(7)Pave only when ready(8)Build from the bottom up(9)Protect your investment(10)Keep good records1.Get water away from the roadWe can’t overemphasize the importance of good drainage.Engineers estimate that at least 90% of a road’s problems can be related to excess water or to poor waterdrainage. Too much water in any layer of a road’sstructure can weaken that layer, leading to failure.In the surface layer, water can cause cracks and potholes. In lower layers it undermines support, causing cracks and potholes. A common sign of water in an asphalt road surface is alligator cracking — an interconnected pattern of cracks forming small irregular shaped pieces that look like alligator skin. Edge cracking, frost heaves, and spring breakup of pavements also point to moisture problems.To prevent these problems remember that water:• flows downhill• needs to flow someplace• is a problem if it is not flowingEffective drainage systems divert, drain and dispose of water. To do this they use interceptor ditches and slopes,road crowns, and ditch and culvert systems.Divert —Interceptor ditches, located between the road and higher ground along the road, keep the water from reaching the roadway. These ditches must slope so they carry water away from the road.Drain —Creating a crown in the road so it is higher along the centerline than at the edges encourages water to flow off the road. Typically a paved crown should be 1⁄4" higher than the shoulder for each foot of width from the centerline to the edge. For gravel surfaces the crown should be 1⁄2" higher per foot of width. For this flow path to work, the road surface must be relatively water tight. Road shoulders also must be sloped away from the road to continue carrying the flow away. Superelevations (banking) at the outside of curves will also help drainthe road surface.Dispose —A ditch and culvert system carries water away from the road structure. Ditches should be at least one foot lower than the bottom of the gravel road layer that drains the roadway. They must be kept clean and must be sloped to move water into natural drainage. If water stays in the ditches it can seep back into the road structure and undermine its strength. Ditches should also be protected from erosion by planting grass, or installing rock and other erosion control measures. Erosion can damage shoulders and ditches, clog culverts, undermine roadbeds, and contaminate nearby streams and lakes. Evaluate your ditch and culvert system twice a year to ensure that it works. In the fall, clean out leaves and branches that can block flow. In spring, check for and remove silts from plowing and any dead plant material left from the fall.2.Build on a firm foundationA road is only as good as its foundation. A highway wears out from the top down but falls apart from the bottom. The road base must carry the entire structure and the traffic that uses it.To make a firm foundation you may need to stabilize the roadbed with chemical stabilizers, large stone called breaker run, or geotextile fabric. When you run into conditions where you suspect that the native soil is unstable, work with an engineer to investigate the situation and design an appropriate solution.3.Use the best materialsWith all road materials you “pay now or pay later.” Inferior materials may require extensive maintenance throughout the road’s life. They may also force you to replace the road prematurely.Crushed aggregate is the best material for the base course. The sharp angles of thecrushed material interlock when they are compacted. This supports the pavement and traffic by transmitting the load from particle to particle. By contrast, rounded particles act like ballbearings, moving under loads.Angular particles are more stable than rounded particles.Asphalt and concrete pavement materials must be of the highest quality, designed for the conditions, obtained from established firms, and tested to ensure it meets specifications. 4.Compact all layersIn general, the more densely a material is compacted, the stronger it is. Compaction alsoshrinks or eliminates open spaces (voids) between particles. This means that less water can enter the structure. Water in soil can weaken the structure or lead to frost heaves. This is especially important for unsurfaced (gravel) roads. Use gravel which has a mix of sizes (well-graded aggregate) so smaller particles can fill the voids between larger ones. Goodcompaction of asphalt pavement lengthens its life.5.Design for traffic loads and volumesDesign for the highest anticipated load the road will carry. A road that has been designed only for cars will not stand up to trucks. One truck with 9 tons on a single rear axle does as much damage to a road as nearly 10,000 cars.Rural roads may carry log trucks, milk trucks, fire department pumper trucks, or construction equipment. If you don’t know what specific loads the road will carry, a good rule of thumb is to design for the largest piece of highway maintenance equipment that will be used on the road.A well-constructed and maintained asphalt road should last 20 years without major repairs or reconstruction. In designing a road, use traffic counts that project numbers and sizes of vehicles 20 years into the future. These are only projections, at best, but they will allow you to plan for traffic loadings through a road’s life.6.Design for maintenanceWithout maintenance a road will rapidly deteriorate and fail. Design your roads so they can be easily maintained. This means:• adequate ditches that can be cleaned regularly• culverts that are marked for easy locating in the spring• enough space for snow after it is plowed off the road• proper cross slopes f or safety, maintenance and to avoid snow drifts• roadsides that are planted or treated to prevent erosion• roadsides that can be mowed safelyA rule of thumb for adequate road width is to make it wide enough for a snowplow to pass another vehicle without leaving the travelled way.Mark culverts with a post so they can be located easily.7.Pave only when readyIt is not necessary to pave all your roads immediately. There is nothing wrong with a well-built and wellmaintained gravel road if traffic loads and volume do not require a paved surface. Three hundred vehicles per day is the recommended minimum to justify paving.Don’t assume that laying down asphalt will fix a gravel road that is failing. Before you pave, make sure you have an adequate crushed stone base that drains well and is properly compacted. The recommended minimum depth of crushed stone base is 10" depending on subgrade soils. A road paved only when it is ready will far outperform one that is constructed too quickly.8.Ê Build from the bottom upThis commandment may seem obvious, but it means that you shouldn’t top dress or resurface a road if the problem is in an underlying layer. Before you do any road improvement, locate the cause of any surface problems. Choose an improvement technique that will address the problem. This may mean recycling or removing all road materials down to the native soil and rebuilding everything. Doing any work that doesn’t solve the problem is a waste of money and effort.9.Ê Protect your investmentThe road system can be your municipality’s biggest investment. Just as a home needs painting or a new roof, a road must be maintained. Wisconsin’s severe climate requires more road maintenance than in milder places. Do these important maintenance activities: Surface —grade, shape, patch, seal cracks, control dust, remove snow and iceDrainage —clean and repair ditches and culverts; remove all excess materialRoadside —cut brush, trim trees and roadside plantings, control erosionTraffic service —clean and repair or replace signsDesign roads with adequate ditches so they can be maintained with a motor grader. Clean and grade ditches to maintain proper pitch and peak efficiency. After grading, remove all excess material from the shoulder.10.Keep good recordsYour maintenance will be more efficient with good records. Knowing the road’s construction, life, and repair history makes it much easier to plan and budget its future repairs. Records can also help you evaluate the effectiveness of the repair methods and materials you used.Good record keeping starts with an inventory of the system. It should include the history andsurface condition of the roadway, identify and evaluate culverts and bridges, note ditch conditions, shoulders, signs, and such structures as retaining walls and guardrails.Update your inventory each year or when you repair or change a road section. A formal pavement management system can help use these records and plan and budget road improvements.ResourcesThe Basics of a Good Road#17649, UW-Madison, 15 min. videotape. Presents the Ten Commandments of a Good Road. Videotapes are loaned free through County Extension offices.Asphalt PASER Manual(39 pp), Concrete PASER Manual (48 pp), Gravel PASER Manual (32 pp). These booklets contain extensive photos and descriptions of road surfacesto help you understand types of distress conditions and their causes. A simple procedure for rating the condition helps you manage your pavements and plan repairs.Roadware, a computer program which stores and reports pavement condition information. Developed by the Transportation Information Center and enhanced by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, it uses the PASER rating system to provide five-year cost budgets and roadway repair/reconstruction priority lists.Wisconsin Transportation Bulletin factsheets, available from the Transportation Information Center (T.I.C.).Road Drainage, No. 4. Describes drainage for roadways, shoulders, ditches, and culverts.Gravel Roads, No. 5. Discusses the characteristics of a gravel road and how to maintain one.Using Salt and Sand for Winter Road Maintenance,No. 6. Basic information and practical tips on how to use de-icing chemicals and sand.Culverts—Proper Use and Installation, No. 15. Selecting and sizing culverts, designing, installing and maintaining them.Geotextiles in Road Construction/Maintenance andErosion Control, No. 16. Definitions and common applications of geotextiles on roadways and for erosion control.T.I.C. workshops are offered at locations around the state.Crossroads,an 8-page quarterly newsletter published by the T.I.C. carries helpful articles, workshop information, and resource lists. For more information on any of these materials, contact the T.I.C. at 800/442-4615.译文:一个良好的公路的基础长久以来我们已经掌握了如何铺设好一条道路的方法,考古学家发现在4600年古埃及使用建造金字塔的石块铺设道路,后来,罗马人使用同样的方法建立了一个庞大的道路系统,这种方法一直沿用到今天。
公共场所英文译写规范第部分交通
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公共场所英文译写规范第部分交通Public Places English Translation Standard Part Three: TrafficI. IntroductionIn today's world, transportation plays a crucial role in our daily lives, and traffic is a significant part of transportation. Whether we are walking, cycling, or driving, we encounter transportation-related items and structures in public places, such as signs, lanes, and parking spots. Properly understanding and translating these elements correctly is essential to ensure the safety and convenience of the public. Therefore, this document aims to establish a standardized and effective way of translating traffic-related features in public places.II. Principles of TranslationThe following principles should be kept in mind when translating traffic-related elements in public places:- Accuracy: Translations should be faithful to the original meaning of the source text. It is crucial to convey information precisely and correctly to ensure safe and smooth traffic flow.- Clarity: Translations should be easily understandable to the public, regardless of their language ability or background. The useof plain language, appropriate font sizes, and graphics can help to ensure clarity.- Consistency: Consistent use of terms and phrasing should be maintained throughout the text to avoid confusion and facilitate understanding.- Cultural sensitivity: Translations should take into account cultural and regulatory differences between countries. Appropriate adjustments should be made based on regional differences.III. Translating Traffic-Related Elements1. Signs and SymbolsSigns and symbols are used to convey information to drivers, cyclists, and pedestrians, and guide them along the road safely. When translating signs and symbols, the following rules apply:- Keep the layout and design of the original. Do not alter the size or shape of the signs.- Translate the text accurately, maintaining the same font, size, and color scheme as the original, whenever possible.- For symbols, use internationally recognized symbols and avoid using symbols that are not familiar in the target language.- Take into account regulatory differences. Regulatory signs vary from country to country, and it is important to ensure the translated sign complies with the local regulations.Examples:- STOP: Translate the word "STOP" in capital letters in the target language.- NO PARKING: Translate the phrase "NO PARKING" in capital letters in the target language.- ARROW: Use the internationally recognized arrows to indicate direction.2. LanesLanes are used to delineate different types of traffic such as cars, bikes, or buses. When translating lanes, the following rules apply:- Maintain a consistent use of terms. For instance, use "bike lane" instead of "cycle lane" or "bicycle lane."- Translate the text accurately, maintaining the same font, size, and color scheme as the original, whenever possible.- Take into account local regulatory differences. The width and color of lanes may vary depending on the regulations of the local transport authorities.Examples:- BUS LANE: Translate the phrase "BUS LANE" in capital letters in the target language.- CYCLE LANE: Translate the phrase "CYCLE LANE" in capital letters in the target language.3. ParkingParking spots are designated areas where drivers can park their vehicles. When translating parking-related elements, the following rules apply:- Use terms commonly used in the target language, while being consistent with the original's meaning.- Translate the text accurately, maintaining the same font, size, and color scheme as the original, whenever possible.- Take into account regulatory differences. Parking rules vary from country to country, and it is important to ensure the translated text complies with the local regulations.Examples:- DISABLED PARKING: Translate the phrase "DISABLED PARKING" in capital letters in the target language.- PAY AND DISPLAY: Translate the phrase "PAY AND DISPLAY" in capital letters in the target language.IV. ConclusionIn conclusion, establishing a standardized and effective way of translating traffic-related features in public places is crucial to ensure public safety and convenience. This document providesguidelines for translating signs, lanes, and parking-related elements. It is essential to adhere to the principles of accuracy, clarity, consistency, and cultural sensitivity when translating these elements. By doing so, public places become more accessible, safer, and convenient for all, regardless of language barriers.。
上海市轨道交通线网规划实施评估思路和要点
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上海市轨道交通线网规划实施评估思路和要点金昱【摘要】结合上海市轨道交通线网规划评估工作,搭建线网规划评估的基本框架:按照科学评估、综合视角、战略思维的原则,以指导远景规划和近期实施为目标,评估对象以线网为主,兼顾线、站、场;评估内容包含城市规划、综合交通、建设实施、运营管理、投融资和社会效益等方面;评估方法体现定性定量分析并重、点线面多层次评估及“开门办规划”的要求.同时从评估的客观全面性、时间因素、横向对比等方面提出注意事项,希望对后续线网规划实施评估有所启发.%Implementation evaluation of urban rail transit network planning is still in the exploratory stage in China.Periodical evaluation is helpful for learning experience,and is also an important basis of network revision.First,to carry out implementation evaluation of Shanghai rail transit planning,a basic framework of evaluation is set up.The basic principle of assessment includes the scientific evaluation,comprehensive perspective,and strategic thinking,and the goal of assessment is to guide the long-term planning and the recent construction.During evaluation,great attention should be paid to network assessment,but at the same time,lines,stations and depots should be taken into account.Evaluation content includes city planning,comprehensive transportation,construction,management,and financing and social benefits.Evaluation methods are composed of qualitative and quantitative analysis,combination of macro,medium,and micro-level analysis and an open system.Secondly,some precautions for assessment areproposed,which include overall objective evaluation,time factors,horizontal comparison,etc.【期刊名称】《都市快轨交通》【年(卷),期】2017(030)002【总页数】4页(P1-4)【关键词】轨道交通;线网规划;实施评估;上海市【作者】金昱【作者单位】上海市城市规划建筑设计工程有限公司,上海200040【正文语种】中文【中图分类】U231轨道交通线网规划是指导轨道交通近期建设及中远期发展的重要依据,是城市总体规划中的一项重要专项规划。
交通语言英文作文
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交通语言英文作文1. How do you usually commute to work/school?I usually take the subway to work/school. It's convenient and fast. I live close to a subway station, soit only takes me about 20 minutes to get to my destination. Sometimes, if the weather is nice, I'll ride my bike to work/school. It's a good way to get some exercise and enjoy the fresh air.2. Have you ever had a bad experience while commuting?Yes, I have. One time, the subway was really crowded and I couldn't find a seat. I had to stand for the entire ride, which was uncomfortable and tiring. Another time, there was a delay on the subway and I was late for an important meeting. It was frustrating and stressful.3. Do you think public transportation is reliable in your city?Overall, I think public transportation is pretty reliable in my city. The subway system is well-maintained and runs on a regular schedule. However, there are occasional delays or disruptions due to accidents or maintenance work. It's always a good idea to check the transit website or app for updates before heading out.4. What do you think could be done to improve public transportation in your city?I think there are a few things that could be done to improve public transportation in my city. First, more frequent service during peak hours would help alleviate overcrowding. Second, expanding the subway system to cover more areas of the city would make it more accessible to everyone. Finally, investing in new technology, such as electric buses or self-driving cars, could make public transportation more efficient and environmentally friendly.。
有关交通方式的英语作文点睛之笔
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有关交通方式的英语作文点睛之笔English:In the kaleidoscope of transportation options, each mode tells a unique story of human ingenuity and necessity. From the nimble agility of bicycles weaving through bustling streets to the steadfast reliability of trains traversing vast distances, transportation is the lifeblood of modern society, connecting people, cultures, and economies. Yet, amidst this interconnectedness, each mode harbors its own challenges and advantages. While cars offer unparalleled convenience and autonomy, they also contribute significantly to pollution and traffic congestion. On the other hand, public transportation systems promote sustainability and communal cohesion but often grapple with issues of reliability and accessibility. Moreover, emerging technologies like electric vehicles and autonomous drones promise to reshape the transportation landscape, presenting both opportunities and disruptions. Ultimately, the key to an efficient and sustainable transportation future lies in a balanced integration of diverse modes, coupled with innovative solutions to address their respective shortcomings. By harnessing the strengths of each mode while mitigating their weaknesses, we canpave the way for a more accessible, equitable, and environmentally friendly transportation system that serves the needs of all.中文翻译:在交通方式的万花筒中,每种方式都讲述着人类智慧和需求的独特故事。
介绍城轨交通英文作文
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介绍城轨交通英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改,请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料,如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等,如想了解不同资料格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The city rail transit is really convenient. It can take you to many places quickly.You don't have to worry about traffic jams when you take the city rail transit. It's a great choice for going out.The stations of city rail transit are usually nice and clean. And there are a lot of signs to help you find your way.Sometimes, it can be very crowded on the city rail transit, especially during rush hours. But still, it's better than being stuck in a car.City rail transit also helps reduce pollution. It's good for the environment.。
交通内容简单介绍英文作文
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交通内容简单介绍英文作文英文,。
Traffic is an essential part of our daily lives. It refers to the movement of people, goods, and vehicles from one place to another. There are various modes of transportation, such as cars, buses, trains, airplanes, bicycles, and even walking. Each mode has its advantagesand disadvantages.Personally, I prefer driving my own car because itgives me the freedom to go wherever I want, whenever I want.I don't have to worry about schedules or waiting for public transportation. However, driving can be stressful,especially in heavy traffic. It's important to obey traffic rules and be patient with other drivers.Public transportation is also a popular option, especially in crowded cities. It's affordable and environmentally friendly. I often take the bus or train towork because it's faster than driving during rush hour. However, public transportation can be inconvenient if the schedule doesn't match your needs. You also have to dealwith crowds and sometimes uncomfortable conditions.Bicycles are a great way to get exercise while commuting. I enjoy riding my bike on weekends or for short distances. It's a cheap and eco-friendly option, but it can be dangerous if you're not careful on the road.Walking is the most basic form of transportation, butit's often overlooked. It's a great way to explore your surroundings and get some fresh air. However, walking canbe time-consuming and tiring, especially for long distances.Overall, traffic plays a significant role in our daily lives. It's important to choose the mode of transportation that best suits our needs and to be responsible and considerate on the road.中文:交通是我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
摘要 中文 英文
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摘要本文从高速铁路质量管理的基本概念入手,就高速铁路质量管理的控制方法和内容展开讨论,通过调查和查阅资料分析高速铁路工程的主要问题和影响施工质量控制的关键因素,并针对其存在的主要问题提出解决的方法和措施。
轨道工程施工过程中的施工方法,管理体系和施工工艺都是轨道工程是否取得成功的关键。
从全面的质量管理的方面来看,全员参与,全过程的监控都是质量管理的保证。
所以在质量管理体制、质量管理过程的方面来分析施工活动中出现的问题及难点。
在施工方面通过对轨道工程铺设和轨道施工时存在的问题等方面的探索,在结合石武客运专线的建设,研究了在轨道工程施工过程中应该能提前预见的一些或者可以避免的一些问题。
同时探讨了轨道工程中不平顺的原因,遇到问题的思路,确保轨道建设后的质量安全。
关键词:高速铁路轨道工程质量管理AbstractIn this paper, the basic concepts of quality management to start high-speed rail, the control method and content of the quality management of high-speed rail discussions and access data through surveys analyze the main problems and the high-speed rail project a key factor in the impact of construction quality control and for its existence The main issues raised methods and measures to resolve. Track construction project construction methods, management systems and rail projects are the construction process is the key to success. From the aspect of a comprehensive quality management point of view, full participation, the whole process is monitored to ensure quality management. So in terms of the quality management system in terms of the quality aspects of construction project management and total quality management to analyze quality problems and difficulties that appear in construction activities. In terms of the construction of the rail project by exploring the presence of track laying and construction issues and other aspects of the combination of stone weapons passenger line construction, research some of the issues in the construction process should be able to track projects foreseen in advance some or avoided. Track project also discussed the reasons for irregularities, problems encountered ideas to ensure quality and safety of the track after construction.Key words: high-speed railway track engineering quality management。
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中、英文摘要撰写规范及样例1 摘要的定义摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的、不加评论和补充解释、简明确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。
它用来报道作者的主要研究成果,向读者提供论文中全部创新内容和尽可能多的定量或定性的信息。
摘要重点包括四要素:目的、方法、结果和结论。
2 摘要的撰写原则1)论文摘要包括中文摘要和英文摘要。
一般中文摘要200~400字。
中、英文摘要应一致(意思和内容一致,但无需逐字照译,做到信、达、雅)。
2)文字简明扼要,提取论文中重要内容,不含前言、背景等细节部分,去掉旧结论、原始数据。
采用第三人称表述,不用“我们”“作者”“笔者”“本文”等做主语。
3)摘要不得简单重复题名中已有的信息;不用非公知公用的符号和术语,缩略语、缩写词、代号等在首次出现时必须加以说明;应采用法定计量单位,正确使用语言文字和标点符号;不使用特殊字符,也不使用图表和数学表达式;不列举例证。
3 摘要的四要素1)目的——研究、研制、调查等的前提、目的和任务,所涉及的主题范围。
2)方法——所用的原理、理论、条件、对象、材料、工艺、结构、手段、装备、程序等。
3)结果——实验的或研究的结果、数据,被确定的关系,观察结果,得到的效果,性能等。
4)结论——结果的分析、研究、比较、评价、应用,提出的问题,今后的课题,假设,启发,建议,预测等。
4 关键词关键词是论文的检索标志,是表达文献主题概念的自然语言词汇,一般从论文的题名、摘要和正文中提取。
每篇论文选取3~8个词作为关键词,将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。
首选主题词(索引规范化的词或词组),再选自由词(未规范化的词或词组)。
中、英文关键词分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下,每个关键词之间用分号隔开。
5 英文摘要的写作规范5.1 英文摘要的时态用过去时态叙述作者工作,用现在时态叙述结论。
如:"The structure of dislocation core in Gap was investigated by weak-be am electro microscope.(过去时叙述作者所做的工作)The dislocations are dissociated into two Shokley partials with separations of (80+10) and (40+10) A in the pure edge and screw cases respectively. " (现在时叙述研究的结论)5.2 英文摘要的语态主动语态和被动语态兼用。
1)在表达作者或有关专家的观点时,应用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。
例如:Science (《科学》)杂志的一例Abstract sample (Science, p 503, volume 311, issue 5760)• We report the observation of ……Beyond a critical polarization h, the gas separ ates into a …… The critical polarization diminishes with … We measured…… These results are relevant to predictions ……2)能用主动语态的不用被动语态。
如:"A exceed B" 优于"B is exceeded by A".3)用词要客观平实,避免主观和倾向性色彩的词,不宜使用perhaps, maybe,likely, possible, probably等。
5.3 英文摘要的文体风格1)摘要第一句话切不可与题名(Title)重复。
在EI中每篇摘要记录都是与题名连排的,只是题名用黑体排印,因此可以认为题名便是摘要的第一句话。
2)用重要的事实开头,尽量避免用辅助从句开头。
如:用"Power consumptionof telephone switching systems was determined from data obtained experimentally", 而不用"From data obtained experimentally, power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined"。
3)摘要最好要有具体内容,摘要中不能出现“图××”、“方程××”和“参考文献××”等句子。
对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词,如radar、laser、CAD等,可以直接使用。
对于那些仅为同行所熟悉的缩略语,应在题目、摘要或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
4)组织好句子,使动词尽量靠近主语。
如:不用"The decolorization insolutions of the pigment in dioxane, which were exposed to 10 h of UV irradiation, was no longer irreversible", 而用"When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane, decolorization was irreversible after 10h of UV irradiation"。
5)尽量采用-ing 分词和-ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。
6)不使用俚语、外来语表达概念,应用标准英语。
7)句子结构严谨完整,尽量用短句子。
用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。
但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。
例如,英文中有不少动词,do,run,get,take 等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词,诸如perform, achieve等,以便于读者理解。
8)摘要叙述要简明,逻辑性要强。
9)技术术语尽量用工程领域的通用标准。
10)语言要简练,但不得使用电报语言。
11)文词要淳朴无华,不用多姿多态的文学性描述手法。
12)删繁从简。
如:用"increase"代替"has been found to increase"。
13)摘要中涉及他人的工作或研究成果时,尽量列出他们的名字。
14)摘要词语拼写,用英美拼法都可,但每篇中应保持一致。
5.4 典型句型摘要常用句型大体可归纳为:1)表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首,如:In order to…This paper describes…The purpose of this study is…2)表示研究的对象与方法,如:The curative effect/sensitivity/function] of certain[drug/kit/organ….] was [observed/detected/studied…3)表示研究的结果,如:The result showed/It proved/The authors found that…4)表示结论、观点或建议,如:The authors suggest/conclude/consider that…5.5 英文题名5.5.1 书写格式每个实词的首个字母大写,如:Costs, Risks and Benefits in Publishing。
题名中有冠词,介词,连接词,如若在题名中首字,或在冒号后副标题首字时,首字母要大写;介词多于3个字母时要大写, 如W ith, B etween , A bout。
5.5.2 文章标题的一些讲究1)英文题名开头第一词不得用The, And, An和A。
最好不用这些词:Study ,Investigation, and Observation of/on,An opening A and The…;2)用最少的字词或短语表达主要信息;3)避免缩写,除非普遍知晓的缩写。
6中、英文摘要样例中、英文摘要样例,包括文题、作者姓名、单位、所在城市(非省会城市还要标出省名)、邮编、摘要、关键词。
样例1:城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统分级标准研究刘宏杰,郜春海,刘波,陈黎洁(北京交通大学电子信息工程学院,北京 100044)摘要:结合城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统(MTCS)的发展现状以及将来的技术发展战略,参考欧洲列车运行控制系统(ETCS)和中国铁路列车控制系统(CTCS)分级和标准化的思路,阐述MTCS分级标准建设工作的重要性,对MTCS的分级标准建设方式给出一定的建议。
MTCS体系以车载设备为核心,通过对地面控制设备的扩展以增强系统功能,可以分为1~4个不同的等级。
系统可在低等级的基础上叠加设备来构成高等级的系统,不同等级间的主要差别在于地-车信息传输的方式和系统自动化的程度。
给出MTCS的系统结构和各等级的概述,并对不同等级的功能进行对比。
关键词:城市轨道交通;列车运行控制系统;分级;标准化中图分类号:U231 文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-6073(2017)01-00 -04Study on Classification Standard for Metro Train Control System说明:英文题名的实词首字母大写LIU Hongjie,GAO Chunhai,LIU Bo,CHEN Lijie 说明: 作者姓和名之间用1个空格分开,姓的字母全大写,名的首字母大写,其余字母小写;不同作者之间用逗号“,”隔开(School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044)说明: 作者的单位信息用括号包含,如果是大学,必须先写二级单位,再写大学名称,城市如果不是省会城市的,还需要给出所在省的名称,最后给邮编。
无需给出国家名称。
单位信息的英文同题名要求,实词首字母大写,虚词都小写。
Abstract:Considering the current development situation and development trend of Metro Train Control System (MTCS), the importance of establishing classification standards of MTCS is introduced by referring to the classification and standardization of European Train Control System and Chinese Train Control System. Proposals for the establishing methods of classification standard of MTCS were put forward. With the vehicle on-board controller as the core subsystem, through the expansion of wayside subsystem to enhance the system function, MTCS can be classified into levels 1-4. Devices can be superimposed on the basis of a low level system to form a higher level system. The main difference between different levels is the way of information transmission between vehicle and wayside subsystems and the degree of system automation. The system structure of MTCS and an overview of various levels were presented, and the functions of different levels were compared.Keywords:urban rail transit; Metro Train Control System (MTCS); classification; standardization说明: 英文关键词之间用英文输入状态下的“;”分隔。