10 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)美国文学作家
Not accepted before French symbolists like Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821-1867) and Mallarmé.
Edgar Allan Poe
Literary features of Poe Motifs of Poe’s poems and stories: Love Beauty (supernatual beauty) Death (often of a woman, a lover) Terror Neurotic diorder
Edgar Allan Poe
Emerson dismissed him in three words “the jingle man” (打油诗人)，Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable. And Whitman was the only famous literary figure present at the Poe Memorial Ceremony in 1875.
(1) Forgotten Lore
may be about the occult or black magic
(2) Bar;Eighty by Charles Dickens
at the end of the fifth chapter of Dickens's novel, Grip makes a noise and someone says, "What was that – him tapping at the door?" The response is, "'Tis someone knocking softly at the shutter." Dickens's raven could speak many words and had many comic turns, including the popping of a champagne cork, but Poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities.
美国文学时代人物作品整合
Pre-Romanticism (1770s —— 1830s)James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯.费尼莫尔.库珀（1789 —— 1851）--the first American novelist who used the national theme, depicting theAmerican West Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集：The Pioneers《拓荒者》(1823)The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》(1826) The Prairie《大草原》(1827)The Pathfinder 《探路人》(1840)The Deerslaver《杀鹿者》(1841)Post-Romanticism (1830s —1875)power of imagination：concentrated on human imagination and emotion rather than the intellect Edgar Allan Poe埃德加. 艾伦. 坡（1809 ——1849）an American novelist, poet and criticthe first to create short stories as a writing formforerunner of science fictions, mystery stories and spy fictionsshort stories (1835)：The Masque of Red Death《红死病的假面舞会》The Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍尔厦的倒塌》Poetry ：Walt Whitman 沃尔特. 惠特曼（1819 ——1892）1.the most outstanding American poet in the 19th century2.the first American poet to use free verse（自由诗体）——great contribution to Americanliterature 3.the thought of democracy has been influential in world literature.Leaves of Grass《草叶集》(1855)：“Song of Myself”《自我之歌》the first and the longest poem in Leaves of Grass >American’s greatest book of poems praised as “Democratic Bible”and as American Epicthe lifelong work of Whitman the idea ——liberty, equality, fraternity（博爱）>>>>the Age of Romanticismimportant literary terms:1. Transcendentalism appeared after 18302.Free Versemarked the maturity of American Romanticism has no regular rhythm or line lengththe first renaissance in the American literary history depend on natural speechlaid emphasis on spirit and individual and nature rhythms and the counterpoint（对照法）of stressed andunstressed syllables>>>the Age of RealismAmerican literature between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of World War I The Gilded Age镀金年代Industrialization development of the Far Westthe period of Regionalism（地方主义）Mark Twain（马克.吐温）pen name of Samuel Clemens（塞谬尔·克莱门斯）the first major American writer to be born away from the East CoastThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》(1876)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里. 费恩历险记》(1884):the greatest novel in American literature other works: The Prince and the Pauper《王子与贫儿》（1881）Life on the Mississippi《密西西比河上》（1883）writing style :•peculiarly American sense of humor•outrageous jokes and tall tales in a calm, innocent, matter-of-fact manner•local dialect for comic effect rich in metaphor, newly invented words and drawling rhythm•apparent shrewd social satire>>>poetryEmily Dickinson（艾米莉. 迪金森）an American woman poet•was regarded after her death as a great poet as Whitman in America of the 19th centurywriting style :•poetry mixed gaiety and gloom•verses filled with the names of faraway, exotic places that she visited only in imagination•fascinated by both life and death•brief poems, rarely more than 12 or 15 lines long>>>Modern American LiteratureAmerican literature after World War I:American Literature between World War I and II (1914 ——1945)American Literature after World War II (1945 ——)Modernism（现代主义）•appeared after World War I•cutting off history and a sense of despair and loss•refusing to accept the traditional concept of value and all traditional ideological influencesAmerican Literature between World War I and II (1914 ——1945):Poem (imagists) novel & short story(the Lost Generation) drama (playwright)novelists ——the Lost Generation“迷惘的一代”(1920s)Ernest Hemingway（欧内斯特. 海明威）one of the greatest American writers in the 20th century Nobel Prize winner for literature (1954)The Sun Also Rises《太阳照常升起》(1923) A Farewell to Arms《永别了，武器》(1929)For Whom the Bell Tolls《丧钟为谁鸣》（1940）The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》（1952）American literature of the 1920s: the Lost GenerationJazz Era（爵士年代）Jazz ——a lively, powerful music which was brought by African-Americans who centered in an artistic black community in Harlem（哈莱姆）of New York City>>>dramaEugene O’Neill（尤金. 奥尼尔）the most famous playwright in America leading dramatistthe Nobel Prize winner for literature (1936)Desire Under the Elms《榆树下的欲望》(1924) Mourning Becomes Electra《悲悼》(1931)The Iceman Cometh《卖冰的人来了》(1939) Long Day’s Journey into Night《长夜漫漫路迢迢》(1940) American Literature after World War II (1945 ——)the “Beat Generation”（垮掉的一代）Alan Ginsberg（艾伦. 金斯堡）：Howl《嚎叫》“anti-Beats”writers ——They didn’t accept the life style of the Beats, viewing the world on a comic, absurd light. J. D. Salinger（塞林格）: The Catcher in the Rye《麦田守望者》。
美国文学浪漫主义时期Edgar Allan Poe
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
―我经常沉湎杯中物，但喝 酒并没使我感到半点儿乐 趣。我不惜生命和名声， 不顾理智，一味喝酒，并 非追求乐趣，而是竭力逃 避令人痛苦的回忆，逃避 无法忍受的孤寂，逃避迫 在眼前的大限。”
• A bitter and mysterious death: in 1847, wife died of tuberculosis, in 1849, died in mysterious circumstances
《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》
Part III. Major Works
Short stories
1 MS. Found in a Bottle (1833) 《瓶中手稿》 2 Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque (1839) 《荒诞奇异的故事》 3 The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) 《毛格街血案》 4 The Fall of the House of Usher 《厄舍古屋的倒塌》 5 The Cask of Amontillado 《一桶白葡萄酒》 6 Ligeia 《丽姬亚》 7 The Purloined Letter 《窃信案》 8 The Man of the Crowd 《人群中的人》 9 The Tell-Tale Heart 《泄密的心》 10 William Wilson 《威廉.威尔逊》 11 Black Cat 《黑猫》 12 The Imp of the Perverse 《变态的小鬼》 13 The Gold Bug 《金甲虫》 14 The Mystery of Marie Roger 《玛丽.罗热疑案》 15 The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy)
• Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable.
Life Experience
a miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed
at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
美国文学史整理
附：作者及作品（第一、二册）一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品, 美国第一位作家《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》―A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony‖《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》―A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country‖《弗吉尼亚通史》―General History of Virginia‖2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》―The History of Plymouth Plantation‖3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》―The History of New England‖4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams1．John Cotton第一批知识分子代言人，称为“新英格兰教父”the Patriarch of New England.《开启美国语言的钥匙》‖A Key into the Language of America‖或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or ― A Help to the Language of the Nativ es in That Part of America Called New England ‖5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》‖The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America‖二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。
美国文学 整理
Edgar Allan Po e(1809—1849)A Writer, Poet, CriticThe Tell-Tale Heart 《泄密的心》James Fennimore Cooper (1789 - 1851)The Leatherstocking Tales <<皮袜子故事集>>a way of how to get to the basic truth of the universe.The basic truth of the universe.the senses (the mere appearance of things) or logical analysis.Believes The basic truth of the universe is beyond the knowledge one obtains from the senses or logical analysis.To arrive at the truth, He must listen to his inner soul.Features1.emphasis on spirit/oversoul超灵2. Emphasis on individuals2.3. Taking nature as the symbol of the SpiritRalph Waldo Emerson author, poet, and philosopherfounder of TranscendentalismEm bodied a new nation’s desire and struggle to assert its own identityNatureThe American ScholarHenry David ThoreauNaturalist. Prophet of individualism in American literature; against materialism and social conformitythe truest follower of Emerson. He put into practice many of Emerson’s theories.1.Transitional figure from Romanticism and transcendentalism to realism2.The founder of free versesubject matter: self ordinary people city life revolutionary attitudeTheme:⏹always Whitmanesque love-death motif⏹harmony between man and nature, body and soulLeaves of Grass 12 poems published in 1855Song of myself Masterpiece, 1,346 lines, longestEmily Dickinson (1830-1886) womanPrecursor of the Imagist movement特点：Strong influence of Puritanism on her thoughtexploring human’s inner worldsevere economy of expressionoriginal images unusual audio-visual effectRebellious against traditional Forms“I’ll tell you how the sun rose” 《我会告诉你太阳是如何升起的》“New Feet within My Garden Go” 《我花园里的新脚步》Similarity pioneers in American poetryThematically, extolled, an emergent America, its expansion, its individualism and its Americanness, part of “American Renaissance”.Technically: the literary independence ; breaking free of the convention ; freedom in formdifferences:(1) Whitman : society at large; Dickinson: the inner life of the individual.(2) Whereas Whitman is “national” in his outlook, Dickinson is“regional”( “Because I see New-Englandly” 《因为我用新英格兰眼光看》).(3) In formal terms, Whitman’s endless, all-inclusive catalogs contrast with the concise, direct and simple diction and syntax which characterize Dickson’s poetry. (4) Technically speaking, Whitman’s poetry is “free verse” , Dickenson: other innovation like using punctuationsMark Twain1.Father of American Literature2.Forerunner of 19th Century American Realism3.Humorist4.Local coloristSpecial point of viewSerious social problems discussed through the narration of a little illiterate boy Theme: Conflict between civilization and "natural life"Conflict between slavery and freedomMockery of ReligionMississippi River --The majority of the plot takes place on the river or its banks.The Adventure of Tom SawyerRealismWilliam Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James定义In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Naturalism定义In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man.Representatives: Norris, Crane, London, DresierDarwinismSocial Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in “struggle of the fittest.”The distinction between Realism and NaturalismThe distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerlessPound ImagismHugh Selwyn Mauberley, poems；《休·塞尔温·莫伯利》T. S. EliotA poet, playwright and literary criticEliot shared the modern view that the world is chaotic and its life is futile and fragmentary.Most of his poetry concern various aspects of the frustration and enfeeblement of individual characters caught in a world of aimless circling about, without end or purpose, and the quest for order and disc ipline became Eliot’s major theme, which led him toward conservatism and to religion for salvation.Robert FrostThe most popular American lyrical poet of the 20th century.North of Boston 波士顿以北concerns about nature, philosophy of life and tense of modern life, is a delightful experience to readErnest HemingwayOne of the most famous American novelist, short story writer and essayistThe Old Man And The Sea, 1952 老人与海Steinbeck Great Depression 1930sSteinbeck’s writing reflected his concerns to th e plight of the depressed California farmers, migrants, laborers, and the unemployedThe Grapes of Wrath, 1939 愤怒的葡萄concerns to the plight of the depressed California farmers, migrants, laborers, and the unemployed, making their lives and sorrows very understandable to his readers. William Faulkner Regionalist/ Southern writerFaulkner is the most powerful and eloquent representative of American Southern writers.Light in August 八月之光Absalom, Absalom！押沙龙，押沙龙！Regionalist/ Southern writer concerned in the certain region. American Southern writers mainly write about the history, customs, people and social change of the American South.。
1. 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介A General Introduction to American Literature
Oversea American poets
Ezra Pound, Cantos T. S. Eliot, The Waste Land
New England poets
Robert Frost, “The Road Not Taken”, “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Miniver Cheevy” “Richard Cory”
Literature of Modernism— Drama
History
Though started very late, American drama developed fast in this period
Theme
With social problems as main subject targeted to criticize and expose the dark sides of the society
American Romanticism
Time
The first half of the 19th century
Dominant Thoughts
Domestic Factors Foreign influences
Literary Forms
Essays, poems, short stories and novels
American Enlightenment
Literary Forms
Political pamphlets and state papers
Major Writers:
Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine Philip Freneau, “The Wild Honey Suckle”
整理美国文学史作家作品
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God(best and most representative sermon)
The Freedom of the Will(1754)(masterpiece)
Edgar Huntly(1799)
Ormond(1799)
Aurthur Mervyn(1800)
The Age of Romanticism
The Beginning of American Romanticism 1810 ~ 1840
1.Washington Irving(1783 - 1859)
Edward Taylor
The Age of Reason and Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Paine
John de Crevecoeur
John Woolman
Philip Freneau
Philis Wheatley
Charles Brockden Brown
The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi
The Wild Honeysuckle
6.Philis Wheatley(1754-1784)
The firstblackwoman poet in American literature
On Messrs Hussey and Coffin(1770)
“the American Goldsmith”
The History of New Yorkfrom the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty(1809)
(完整word)整理 美国文学史作家作品
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Edgar Allan Poe
Walt Whitman
Forerunner of the American transcendentalism
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God（best and most representative sermon)
The Freedom of the Will（1754)(masterpiece）
Emily Dickinson
The Age of Realism
William Dean Howells
Henry James
Mark Twain
Stephen Crane
Benjamin Frank Norris
Theodore Dreiser
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Jack London
The Magnalia Christi America
(The Ecclesiastical History of New England）
7.Jonathan Edwards(1703-1758)
America’s first systematicphilosopher
Contributed to “Great Awakening”（1730s—1740s）and “Transcendentalism”
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品美国文学的发展历史虽然只有200多年，但是它在这段时间里所取得的成就却是十分辉煌的。
美国文学业已形成的民族性、时代性和社会性，使它成为世界文学的重要组成部分。
美国文学的发展和美国历史的发展几乎是平行的。
美国殖民主义时期三个代表诗人1.安妮·布雷兹特里特Anne Bradstreet （1612-1672）美国第一位作品得以发表的女诗人。
她出生于英格兰，1630年时随父亲和丈夫来到北美马萨诸塞湾殖民地。
诗的风格与同时代的英国诗人John Donne、Edward Taylor有相似之处。
她最著名的诗集是《第十位缪斯》(The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America,1650)，这也是她生前出版的唯一诗集。
一般认为，她最优秀的诗作，主要收录于她去世后由罗杰斯选编的《布雷兹特里特诗集》(Several Poems 1678)。
《写在我家失火之际》On the Burning of Our House）反映出殖民时期生活的侧面，《灵与肉》（The Flesh and the Spirit）向读者展示了作为一名虔诚的清教徒，在面临新大陆恶劣的生存环境时，诗人内心深处肉体与灵魂、世俗与信仰之间的斗争。
2.爱德华·泰勒(Edward Taylor，1644?-1729年)美国清教派牧师和诗人。
他被公认为美国19世纪前最重要的诗人。
在他有生之年仅发表过两首诗歌，直到1937年人们研究他的手稿时才认识到他那虔诚的诗歌的优美绝伦。
像约翰·多恩和乔治·赫伯特以及其他英国玄学派诗人一样，泰勒擅长运用精心选择的暗喻和丰富而唯美的比喻，也采用日常生活中的寻常措辞和比喻。
《爱德华·泰勒诗集》(1939年)收录了他的杰作，包括写于约1685年的《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》，和写于1682-1726年的《内省录》（Preparatory Meditation）中的部分。
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品(最新整理)
美国各文学时期重要作家及其主要作品美国文学的发展历史虽然只有200多年，但是它在这段时间里所取得的成就却是十分辉煌的。
美国文学业已形成的民族性、时代性和社会性，使它成为世界文学的重要组成部分。
美国文学的发展和美国历史的发展几乎是平行的。
美国殖民主义时期三个代表诗人1.安妮·布雷兹特里特Anne Bradstreet （1612-1672）美国第一位作品得以发表的女诗人。
她出生于英格兰，1630年时随父亲和丈夫来到北美马萨诸塞湾殖民地。
诗的风格与同时代的英国诗人John Donne、Edward Taylor有相似之处。
她最著名的诗集是《第十位缪斯》(The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America,1650)，这也是她生前出版的唯一诗集。
一般认为，她最优秀的诗作，主要收录于她去世后由罗杰斯选编的《布雷兹特里特诗集》(Several Poems 1678)。
《写在我家失火之际》On the Burning of Our House）反映出殖民时期生活的侧面，《灵与肉》（The Flesh and the Spirit）向读者展示了作为一名虔诚的清教徒，在面临新大陆恶劣的生存环境时，诗人内心深处肉体与灵魂、世俗与信仰之间的斗争。
2.爱德华·泰勒(Edward Taylor，1644?-1729年)美国清教派牧师和诗人。
他被公认为美国19世纪前最重要的诗人。
在他有生之年仅发表过两首诗歌，直到1937年人们研究他的手稿时才认识到他那虔诚的诗歌的优美绝伦。
像约翰·多恩和乔治·赫伯特以及其他英国玄学派诗人一样，泰勒擅长运用精心选择的暗喻和丰富而唯美的比喻，也采用日常生活中的寻常措辞和比喻。
《爱德华·泰勒诗集》(1939年)收录了他的杰作，包括写于约1685年的《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》，和写于1682-1726年的《内省录》（Preparatory Meditation）中的部分。
美国文学爱伦坡英文介绍
I. Life Experience II. Major Works III. Literary Position IV. Appreciation V. Comments on Poe
I. Life Experience
➢ His childhood was miserable . He lost both of his parents when he was very young and then he was adopted by a wealthy merchant, John Allan. Poe’s relation with the Allans was unhappy.
15 The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡的化妆舞会》
C:Literary theory
The Poetic Principle <诗歌原理> The Philosophy of Composition
<创作哲学> Review of Twice-Told Tales
“我不在乎我的作品 是现在被人读还是由 子孙后代来读。我可 以花一个世纪来等待 读者。”
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Thank you
1 The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 2 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 3 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 4 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 5 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 6 The Bells 《钟》 7 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 8 To Helen 《献给海伦》 9 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
【美国经典文学】
【美国经典文学】●浪漫主义时期文学经典（1800-1865）欧文Washington Irving爱伦·坡Edgar Allen Poe小说霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne梅尔维尔Herman Melville超验主义爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson梭罗Henry David Thoreau 散文诗歌惠特曼Walt Whitman浪漫主义迪金森Emily Dickinson●现实主义文学经典第一阶段（1865-1918）马克·吐温Mark Twain亨利·詹姆斯Henry James伊迪斯·华顿Edith Wharton杰克·伦敦Jack London德莱赛Theodore Dresier菲茨杰拉德F·Scott Fitzgerald小说（1918-1945）海明威Earnest Hemingway散文诗歌（1918-1945）意象派庞德Ezra Pound斯蒂文斯Wallace Stevens威廉William Carlos William卡明斯E·E·Cummings芝加哥学派与新英格兰学派诗人桑德堡Carl Sandburg弗罗斯特Robert Frost 当代美国文学经典（1945- ）塞林格J·D·Salinger莫里森Toni Morrison一、1800-1865）小说1. 欧文 Washington Irving “睡谷的传说”（The Legend Of Sleep Hollow）欧文：美国文学之父第一个在欧洲也斩获名望的美国作家第一个写作为生的美国作家第一个纯文学作家（Belletrist）笔名：Knickbocker （当时纽约时兴的一种穿衣风格/后成为纽约人的代称）故事的起源：德国民间传说“无头骑士”背景：美国独立战争之后旧传统和新趋势之间的冲突和矛盾（在写作上，所谓的“旧传统”指的是以卡夫卡为代表的“故事中的每一个句子都不是无用的”，新趋势则是“有趣”。
Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦坡 美国文学选读
• Poe was a fascinating man of imagination. Poe was sensitive enough to feel the pressure of a world where science and reason reign supreme, where “there is neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help from pain.”
• II. Life and Career
• Born in an actor and actress’s family – his parents died when he was very young –adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan – entered the Virginia University at 17 – West Point where he began to write poetry – then tales – editor of magazines. • at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia who died very young in 1947
• IV. Poe’s aesthetics
• • • • • • • • • • • 1. Aesthetic writings: The Philosophy of Composition The Poetic Principle 2. Aesthetic ideas: A. Brevity: the poem should be short, readable at one sitting B. Beauty: the chief aim is beauty, namely to produce a feeling of in the minds of the reader The melancholy is the most legitimate of all poetic tones; the death of a beautiful woman is the most poetic topic in the world. C. Purity: Poe is opposed to the heresy of the didactic and called for pure poetry. Besides, he stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or ideas, of poetry.”
(完整版)美国文学欣赏Edgar_Allan_Poe
Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
musical effect of words themselves) • Negligence of so-called truth and social, political and
• A struggling life: in 1833, became an editor of Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, lost the position because of excessive drinking and an inability to meet deadlines, managed to regain the job in 1835, at 27, married his 13 year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, drifted for several years as editors in different magazines but remained poor all his life
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
10 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
Poet
Short story writer Literary critic
Biographical Introduction
Born in Boston In 1809 Parents: traveling actors; died When Poe was a child Adopted by John Allan, a merchant of Virginia Education entered the University of Virginia in 1826, but left a short time later Career got an appointment to West Point in 1831 but was dismissed within a year because of misbehavior For most time in his short life, worked as an editor A great poet, literary critic, and writer of fiction
Contents
Edgar Allan Poe Biographical Introduction Major Works Poe’s Poetic theories Appreciating “The Raven” Poe’s theories of short story Appreciating The Fall of the House of Usher Evaluation of Edgar Allan Poe
Theory of Short Story
美国文学中所有作品!个人整理!强烈推荐!
一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。
本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”2。
美国文学浪漫主义时期Edgar Allan Poe
• • • • • •
Part I. Life Experience Part II Literary Position Part III. Major Works Part IV. Point of View Part V. Style Part VI. Appreciation
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
“The Purloined Letter” （被窃的信件）
Short Stories
• • • • • • • 1. Horror Fiction （死亡恐怖小说） The Fall of the House of Usher The Masque of the Red Death Ligeia The Black Cat The Cask of Amontillado The Tell-Tale Heart
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Life Experience
• A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within two years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father
Life Experience
a miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin was adopted by John Allan an unhappy relationship died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849
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Consonance 和音/辅音韵
the repetition of identical or similar consonants in neighboring words whose vowels sounds are different in a line of poetry e.g. “’Tis some visitor,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamberdoor-”
The following line contains the three terms, can you find them out? “And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” “And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain” “And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain”
Theme “the death of a beautiful woman” is the most poetical topic in the world Beauty and death Atmosphere Dreamy and illusionary
Questions to be discussed
Contents
Edgar Allan Poe Biographical Introduction Major Works Poe’s Poetic theories Appreciating “The Raven” Poe’s theories of short story Appreciating The Fall of the House of Usher Evaluation of Edgar Allan Poe
Short stories
Collections of Short stories Tales of Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) 述异集 Tales (1845) 故事集 Gothic Story Ms. Found in a Bottle 瓶子里的芳德小姐 The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古厦的倒塌 The Masque of the Red Death 红色病的假面 The Black Cat 黑猫 Ligeia 丽吉亚 The Cask of Amontillado 阿芒提拉多的酒桶 Detective Story Murder in the Rue Morgue 莫格街谋杀案 The Mystery of Marie Roget 玛丽· 罗杰之谜 The Golden Bug 金甲虫 The Purloined Letter 被窃的信件
Major Works
Poems
Short stories
Literary critique
Poe’s Collection of poems
1827 Tamerlane and Other Poems 帖木尔 1829 Al Araaf 艾尔· 爱拉夫 1831 Poems 诗集 1845 The Raven and Others 乌鸦及其他诗篇 “The Raven” 1845 “Annabel Lee” 1849 “To Helen” 1831
The Image of the raven
Has become a classic
Prophet, wisdom, messenger of death
Atmosphere
Gloomy and melancholy
Dreamy and illusionary
To Helen
One of the most famous of Poe’s lyric Written in Poe’s passionate boyhood, to the first purely ideal love of his soul Rhyme Scheme: iambic trio-meter; ababb ababa abbab Allusion: Hyacinth (Greek Mythology: Hyacinthus); Naiad (fairy); Psyche (goddess of the soul) Oft-quoted lines “To the Glory that was Greece/ And the grandeur that was Rome” Theme: Pursuit of classic beauty
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
Poet
Short story writer Literary critic
Biographical Introduction
Born in Boston In 1809 Parents: traveling actors; died When Poe was a child Adopted by John Allan, a merchant of Virginia Education entered the University of Virginia in 1826, but left a short time later Career got an appointment to West Point in 1831 but was dismissed within a year because of misbehavior For most time in his short life, worked as an editor A great poet, literary critic, and writer of fiction
In Western culture
The raven Prophet Messenger of God (Bible, Elijah);
Messenger of Ghosts or Death;
God of Death The crow evil omen, death
Figure of speech
the use of Alliteration, Assonance and Consonance Use of Allusion (to Greek Mythology) a bust of Pallas (Stanza 7); Night’s Plutonian (Stanza 8, Line 6)
Artistic Features of “The Raven”
Rhythm
Figure of speech
The Image of the “raven” Atmosphere
Rhythm
typical and strong quality of musical effects Rhythmical within a line, among different lines and stanzas “nevermore” repeating for 11 times
Lecture 10
Edgar Allan Poe
By 张慧 hzhang8311@
Warm-up Questions
Have you ever seen a raven? What’s the Chinese version for it? How about the crow? Are the two the same kind of birds?
Alliteration 头韵
repetition of the initial consonants of words or of stressed syllables in a line of poetry e.g. weak and weary (Stanza 1, Line 1)
Length short, readable at one sitting or as long as “The Raven” Tone Melancholy is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones
Theme and Atmosphere
Theory of Short Story
Length: to be read at one sitting
“the short story, must be of such length as to be read at one sitting (brevity), so as to ensure the totality of impression”
the poem should not bFra bibliotek didactic
calls for “pure” poetry which produces a feeling of beauty in the reader’s mind rhythmical and musical
Length and Tone
The ”Raven” and the “crow” in different cultures
In Chinese culture
The raven: Prophet (Tibet) liar (Yunnan Naxi) The Crow: evil omen, death; Connected with the Sun , “日中金乌”, power
While I nodded, nearly napping….