被动语态的翻译_高中英语
高中英语被动语态知识点
高中英语被动语态知识点语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语被动语态知识,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!高中英语被动语态知识十种常见时态的被动语态1. 一般现在时主动语态:do被动语态:am is are doneWe clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗2. 一般过去时主动语态:did被动语态:was were doneWe cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗?How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱?3. 一般将来时主动语态:will shall do被动语态:will shall be doneWe will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。
英语中被动句的翻译方法
英语中被动句的翻译⽅法(1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。
英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况:一、译成汉语主动旬。
1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。
例如:On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages.《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。
The whole country was armed in a few days.几天以内,全国就武装起来了。
2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。
Another middle school has been set up in our district.我们区又办了一所中学。
1,200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。
3.译成带表语的主动句。
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
In the old society,women were looked down upon.在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。
4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。
以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等不确定主语。
例如:It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses.据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。
It is suggested that meeting be put off tillnext Monday。
有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。
译汉第七讲英语被动语态的的翻译
2、In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.
人们常说,电视使人了解时事,熟悉政治和科 学领域的最新发展变化,并能源源不断地为观 众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
另外,下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻 译:
It is asserted that …有人主张…;
It is believed that …有人认为…;
It is generally considered that …大家(一般 人)认为…;
As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
被动语态的翻译
●被动语态的翻译●英语中的被动语态●被动语态在英语中使用很广,光泛程度远远超过汉语,具体使用情况如下:●在没有必要说出动作的发出者时●H i s f r e q u e n t a b s e n c e f r o m c l a s s m u s t b e d e a l t w i t h i m m e d i a t e l y.●不愿说出动作的发出者时●没有办法说出动作的发出者时◆N o w a d a y s,h e r s o n g s a r e s o p o p u l a r a m o n g t h e y o u n g p e o p l e t h a t t h e ya r e p l a y e d o n t h e r a d i o e v e r y S u n d a y.●在正式的书信或商务信函中,也常采用被动来增强客观性和正式程度◆W e r e c o m m e n d t h a t f u r t h e r s t u d i e s b e c a r r i e d o u t i n t o t h e m a r k e t i n gs t r a t e g i e s b e s t s u i t e d t o d i f f e r e n t E u r o p e a n r e g i o n s.●英语被动句的翻译◆我们在处理英语被动句时,必须根据汉语的表达习惯,尽最大可能译出原文的被动含义。
下面是英语被动句的常见处理方式:●译成被动句●译成主动句●英语被动句的翻译●译成被动句●T h e u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e i n t h a t c o u n t r y i s e x p e c t e d t o r e m a i n s t a b l e f o r2000.⏹该国2000年失业率可望保持稳定。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时,除把it一律省略外,通常有两种处理方法: 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计,美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是,汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如:
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯,想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
被动语态翻译
被动语态翻译被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态。
在被动句中,动作的承受者(即主动句中的宾语)成为句子的主语,而动作的执行者(即主动句中的主语)则成为被动句中的介词短语(通常由介词“by”引导)或省略掉。
被动语态常用于强调动作的接收者或者操纵者的不重要性。
下面是一个关于被动语态的例子:主动语态:John wrote the article.翻译:约翰写了这篇文章。
被动语态:The article was written by John.翻译:这篇文章是约翰写的。
被动语态在以下情况下常常被使用:1. 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。
例如:The car was repaired.(这辆车已经修好了。
)2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者或结果时。
例如:The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
)3. 当我们想避免重复使用主动句中的主语时。
例如:The tickets were sold out quickly.(这些票很快就卖光了。
)4. 在科学或者学术写作中,常使用被动语态来描述实验或研究结果。
例如:The data was collected and analyzed.(数据已被收集和分析。
)被动语态的构成:被动语态的构成方式为:be动词(am, is, are, was, were, been, being) + 过去分词(V-ed)。
例如:主动语态:She opens the door.被动语态:The door is opened by her.被动语态也可以用于不同时态和不同人称,只需要根据上述构成方式进行相应的变化。
例如:主动语态:They will finish the project.被动语态:The project will be finished by them.被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和语境来决定,不适合所有情况。
5被动语态的翻译
It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般 人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周 知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……
3.主语译成宾语 By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.
大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以 二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的(但 二百多比利时人和法国人却为此付出了生命代价)。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 被动语态的时态、
主要体现在be的变化上 , 其形式与系动词 的变化形式完全一 主要体现在 的变化上, 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一 的变化上 样。 [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
• • • • • • • • • •
1. 汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词 汉语句中有“ 遭受” 2. 译成“为……所”的结构 译成“ ……所
译成“ 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
翻译成汉语的主动句 1. “加以”, “经过”, “用……来” Other questions will be discussed briefly. Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
现在完成时被动语态例句及翻译
现在完成时被动语态例句及翻译1.Over time I have been changeda lot.随着时间的推移,我已经改变了很多。
2.Thave been usedin offices and homes since the 1970s.自20世纪70年代以来,它就被用于办公室和家庭。
3.I never forget anything I have been told.我从来不会忘记别人告诉我的任何事情。
4.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for it.自20世纪70年代以来,人们为它找到了许多新的应用。
5.I have also been putinto robots.我也被投入到机器人中。
6.I haveevenbeen putinto space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.我甚至被送入太空火箭,被派去探索月球和火星。
7.My friend has bought a new personal computer.我的朋友买了一台新的个人电脑。
8.The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly.这家商店很快就把我的电脑修好了。
我的电脑很快就被商店修好了。
9.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.My computer had just been attacked by an unknown virus.一种未知病毒刚刚攻击了我的电脑。
我的电脑刚刚被一种未知病毒攻击了。
10.We have not solved the problem yet.The problem has not been solved by us yet.我们还没有解决这个问题。
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法概述
高中英语知识点归纳被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法概述英语中的动词分为被动语态和主动语态。
被动语态强调动作的承受者,而主动语态则强调动作的执行者。
在高中英语学习中,准确地运用被动语态和主动语态是一项重要的能力。
本文将对被动语态和主动语态的区别及用法进行归纳概述,旨在帮助同学们更好地理解和运用这些知识点。
一、被动语态(Passive Voice)被动语态是指动作的接受者或者主体在句子中处于弱势地位,而执行动作的主体则没有明确表示或者放在句子末尾。
被动语态的构成主要由be动词的不同形式加上过去分词(past participle)完成。
被动语态的构成:主语 + be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+ 过去分词例如:- The cake was eaten by me.(蛋糕被我吃了。
)- The book is written by her.(这本书是她写的。
)被动语态的特点:1. 强调动作的接受者,相对主动语态较被动。
2. 句子中的主语通常不执行动作,而是承受动作。
3. 被动语态常用于强调行为的结果或者主语本身不重要的情况。
4. 时态和语态之间的转换需要根据上下文来决定。
被动语态的应用:1. 掌握被动语态的常用时态,如一般现在时态(am/is/are + 过去分词)、一般过去时态(was/were + 过去分词)、一般将来时态(will be + 过去分词)等。
2. 特定情况下需要强调动作的结果或者受事者时,采用被动语态更为得体。
例如:The house was built by the workers last month.(这座房子是上个月工人们建造的。
)3. 注意被动语态的时态和语态转换,合理运用不同的时态来表达不同的动作状态。
4. 被动语态可以通过去掉动作执行者,使句子更加简洁明了,并且避免句子中出现过多的重复内容。
二、主动语态(Active Voice)主动语态是指动作的执行者或者主体在句子中处于主导地位。
被动语态的翻译-图文
由于杰出的研究工作,六位医学科学家荣获了加拿大多 伦
多盖尔德纳基金会的奖金。
等词
• It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream.
2) It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.
正面将进一步加以装修,使之与室内装饰浑然一 体。
二、被动译成汉语主动句 2.1无须加或减词。 • His pride must be pinched.
他这股傲气应该打下去。
2) Increased rate of reaction, in the presence of catalyzers, is called catalysis, or catalytic action.
据信;人们(大家)相信
It is claimed that…
有人(人们0主张;人们要求
It is declared that…
据宣称;人们宣称
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认
It is estimated that…
据估计(推算)
近四十岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意 所
被动语态的翻译 PPT课件
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被动语态的翻译
1.3 译成判断句 有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物的状 态、过程和性质等加以描写,其作用与系表结构类似 , 因此,此 类句式可翻译成中文的判断句。例如: l) Everything in the world is build up from atoms. 世间万物都是由原子构成的。 2) The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。
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被动语态的ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
英译汉时,不少英语被动句被译成汉语主动句,使句
子更符合汉语习惯。 1) Don’t be alarmed if your newborn fails to be startled by loud noises or fails to turn toward sound. 如果你的新生儿听到响声并不吃惊,或者没有把头转 向发出声音的方向,不必慌张。
被动语态的翻译-高中英语
1. 会议定于四月六日举行。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 2. 当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。
______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 4. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 5. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 6. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 7. 已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 8. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 9. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
_____________________________________________________________________________ 10. 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
3英汉被动句的翻译
2.2逻辑意义上的汉语被动句译为 相应的逻辑意义上的英语被动句
(隐性被动句)
1. 他的戏剧不宜上演。 His plays won’t act.
2. 刹车不灵。 The brake does not grip properly.
3. 这套公寓房间每间租金500元。 Each room of the flat lets for 500 yuan.
我做过20年环境保护工作,去过80个国家。在此 期间,有一件事不断给我留下深刻的印象:有一 种资源,它是地球居民的生命所系,是地球居民 的生活所依,这就是水。
1.2英语被动汉语主动
If you are asked personal questions, you need not answer them. 有人问你的私事,你尽可以不回答。
1.1英语被动汉语被动
I was seized with sadness as I thought of how the ancient city had been spared during the Second World War and now might be destroyed by an impending riot. 想到这座古城在第二次世界大战期间幸免于难、 现在却要遭到即将到来的暴乱的破坏,我内心感 到悲伤。
2.1汉语被动英语被动
1. 海外华侨现在不再被人瞧不起了。 Now overseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon.
2. 这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予以处 理。 The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time.
《被动语态的翻译》课件
详细描述
被动语态的定义是指主语是动作的接受者,而不是动 作的执行者。在英语中,被动语态通常以“be”动词 加上过去分词的形式出现,例如“The book was written by the author”。被动语态强调动作和结果 的客观性,使得句子更加简洁明了,同时避免了主观 色彩,使得描述更加客观公正。此外,被动语态还可 以强调动作本身,突出动作的执行者和动作的结果。
被动语态的定义与分类
详细介绍了被动语态的定义、分类以 及在英语和汉语中的表现形式。
语境与文化因素
强调了翻译时需考虑的语境和文化因 素,以及如何处理文化差异。
翻译技巧
总结了被动语态翻译的常用技巧,如 直译、意译、归化与异化等。
常见问题与解决方法
语义偏差
列举了因不理解被动语态 含义而导致的语义偏差, 并给出了相应的解决方法 。
过去分词”等等。
被动语态的分类
要点一
总结词
被动语态可以分为三类,即现在简单时态被动语态、过去 简单时态被动语态和完成时态被动语态。
要点二
详细描述
被动语态可以分为三类,即现在简单时态被动语态、过去 简单时态被动语态和完成时态被动语态。现在简单时态被 动语态表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态,例如 “The book is being written by the author”。过去简 单时态被动语态表示过去正在进行的动作或存在的状态, 例如“The book was written by the author”。完成时 态被动语态表示已经完成的动作或存在的状态,例如 “The book has been read by many people”。
05
被动语态翻译的练习与解析
Chapter
被动语态的翻译
(四)翻译以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常 要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大 家”、“我们”等不确定主语。 · It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses. 据报道,敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。 · It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday. 有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。 · It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors. 众所周知,自然光其实是许多种颜色构成的。
His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all was dark and silent as the grave. ( B.Shaw) 我在那房子前面走了几趟,并在门口停下来听了听;一片 漆黑,沉寂得像座坟墓。 Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books; but love from love, towards school with heavy looks. ( William Shakespeare) 赴情人的约会,像学童抛开书一样; 和情人分别,像学童板着脸上学堂。
A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。
英语被动语态的语用翻译
英译汉时被动语态的基本的翻译方法如下:01直接译为主动语态(1) 译为无主句或添加模糊主语It is said that…据说…Such a conclusion can be drawn…(我们)可以得出这个结论…The boy can be assumed(我们可以)假设这个男孩…有时为了译为明确行文,可以适当添加“我/我们”“人们”等模糊的主语The students were seen reciting the new words and phrases.有人看见学生们在背新单词和短语。
(2) 在主语明确的情况下,保留原句主语。
The food was exhausted only in a few days.食物在几天内就吃光了。
02译为被动语态不能译为主动语态的,可采用中文中的被动语态的句式来译,常见的被动句式有“为…所”“让…给”Unifies our country's condition as our country's historic tradition, causes these to be adopted by us.结合我国的国情以及我国的历史传统, 使这些为我所用。
Her dress was caught by a nail.她的衣服让钉子给钩住了。
03科技文献中译为“能够”“可以”Because it is very slippery,it is used for lubrication.04用“是…的”字句表示被动“是…的”是一种形式主动,实际上是不用“被”字的被动句,例如:War is invented by the human mind.战争是人的智慧发明的。
再如冰心的《梦》,“五色的丝线,是能做成好看的活计的;香的,美丽的花,是要插在头上的;镜子是妆束完时要照一照的;在众人中间坐着,是要说些很细腻很温柔的话的;眼泪是时常要落下来的。
女孩子是总有点脾气,带点娇贵的样子的。
第10章__被动语态的翻译
Practice
The quality of our products has been greatly improved. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. Roger, you are wanted on the phone.
10.2.2 倒译成汉语的无主句 When the anthem had been played, the Congress began. 奏完国歌后,大会开始了。 You are hoped to do it more carefully. 希望你认真一点做。
The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way. 必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全 面发展。 Great strides have been taken in search of a cure, and preventative efforts have also been made. 治疗方面已大有进步,预防方面也做了很大 的努力。
The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。 Problems should be resolved in good time. 问题应该及时加以解决。
10.1.2 顺译成主动句 1. 顺译成形式上是主动,意义上是被动的句 子 He was assassinated in a theater last night. 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。 His leg was broken in an accident. 他的腿在一次事故中折断了。
被动语态的英语例句
被动语态的英语例句
以下是一些被动语态的英语例句以及它们的中文翻译:
1、The book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
2、The room was cleaned by her.
房间是她打扫的。
3、The concert was enjoyed by thousands of people.
数千人欣赏了那场音乐会。
4、The problem was solved by the scientist.
这个问题被科学家解决了。
5、The email was sent by me last night.
这封电子邮件是我昨晚发的。
6、The decision was made by the board of directors.
这个决定是由董事会做出的。
7、The window was broken by the strong wind.
窗户被强风打破了。
请注意,被动语态的基本结构是“be动词 + 过去分词”。
根据时态和主语的不同,be动词的形式也会有所变化。
高中高考英语:被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译英语和汉语两种语言中都存在被动语态。
在英语中,被动语态的使用范围极为广泛,凡是在“不必要说出、不愿意说出或不知道动作发出者”的情况下,均可使用被动语态。
在汉语中也有被动语态,通常通过“把”、“受”、“遭”或“被”等标志词体现出来,但是它的使用范围远远小于英语。
因此,在很多情况下,英语中的被动语态都会翻译成主动结构。
对于英语原句的被动结构,我们一般采取下列的方法:1)翻译成汉语的主动句将英语中的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构时,往往可以分成以下几种不同的情况。
①保留英语原句中的主语。
例如:All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived.当他们到达时,所有的票都售完了。
Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.戏剧将脱胎换骨,变得更为自由,更富想象力。
Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全、甚至对生命本身所构成的危险可以用一个词来概括:辐射。
②将主语翻译为宾语。
在动作发出者不言自明或难以言明时,英语常用被动句。
而汉语在这种情况下,往往需要添加“有人”、“大家”、“别人”、“人们”之类的泛称主语。
例如:I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper.有人告诉我不要相信报纸上的消息。
It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会指出,无线电广播同样也能做到这一点,但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
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被动语态的翻译_高中英语英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则和主动语态来表达。
如:That young man cannot be relied upon。
译成汉语就应该是"那位年轻人不可信赖"或者"我们不能信任那位年轻人"。
如果将此句译成汉语的被动句"那位年轻人不可以被信赖",译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达习惯。
由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。
英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。
相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。
因此,在英译汉时,大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。
英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。
一、译成汉语主动句将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种:(一)保存原文主语当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时,翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。
The meeting is scheduled for April 6th。
会议定于四月六日举行。
Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid。
水能从液体变成固体。
When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place。
当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。
(二)主宾颠倒英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by,翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语,而将原来的主语译成宾语。
She was given a new pen by her father。
她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。
Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change。
这种化学反应能放出热和光。
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us。
现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
有时英语被动句中并未出现by结构,而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。
这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法,将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。
Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country。
我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter。
下一章提供了有关的数据资料。
(三)增加主语有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组,在翻译这类句子时,可适当增添一些不确定的主语,如"人们"、"有人"、"大家"、"我们"等。
The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored。
人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。
She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed。
有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。
What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can changethe world。
我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久记祝然而我们在这儿所做的事,却能改变世界。
二、译成汉语无主句英语中有些被动句不需要或无法说出行为的主体,因此,翻译时往往译成汉语的无主句。
这时,原句中的主语一般译成宾语。
Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly。
已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。
Water can be shown as containing impurities。
可以证明,水含有杂质。
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end。
必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。
三、译成汉语判断句有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作,而着重对事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述,其作用与系表结构类似。
因此,翻译这种英语被动句,经常采用"是。
的"判断句式。
The decision to attack was not taken lightly。
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China。
印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。
The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution。
手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872。
美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
四、译成汉语被动句有些英语被动句着重被动的动作,因此,翻译时仍然可以翻译成汉语的被动句,以突出英语原文的被动意义。
一般说来,被动句指的是具有被动形式标记的句子。
虽然英语被动语态使用范围颇广,但其被动标记却很单一,主要是"be+动词的过去分词"及其变化形式。
另一方面,汉语被动句式使用较少,但其被动标记要繁杂得多。
汉语中表达被动意义的语言手段主要包括使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为。
所、由。
来"等等。
The minister was found to have appropriated government money。
部长被发现挪用公款。
He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office。
他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street。
那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。
He was praised by his teacher。
他得到了老师的表扬。
Problems should be resolved in good time。
问题应及时加以解决。
For a long period to come, most of China's elderly will continue to be provided for by their families。
在未来较长的一段时间里,中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。
五、常用被动句型"It+被动语态+that"的翻译在这种句型中,it是形式主语,that引导出的是主语从句。
汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态,有时还需要增译出泛指性的主语"我们"、"人们"、"大家"、"有人"等等,有时也可译成无主语的汉语句子,并酌情加上汉语介词"根据"或"据"。
It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject。
有人认为,生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。
It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science。
有人强调说,科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域:自然科学和社会科学。
It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation。
应该指出,这一过程就是氧化。
下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法:It is hoped that。
希望,有人希望It is assumed that。
假设,假定It is claimed that。
据说,有人主张It is believed that。
有人想信,大家相信It is reported that。
据报道,据通报It is considered that。
人们认为,据估计It is said that。
据说,有人说It is supposed that。
据推测,人们猜测It has been announced that。
已经宣布It is asserted that。
有人主张It is rumored that。
有人主张It is rumored that。
听说,谣传It is noticed that。
有人指出,人们注意到It is suggested that。
有人建议,建议It is reputed that。
人们认为,可以认为It is learned that。
据说,据闻,已经查明It is demonstrated that。
据证实,已经证明It is estimated that。
据估计,有人估计It is estimated that。
有人指出,人们指出It is pointed out that。
有人推荐,有人建议It is proposed that。
有人提出It was told that。
有人曾经说It was first intended that。
最初就有这样的想法It will be said that。
有人会说It will be seen from this that。
由此可见,因此可知It was noted above that。
前面已经指出It must be admitted that。
必须承认,老实说It has been illustrated that。
据图示,据说明It is stressed that。
有人强调说It is stressed that。
有人列举出了It can not be denied that。
无可否认It can be said without exaggeration that。
可以毫不夸张的说 It is sometimes asked that。