中级口译英译汉真题集

2000.3

Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation. It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are

symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.

信息和交流对现代社会和机构是非常重要的。了解工作环境的一个方法是把一个机构看作一个交流系统。如果一个机构有着公开的交流渠道，内部上下沟通，信息真实可靠，那么它就是颇有工作效能的，在这里工作比在一个企图限制信息交流或进行歪曲和欺骗的机构中工作要好得多。领导如果什么事情都不对员工讲，员工就会对领导不信任。这就破坏了他们的合作。

懂得公开真诚的交流和可靠信息的价值和重要性是不难的。然而，只有极少数的机构可以做到这点。从长远来看，交流不好，会破坏整个机构。限制沟通和曲解信息是短期行为的思路。我们必须避免这些愚昧、短视的陷阱，不断地努力营造一个以客观信息为基础的沟通体系。

2000.9

Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which

indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

儿童学习语言和文化，无须专门编制的教学计划，但他们的学习积极性很高，因为他们获得想要的东西，语言及是最有效的手段。如果一个人十来岁开始学习一门新的语言，日后他就有可能轻松自如地说这门语言。但如果到十六、七岁才学，那么他说话时多半会夹杂一些母语的痕迹。不仅语言学习呈现这种模式，文化特征，如握手、接吻和拥抱，也同样如此。

尽管许多人认为语言存在于词典和语法中，然而事实上语言仅存在于人们的头脑里。文化特征亦然。在没有时间考虑何取何舍而必须作出关键性决定时，如跳入泛滥的河水去救一个溺水的孩子，文化特征会清楚地表现出一个人的价值体系。