形容词与副词用法

语法专题六形容词和副词

[考点解析]

一. 形容词与副词的基本用法

1. 形容词的作用

(1) 用作定语, 当修饰由不定代词one, no, any, some和every构成的复合词, 如anything,

something时, 通常放在所修饰的词后. 如:

She is a beautiful girl.

I have something interesting to tell you.

(2). 用作表语, 与连系动词be, grow, get, become, feel, appear prove, seem, look, keep, smell,

taste, sound, turn, remain等连用. 如:

The desk is clean.

The weather is getting warmer and warmer.

(3). 用作宾语补足语. 如:

The news made every one happy.

I think it very interesting.

(4). 与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物, 在句中可作主语, 宾语. 如:

The rich and the poor live very different lives.

(5). 作状语, 表示伴随状况, 原因, 结果等.如:

He went to bed, cold and hungry.

Mr. White stared into the distance, speechless for a moment.

2. 副词的作用

(1). 副词一般在句中作状语, 修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子. 如:

He had worked hard all his life. (修饰动词)

He is very diligent. (修饰形容词)

You can find books on that subject quite easily. (修饰副词)

Luckily she was in when I called. (修饰句子)

(2). 副词还可作表语. 如:

One of the trees is down.

The train is not in yet.

(3). 有时副词还可用作定语, 一般放在所修饰词的后面, 也可放在前面. 如:

The population here is getting smaller and smaller.

On my way home, I saw an old lady.

(4). 间或副词也构成复合宾语. 如:

I saw you out with Mr Wang yesterday.

(5). 表示位置的副词常与动词构成短语, 有特定的意思. 如pick out, turn up, think over等.

二. 形容词与副词的比较等级

形容词和副词比较级, 最高级的构成:

1. 单音节形容词以及少数以-er, -ow结尾的形容词和副词加-er/-est. 如:great, narrow, fast,

clever.

2. 以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble, -ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后, 加

-r/-st. 如:large, able, simple.

3. 以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词, 其前的元音字母发短元音时, 该辅音字母要双写, 然后

加-er/-est. 如:hot, big, begin.

4. 以辅音加-y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加-ly构成的副词要将y改为i, 再加-er/-est.

如easy, heavy, early.

5. 一般双音节词, 多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most. 如:beautiful, careful.

6. 少数单音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级. 如:tired, pleased.

7. 下列形容词, 副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法.

cruel crueler, cruelest/more cruel, most cruel

often oftener, oftenest/more often, most often

strict stricter, strictest/more strict, most strict

friendlyfriendlier, friendliest/more friendly, most friendly

8. 下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成是不规则的.

good, well better best

bad, ill worse worst

many, much more most

little less least

far farther, farthest/further, furthest

old elder, eldest/older, oldest

9. 多音节形容词和副词在变为比较级或最高级时, 在前边加more, most, 也可加less, least,

这两种方式所构成的比较级和最高级意思相反. 如:

Of the two toys, he chose the more expensive.

在两个玩具中, 他选择了较贵的那一个.

Of the two toys, he chose the less expensive.

在两个玩具中, 他选择了不太贵的那一个.

三. 复合形容词的构成

1.形容词词干+名词+-ed kind-hearted (好心的)

2. 形容词词干+形容词词干red-hot(炽热的), dark-blue (深蓝的)

3. 形容词词干+现在分词ordinary-looking(长相一般的)

4. 副词词干+现在分词hard-working(勤劳的), quick-firing (速射的)

5. 副词词干+过去分词hard-won(得来不易的), newly-made(新建的)

6.名词词干+形容词词干life-long(终身的), world-famous(世界闻名的)

7.名词词干+现在分词peace-loving(爱好和平的)

8.名词词干+过去分词snow-covered(白雪覆盖的), hand made(手工的)

9.数词词干+名词+-ed four-storeyed(四层的), three-legged(三条腿的)

10.数词词干+名词词干ten-year(十年的), two-man(二人的)

形名词基本用法例表如下: