初中被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一) 语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：

一般现在时：am / is / are + done

一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时：shall / will + be done

一般过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时：

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

2. 一般过去时：

(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily.

His lessons were not easily forgotten

3. 一般将来时：

(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

4. 过去将来时：

(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

5. 现在进行时：

(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

(2) We are painting the rooms.

The rooms are being painted.

6. 过去进行时：

(1)The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.

Trees were being planted here this time last year.

7. 现在完成时：

(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

(2)He has brought his book here.

His book has been brought here.

8. 过去完成时：

(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

(2) People had considered him to be a great leader.

He had been considered to be a great leader

(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

(1)You must hand in your compositions after class.

Your compositions must be handed in after class.

(2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.

A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

(五) 被动语态的使用

1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

主语谓语宾语

→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

主语谓语宾语

（2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

→ A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。