口语语料库
汉语口语语料库
汉语口语语料库
汉语口语语料库，以及它可以带来的显著改变
汉语口语语料库是一个专为学习汉语口语而开发的资源库，与传统的书面语言资源库不同，汉语口语语料库专注于收集汉语口语语料，以帮助人学习汉语口语。
这一资源库由多个手动数据库和自动数据库组成，有效地收集具有口语特性的汉语文本，包括日常对话、电话会议、讲座、广播节目等等。
汉语口语语料库通过收集和整理语言特定资源，可以让人们能够更轻松地学习汉语口语，并精确掌握汉语口语的规范用法。
与传统的书面语言不同，汉语口语语料库可以深入挖掘汉语口语中的本地性、时代性、地域性等不同特质。
这使得汉语口语可以更准确地表达语言的思想和文化，有助于扩大汉语口语的普及和使用范围。
汉语口语语料库的存在对汉语教学和研究也有着重要的意义。
除了提供大量具有代表性的汉语口语语料外，它还能够使用户实时获取口语语料并制作自主实践材料，从而有效地提高汉语口语能力。
汉语口语语料库还能为汉语口语研究提供更多的语料，帮助研究者更准确地研究口语结构、表达方式、特有词汇和句法等。
此外，汉语口语语料库的建设还有助于提升汉语计算的精准度，提供更好的汉语语音和语义处理系统，从而为智能语音交互、坐席服务、聊天机器人等技术提供有效支持。
总而言之，汉语口语语料库是一个重要而又有意义的资源库，它不仅使得学习汉语口语更加容易，而且还可以帮助汉语口语研究者获
取丰富的有效语料，同时也为汉语计算提供有效的支持。
汉语口语语料库的逐步完善将会使汉语口语、汉语口语教学和汉语计算得到更大发展，使汉语从一种传统语言转变为一种智能化、高科技语言，为汉语界带来更显著的发展。
hsk口语语料库
hsk口语语料库摘要：一、引言1.汉语水平考试（HSK）简介2.HSK口语考试的重要性3.口语语料库的作用二、HSK口语语料库的构建1.语料来源2.语料筛选与整理3.语料库的分类与标注三、HSK口语语料库的应用1.口语考试命题2.考生培训与评估3.教学与研究四、HSK口语语料库的优势与挑战1.优势a.全面覆盖HSK口语考试范围b.满足不同层次考生需求c.提高考试质量和公正性2.挑战a.持续更新与维护b.保护知识产权c.适应技术发展五、结论1.HSK口语语料库的重要性2.持续优化与发展的必要性正文：汉语水平考试（HSK）是我国针对非汉语母语者设立的一项汉语能力测试，旨在评估测试者的汉语水平。
其中，口语考试是HSK的重要组成部分，对于全面检验考生的汉语实际应用能力具有重要意义。
为此，我国构建了HSK口语语料库，以满足口语考试的需求。
HSK口语语料库在构建过程中，首先对大量汉语口语语料进行筛选与整理，确保其质量与多样性。
然后，根据HSK口语考试的要求，对语料进行分类与标注，方便考生、教师及研究人员查找和使用。
HSK口语语料库的应用范围广泛。
首先，它为口语考试命题提供了丰富的素材，有助于确保考试内容的全面性和实用性。
其次，教师和考生可以通过使用语料库进行培训与评估，提高教学质量和备考效果。
此外，语料库还为汉语教学与研究提供了宝贵资源，推动我国汉语教育事业的发展。
然而，HSK口语语料库也面临着一些挑战。
首先，为了保持语料库的时效性和实用性，需要不断对其进行更新与维护。
其次，在语料库的使用和传播过程中，要充分保护知识产权，遵守相关法律法规。
最后，要适应信息技术的发展，探索口语语料库在人工智能助手、在线学习平台等方面的应用。
综上所述，HSK口语语料库在提高考试质量、促进教学与研究等方面发挥着重要作用。
王陆 口语语料库
王陆的口语语料库是一个针对口语学习的语料库，包含了大量的日常对话和实用表达方式。
通过使用这个语料库，学习者可以熟悉英语口语的常用表达方式，提高口语流利度和准确性。
使用王陆口语语料库的方法可以包括以下步骤：
1.浏览语料库：首先，学习者可以浏览语料库中的常用口语表达
方式，了解它们的意思和用法。
2.学习例句：学习者可以学习每个表达方式所附的例句，了解它
们在真实语境中的使用情况。
3.模仿练习：学习者可以通过模仿例句中的发音、语调和语速，
练习使用这些口语表达方式。
4.创造语境：学习者可以创造自己的语境，使用所学到的口语表
达方式进行对话练习。
5.反馈与调整：在学习过程中，学习者可以得到反馈和建议，以
便更好地调整自己的学习方法和进度。
需要注意的是，虽然王陆口语语料库是一个非常有用的学习工具，但它并不能完全替代其他的学习方法。
学习者还需要结合其他的学习资源和方法，如听力材料、口语练习伙伴、教师指导等，以获得更全面的学习效果。
语料库的分类
语料库的分类一、介绍语料库是指用于语言学研究的大规模文本数据集合，是自然语言处理（NLP）领域的重要资源之一。
通过对语料库的分类和应用，可以帮助我们更好地理解和分析自然语言现象，提高机器对语言的理解能力和处理效果。
本文将介绍几种常见的语料库分类及其应用。
二、基于文本来源的分类1. 平衡语料库平衡语料库是指从各个领域、不同类型的文本中均匀采样得到的语料库。
这类语料库可以用于构建通用的语言模型，对各种领域的文本进行处理和分析。
2. 领域特定语料库领域特定语料库是指针对某一特定领域的语言样本进行收集和整理的语料库。
比如医学领域的语料库可以用于医学文本的分类、信息抽取和实体识别等任务。
3. 实时语料库实时语料库是指根据实时产生的文本数据构建的语料库，例如社交媒体上的实时文本。
这类语料库可以用于情感分析、事件检测和舆情分析等任务。
三、基于语言类型的分类1. 单语语料库单语语料库是指只包含一种语言的文本数据集合，例如中文语料库、英文语料库等。
这类语料库可以用于机器翻译、语言模型训练等任务。
2. 双语对照语料库双语对照语料库是指包含两种语言的文本数据集合，例如中英文对照语料库。
这类语料库可以用于机器翻译、跨语言信息检索等任务。
3. 多语语料库多语语料库是指包含多种语言的文本数据集合，例如欧洲各国的语料库。
这类语料库可以用于跨语言信息检索、语言联系研究等任务。
四、基于文本属性的分类1. 口语语料库口语语料库是指包含口语化文本的语料库，例如电话对话、社交媒体文本等。
这类语料库可以用于语音识别、对话系统等任务。
2. 书面语语料库书面语语料库是指包含书面语文本的语料库，例如新闻报道、学术论文等。
这类语料库可以用于文本分类、信息抽取等任务。
3. 平行语料库平行语料库是指包含相同内容但使用不同语言表达的文本对，例如中英文平行语料库。
这类语料库可以用于机器翻译、句子对齐等任务。
五、应用领域1. 机器翻译语料库是机器翻译系统的重要训练数据来源，通过对平行语料库的分析和建模，可以提高机器翻译的准确性和流畅度。
语料库的分类、创建和检索简述
语料库的分类
语料库的分类
根据不同的标准，语料库可以分为多种类型。常见的语料库类型包括： 1、通用语料库：包含来自不同领域、不同语言的语料，适用于广泛的研究和 应用领域。
语料库的分类
2、专业语料库：针对特定领域或专业构建的语料库，例如医学、法律、金融 等。
3、口语语料库：包含口头语言 材料，如录音、口语表达等。
二、图像分类技术
另外，降维技术也可以用于图像分类。降维技术可以将高维的图像特征降维 到低维的空间，从而使得分类更加简单和高效。常用的降维技术有PCA、t-SNE和 autoencoder等。
三、图像语义检索与分类技术的 研究现状
三、图像语义检索与分类技术的研究现状
近年来，图像语义检索和分类技术的研究取得了显著的进展。在图像语义检 索方面，研究者们提出了多种基于内容、语义相似度和向量空间模型等方法。在 图像分类方面，SVM、神经网络和降维技术等算法的应用取得了重要突破。
一、图像语义检索技术
图像语义检索是指通过自然语言描述或者用户提交的查询关键词，从图像库 中检索出与查询相关的图像。近年来，研究者们提出了多种图像语义检索的方法。
一、图像语义检索技术
基于内容的图像语义检索是通过分析图像的内容，提取出图像的特征，然后 根据这些特征进行检索。例如，可以通过提取图像的颜色、纹理、形状等特征进 行检索。另外，还可以利用深度学习技术，如卷积神经网络（CNN）来提取图像 的特征，提高检索的准确性。
语料库的创建
此外，为了便于语料库的管理和检索，需要构建语料库的索引和词典。索引 可以记录每个单词在语料库中出现的位置和频率，而词典则包含了单词的语义信 息和语法信息等。最后，语料库的创建还需要注意保证数据的安全性和隐私保护。
英语口语语料库
英语口语语料库摘要：1.英语口语语料库的定义和重要性2.英语口语语料库的分类和特点3.英语口语语料库的应用领域4.我国英语口语语料库的发展现状和挑战5.未来英语口语语料库的发展趋势和建议正文：英语口语语料库是指收集、整理和储存英语口语表达的语料库，对于英语学习、研究和应用具有重要的参考价值。
随着全球化的加速和我国英语教育的发展，英语口语语料库在语言学、教育学、人工智能等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。
英语口语语料库可以分为两类：一是按照用途分类，包括通用口语语料库、专业口语语料库和方言口语语料库等；二是按照来源分类，包括自然语料库和人造语料库。
自然语料库是通过收集真实的口语表达而形成的，例如电影对白、新闻报道和日常对话等。
人造语料库则是通过计算机程序生成的，例如机器翻译和语音合成等。
英语口语语料库具有以下特点：一是真实性，反映了英语口语的实际运用情况；二是多样性，涵盖了不同的场景、话题和语境；三是动态性，随着英语的发展而不断更新和扩展。
英语口语语料库的应用领域广泛，包括：语言学研究，如语料库语言学、社会语言学和对比语言学等；英语教育，如教学资源、课程设计和评估标准等；人工智能，如机器翻译、语音识别和自然语言处理等。
我国英语口语语料库的发展现状取得了一定的成果，但仍面临一些挑战。
一方面，我国已经建立了一些规模较大的英语口语语料库，如中国国家图书馆的“英语口语资料库”和上海交通大学的“英语口语语料库”。
另一方面，由于英语口语表达的多样性和复杂性，我国英语口语语料库在收集、整理和储存方面还存在一些困难和问题，例如数据来源不足、语料库规模较小和标准化程度低等。
面对未来，英语口语语料库的发展需要关注以下几个方面：一是扩大规模，提高语料库的覆盖面和代表性；二是完善标准，推动语料库的规范化和标准化；三是融合技术，利用人工智能等技术提高语料库的利用效率和价值。
汉语口语语料库
汉语口语语料库汉语口语语料库是一种由被誉为“现代汉语口语语料库”的学者们收集、整理和归类的语料库，其目的是为了让大家能够更容易地理解汉语的口语表达。
这个语料库由许多类别组成，并由一系列的语料组单元组成，包括形容词、动词、介词、句法、语音、语义等。
这些语料库可以提供给语言学家、教师、语言学习者和其它相关研究者一个完整、系统的口语语料库来了解汉语口语以及在不同情景下汉语口语的语用特性。
汉语口语语料库包含了诸多不同领域的数据，其中一个重要的数据源就是采访数据，研究者可以通过采访、实地考察和实验等方式获取大量的有效数据。
在获取的这些口语数据中，包括不同的地域或者不同的话语体系（例如：官方汉语、方言、普通话等）。
汉语口语语料库的数据不仅用于汉语研究，而且还用于其他语言研究，这些数据被广泛用于语言学、语用学、计算语言学、社会语言学、心理学等各个领域。
研究者们可以借助汉语口语语料库获取探讨汉语口语话语的结构、语法特征、形式特征、用词特征以及其它相关特征等。
另外，这些语料库还可用来研究多元文化背景下汉语口语的变化，以及不同社会语境下汉语口语的变化等。
汉语口语语料库的建立为汉语口语研究提供了一个重要的工具。
由于它的数据来源的多元性，以及它的数据格式的灵活性，研究者们可以很容易地利用这些数据，并得到有效的结论。
例如，研究者可以借助汉语口语语料库来探究不同社会成员之间的沟通，以及汉语口语的同一性与发展。
最后要说的是，汉语口语语料库的建立极大地丰富了汉语口语的研究，它为未来的汉语口语研究奠定了重要的基础。
因此，我们强烈地建议研究人员及教师都应该阅读汉语口语语料库，以使他们能够更深入的了解汉语口语以及汉语口语语料库的研究方法。
托福口语语料库
IBT-speaking独立问题万能语篇语汇：万能素材：（做到熟读，有印象，有话说）1What’ s your favorite color?White:I love the color white because it’ s so clean and pure. When I wear white, I feel very peacefulat heart. But I have to pay attention because it gets dirty so easily. I think a white Tee Shirtand blue jeans are the best combination.black;think black is very mysterious and sophisticated. For a girl, it looks very sexy.And when you wear black you look thinner, because the color is very slimmingBlue:It ’ s the color of the sea and the sky. It’ s also the color of jeans.So I guess in a sense, it’ s a young and free color.Red:Red is the hottest and most enthusiastic color you can ever imagine.And it’ s colorthe of China.Green:The color green reminds me of the nature and the environment.It ’ s the color of Spring when all lives come back around us.So wearing this color, I feel very close to nature.2Do you like the same color now as you did when you were younger?Same:Well, yeah.’ t change.I ’ m a kind of person that likes something and doesnAnd I think the colors of black and white are the most classic.I ’ m a simple guy, so I like simple colors.Changed:I guess it changed. When I was young, I was childish, so I like bright colors, such as light yellowand shiny.There are so many people in the world, about 8-9 billion. But the ones that really matter arefew. But now, I ’ m a 20 years old young man, I re mature,’mandmoso I like more understatedcolors, such as dark blue or deep green.3 What can you learn about a person from the color they like?I think you can tell about a person ’ s personality by his or her favorite colors. For example, if aperson lov es the color red, he ’ s very-goingoutand not afraid to show hisfeelings and emotions. But if a person loves black, for instance, she maybe very reservedand mysterious. She may not want to share too much with others.4Do any colors have special meanings in your culture?I think the colors of red and yellow represent our home country, China,because they’ re the main colors of the national flag.The color red also means happy occasions, such as wedding.I know that the color white means wedding in the west.Yet, the it means death in China.Surprising, huh?5 learning method5.1 Independent learningIn that way, we can keep our own pacing, we can be self motivated, we can discover something new, even something dazzling by ourselves. It give us the sense of achievement, That will be really coo. Plus, there are no interference when we learning by ourselves.so may be it will be more effective and productive.5.2 lecture classreinforce your confidence, know more deeply about the social life, the lecture is a moresystematic learning method, we can get the fresh knowledge from our professors, and theprofessor is more available to us. so it can save a lot of time, maybe that is the so called time effective, and it will be more productive5.3 seminarIn this way, we can get more personal attention, we can exchange ideas, communicateinformation, and share the different learning experiences, that will be really perfect. And during the process of discussion, we can consolidate the specific details and the knowledge that we get from the professor.5.4 class trip/lap tripintegrate theory and reality, make sense of,,,, consodidate,,,,, form interest in learning.6eating in or eating outeating in:when eat at home, we will preper the ingredient by ourselves, it is absolotely more hygienec.and it is a peerless creative process, we can share that wonderful time withe our familymembers. it is a chance for us to relax, to enjoy the cozy atmosphere, and for bonding withour family members. Most importantly, we can enjoy the time without any inteference.( alittle bit time consuming.)eating out:when eat out, the food and the ingredient are questionable, and sometime are a little bit over priced. But, it is time effetive, senice, we can get more dieing experience, enjoy the specialty of the resturant and the ethnic food, even feel the exotic culture and tradition that are different from our country.7multiple choice and the essayquestion multiple choice:it is very logical, and during that process, we can consolidate the specific details and theknowledge that we learn from the class. and we can use some examnation skills like thereasonable guess or the rational guess. But the students can cheat in the exam, so it cannot show the learning result overall.essay question:in this method, we can have more academic freedom, we can combine all the specificdetails and develop our own opinion, even form our personal style. this method will reinforceour originality and the creativity. But, to be successful in this method we have to memorizeand write so very much, it is really a little bit stressful.8traditional newspaper and the internet, tv.newspaper:it is more cost effective, and portable, we can carry it to every where we want, how convincing!and in this way, we can find a life long hobby, the newspaper clipping. you can call me oldfashion, the news is to be read on the paper.internet and the television:it is up to date, and immediate, entertaining, more importantly, the news are live. we can sitwith our feet up, drink a cup of coffee, take the advantages of the broad band service, andthe interactive quality is so cool.9Do you like your job?(incredibly, unbelievably, absolutely, definitely)1 salary (rather fat, rather handsome, sustainable learning, to keep my life style)2 boss (provide lots of opportunities to learning and training, i own my progress to him)3 colleagues (right group of people, we get well unbelievably with each other, hang out togetherafter work, we are friends professionally and socially)4 business trip (very often i travel to different cities or countries, taste various kinds of food, meetvarious people of different race and culture, experience the colorful local custom tradition)5 communication ( near my office it takes me 5 minutes, the travel experience is zero)10What changes took place in education in your country over the past decade?Answer:Well, everything is changing, so is education.The most important change that took place over the past decade is this.10.1 increased admissionIt seems to me that more and more people are now able to go to college while in the pastthe competition was much stronger.College admission is opening up, and this is a direct result of the state policy.The consequence is that many students who have not reached the level ofuniversity education are also allowed to sit in the college classroom, therefore thequality of education has been declining.10.2 master ’ s degree / overseas educationIt is because this problem that an increasing number of people are pursuing more educationafter college graduation.These options include master’ s program and possibly overseas education, just like what Idoing right now.We’ re fed up with the boring routine life in college, and we’ re fighting for a better future forourselves.3. increased tuitionUnfortunately,not every child would have the opportunity to continue their education aftercollege. Why? Simply because going to school is so costly.The tuition has been almost tripled over the past decade and this presented serious financialpressure that some families cannot handle.So some of my classmates have to drop out just because their families ran short of money.Human tragedy!I ’ m lucky. My mom and dad are making enough money, so I can even go to college in Canada. ButI ’ m not taking this for granted, I’ ll be eternally grateful to them.4. Private training institutionWherever there’ s need, there’ s a solution. As more families realized the importance of makingeducation investment in their kids, training demands has been soaring over the past 10 years.Private training institutions such as New Oriental flourished.So as long as you want you willalways find a place to study and a class schedule that fits you. Opportunities for personalimprovement are many.将来 50 年教育会发生什么变化?Question:What change do you foresee in the next 50 years?如何答”将来”题目Wow. 50 years is such a long time.I don ’ t even know if I will still be around in half a centurytime. So this question is kind of challenging. Nobody knows for sure what’ s gonna happen in thefuture, right, because the future is unpredictable. But, let me try to answer this question.1. Education will be a social welfare without any charges.Maybe this is just a Utopian Dream. But I strongly believe, as our society moves forward,education will eventually become a social benefit. Families will not have to pay for education ofthe kids, because when the kids receive good education,the society will be benefited as itreceives a continual wave of talents. It is only fair that the society take out some of the taxrevenue and use it on education for young people. Since tuition is no longer a problem, more andmore people can finally all go to school. This is what I call“ educational equality” .2. Education will become less time-consuming.One day I suddenly realized that each and every one of us spend 20 years or so on education. 20years! That ’ s crazy. Those years are probably the best time in our lives. So if you ask me whatchange do I want to see happen in 50 years time, I ’liked to see education short. I believeeducation can become so efficient and well-designed that we can finish our education from ABCto master ’ s degree in just 10 years time. So by the time a person is 16, he or she will be ready tostart living.3. Education will become a technical evolution. 技术的进化Maybe I ’ veseen too many science fiction movies, but I believe science and technology will revolutionize the way we receive education. And this will happen during the next 50 years. Yousee! We can put all the knowledge of human kind into little computer chips, and we can open asocket to our, I don ’ t know, brain. So every time we want to use a particular knowledge, we just plug it in, you know, like a USB disk. Wouldn ’ t that be cool?4. Science and technology will make it possible for all countries to share education resources. We often say that the world is flat now. What makes it flat? Science and technology,tele- communication, especially internet. So I wouldn ’ t be crazy toinimaginethefuturethat50 years, with the help of internet video conferencing, we can bring the image of a professor of Harvard, Oxford, Cambridge, you name it, into the classrooms in China. Therefore, internationally famous professors and ideas can be shared globally.必背口语作文：（一定要背诵，加油吧！）1法律规则的重要性：people tend to rebel against laws and regulations, because we want to have more freedom.However, we cannot deny the necessity of rules. Without laws, there will be no order in society.And I ’ m not an expert on laws since I’ m not a law student.But I found“ the prohibition of smoking in public places”an incredibly good law.I don’ t know exactly when it was put into practice,but I guess France is the first country in the whole wide world to make such a legislationthat smoking is banned in all public places all over the country.This is a great law for the individual and for the state.I mean, come on, think about it. Smoking is so harmful in so many ways.It causes lung cancer to millions of people every year,and it ’ s totally uncivilized to smoke in public places because other people will be affected by your smoking since your second-hand smoke is everywhere.After smoking, your clothes stink of cigarettes.And it’ s not polite and professional if you go to work covered in the smell of smoke.And smoking is the reason for many fire accidents and disasters every year.(这一段也可以直接用作“不良习惯话题”)Therefore, such is a good law.I don’ t know when such a law will be made in China.But once it is enforced, my country will be a much cleaner place.I know it ’naturals for people to hate any new law since the law brings to people limitation, confinement and restraints.Yet, hey, someone once said, “ Youcan only truly enjoy freedom after you have experienced discipline.”只有受过纪律约束的人才知道自由的真正乐趣. (283 words)2最喜爱的运动：My favorite sport is without a shadow of a doubt basketball.And, funny story, I met a NBA basketball player for the first time in my life at an airport when Iwasn’ t that familiar with NBA.I looked at him and did n’ t know who he wa. Now I think about it, it was Kobe Bryant.Wow! I had no idea! What a waste of opportunity! I mean, Icould i didn ’ t. Ooooh, I hate myself.’ ve asked for an autograph. ButI ’ m a huge fan of the L.A. Lakers. ThereTo start with, it ’dynasty in the forming.Some’ re too manythis. reasons forpeople say that Shaquille O’ nealand KobeBryant, THAT was a dynasty!But I’ m not a big fan of Shaq; I love Kobe.Being a guard, he’ s all around.He scored 81 points back in 2006 in a game against the Toronto Raptors.In 2007, around the same time of the year, he scored more than 50 for four consecutive games.And this year, he’ s taking the Lakers all the way to the Final after beating San Antonio Spurs in the Western Conference Final.And before that they beat Utah Jazz.We often say that there’ s no easy game in the West. And Kobe and his team came all the way. That could only mean one thing-- They ’ re unbelievably good.I play basketball whenever I can. And I even imitate some of Kobe’ s moves.I ’ m notthat tall, but still, I can jump shoot, do the lay-up, and if the hoop is low enough, doa slam dunk.Being a guard is like being a captain of a team.You initiate every attack, you decide the offense strategy. And when you give out assists, youhelping other teammates;when you ’ re hitting three-pointers, you’ re encouraging the whole team. When you do a-uplayina fast break, you’ re pissing off your opponents.The more you play basketball, the more you find theregame.’ s more to basketballphysicalthan just aIt has a mental state to it.How to be selfless, how to contribute to the team instead of just thinking for yourself, how towork with others--these are also questions we have face in real life.The NBA has a catch phrase "i love this game". It is more than i can say about it .And this yeari found it was changed,now it is where the amazing happens! Dave Stern is absolutely a genius!bas provides me more than the excercise, but more importantly the inspiration and encouragementin my life! I love it!!3最喜爱的老师：It ’ s about teachers in our lives.No doubt, teachers are important as they provide not only education but more critically, life guidance.We should always feel grateful to our teachers.Talking about my favorite teacher, there ’nos ne other than Mr. chen, our first mathematics teacherin senior high school.I remember back then, I was so young, so immature, and frankly, alittle bit stupid because I was so lazy at learning. I didn ’ t realize that learning was for my own future. And Mr. Chen totally changed that.His writing on the blackboard was so clean and beautiful that every time he wrote on the blackboardwe enjoyed looking at it so much. Naturally, that increased my interest in learning the subject. Histeaching methodology was so versatile that we never felt bored.It was so fun!He was very different from the other teachers, because he looked very thin,and if he wasany thinner, he wouldn't exist.And he was unbelievably responsible for us.She treated us as her own children.He impacted my life greatly since it was he who showed me that not working hard when you canis a crime.I remember he said to me one day“ We’ re not foolish, we’ re not stupid,and we need to fight for our own future with blood, sweat and tears.”Someone said,a mediocre teacher tells;a good teacher explains;a superior teacher demonstrates;and a great teacher inspires.To me he's the greatest teacher I’ ve ever known.(268words)4 音乐 Music：I love music. I love every last one kind of music.From Jazz to Classical, hip pop to blues, Rock and Roll to Country music.Different music genres create a variety of moods for you.Sometimes, a piece of music can complement a movie so well that you remember the movie andthe song all together.I can remember back then, when I f irst saw the movie“ Titanic” , I was deeply moved by the story.and the song sung by Celine Dion-- “ My heart will go on --made”a great impression to me.it won the Oscar for best original score for a motion picture that year and was played all over theworld.Every where you went you would hear it.Celine Dion sang it so well that you feel like it touched the soft-spot of your soul.Even today, almost 10 years later, it’ s still considered one of the most beautiful songs of all time.I think the song communicates a message that love is universal, and it transcends socialclasses and family backgrounds.And true love is worth dying for.The movie “ Titanic ” won many Oscars that year.And I think this song played a crucial role in themovie ’ s success.(200 words)5 电影（ A Movie: E.T）： .I go to the movies almost once every month, and I have an extensive DVD collection at home.So, it’ s safe to say I’ m a big movie buff.In a sense, movies educate us, inspire us, and provide more life experience to us.My favorite movies are many.And the one that I want to talk about here is E.T., the ExtraTerrestial by Steven Spielberg.I know this movie is very old, more than 20 years I think.But when I saw it last year, I was still quite moved by it.It is about an Alien, E.T. and his friendship with some kids on earth, how they tried very hard/everyeffort to get E.T. home ，how in the process they became very good friends,and how E.T. learned to speak English very fast.This unusual friendship between people of different planets is so unique and so pure.The warmth in that movie makes me feel great, even now the world is with a lot of problems.It ’ s a kind of movie that will put you in a very good mood.And I couldn ’ t help shedding tears when E.T. had to go back to the mother ship and when thelittle girl said goodbye.I was moved by the pureness of their friendship. It restores faith in people ’hearts about truefriendship.And it’ s definitely a movie to watch, a movie to collect and a movie to remember.6 奢侈品（ Luxury）：In many countries and cultures, owing something of luxury is considered a symbol of wealth andstatus.Such luxuries may include a private boat, posh villas, diamond watch and the list goes on.I like expensive things because I believe you get what you pay for, and higher price is usuallyaccompanied by superior quality.I ’ d like to think that one day I can have enough money to afford luxurious things in life.The first extravagant thing I’ d like to own is probably a car.A Lamborghini may be cool.Since I saw it f irst on the magazine and later in the movie“ Mission Impossible III” , I couldn loving it.The exterior and the interior are both of the world’ s highest class. It’ s one fast running m It ’ s born for speed.In addition to the excellent performance, it provides much convenience to the driver too，GPS, automatic air-conditioning, DVD system, hi-fi system,you name it.Another reason why I love it is the sturdy bodywork of the car.Lamborghini makes their cars really strong so when you st, you’restilldrivingfeelquitefa safe.I guess it won’ t surprise people when they discover the price of the car is unbelievably high.It will cost you an arm and a leg to buy it, about 4 million RMB. I don’ t think I will be able toit in a short time.However, I believe people are driven by dreams.’ ll be successful enough to own one.As long as it ’ s a dream for me, one day I (257words)7 电脑（ Computer）：Of all the things I have and had, computer is probably the most important thing in my life.As the world is changing fast, technology is getting more and more cutting edge.Computers are indispensable in everyone’ s life.And there ’ s no need to stress on the significance of computer skills. Computers make things easyand bring about increasingly new possibilities into our lives.Just look at what computers are capable of doing these days.I mean, Wow! Talking about state-of-the-art!Internet brings people closer ，and makes the world smaller than ever before.People can easily talk to each other through on-line chatting programs, no matter where theyare.With a webcam you can see each other’ s faces. And the good news is, it’ s almost free. Plus, internet- shopping is revolutionizing all people’ s lives.On-line shopping websites like E-bay and are getting popular among more andmore people.I got my first laptop back in high school as a prize for my good grades. It was a gray DELL.I used it to collect information about sports and entertainment, beautiful pictures and movieclips.I read English news on line, listen to English music and watch English movies both on and off line.So, if there’ s one thing I love the most, and one thing that benefits my study and life the most, itabsolutely my computer.8 理想住所（ Ideal Home）：My idea of an ideal house is a place with an excellent natural surrounding.I mean I don’ t want to live in the city, with all the hustle and bustle of the city life.I want to be able to enjoy some peace and quiet when I go home.So my ideal home should be in the country.You know, lots of trees, maybe a river, fresh air, clean water, fewer people⋯Make no mistake about it, I’ m not going to live a farmer’ s life.I want my interior dé cor to be posh, trend-setting, and full of technology.I want to have a fully-equipped study, desktop computer, laptop computer, hi-fi system, andmany more appliances.I want a big living room with windows all the way from the ceiling to the floor, all around.So there will be a lot of sunshine and beautiful things to look at.My master bedroom should be spacious, so it will reduce the pressure of mine.I move a lot in my sleep so I want a king-sized bed.I want my interior to be colorful. Just like my life.Full of passion, full of energy, and full of possibilities.I don’ t know when I can own it. But as longas I strive for it, one day it will be mine.(227 words)9 梦想 Dream：This is a very intriguing question.Dream is an excellent thing. It motivates you and keeps you going; it gives you courage and strength. And I believe whatever dream you have, one day it will come true.I saw a movie recently; the name is The American Dreamz.In that movie, everyone wants to become a hit singer through a talent show.Not everyone will win the ultimate title, but the struggle, the hard-work make the exciting.I was inspired by that movie, because I got power from it.Right now, in China, there are also many talent shows like that.And many young people have already made their dreams come true.It ’ s exciting to see their lives now. And I can’ t helpyselfwantingtoo. that for m My dreams are many.I want to own a worldwide company, and be a really good CEO,just like Steve Jobs of Apple Computer.And I love cars, I love driving.I hope one day, I can own my sports car, a Lamborghini, maybe. Yeah! ThatI realize that in order to fulfill my dreams, I will have to go through a difficult process.But hey, I’ m young. I have strong determination and perseverance.I will beat whatever difficulties that may come my way. Impossible is nothing.dream’ s cool, isn’ t iI will turn the impossible into possible.Dreams will come true as long as you believe in it and in yourself.10 一件重要的事An Important Thing in Life / An Important Person around me：Of all the things that happened to me, one thing last year was of the most significance.My grandma passed away last year. She was 85.In my life, she played an irreplaceable role.When I was young, my parents were extremely busy.It was my grandma that took care of me all the time.She attended to all the details in my life.It wasn’ t easy looking after me, I’ ll tell you that.When I was 8 months old, an unfortunate accident happened to me.I was burnt by hot milk. Can you imagine?My grandma took good care of me.I got better so fast because of her care. I owe so much to her.From the time I was born until I became a grown-up, she had always been by my side, loving and caring.Her passing away made me felt great emptiness and loss.I ’ m still adjusting to life without her.I ’ m learning to be strong and learning to take care of myself.In a way, her passing away changed me, helped me to become more mature and responsible.Up until now, that has been the most important thing that happened in my life.I absolutely can’ t forget it, NOT for ever.11 学校My School：In the early part of our lives, we re gonna have’ to go through a number of schools to completeour education.Of all the schools that I’ ve been at, my college, liaoning University played a most important part in making me who I am todayFirst things first, it’ s a huge comprehensivetywithuniversimorethan 26,000 enrolled students.And you can find all majors here, environmental engineering, information technology, English,you name it.The campus is quite big, with more than 500 square kilometers.And it almost feels like a small city with all the infrastructure a person may need for daily life. Accommodation, food court, supermarket, sports ground ⋯The teachers that I had were all responsible for their students and conscientious about their job.There are many foreign teachers here who are willing to help us in and out of class.No doubt, my English improved because of them. My university is my second home.And the four years I studied in it were also the time during which I grew up to be a mature,and independent-thinking person.I found out who I was, who I am and who I want to be in my university.In this sense, the teachers I met, the information I was given to, and the environment I was living inat my university really influenced my life greatly.(227 words)12选课问题： chose the most difficult classes, even it means that you cannot get a very good score.first of all, grade is very important, but it is only part of the enjoyment and the achivement youcan get from the calss.The reason why we go to class, is we want to be infulence by the professor and the students,so to improve ourselves.the students that go to the most difficult class are usually the a s students. You will beputing yourself among the elicits.students of top intellegence, and be around them you will enhance your requirment of yourself. Sequencely and gradually, you will makesteady progress.And the professor teach the most difficult class has to be the best professor at the school.And because only the top students attend the such classes, the professor will not hold backin teaching.He will be more free in challenging the students intellengece.Being in this class, you will have the opportunity to dig up your potential,and you know what, you are much better than all the students that go to a less difficult class.As most people are intimidated by the most difficult class, so very often, you find very fewpeople in the class.What happen next, your professor become more avilible to you, you will get more personal。
常用的英语语料库
常用的英语语料库有以下几个：
英国国家语料库（BNC）：是目前世界上非常有代表性的当代英语语料库之一，收录了1亿字的电子资源，涉及口语和书面英语。
美国当代英语语料库（COCA）：是目前最大的免费英语语料库，包含5.2亿词的文本，由口语、小说、流行杂志、报纸以及学术文章五种不同的文体构成。
密歇根大学学术口语语料库（MICASE）：专注于学术口语，收集了大量学术讨论和讲座的语音转录。
密西根高阶学生论文语料库（MICUSP）：主要收录高年级学生的论文，对于研究学术写作风格和习惯很有帮助。
台湾清大自然语言处理语料库（Linggle）：结合大数据分析，提供了丰富的语料和语言统计信息。
这些语料库各具特色，可以根据具体的研究需求选择合适的语料库。
ig英语口语语料库大全
ig英语口语语料库大全1、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions2、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)3、5．Shanghais is known ________ “the Oriental Pearl”, so many foreigners come to visit Shanghai very year. [单选题] *A．forB．as (正确答案)C．withD．about4、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment5、The sun disappeared behind the clouds. [单选题] *A. 出现B. 悬挂C. 盛开D. 消失(正确答案)6、How _______ it rained yesterday! We had to cancel(取消) our football match. [单选题] *A. heavily(正确答案)B. lightC. lightlyD. heavy7、Growing vegetables（）constantly watering. [单选题] *A. neededB. are neededC. were neededD. needs(正确答案)8、33．Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] * A．goes to see a filmB．go to the filmC．see a film(正确答案)D．goes to the film9、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的10、We need a _______ when we travel around a new place. [单选题] *A. guide(正确答案)B. touristC. painterD. teacher11、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] * Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice12、I think _______ is nothing wrong with my car. [单选题] *A. thatB. hereC. there(正确答案)D. where13、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)14、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night15、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What16、I _______ play the game well. [单选题] *A. mustB. can(正确答案)C. wouldD. will17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would18、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)19、45．—Let's make a cake ________ our mother ________ Mother's Day.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．with; forB．for; on(正确答案)C．to; onD．for; in20、We _______ swim every day in summer when we were young. [单选题] *A. use toB. are used toC. were used toD. used to(正确答案)21、______ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived at the train station for a tour.（）[单选题] *A. FromB. ToC. InD. On(正确答案)22、23．Hurry up! The train ________ in two minutes. [单选题] *A．will go(正确答案)B．goC．goesD．went23、You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____ you won’t pass the course. [单选题] *A. andB. soC. butD. or(正确答案)24、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself25、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long26、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do27、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)28、Many people prefer the bowls made of steel to the _____ made of plastic. [单选题] *A. itB. ones(正确答案)C. oneD. them29、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *A. wasteB. interestC. stress(正确答案)D. fairness30、Sorry, I can't accept your invitation. [单选题] *A. 礼物B. 观点C. 邀请(正确答案)D. 好意。
hsk口语语料库
hsk口语语料库标题：HSK口语语料库：提升口语能力的有效工具引言概述：HSK（Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi）是中国国家汉语水平考试，它在全球范围内广泛使用，旨在评估非母语人士的汉语水平。
除了阅读、听力、写作和阅读等方面的考试，HSK口语也是其中一个重要的考试项目。
为了帮助考生提高口语能力，HSK口语语料库应运而生。
本文将从五个大点来阐述HSK口语语料库的重要性和使用方法。
正文内容：1. 提供丰富的口语素材1.1 提供日常生活话题HSK口语语料库涵盖了丰富的日常生活话题，如家庭、工作、学习、旅行等。
考生可以通过学习这些话题来拓展自己的口语表达能力。
1.2 提供实用的口语场景语料库中还包含了各种实用的口语场景，如问路、购物、点餐等。
通过模拟这些场景，考生可以提高自己在实际生活中的口语应对能力。
1.3 提供丰富的口语表达方式语料库中提供了大量的口语表达方式，包括常用的口语短语、俚语、口头禅等。
考生可以通过学习这些表达方式来丰富自己的口语表达能力。
2. 帮助理解地道的口语表达2.1 提供真实的口语材料HSK口语语料库中的材料都是真实的口语对话，考生可以通过学习这些材料来更好地理解地道的口语表达方式。
2.2 提供多样的口语语音语料库中的材料涵盖了不同地区、不同口音的口语语音，考生可以通过学习这些材料来适应不同口音的听力和口语交流。
2.3 提供常见口语错误的纠正语料库中还包含了一些常见的口语错误和纠正方法，考生可以通过学习这些材料来避免自己在口语表达中常见的错误。
3. 增加口语练习的机会3.1 提供口语练习的题目HSK口语语料库中提供了大量的口语练习题目，考生可以通过完成这些题目来提高自己的口语能力。
3.2 提供口语练习的范例语料库中还提供了口语练习的范例，考生可以通过参考这些范例来提高自己的口语表达能力。
3.3 提供口语练习的评估语料库中的口语练习题目还附带了评估标准，考生可以通过对比自己的口语表达和评估标准来发现自己的不足之处并进行改进。
hsk口语语料库
hsk口语语料库摘要：1.HSK 口语语料库的定义和作用2.HSK 口语语料库的内容和特点3.HSK 口语语料库的应用场景和优势4.如何有效利用HSK 口语语料库提高汉语口语能力正文：一、HSK 口语语料库的定义和作用HSK 口语语料库是指一个专门收集和整理HSK（汉语水平考试）口语相关语料的数据库。
其主要作用是为学习者提供一个真实、丰富的汉语口语环境，帮助他们更好地理解和应用汉语口语，从而提高他们的汉语口语水平。
二、HSK 口语语料库的内容和特点HSK 口语语料库的内容涵盖了HSK 口语考试的各个方面，包括词汇、语法、发音、语调等。
其特点主要表现在以下几个方面：1.真实性：HSK 口语语料库中的语料都来源于真实的HSK 口语考试，保证了学习者能够在真实的语境中进行学习。
2.丰富性：HSK 口语语料库中包含了大量的语料，涵盖了各种不同的话题和场景，能够满足学习者不同的学习需求。
3.系统性：HSK 口语语料库中的语料按照话题和难度进行了分类，方便学习者进行系统的学习和训练。
三、HSK 口语语料库的应用场景和优势HSK 口语语料库的主要应用场景是汉语学习者的口语学习和训练。
其优势主要表现在以下几个方面：1.提高口语实战能力：通过学习和模仿HSK 口语语料库中的语料，学习者能够更好地理解和应用汉语口语，提高他们的口语实战能力。
2.提高口语表达精度：HSK 口语语料库中的语料都是经过严格筛选和整理的，学习者通过学习和模仿，能够提高他们的口语表达精度。
3.提高口语学习效率：HSK 口语语料库中的语料按照话题和难度进行了分类，学习者可以根据自己的需要进行选择和学习，提高他们的口语学习效率。
四、如何有效利用HSK 口语语料库提高汉语口语能力要有效利用HSK 口语语料库提高汉语口语能力，学习者需要做到以下几点：1.选择合适的语料：学习者要根据自己的口语水平和需要，选择合适的语料进行学习和模仿。
2.多听多练：学习者要多听多练，通过反复模仿和练习，提高他们的口语发音和语调。
hsk口语语料库
hsk口语语料库
【原创版】
目录
1.HSK 口语语料库的概述
2.HSK 口语语料库的作用和意义
3.如何使用 HSK 口语语料库进行学习和练习
4.HSK 口语语料库的优缺点分析
正文
一、HSK 口语语料库的概述
HSK 口语语料库是指用于学习和练习汉语水平口语考试（HSKK）的资源库，其中包括了大量的中文对话、句子和词汇。
这些资源对于学习者来说，可以帮助他们更好地理解和掌握 HSK 口语考试的内容和要求，提高口语表达能力。
二、HSK 口语语料库的作用和意义
HSK 口语语料库的主要作用是提供丰富的学习资源，帮助学习者更好地理解和掌握 HSK 口语考试的要求和内容。
通过使用 HSK 口语语料库，学习者可以：
1.熟悉 HSK 口语考试的题型和考试方式；
2.学习和积累常用的中文词汇和表达方式；
3.提高口语表达能力和语言运用能力。
三、如何使用 HSK 口语语料库进行学习和练习
使用 HSK 口语语料库进行学习和练习，可以采用以下几种方式：
1.浏览 HSK 口语语料库中的对话和句子，学习常用的中文表达方式；
2.模仿 HSK 口语语料库中的对话，进行口语练习；
3.使用 HSK 口语语料库中的词汇和表达方式，进行口语练习；
4.结合 HSK 口语考试的题型，使用 HSK 口语语料库进行模拟练习。
四、HSK 口语语料库的优缺点分析
HSK 口语语料库的优点包括：
1.提供了丰富的学习资源，有助于学习者更好地理解和掌握 HSK 口语考试的要求和内容；
2.可以帮助学习者提高口语表达能力和语言运用能力；
3.可以在线使用，方便学习者随时随地进行学习和练习。
语料库的分类及其依据
语料库的分类及其依据语料库（corpus）是指用于语言学研究的大规模文本集合。
在自然语言处理（NLP）和机器学习领域，语料库起着重要的作用。
语料库的分类及其依据多种多样，下面将介绍一些常见的分类及其依据。
1. 根据语料库的来源分类语料库可以根据其来源进行分类。
常见的来源包括书面语料库、口语语料库、网络语料库等。
书面语料库是指搜集和整理的书面文本，如报纸、杂志、书籍等。
口语语料库则是指口头语言的记录，如录音、对话等。
网络语料库则是指从互联网上搜集和整理的文本，如网页、论坛帖子等。
根据来源的不同，语料库的特点和应用也会有所差异。
2. 根据语料库的用途分类语料库可以根据其用途进行分类。
常见的用途包括语言学研究、机器翻译、情感分析等。
语言学研究是指利用语料库来探索语言的结构、规律和演化等。
机器翻译是指利用语料库来训练机器翻译模型，实现自动翻译的任务。
情感分析则是指利用语料库来分析文本中的情感倾向，如判断一篇文章是正面还是负面情感。
3. 根据语料库的语言分类语料库可以根据所涉及的语言进行分类。
常见的语言包括英语、中文、法语等。
根据不同的语言，语料库的建立和应用也会有所差异。
例如，对于英语语料库，可以用于英语教学、英语学习者语言分析等方面。
4. 根据语料库的领域分类语料库可以根据所涉及的领域进行分类。
常见的领域包括新闻、医学、法律等。
根据不同的领域，语料库中的文本内容也会有所差异。
例如，医学语料库中的文本主要涉及医学知识和术语，可以用于医学研究和医学文本自动化处理等方面。
5. 根据语料库的规模分类语料库可以根据其规模进行分类。
常见的规模包括小型语料库、中型语料库、大型语料库等。
根据语料库的规模不同，可以应用于不同的研究需求和任务。
大型语料库通常包含数百万或数十亿个文本，可以用于训练深度学习模型和进行大规模文本分析。
总结起来，语料库的分类及其依据包括来源、用途、语言、领域和规模等方面。
不同的分类方式适用于不同的应用场景和研究需求。
托福task1独立口语语料库
独立语料库1.个人知识有知识→更有能力→解决问题→获取好工作XXX（如：Avariety of courses）helps me to gain more knowledge,which can help me solve a lot of problems and boost my confidence.This will make me more likely to have a good job.词组积累：gain more knowledge：积累知识/solve problems：解决问题boost confidence：增加自信/have a good job：获得好工作例子：I am a senior student who studies in Beijing University(a top university in my country)My university provides me with a platform to learn different knowledge. My major is business management.During the past few years,I have learned some related courses,such as economics,accounting,marketing and so on.All these help to lay a solid foundation for my future career.2.团队知识一起合作→共享→更好解决问题Working in a group allows us to share ideas and learn from each other.We can work together and help each other think outside the box to better solve the problem.词组积累：share ideas：分享想法/think outside the box:突破局限性思维例子：Last time I had an internship in a finance company.My xxx were really nice.If Ihad any questions,I’d just ask them directly without waiting and they would patiently answer my questions.So we worked very well together and always finished the work in a good quality.3.独立能力有机会锻炼独立能力→更好照顾自己，适应环境XXX gives me a chance to be independent.It helps me adapt to a new environment,and overcome different problems on my own instead of relying on others for help.词组积累：adapt to适应／overcome problems:克服困难／rely on others for help：依赖别人When I first came to xxx for study,I felt so homesick and just wanted to go home. But gradually I learned how to take care of myself,keep the room clean,cook anice meal and even fix my own clothes!I definitely became more independent. Homesick:思乡/Take care of myself:照顾自己/Become independent:变得独立4.成功励志遇到困难→积极解决→变得自信Last semester,I joined a speech contest in university.To be honest,I didn’t have any talent in public speaking,but I wanted to challenge myself.Therefore,I spent a lot of time on the practice,such as searching for information,writing my speech, improving my body language and so on.No kidding,I even practiced in the washroom(laugh secretly)!Ok,anyway(sounds natural),in the end,I won the first prize in this competition.Since then,I became more and more confident!Amazing experience,right?5.社会经验积累社会经验→适应社会→突颖而出(XXX is a good chance for me to apply what I’ve learned,better master the knowledge on the subject and solving real problems.It also enables me to accumulate social experience,which helps me better adapt to modern society and allows me to distinguish myself from my peers（脱颖而出).1.文化有机会接触不同文化→拓展视野→多方面看问题→融入新环境XXX gives me a chance to expose myself to a different culture,which expands my horizons and allows me to see things in a different perspective.This helps me adapt to new environments better.词组积累：expose to a different culture:接触新文化／expand horizon:扩大视野see things in a different perspective:多角度看问题例子：Last time I visited India,I was amazed.The way they dress and behave was so different.Their food and customs were also different.They would also shake their head when they mean to say yes!That was very interesting and definitely expanded my horizon.Amazed:震撼／Wear jewelry:穿戴首饰／Pierce nose:穿鼻洞／Shake head：2.钱无收入→省钱／赚钱→经济独立／减轻负担As a student,I don’t have a regular income,so XXX allows me to earn/save money. So that I can do the things I want,become financially independent and reduce family’s financial burden.词组积累：regular income:稳定收入／financially independent:经济独立reduce family’s financial burden:减轻家庭负担3.放松减压有压力→放松→焕然一新，更好集中注意力XXX is a good habit to develop,so when I feel stressed,it helps me to blow off some steam/take a break from study/relax/release pressure,therefore,I can feel refreshed and better focus on my work.词组积累：develop a habit:形成习惯/feel stressed:压力很大/blow off some steam:放松减压refreshed:焕然一新4.长辈帮助多年工作经验→给出有用的建议→更好解决问题+避免不必要的错误Having been working for so many years,XXX are more knowledgeable and experienced.Therefore,they will be able to provide insightful suggestions to help their xxx better solve problems,so xxx can avoid unnecessary mistakes.词组积累：knowledgeable:知识渊博的／experienced:经验丰富的insightful suggestions:有用的建议/avoid unnecessary mistakes:避免不必要的错误I remember the year I graduated from high school.I was very concerned. Fortunately,my XXX helped me figure it out.She told me to follow my interest and shared a lot of her experience with me,she even helped me search for information about the schools online.Now I’m studying at my dream school!5.增进感情有机会一起做某事→share daily life→增进感情Xxx is a good way to connect with family and friends,especially in modern society,everyone is so busy with their work,so XXX provides a chance for us to share our daily life and communicate more frequently,we would have more topics to discuss,therefore it will strengthen our relationship.词组积累：connect with:更好沟通/communicate more frequently：沟通频繁/strengthen relationship:增进感情例子：Music and movie are common topics that I can share with many people.Like my friend Amy and I are both big fans of music.Even though we now both are very busy with study/work,we would still find time to go to a concert together.We would talk about the music all day long.6.艺术灵感有创造力→激发灵感→头脑风暴/突破局限性思维→原创想法+欣赏艺术XXX is a creative form of art,it inspires children to brainstorm and think outside the box,so they will be more likely to come up with original ideas and appreciate the beauty of art.词组积累：inspire:激励／激发/brainstorm:头脑风暴/think outside the box：突破局限性思维come up with:想到/original:原创的/appreciate the beauty of art:欣赏艺术的美例子：I used to learn painting as my hobby.It was very fun to me,like how to use the brush and how to make a new ter,I realized it’s also a good exercise for me to creatively combine different elements together to create my own painting. Use the brush：使用画刷Good exercise:很好的锻炼Combine different elements together:结合不同元素Create my own painting:创造自己的画7.运动没机会做运动→多做运动→健康As a student,I find myself stuck with a lot of homework.So XXX gives me more motivations to exercise more which strengthens my health and improve quality of my life.词组积累：stuck with:忙于/exercise more:更多运动/strengthen my health:增强健康例子：Playing basketball is my favorite exercise.It allows me to stretch my arms and move my body as much as possible,I even need to jump up and down to catch the ball!It’s a lot of exercise but I enjoy the process a lot.Stretch my arms：伸展手臂/Enjoy the process:享受过程8.环境环境污染严重→保护环境→健康／节约资源We suffer severe/serious environmental pollution,XXX protects the environment/ reduces the pollution,which is good for our health and can help save more natural resources.词组积累：suffer serious environmental pollution:环境污染很严重protect the environment:保护环境例子：I remember last time I joined a community activity to plant trees and flowers. Trees and flowers help absorb polluted air and produce fresh air,which is definitely better for local people’s health.And it’s also a good way to beautify the neighborhood,so that people would have a comfortable environment to live in.Community activity:社区活动/Pound of myself:感到自豪/Absorb polluted air:吸收污气Produce fresh air:释放氧气/Beautify the neighborhood:美化社区Comfortable environment:舒适环境9.氛围户外→大自然→新鲜空气，美丽景色XXX is a good chance to explore nature,breathe fresh air,and see beautiful scenery.It is relaxing and I don’t experience it every day,so it is refreshing.词组积累：explore nature:探索大自然/refreshing:使人焕然一新课堂氛围→更好集中→更多动力→提高效率XXX provides me a quiet and comfortable studying/working atmosphere,so Ihave more motivation to work harder.I will focus better,so that I can improve my efficiency and the quality of my work.词组积累：help me focus better:使我更好集中/incentive:动力/improve efficiency:提高效率10.朋友Sometimes I have more in common with our peers than our family members. They are easier to talk to because they are going through similar situations. Therefore,they can better understand me and provide support for me.词组积累：have in common with sb：有共同点/easy to relate to:更好沟通go through similar situations:相同经历/provide support for sb:提供支持11.家人1.Most parents have unconditional love（无私的爱）for their children.When children encounter difficulties,they are always there for them no matter what. This commitment to their children is what makes parents unique to their children.词组积累：unconditional love：无私的爱/encounter difficulties:遇到困难be there for sb:随时支持/commitment:投入／奉献/unique:独特的17.情感支持倾听问题→给予建议→更有动力迎难而上I can hang out with friends who will kindly listen to my problems and give me advice to solve the problems.In this way I will be able to share my feelings and have more motivation to face difficulties head on(迎难而上)/move on.词组积累：listen to my problems:倾听问题/in terms of:在某个方面例子：Last time I failed my TOEFL exam,I felt very frustrated.I stopped my study.But my best friend Amy talked me out of it.She encouraged me to talk about the problems and not to bottle up my feelings.She was such a good listener.I felt very motivated to move on.Talk me out of it:劝服我不要做某事/Talk about the problem:谈论问题Bottle up feelings:压抑情感/Good listener:很好的倾听者18.团队合作一起做某事→有机会锻炼团队能力→跟不同领域人合作Learning a new sport,especially a team sport,is a good way to improve team work and cooperation skills.It also helps me improve my communication with others.All these skills will be useful in other areas of life.词组积累：team work:团队精神/cooperation skill:合作能力/communication：沟通能力traits:性格特征/serve me well in other areas of life:其他领域帮助很大例子1：When we play basketball,we need to discuss a strategy to win like how to defend and how to score.After the discussion,we would need to practice the strategy alot.It takes a long time to prepare for a game but it’s worth it.Strategy:策略/How to defend:防御/How to score:得分例子2:When we prepare for a play,we need to discuss a lot of details like how to set up the play and how to tell the story.After the discussion,we would need to rehearse a lot.It takes a long time to prepare for a play but it’s worth it.Set up the play:布置场景/How to tell the story:叙述故事/Rehearse:彩排19.交友有机会交友→锻炼社交能力→扩大社交网→创造更多机会Living in a new place gives me a chance to know more people from different backgrounds／all walks of life(各行各业),which is a good way for me to practice my social skill,so that I can expand my network and create more opportunities词组积累：people from different backgrounds:来自不同领域的人/all walks of life:各行各业practice social skill:锻炼社交/expand network:扩大人脉/create more opportunities:创造机会例子：Last time I traveled to America,I made so many friends with people from different countries,like Germany,France,Japan,Korea etc.My English was not good but I still managed to talk to them!My social skill has improved a lot. Manage to do sth:成功做某事/Improve social skill：提高社交技能20.高科技/资源丰富资源丰富→找资料方便→省时+提高质量The internet is very resourceful.It allows me to easily locate the information I want,save time and improve the quality of my work.词组积累：resourceful:资源丰富的/locate information:定位信息/improve quality of work:提高质量例子：Last time I had to finish a presentation about American history.At first,I knew nothing about it!Then I turned to internet.There are a lot of articles I can use formy presentation and there’s even a section for me ask questions.In the end,I finished the presentation in a good quality!Know nothing about:什么都不知道/Turn to internet:求助互联网/Section to ask question:提问区域。
雅思口语语料库
雅思口语语料库雅思口语语料库雅思口语考试是衡量一个考生英语口语水平的重要指标，而语料库则是口语考试备考的重要资料。
在备考雅思口语考试时，我们需要有一些好的语料库，这些材料可以帮助我们迅速提升口语表达能力，为我们的口语考试提供更多的素材。
一、语言表达能力相关的雅思口语语料库1. 表示同意的句子当你同意别人的观点时，可以使用以下句子：I couldn't agree more. / I totally agree with you. / Absolutely. / That’s right. / Exactly my point. / You’ve hit the nail on the head. / Precisely. / I’m with you on this one.2. 表示不同意的句子当你对别人的观点持有不同意见时，可以使用以下句子：I see your point, but… / I’m not so sure about that. / That’s not quite how I see it. / I have a different view. / I respectfully disagree. / Hmm, I’m not convinced. / I’m afraid I can’t agree with you on this one.3. 提问和回答在雅思口语考试中，问题和回答的部分非常重要。
以下是一些常用的提问和回答的用语：What do you think about…? / If you had to choose…? / Do you prefer… or…? / What’s your take on that? / Can you give mean example? / What’s your opinion? / Why do you think that is? / That’s a good question. / Well, I think…二、话题相关的雅思口语语料库1. 食物在讨论食物时，以下是一些常用的用语：I’m a big fan of ( Mexican food). / My favorite food is ( sushi). /Have you tried ( dim sum)? / I can’t stand ( spicy food). / I’m not a big fan of (seafood). / I’m trying to cut down on ( junk food). / I think ( Italian cuisine) is the best in the world.2. 旅行以下是一些表达旅行经验和偏好的句子：I’ve been to ( Tokyo) twice. / My favorite place to visit i s ( New York). / I love exploring new cultures. / I’m not a big fan of ( touristy places). / I’m planning to visit ( Australia) next year. / The most memorable trip I’ve ever had was ( backpacking in Europe). / I think the best way to travel is ( to immerse oneself in the local culture).3. 媒介讨论媒介（电影、音乐、电视节目等）时，以下是一些常用的句子：My favorite movie of all time is ( Forrest Gump). / I’m a big fan of ( Adele). / I love watching ( Game of Thrones). / I think the best book I’ve ever read is ( To Kill a Mockingbird). / I don’t really like ( horror movies). / I think ( classical music) is veryrelaxing.以上是一些常用的雅思口语语料库，使用它们可以帮助我们更好地准备雅思口语考试，提高口语表达能力，更好地交流。
语料库的专有名词解释
语料库的专有名词解释语料库（Corpus）是指按照一定规则建立起来的用于研究语言和文字的大型文本集合。
其主要用途是作为语言学和计算语言学研究的基础，通过对语料库的分析和研究，可以更深入地了解语言的特点和规律。
在现代语言学研究中，语料库已成为一种重要的研究方法和工具。
语料库分类1.文本语料库（Text Corpus）：文本语料库是由大量文本组成的语料库，可以包括文学作品、报纸杂志文章、网络文章等。
它能够提供不同领域和不同样式的语言数据，为语言学家和研究者提供了广泛的研究对象。
2.口语语料库（Spoken Corpus）：口语语料库主要收集和整理的是真实的口语对话和会话，它可以更真实地反映人们在交流中使用的语言特点。
比如一些跨国公司使用口语语料库来分析和研究客户的需求，以便开发更适应市场的产品。
3.平行语料库（Parallel Corpus）：平行语料库指的是两种或多种语言的翻译文本集合，可以用于对比不同语言的语法结构、翻译方法和文化差异等进行研究。
平行语料库在机器翻译和跨语言信息检索中起着重要作用。
4.专门领域语料库（Specialized Domain Corpus）：这种语料库主要针对某个特定领域的语言数据，如医学、法律、经济等。
专门领域语料库可以帮助研究人员更好地理解某一领域的特定术语和表达方式，以及该领域中的语言使用习惯。
语料库的应用1.语言学研究：语料库是语言学研究的重要工具之一。
研究者可以通过对语料库中的语言数据进行分析，探索不同语言之间的共性和差异，揭示语言规律和变化趋势。
同时，语料库也可以用于验证和验证语言学理论的有效性。
2.词汇研究：词汇是语言的核心组成部分，语料库可以帮助研究者分析词汇的使用频率、搭配关系、词义演变等。
通过对大规模的语言数据进行统计和比较，可以更准确地了解词汇的含义和用法，对于词汇教学与词汇研究提供了有力的支持。
3.语言技术开发：语料库是训练语言技术模型的重要数据来源，比如自然语言处理、机器翻译、语音识别等。
汉语学术口语语料库的创建与应用研究
语料库语言学 2020年 第7卷 第2期汉语学术口语语料库的创建与应用研究同济大学 韩 毅 刘运同提要：在汉语国际教育的理论研究和教学实践中，汉语学术口语是一个重要的组成部分，然而目前该领域的研究和探索十分有限。
本文使用LancsBox平台搭建了规模达86,395字的试验性汉语学术口语语料库。
在语料采写的过程中，通过运用语音识别技术，再结合文本人工校对，大幅提高了采写的工作效率。
语料处理方面，在参考各类标注系统的基础上，研究采用XML格式，标注了停顿、重复、口误、填充词、未完句和替换等口语现象。
同时，利用所搭建的汉语学术口语语料库，本文对汉语学术口语的一些典型特征开展了初步研究。
在词频统计和词语分布分析的基础上，本文还完成了汉语学术口语中的自然停顿单位分析及其分布统计，发现自然停顿单位的长度集中在1—15个音节的区间上。
关键词：汉语学术口语、语料库创建、汉语国际教育1. 引言在汉语国际教育的研究与教学实践中，生活汉语、通用汉语的教学与研究较多，学术汉语的教学与研究较少，汉语学术口语的教学与研究更少。
无论是在英语作为第二语言还是汉语作为第二语言的研究领域，目前语料库的建设都呈现出书面语语料库较多、口语语料库较少的局面。
本文希望通过创建小型试验性汉语学术口语语料库，为进一步创建大型口语语料库，特别是学术口语语料库的探索提供工具和方法方面的支持。
利用所搭建的汉语学术口语语料库，初步统计分析所选取语料的停顿单位、词频分布、语义关联以及特殊句式等研究课题，为汉语学术口语研究、口语研究提供语料基础和方法借鉴。
2. 汉语学术口语语料库的设计和研制2.1 语料的采集和转写语料的采集是搭建任一类型语料库的基础工作。
本文所进行的汉语学术口语语料库的搭建是一项试验性的、先导性的研究，并未按照随机抽样或一定规则的韩 毅 刘运同分类抽样选择语料，而是依据便利性原则，选取了网易公开课平台上的“南昌大学公开课：现代汉语与社会生活”1的视频作为语料的主要来源。
雅思写作口语之考官观点语料库整合
雅思写作口语之考官观点语料库整合平常要多积累一些雅思口语素材，考试才能更顺当拿高分哦。
我今日和大家共享simon自己整理的关于各种雅思写作高频话题(其实口语也适用)的观点语料，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
你的雅思写作口语提分最佳伴侣考官观点语料库：广告1.Positives of AdvertisingAdvertising is a key part of modern businessCompanies need to tell customers about their productsAdvertisements inform us about the choices we haveAdvertising is a creative industry that employs many peopleWithout advertising we would have less choiceWithout advertising there would be higher unemploymentAdvertising is a form of modern artPeople enjoy adverts2.Negatives of AdvertisingAdvertising manipulates peopleIt aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happierAdvertisers focus on selling a brand imageThey use glamorous, successful peopleWe now live in a consumer cultureWe are persuaded to follow the latest trendWe are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status Advertisers often aim their marketing at children Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.Children put pressure on parents to buy them things3.Opinions about AdvertisingAdvertising should be regulatedAdvertising aimed at children should be controlled or even bannedUnhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts childrenProducts that can be risk to healthy should display warningsIn some countries it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on televisionWarnings must be displayed on cigarette packetsHowever, advertising is necessary in free market economiesIt creates demand for productsGovernments should only censor false information or products thatare harmful4.广告相关真题广告的作用If the product is of good quality and meets people’s needs, people will buy it. Therefore, advertising is unnecessary and is no more than a type of entertainment.是否该禁止一切广告Society would benefit from the ban on all forms of adve雅思写作口语提分最佳伴侣考官观点语料库：城市1.Reasons for Urbanization城市化People move to cities in search of job opportunitiesCities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of livingPeople migrate to cities from the countrysideTraditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays2.Negatives of City Life都市生活负面Life in cities has its drawbacksThe cost of living is higher than in rural areasSome people d not manage to find workHousing is usually much more expensiveHomelessness and poverty are common on citiesThere is a gap between rich and poorLife in cities can be extremely stressfulThere are problems like traffic congestion and crimeCities lack a sense of communityPeople do not even know their neighborCities are sometimes described as “concrete jungles”.3.Pedestrian Areas 步行区Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environmentBanning cars encourages people to walk or cycleMany European cities have built bicycle lanesDependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesityPeople who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthierPedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists4.相关雅思真题城市规划City planners locate schools, offices, hospitals and homes in specific areas which are separated from each other. To what extent do you think the advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages?城市化带来的问题/大城市的问题The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities has become a major trend in recent years. What are the problems with this trend? Give your suggestions about how to solve it.rtising because it may serve no useful purpose, and can even be damaging. To what extent do you agree or disagree?广告是否让人们变得一样Advertisements discourage us from being different individuals and make us become what they want us to be and look the same. Do you agree?雅思写作口语提分最佳伴侣考官观点语料库:gender性别Gender观点语料Gender and education性别与教育Men and women should have access to the same educational opportunitiesMales and females should be accepted onto courses according to their abilitiesIt is wrong to discriminate against students because of their gender Gender should be irrelevant in educationStudent’s achievements should depend on hard work and individual merit In the UK, there are similar numbers of male and female students in higher educationGender and work性别与工作Men and women should have access to the same professional opportunitiesBoth man and women should be able to pursue a careerThey should earn equal salariesThey should be employed according to their abilities, qualifications and experienceTraditionally women have been restricted to certain rolesThey were often employed as secretaries or receptionistsNowadays, a range of occupations is available to both sexesCareer success depends on individual meritWomen’s and Men’s roles in the Family男女在家庭中的角色Some people argue that a mother should not workShe should stay at home and bring up her childrenThe father should be the breadwinner of the familyOthers believe that both parents should share these responsibilitiesWorking women can take maternity leave during and after pregnancyMany mothers continue to work after this periodMany fathers and mothers share their parenting and domesticresponsibilitiesThey contribute equally to childcare, cooking and cleaningSome women many have better career prospects than their husbands.Paternity leave and “househusbands” are becoming more commonTraditional gender roles and gradually changingFamilies can divide roles and responsibilities in the most convenient way.相关雅思写作真题：女性和男性是否擅长不同的工作Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you agree or disagree?女人领导社会Throughout history, male leaders always lead us to violence and conflict. If a society is governed by female leaders it will be more peaceful. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?。
口语语料库
口语语料库一、引言随着语言学研究的不断深入，口语语料库作为研究语言实际使用的重要资源，越来越受到学者们的关注。
口语语料库收集了大量的自然口语数据，为研究者提供了真实、客观的语言材料，有助于揭示语言的本质特征和使用规律。
本文将对口语语料库的定义、类型、构建方法以及应用价值进行深入探讨。
二、口语语料库的定义与类型1. 定义：口语语料库是指收集、整理、标注和存储大量自然口语数据的电子数据库。
这些数据通常来源于日常生活中的对话、访谈、演讲等场景，反映了语言的实际使用情况。
2. 类型：根据研究目的和数据来源的不同，口语语料库可分为多种类型。
例如，通用口语语料库旨在反映一般人群的口语特征，而专门领域口语语料库则侧重于特定领域或行业的语言使用。
此外，还有多模态口语语料库，它不仅包含文本数据，还融合了音频、视频等多种模态信息。
三、口语语料库的构建方法1. 数据收集：口语语料库的数据收集通常采用录音、录像等方式进行。
为了确保数据的真实性和自然性，研究者需要在不干扰说话者的情况下进行录制。
此外，还需要注意保护说话者的隐私和权益。
2. 数据整理：收集到的原始数据需要进行整理，包括去除噪音、切割对话片段、标注说话者信息等。
这一过程需要借助专业的音频处理软件和标注工具来完成。
3. 数据标注：标注是口语语料库构建中的关键环节。
它涉及对文本进行词性标注、句法分析、语义角色标注等多个层面，以便为后续的语言学研究提供丰富的信息。
标注过程需要遵循一定的规范和标准，以确保数据的准确性和一致性。
4. 数据存储与管理：口语语料库的数据量庞大，需要采用高效的存储和管理方式。
通常，研究者会使用关系型数据库或非关系型数据库来存储数据，并设计合理的查询和检索机制，以便快速访问和提取所需信息。
四、口语语料库的应用价值1. 语言学研究：口语语料库为语言学研究提供了丰富的实证材料。
通过对语料库中的数据进行深入挖掘和分析，研究者可以揭示语言的音系、词汇、句法、语义等各个层面的特征和规律。
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Part2 pop person
A popular person that I want to say is Jinxing, who is a very famous ballerina and modern dancer in China. A lot of people knew her started from the news that she became one of the first few transsexuals to be recognized as a woman by the government in China.
事实上，我对她不了解，直到我看了2017年她在达沃斯世界经济论坛上的一个采访视频才逐渐加深对她的认识。
她当时在和另外两位主持人讲述变性相关的话题，场下还
有很多商业精英和嘉宾们听着她的讲话。
乍一眼看，我觉得她不就是和其他杂志上的
成功人士差不多嘛。
然而，对于同性的话题，她的谈吐和率真的讲话真的打动到了我。
我相比在场的各位和我一样，起初都是对这些问题怀有偏见，但是听了她的讲话感觉
这些偏见烟消云散。
Actually, I wasn’t familiar with her until I saw a video clip in which she was being interviewed by the media in the World Economic Forum in 2017. She was talking something about the transgender issues with many people. At first , I thought she was just another successful person like what we read in the magazines. However, the way she talks and those true of homosexuality really touched me. I guess everyone were the same, you know, the prejudice that was deeply rooted in our heart about LGBT and things like soon gone with the wind.
我觉得她受欢迎的一个原因就是她很勇敢地绕过重重障碍，作为一个榜样或者楷模，
帮助了其他和她类似的人突破传统的束缚。
The reason why I think she is so popular in china and abroad is that she has been brave enough to step out of the obstacles that she got and set an example, as a role model actually, for those who are struggling with those sensitive issues in a traditional cultural environment.
当谈话结束的时候，每个到场的嘉宾都站了起来，为她鼓掌。
是的，我觉得她值得大
家的尊敬。
她的个人生活可以说是改变了很多中国年青一代人的思想观念。
生活中我
们会遵行传统和保守的观点，但是生命同样也只有一次，你得活得像你想要的样子吧，不是吗？
When the dialogue finished, everyone stood up and gave her a great round of applause. Yes, I assume that she deserves it. Her personal life has definitely changed the view of love, marriage, and life principles of the whole young generation in China.Life i s with traditions and conservative things, but it’s about the life that you could only live once.
A good parent
well I’d like to talk about the mother of a good friend of mine, and the reason for choosing to talk about her is that my friend is always talking about how lucky he is to have such a nice mum. From that, I’d say he’s absolutely right!
Anyway, as for how I know her, it’s basically due to the fact that I went to the same school with her son. And when we became pretty good friends, we often we nt over to each other’s homes.
Regarding what his mother looks like, she actually looks similar to my own mother, because they both have a quite round face and long hair. The difference is, he’s mother often ties her hair up, but my mother usually keeps it down.
I think she’s a good parent, the reason is that she’s always been very supportive to her son. And just give you an example, when he was deciding what major to study at university, he ended up choosing music. But his mother gave him her full support, which is impossible for other parents would have done, because music doesn’t really useful for their future career.
Accually, Nowadays, many parents persuade their children to do things which they think are the best for them, but my friend said that his parents have never persuade him like this , especially his mother. So I think its really great.。