高中英语动词的时态和语态学案及专题训练

高中英语动词的时态和语态专题训练题
【网络构建】
动词时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架。

因此时态与语态也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。

英语有十六种时态，但常考的主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时及完成进行时等。

语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。

（一）时态概念
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。

英语中有十六种动词时态形式，
（二）时态的运用
1．现在时等表示将来时
【重点提示】用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中：if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。

在上述从句中如果主句是将来时（往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

如：
I’ll not go to his birthday party unless I’m invited.
Tell him the news as soon as he comes back .
有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语），但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。

如：
The meeting begins at seven .
The train starts at nine in the morning .
当主句是过去将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。

如：
He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work.
上述从句中还用现在完成时表示将来完成时，此时强调从句动作在主句之前发生。

如：
You can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作业再出去玩。

)
2．过去时在语境中的运用
【重点提示】在没有明确时间状语的情况下，考生对过去时的判定往往会失误，原因是只凭汉语直译而不看语境。

语境中的过去时往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。

如：
I never thought he would do that .
3.现在完成时与一般过去时
【重点提示】考生很容易将现在完成时误用为一般过去时，原因是没有深刻领会“现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响”这句话的含义。

一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。

如：
---Where have you put the recorder? I can’t find it anywhere!
---I put it right here , but now it’s gone .
问句用现在完成时，表明说话者在找录音机，希望对方告诉他录音机在哪里。

而答语用过去时，因为“录音机已经不见了”。

“刚才”把录音机放这儿与“现在不见了”没有直接关系。

4．某些固定的句式中的时态
【重点提示】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。

1）This / It is / will be the first / second ---time +that 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。

如：
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
2）It is / has been + 一段时间+since 从句。

Since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。

如：
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time .
3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”。

如：
I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。

如：
They were playing football when Jack shouted in pain .
5) Hardly had ---done ---when--- ; No sooner had --- done ---than---
when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。

如：
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down .
No sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces .
6) It + be +一段时间+before 从句
该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。

如：
It wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=He will soon succeed.)
It was ten years before they met again .(=They met again ten years later.)
5.现在完成进行时
【重点提示】现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。

事实上现在完成进行时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，一般可换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。

如：
He has taught English for 10 years.
也可说成: He has been teaching English for 10 years .
下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。

如：
Where have you been ? I’ve been telephoning you the whole morning !
He’s been talking to me since this morning .
6.非延续性（终止性）动词怎样表示一段时间
【重点提示】非延续性动词有mary , die , close , arrive , post , come , fall , leave, go , break , give , join , jump , receive, buy , borrow , become , start , begin , graduate等。

这些非延续性动词如果用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for ---, since ---连用。

如：
可以说：I have bought an Audi car.
不可以说：I have bought an Audi car for a year.
如果要表示一段时间，句中不能用终止性动词，一定要用相应的延续性动词。

如：
I have had an Audi car for a year.
也可以用以下方式：
I bought an Audi car a year ago .
It’s / has been a year since I bought an Audi car.
二、语态
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。

被动语态由be动词+动词过去分词构成，时态通过be 的变化形式来体现。

如：
The bridge is being built now .
He was asked a lot of questions at the meeting .
动词say , believe , report , announce , suppose ,know ,consider ,hope 等以it 作主语时用被动语态，后面接that 从句。

如：
It is said that our football team has won the game .
【重点提示】英语中有时用主动形式表示被动含义，主要有以下三种情况：谓语动词、非谓语动词和介词短语。

(一)用谓语动词的形式表示被动含义
1．表示状态特征的连系动词look , sound , feel ,smell , taste , prove, appear+形容词/ 名词构成的系表结构。

The steel feels cold.
His plan proved (to be )practical .
2.表示“开始”、“结束”、“运动”的动词，如begin , finish , start , open , close , stop , end , shut ,
run, move.
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning .
The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day .
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write ,act , sell , wash , clean ,open ,
cook,lock ,shut ,dry ,eat , drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加上一个修饰语。

如：
This coat dries easily .
The pen writes smoothly.
4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。

如：print , build , cook , fry ,
hang ,make .
The books are printing .
（二）用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义
1.want , need , require 作“需要”讲时，后用动名词的主动形式表被动含义，这时动名词
同句子的主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。

如：
The house needs / wants / requires repairing .
2.形容词worth 后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义
This problem is well worth considering .
The close game is worth watching .
3.不定式在某些形容词（difficult ,easy ,hard ,comfortable , pleasant , fit ,unfit , light ,
heavy ,good , safe ,dangerous ）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 如：The question is difficult (for me )to understand .
She is easy (for people )to get along with .
4.不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语后
宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式表被动含义。

如：
I have a lot of work to do this evening .
5.在there be 句型中修饰主语的动词不定式用主动形式和被动形式皆可。

在口语中多用主
动形式。

如：
There are many things to do / be done .
6.不定式to let , to blame 等表示被动意义。

如：
The car is to let. (汽车出租。

)
专题知识练习--动词时态和语态
1、Unfortunately,when I dropped in,Doctor Li for Beijing to join in the fight against SARS,so
we only had time for a few words.
A、just left
B、has just left
C、is just leaving
D、was just leaving
2、----If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy,I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
----What a pity!Tina here to see you.
A、is
B、was
C、would be
D、has been
3、This is one of the oldest temples in China.It the 9th century.
A、is dated from
B、is dated back to
C、was dated from
D、dates back to
4、The fact he didn’t recognize me means that I a lot in the past few years.
A、that;changed
B、which;had changed
C、when;changed
D、that;have changed
5、Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside, in the clothing
industry.
A、is working
B、works
C、work
D、worked
6、Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know
what she .
A、has done
B、had done
C、was doing
D、is doing
7、----Why didn’t you turn up at the meeting?
----I for a long—distance call from my cousion in England.
A、waited
B、had waited
C、was waiting
D、have been waiting
8、Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which the Pacific,and we met
no storms.
A、was called
B、is called
C、had been called
D、has been called
9、----We that you would fix the radio this Tuesday.
----I’m awfully sorry,sir.I to do so,but you see,I’ve been too busy.
A、had expected;had meant
B、expect;want
C、expected;intend
D、am expecting;have intended
10、The TV play isn’t interesting enough .
A、to watch
B、to watch it
C、to be watched
D、watching
11、----Let’s see if the baseball game has started yet.
----Started?It must be clear who by now.
A、is winning
B、wins
C、has won
D、would win
12、----Are you still busy?
----Yes,I my work,and it won’t take long.
A、just finish
B、am just finishing
C、have just finished
D、am just going to finish
13、----Hi,Tracy,you look tired.
----I am tired.I the living room all day.
A、painted
B、had painted
C、have been painting
D、have painted
14、The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006.
A、has been completed
B、has completed
C、will have been completed
D、will have completed
15、he will return to his native land.
A、It is long before that
B、It is before long that
C、It won’t be long before
D、It will be before long that
16、His wife to catch the first train but she was too late.
A、hoping
B、had hoped
C、has hoped
D、would hope
17、Tom said he to her,but he yet.
A、will write;didn’t
B、has written;hasn’t
C、was going to write;wasn’t
D、would write;hasn’t
18、With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth each year.
A、is washing away
B、is being washed away
C、are washing away
D、are being washed away
19、----What’s wrong with your leg?
----I got injured in a car accident.
----I suppose you too fast.
A、were driving
B、had driven
C、had been driving
D、have driven
20、----Does Liu Hua serve in the army?
----No,but he in the army for three years.
A、served
B、has served
C、is serving
D、would serve
21、----This returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
----Yes,I know him very well.He in Africa with animals for eight years.
A、has worked
B、had worked
C、worked
D、has been working
22、The naughty boy!He where he leaves his things.
A、always forgets
B、will always forget
C、is always forgetting
D、has always forgotten
23、The price ,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A、went down
B、will go down
C、has gone down
D、was going down
24、The country life he was used to greatly since 1992.
A、change
B、has changed
C、changing
D、have changed
25、----Do you know our town at all?
----No.This is the first time I here.
A、was
B、have been
C、came
D、am coming
26、Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near
future.
A、being cut
B、are cut
C、to be cut
D、are being cut
27、----Have you brought the camera?
----Oh,my poor memory!I before leaving home.
A、mentioned
B、had been mentioned
C、have been mentioned
D、have mentioned
28、Now that she is out of a job,Lucy going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.
A、had considered
B、has been considering
C、considered
D、is going to consider
29、Listen to the two girls by the window.What language ?
A、did they speak
B、were they speaking
C、are they speaking
D、have they been speaking
30、----Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
----Oh!I thought they without me.
A、went
B、are going
C、have gone
D、had gone
31、We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July,and by then we for six weeks.
A、are walking
B、have been walking
C、will be walking
D、will have been walking
32、She a secretary for five years,but now she is a manager of a big store.
A、is
B、was
C、had been
D、has been
33、No one this building without the permission of the police.
A、is leaving
B、is to leave
C、has left
D、will be leaving
34、It long before China on the moon.
A、will not be;will land
B、is;will land
C、will not be;lands
D、is;lands
35、----What about the books?
----Books of this kind well.
A、sell
B、sells
C、are sold
D、is sold
36、I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs,but .
A、I’m not invited
B、I have not been invited
C、I was not invited
D、I will not be invited
37、I would be sitting in a comfortable office now if I more energies to my study instead of
being crazy about going online at college.
A、devoted
B、would have devoted
C、were to devote
D、had devoted。