英美文学选读3

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英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读-阶段测评3成绩：87.5分一、Multiple Choice 共40 题题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s novels( )are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A、The Rainbow，Women in LoveB、The Rainbow，Sons and LoversC、Sons and Lovers，Lady Chatterley’s LoverD、Women in Love，Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P370.para2）劳伦斯的成名作是《儿子和情人》，而其代表作是《虹》和《恋爱中的女人》标准答案：A考生答案：A本题得分：2.5 分题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分T.S.Eliot’s poem( )is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream - of -consciousness technique,also a prelude to The Waste Land.A、“Prufrock”B、“Gerontion”C、The Hollow MenD、Lyrical Ballads（P358.para3）“Gerontion”是一部用戏剧式独白写成的诗歌，是《荒原》的前奏曲，也采用了意识流派的文风。

标准答案：B考生答案：B本题得分：2.5 分题号: 3 本题分数:2.5 分wrence’s autobiographical novel is( ).A、The RainbowB、Women in LoveC、Sons and LoversD、Lady Chatterley’s Lover（P369.para1）劳伦斯的作品大多都是从心理上去探求让人的本能的，同时也反映人性中最内在的东西。

其作品《儿子和情人》真实地反映了自己在童年时期的家庭状况，被视为其半自传体小说。

英美文学选读自考题-3

英美文学选读自考题-3(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events EXCEPT ______.A. the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureB. the vast expansion of British colonies in North AmericaC. the new discoveries in geography and astrologyD. the religious reformation and the economic expansion（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：主要考查的知识点为激发文艺复兴的历史事件。

文艺复兴是由一系列的历史事件激发、推动的，其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现，地理天文领域的新发现，宗教改革及经济发展。

2.The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. SurreyB. WyattC. BlakeD. Milton（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：主要考查的知识点为十四行诗的领导人物。

怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进美国，而萨里引进了无韵体诗，他们共同开创了英国式的十四行诗。

3.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are all the following EXCEPT ______.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：主要考查的知识点为文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家。

自考《英美文学选读》（美）现代文学时期（3）

The major writers of the Modern Period Ⅰ。

Ezra Pound （1885-1972）⼀。

⼀般识记 Ezra Pound's contribution to American literature： Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time and he was regarded as the father of modern American poetry. He is a leading spokesman of the "Imagist Movement"， which though short-lived， had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. ⼆。

识记 His major works： Pound composed poems， wrote criticisms and did translations. （1） His poetic works： In 1915 Pound began writing his great work， The Cantos， which spanned from 1917 to 1959 and were collected in The Cantos of Ezra Pound （1986）。

He joined a famous literary salon run by an American woman writer Gertrude Stein， and became involved in the experimentations on poetry. His other poetic works include twelve volumes of verse Collected Early Poems of Ezra Pound （1982）， and Personae （1909）， and some longer pieces such as Hugh Selwyn Mauberley （1920）。

英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译

英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译A Song : Men of England给英格兰人的歌By Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Men of England, wherefore ploughFor the lords who lay yelow? Wherefore weave with toil and careThe rich robes your tyrants wear?英格兰的人们，凭什么要给蹂躏你们的老爷们耕田种地？凭什么要辛勤劳动纺织不息用锦绣去打扮暴君们的身体？Wherefore feed and clothe and save From the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat-nay, drink your blood? 凭什么，要从摇篮直到坟墓，用衣食去供养，用生命去保卫那一群忘恩负义的寄生虫类，他们在榨你们的汗，喝你们的血？Wherefore ,Bees of England, forge Many a weapan, chain, and scourage, That these stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil?凭什么，英格兰的工蜂，要制作那么多的武器，锁链和刑具，使不能自卫的寄生雄蜂竟能掠夺用你们强制劳动创造的财富？Have ye leisure, comfort ,calm,Shelter ,food, love's gentle balm?Or what is it ye buy so dearWith your pain and with your fear?你们是有了舒适，安宁和闲暇，还是有了粮食，家园和爱的慰抚？否则，付出了这样昂贵的代价，担惊受怕忍痛吃苦又换来了什么？The seed ye sow, another reaps;The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears.你们播下了种子，别人来收割；你们找到了财富，归别人占有；你们织布成衣，穿在别人身上；你们锻造武器，握在别人的手。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(3)-3

自考《英美文学选读》（英）浪漫主义时期（3）-32. 识记His Literary CareerIn 1807, a volume of Byron’’s poems, Hours of idleness, was published. In 1809, he wrote a satirical reply to a harsh review in the Edinburgh Review in heroic couplets, entitled English Bards & Scotch Reviewers. The publication in 1812 of the first two cantos of Childe Harold’’s Pilgrimage, a poem narrating his travels between 1809 & 1811 in Europe, brought Byron fame. In the following two years. He had written a number of long verse-tales, generally known as the Oriented Tales, with similar kind of heroes. In 1816, he wrote the third canto of Childe Harold & the narrative poem The Prisoner of Chillon. From 1816 to 1819, he produced, among other works, the verse drama Manfred (1817), the first two cantos of Don Juan (1818-1819), & the fourth & final canto of Childe Harold (1818)。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)文艺复兴时期(3)-2

自考《英美文学选读》（英）文艺复兴时期（3）-24. 领会His Major Works1) DramaA. The Merchant of Venice Theme：to praise the friendship between Antonio & Bassanio，to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty，wit & loyalty，& to expose the insatiable greed & brutality of the Jew. Plot：The play has a double plot (P39)B. HamletHamlet is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage，for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller & a philosophical exploration of life & dea th. And the timeless appeal of this mighty drama lies in its combination of intrigue，emotional conflict & searching philosophic melancholy.The play opens with Hamlet，Prince of Denmark，appearing in a mood of world-weariness occasioned by his father’s recent death & by his mother’s hasty remarriage with Claudius，his father’s brother. While encountering his father’s ghost，Hamlet is informed that Claudius has murdered his father & then taken over both his father’s throne & widow. This，Hamlet，is urged by the ghost to seek revenge for his father’s “foul & most unnatural murder.” Trapped in a nightmare world of spying，testing & plotting，& apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death，Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world，to live suspended between fact & fiction，language & action. His life is one of constant role-playing，examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility，for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger. By characterizing Hamlet，Shakespeare successfully makes a philosophical exploration of life & death.C. The TempestThe Tempest，an elaborate & fantastic story，is known as the best of his final romances. The characters are rather allegorical & the subject full of suggestion. The humanly impossible events can be seen occurring everywhere，in the play. The play wright resorts to the supernatural atmosphere & to the dreams to solve the conflict. To Shakespeare，the whole life is no more than a dream. Thus，The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life & society in his late years.2) PoemsA. SonnetsThe first 126 sonnets are apparently addressed to a handsome young nobleman，presumably the author’s patron. The poems express the writer’s selfless but not entirely uncritical devotion to the young man.Twenty of the sonnets are about a young woman characterized as a “ dark lady，” whom the poet distrust but cannot resist. The poems addressed directly to her are perhaps the most remarkable in the sequence because their unsentimental tone is unlike that of traditional love sonnets.A philosophical theme that appears in many of the sonnets is that of time as the destroyer of all mortal things. Also expressed in the poems is the author’s disillusionment with the false ness of earthly life.The form of the poems is the English Variation of the traditional Italian，or Petrarchan，sonnet，Shakespeare’s sonnets have three quatrains，or groups of four lines，& a final couplet. Their rhyme scheme is abab，cdcd，efef，gg. A theme is developed & elaborated in the quatrains，& a concluding thought is presented in the couplet.B. Other poemsV enus & Adonis，in which Shakespeare made his first bid for literary patronage & fame，is a conventional Elizabethan narrative poem. Its mythological story，taken from Ovids Metamorphoses，tells of the passionate love goddess who woos the reluctant youth Adonis. The Rape of Lucrece，another narrative of passion，is based on the semi historical story of the rape of a chaste Roman matron by Tarquin，son of the king of Rome.。

英美文学选读美国3.The Modern Period

●The Modern Period1. After the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of Modernism including stream of consciousness appeared. What is stream of consciousness?In Joyce's opinion, the artist, who wants to reach the highest stage and to gain the insights necessary for the creation of dramatic art, should rise to the position of a god-like objectivity; he should have the complete conscious control over the creative process and depersonalize his own emotion in the artistic creation. He should appear as an omniscient author and present unspoken materials directly from the psyche of the characters, or make the characters tell their own inner thoughts in monologues. This literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters is usually termed as "stream of consciousness”.2. How did “The Lost Generation" come into existence in the literary history of the United States? What does the term “The Lost Generation" mean? Who were the leading figures of this literary movement? (Give at least two)When the First World War broke out, many American young men volunteered to take part in "the war to end wars" only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of though and expression. These writers were named by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, “The Lost Generation". Among the greatest figures in "The Lost Generation" are Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Robert Frost, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and William Faulkner.◆Robert Lee Frost(The Road Not Taken//Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening)1. Frost's poem are mostly concerned with his contemplation on nature and the relationship between nature and man. What is the characteristic of Robert Frost's poetry?By using simple spoken language and conversational rhythms, Frost achieve an effortless grace in his style. He combined traditional verse forms---the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse----with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. In verse form he was assorted; he wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse, and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both, in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 2. Comment briefly on Robert Frost’snature poetry.A. Unlike his contemporaries in the early20th century, Robert Frost did not break upwith the poetic tradition nor made anyexperiment on form. Instead, he learnedfrom the tradition, especially the familiarconventions of nature poetry and ofclassical pastoral poetry, and made thecolloquial New England speech into apoetic expression.B. Many of his poems are fragrant withnatural quality. Images and metaphors inhis poems are drawn from the simplecountry life and the pastoral landscape thatcan be easily understood. But it would be amistake to imagine that Frost is easy tounderstand because it is easy to read.C. Profound ideas are delivered under thedisguise of the plain language and thesimple form, for what Frost did is to takesymbols from the limited human world andthe pastoral landscape to refer to the greatworld beyond the rustic scene.D. These thematic concerns include theterror and tragedy in nature, as well as itsbeauty, and the loneliness and poverty ofthe isolated human being. But first andforemost Frost is concerned with his love oflife and his belief in a serenity that onlycame from working usefully, while hepracticed himself throughout his life.◆F. Scott Fitzgerald(The Great Gatsby)1. The Great Gatsby, a masterpiece inAmerican literature, evokes a hauntingmood of a glamorous, wild time thatseemingly will never come again. Basedon the novel, discuss the characteristicsof Fitzgerald's works.A. Fitzgerald fictional world is the bestembodiment of the spirit of the Jazz Age, inwhich he shows a particular interest in theupper class society, especially the upperclass young people.B. Fitzgerald never spared an intimatetouch in his fiction to deal with thebankruptcy of the American Dream.C. Fitzgerald is a great stylist in Americanliterature. His style, closely related to histhemes, is explicit and chilly. His accuratedialogues, his careful observation ofmannerism, styles, models and attitudesprovide the reader with a vivid sense ofreality.D. He follows the Jamesian tradition inusing the scenic method in his chapters,each one of which consists of one or moredramatic scenes, sometimes withintervening passages of narration, leavingthe tedious process of transition to thereaders' imagination.2. F. Scott Fitzgerald is a great stylist inAmerican literature. What is his art ofnovels?A. His style, closely related to his themes,is explicit and chilly.B. His accurate dialogues, his carefulobservation of mannerism, styles, modelsand attitudes provide the reader with a vividsense of reality.C. He also skillfully employs the device ofhaving events observed by a "centralconsciousness" to his great advantage.D. In his words, there are plenty of accuratedetails, the completely original diction andmetaphors, the bold impressionistic andcolorful quality.3. Briefly discuss The Great Gatsby.The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F.Scott Fitzgerald, is one of the greatestnovels in American literature. It fullyexplores the disillusionment and despair ofthe Lost Generation through the personaltragedy of a young man whose"incorruptible dream" is easily smashedinto pieces by the crude reality. Theprotagonist, Gatsby, is a mythical figurewhose intensity of dream partakes of a stateof mind that embodies American itself. Hisfailure magnifies the end of the Americandream. The style of the story is explicit andchilly. Fitzgerald's accurate dialogues, hiscareful observation of mannerism and thecolorful images provide the reader with avivid and profound scene of the reality.4. The Great Gatsby is an examination ofAmerican myth in the 20th century.Fitzgerald deliberately depicts Gatsby asa mysterious person so as to achieve theeffect that Gatsby is American Everyman.Please make a brief comment on TheGreat Gatsby.The Great Gatsby is a masterpiece inAmerican literature. It evokes a hauntingmood of a glamorous, wild time thatseemingly will never come again. Besides,the loss of an ideal and the disillusionmentthat comes with the failure are exploitedfully in the personal tragedy of a youngman whose "incorruptible dream" is“smashed into pi eces by the relentlessreality". Gatsby is a mythical figure whoseintensity of dream partakes of a state ofmind that embodies America itself; Gatsbyis the last of the romantic hero, whoseenergy and sense of commitment takes himin search of his personal grail; Gatsby’sfailure magnifies to a great extent the endof the American Dream. However, theaffirmation of hope and expectation isself-asserted in Fitzgerald's artisticmanipulation of the central symbol in thenovel, the green light.◆Ernest Hemingway(In Our Time//The Sun Also Rise//AFarewell to Arms//Men Without Woman)1. What is “Hemingway Code Heroes"?Hemingway's world is limited. He dealswith a limited range of characters in quitesimilar circumstances and measures themagainst an unvarying code, known as “graceunder pressure”, which is actually anattitude towards life that Hemingway hadbeen trying to demonstrate is his works.Those who survive in the process ofseeking to master the code with the honesty,the discipline, and the restraint areHemingway Code Heroes2. Ernest Hemingway, a winner of NobelPrize on Literature, is one of the greatestAmerican writers. Discuss Hemingway'sart of fiction: his style, the particulartype of hero in his novels, and his lifeattitudes, etc.A. Typical of the "iceberg" analogy isHemingway's style.B. "Grace under pressure is actually anattitude towards life that Hemingway hadbeen trying to demonstrate in his works. Inhis works, he depicts characters as braveand unyielded heroes.C. Human speech is full of accents andmannerisms and the use of short, simpleand conventional words and sentences hasan effect of clearness, terseness and greatcare.3. How do you understand Hemingway'sIceberg Principle according to hisworks?A. He deals with a limited range ofcharacters in quite similar circumstancesand measures them against an unvaryingcode, known as “grace under pressure .B. The characters he depicted, with thehonesty, the discipline and the restraint,survive in the process of seeking to masterthe code.C. According to Hemingway, good literarywriting should be able to make readers feelthe emotion of the characters directly andthe best way to produce the effect is to setdown exactly every particular kind offeeling without any authorial comments,without conventionally emotion language,and with a bare minimum of adjectives andadverbs.D. Hemingway develops the style ofcolloquialism initiated by Mark Twain.◆William Faulkner(A Rose for Emily//The Sound and theFury//Light in August//Go Down, Moses)1. What does Yoknapatwapha Countrystand for in Faulkner's novels?A. In William Faulkner's writings, the placeYoknapatawpha Country is frequently set asthe background for the stories. This place isactually an imaginary place based onFaulkner's childhood memory about theplace where he grew up, the town ofOxford in his native Lafayette Country inthe American South.B. With his rich imagination, Faulknerturned the land, the people and the historyof the region into a literary creation and amythical kingdom. The YoknapatawphaCountry series have an overall pattern inwhich the fate of a ruined homeland alwaysfocuses on the collision of Faulkner'sintelligent, sensitive, an idealisticprotagonist with the society of the twentiethcentury. Most of the major themes aredirectly related to this confrontation inFaulkner's novels.2. Give a brief analysis of EmilyGrierson, the protagonist of A Rose forEmily by Faulkner.Set in the town of Jefferson inYoknapatawpa, the story focuses on EmilyGrierson, an eccentric spinster who refusesto accept the passage of time, or theinevitable charge and loss that accompaniedit. As a descendent of the Southernaristocracy, Emily is typical of those inFaulkner's. Yoknapatwapha stories who arethe symbols of the Old South but theprisoners of the past.1.For all/that struck the earth,/No matter if not bruised or spiked with stubble,/Went surely to the cider-apple heap/As of no worth. /One can see what will trouble/ this sliip of mine,whatever sleep it is./were he not gone, /the woodchuck could say whether it’s like his/Long sleep,as I describe its coming on./or just some human sleep.答：Robert Lee Frost. After Apple Picking.Briefly interpret: This poem is a vivid memory of the poet’s working experience on the farm. The poet feels satisfied and tired as well. In this part the poet hints that he will never forget the scene of harvest even in his human sleep, which indicates death.2.Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/And sorry I could not travel both.答：Robert Lee Frost. “Diverged”means seperated and went on different directions. Two lines imply one has to make choice especially in the course of one’s life.3.There was music from my neighbor's house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor−boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam. On week−ends his Rolls−Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long past midnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with mops and scrubbing−brushes and hammers and garden−shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. This passage describes Gatsby’s extravagance. “moths”are used metaphorically to refer to those people who are drawn to the party simply for its glamour,for the wealth of Gatsby.4.He smiled understandingly—much more than understandingly. It was one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, which you may come across four or five times in life. It faced—or seemed to face—the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby，He is Gatsby, A luxurious party is being held in Gatsby’s house.5.“I glanced back once .A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell.答：F.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby. The passage describes the end of a big party. The passage hints at the meaninglessness, spiritual emptiness and vanity of such a pleasure-seeking life.There is a tragic sense.6.Is dying hard, Daddy? No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick. It all depends.答：Ernest Hemingway,Indian Camp. (2)What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question? Life and death. (3)why did the father add “it all depends”after he answered his son’s question? When the father says that dying is pretty easy, he might be thinking about the self-murdered husband. But when he reflects on the wife’s miracle survival of the violent pain in the whole process of birth, he adds the final sentence. Dying is both hard and easy, it all depends on individuals.7.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant-a combined gardener and cook-had seen in at least ten years.答：A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner.(2) Why is Miss Emily Grierson’s death regarded as a fallen monument?Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument. Emily is typical of those who are the symbols of the Old South but the prisoners of past, and she is an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it.8. Only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores.答：A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. “an eyesore among eyesores”means the most unpleasant thing to look at. The passage indicate the house is a perfect mirror image of the owner who is stubborn and coquettish and deliberately detaches herself from the communal life in this small town.。

自考《英美文学选读》(美)现代文学时期(3)-2

自考《英美文学选读》（美）现代文学时期（3）-2Ⅱ。

Robert Lee Frost (l874-l963)一。

一般识记His life and writing：Frost is an important poet in the 20th century .He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and read poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961.He spent his early childhood in the Far West and later the family moved to New Hampshire. He went to Harvard but left in the middle because of his tuberculosis. When he was 28，he began to venture on writing.二。

识记His major works：His first b ook A Boy’s Will (1913)，whose lyrics trace a boy’s development from self-centered idealism to maturity，is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of New Eng1and life. His second book，a volume of poems North of Boston (1914)，is described by the author as “a book of people，” which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it. Many of his major poems are collected in this volume，such as “Mending the Wall，” in which Frost saw man a s learning from nature the zones of his own 1imitations，and “Home Buria1，” which probes the darker corners of individual lives in a situation where man cannot accept the facts of his condition. Mountain Interval (19l6) contains such characteristic poem s as “The Road Not Taken，” “Birches”. New Hampshire (1923) that won Frost the first of four Pulitzer Prizes includes “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”，which stems from the ambiguity of the speaker’s choice between safety and the unknown. The collection West-Running Brook (1928) poses disturbing uncertainties about man’s prowess and importance. Collected Poems (l930) and A Further Range (1935) gathered Frost’s second and third Pulitzer Prizes. Both translate modern upheaval into poetic materia1 the poe t could skillfully control. Frost’s fourth Pulitzer Prize was awarded for A Witness Tree (l942) which includes “The Gift Outright，” the poem he later recited at President Kennedy’s inauguration. Frost took up a religious question most notably in “After Apple-Picking：” can a man’s best efforts ever satisfy God? A Masque of Reason (l945) and A Masque of Mercy (1947) are comic-serious dramatic narratives，in both of which biblical characters in modern settings discuss ethics and man’s re1ations to God.三。

英美文学选读第三章笔记Romantic period

第三章I.Multiple choice1.In the history of literature, Romanticism is generally regarded as the thoughtthat designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to seethe individual as the very center of all life and all experience在文學歷史上，浪漫主義認為個人應是生命及實踐的中心。

我們還可以說浪漫主義是將人們的注意力從外部世界---社會文明移到內部世界---人類自已的精神文明的實質2.The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake ,wordsworth,coleridge,Byron, Shelley and Keats are the marjor poets. Theystarted a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regardas the peotic revolution浪漫主義是詩歌的時代，代表詩人有布萊克，華茲華斯，科勒律治，拜倫，雪萊及濟慈. 他們發起了對新古典主義的反判，這便是後世所稱“詩人革命”3.In the romantic period, Poetry is the most prosperous 繁榮literary form浪漫主義時代也是詩歌的時代4.in the following writings by William Blake, which marks his entry intomaturity?Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的結合一詩標志著威廉布萊克創作上的成熟, 該詩創作於法國大革命高潮期間，並擔負諷喻與革命預言的兩重角色，在這首詩中，布萊克探索了對立事物之間的關系，吸引與排拆，理智與精力，愛與恨等對立事物都對人類生存有著舉足輕重的作用，布萊克認為生活就是不斷的對立沖突，如給與和索取，善與惡，天真純樸與經驗世故，肉體與精神等，他認為沒有對立的矛盾，就不會有社會與個人的進步，婚姻對布萊克意味著矛盾的調和，並非一方從屬另一方5.The declaration that “ I know that This World is a World ofImagination&Vision” and that “ the Nature of my work is visionary orimaginative” belong to which of the following writingWilliam Blake生活在革命啟示光輝中的布萊克熱切的宣布：“我認為人世凡塵是一個充滿想象與幻想的世界，我的作品也如人世凡塵一樣充滿想象與幻象6.In William Blake’s peotry, the father (and any other in whose he saw theimage of the father such as God&his Priest, &King) was usually a figure oftyranny 專治7.the Lone of literature in “Songs of Experience” by William Blake is doleful經驗之歌描寫了一個充滿苦難，貧窮，疾病與戰爭的世界而天真之歌描寫了一個愉快而純潔的世界，盡管著這世界偶有苦難與罪惡8.William Wordsworth is reagrades as a “worshipper of nature”華爾華茲從少年時代，他就對大自然充滿愛戀, 被稱為“大自然的膜拜者”，我如行雲獨自遊“一詩是英國詩中的奇葩，把我們帶入華茲華斯詩歌宗旨的核心9.Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I wandered lonely as a cloud 我如行雲獨自遊posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特橋上有感C.The Solitary Reaper 孤獨的收割者D.The Chimney Sweeper 掃煙窗的孩子william black10.Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems aboutnature and poems about human life按照主題，華的短詩可以分為兩大類，關於自然的關於人類生活的11.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?Iyrical Ballads(抒情歌謠集) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge and WilliamWordsworth科勒律治合作的抒情歌謠集, 革命與獨立則成為抒情歌謠集中成功的結論，這在英國詩歌歷史上也是第一次12.Coleridge’s peoms”the rime of the ancient mariner, christabel and kublakhan are known as Demonic group包括他的三部代表作古航海家之歌，克麗斯特貝爾以及忽必烈汗這些詩歌的顯著特點，便是神秘與想象，詩歌的背景都設在詩人的記憶與夢幻之中，故事的發生，發展與絲毫不受理性的羈絆，這類詩歌的他作目的是將詩人自覺的意識與神的寬恕相調和13.Place me on Sumium’s marbled steep 讓我登上蘇尼姆大理石般的懸崖Where nothingSave the waves and I 那裡隻有海浪與我May hear our mutual murmurs sweep 能聽彼此的喃喃低語掠過There,swan like, let me sing and die 在那裡，象天鵝一樣，讓我歌唱後死亡A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine 一個奴棣的國家永遠不是我的國家Dash down you cup of Samian wine 把那杯薩莫斯的酒摔下These lines are taken fromThe Isles of Greece Byron拜爾的西臘島, 節選自唐璜14.“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19thcentury唐璜是19世紀初斯的著名諷刺史詩15.In his lyrics 抒情詩such as “Ode 頌to Liberty”” Ode to Naples”, PercyBysshe Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred towardtyranny 專治，暴政雪萊對自由的渴望及對暴政的憎惡都體現在詩作中，如自由頌，那不勒斯頌16.Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere 狂野的精靈，你吹遍四方Destroyer and preserver 毀滅者和保存者，Hear, O hear! 聽啊聽Two lines are found inOde to the west wind by shelley 西風頌，雪萊17.In Shelley’s “ To a Skylark”致雲雀the bird , suspended between realityand poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the Poet Both celestial rapture and human limitation18.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic dramaPrometheus Unbound雪萊最有造詣的作品是他的四幕詩劇—解放了的普羅米修斯, 詩劇源於希臘神話及古希臘悲劇家埃斯庫羅斯的劇作“被縛的普羅米修斯”，普羅米修斯為人類的生存盜取天火，被刀神之王宙斯拴縛在高加索山上，飽受折磨，雪萊在序言中指出，他雖然沿用埃斯庫羅斯的情節，卻改變了普羅米修斯與宙斯和解的結局，而是將暴君趕下寶座，換來新生的宇宙天地，詩中普羅修斯與天帝的鬥爭表現了法國大革命失敗後，英國與歐洲資產階級革命家對封建反動勢力的不滿與反抗情緒。

《英美文学选读》模拟试题(3)

《英美文学选读》模拟试题（三）一、单项选择题1.“All is not lost: the unconquerable will, and the study of revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: and what is else not to be overcome?”A. Dr. FaustusB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Tamburlaine2.Who, disregarding grammar and punctuation, always used “i” instead of “I” to refer to himself as a protest against self importance?A. CummingsB. Wallance StevensC. F. Scott. FitzgeraldD. Ernest Hemingway3.Which of the following best descri bes the speaker of T.S Eliot’s “the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”?A. He is a man of an action.B. He is a man of apathy.C. He is a man of inactivity.D. All the above are not true.4.William Wordsworth asserts that poetry originates from .A. formB. thoughtsC. artistic devicesD. emotion5.“My Last Duchess” is a poem that best exemplifies RobberBrowning’s.A. sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB. excellent choice of wordsC. mastering of the metrical devicesD. use of the dramatic monologue6.“Man shall find grace.” But he must lay hold of it by an act of free will. The freedom of the will is the keystone of ____’s creed.A. MiltonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. Samuel Johnson7.In Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” the mariner suffers the horror of death, because _____.A. he experiences a shipwreckB. he is tortured with starvationC. he undergoes much sufferingD. he kills an albatross8.Henry Jame’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with _____.A. international themeB. national themeC. European themeD. regional theme9.In Hardy’s “Wessex” novels, there is an apparent _____ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgicB. humorousC. romanticD. sarcastic10.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between _____ and_____ centuries.A. 14th-mid--17thB. 16th-mid--17thC. 14th-mid--18thD. 16th-mid--19th11.Of the following poems by T.S.Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry?A. Poems 1909----1925B. The Hollow MenC. Prufrock and Other ObservationsD. The Waste Land12.“It is not so expressed, But what of that? Twere good you do so much for charity.” “What of that” in the above sentence means _____.A. this is very importantB. this is not importantC. this is trueD. this is not true13.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English Poetry?A. “Lyrical Ballads and Samuel Taylor Coleridge” by Will iam Wordsworth.B. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC. “Remorse” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. “Leaves of Grass” by Walt Whitman.14.Which of the following writings is praised by Hemingway as a book from which “all modern American li terature comes”？A. Tom Sawyer.B. Huckleberry Finn.C. The Gilded Age.D. Life on the Mississippi.15.In which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy?A. The Green Hills of Africa.B. The Snows of Kilimanjaro.C. To have and Have Not.D. Death in the Afternoon.16.The protagonist of the poem “Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of deafted idealism and tortured by satisfied desires. Of the following descriptions of him, which isn’t suitable for him?A. He is neurotic.B. He is self-important.C. He is illogical.D. He is a man of an action.17.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? /Thou art more l ovely and more temperate: /Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, /And summer’s lease hath all too short a date”, the above beautiful sonnets was written by _____.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William ShakespeareD. Francis Bacon18.Here is a s entence from an essay, “Read not to contradict and confuse, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”. The essay must be _____.A. Of Studies by Francis BaconB. The Advancement of Learning by Francis BaconC. Novum Organum by Francis BaconD. Essays by Francis Bacon19.Which of the following is considered to be a better-structured novel?A. Women in LoveB. Sons and LoversC. The RainbowD. Lady Chatterley’s lover20.With so many poems such as “The Sparrow’s Nest,” “To a Skylark,” “To the Cuckoo” and “To a Butterfly”, William Wordsworth is regarded as a “____”.A. poet of geniusB. royal poetC. worshipper of natureD. conservative poet21.In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver told his experience in _____.A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. HouyhnhnmD. England22.“To be, or not to be----that is the question; whethertis nobler in the mind to suffer. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them?” Who said these words?A. King LearB. RomeoC. AntonioD. Hamlet23.“to be so distinguished is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive or in what terms to acknowledge.”A. ironicB. jealousC. delightfulD. humorous24.In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period, was the leading figure among the host of playwrights.A. William BlakeB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Ben JohnsonD. George Bernard Shaw25.Among the works by John Milton, which is indeed the only generally acknowledge epic in English literature since Beowulf?A. Paradise RegainedB. Samson AgonistsC. AreopagiticaD. Paradise Lost26.Which writing is a typical example of Shakespe are’s pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years?A. The TempestB. King LearC. HamletD. Othello27.Who, one of the most important poets in his time, is a leading spokesman of the “imagist movement”?A. J. D. SalingerB. Ezra PoundC. Richard WrightD. Ralph Emerson28._____ lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge.A. Francis baconB. Thomas hardyC. Charles dickensD. William Blake29.Alexander pope strongly advocated , emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. idealismB. neoclassicismC. romanticismD. sentimentalism30.Dickens’s works are characterized by a mingling of and pathos.A. metaphorB. passionC. satireD. humor31.“self-conceited”, “cruel” and “tyrannical” are most likely the names of the characters in .A. Robert Browning’s My Last DuchessB. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. FaustusC. Shakespeare’s love’s Labour’s lostD. Sheridan’s the School for Scandal32.Who is the author of the writing “Moby Dick”?A. S. T .ColeridgeB. John KeatsC. Henry FieldingD. Herman Melville33.The sentences “studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”, and “some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;...” are quoted fromA. Novum OrganumB. Of Studies By BaconC. The Advancement Of LearningD. Essays34.The advancement of learning is a great tract on .A. historyB. literatureC. policyD. education35.Most of the poems in Whitman’s leaves of grass sing of the “en-mass” and the as well.A. natureB. lifeC. selfD. self reliance36.Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?A. Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.B. Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream of consciousness novelistC. Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history.D. His novel “a portrait of the artist as a young man” is a naturalistic account of the hero’s bitter experiences and his final artistic and spiritual liberation.37.The following titles are all related to the subject that escapes from the society and returns to nature except .A. Dreiser’s Sister CarrieB. Copper’s Leather Stocking TalesC. Thoreau’s WaldenD. D Mark Twain’s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn38.“Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere; destroyer and preserver; hear, Ohear!”The two lines are found in .A. Young Goodman Brown By HawthorneB. Ode To The West Wind By ShelleyC. Leaves Of Grass By Walt WhitmanD. Ulysses By Joyce39.“Even t hen he stood there, hidden wholly in that kindness which is night, while the uprising fumes filled the room. When the odor reached his nostrils, he quit his attitude and fumbled for the bed.‘What’s the use?’ he said, weakly, as he stretched himself to rest.”The passage is taken from .A. Sons And Lovers By LawrenceB. Jane Eyre By Charlotte BronteC. Sister Carrie By Thoedore DreiserD. Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte40.Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the 20th century American literature, or we may say, the second American renaissance, isthe movement.A. leftistB. transcendentalC. expressionisticD. expatriate二、综合题1.Read the quoted part carefully and answer the questions in English.“I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hillsWhen all at once I saw a crowdA host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Flutteri ng and dancing in the breeze.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. In several sentences, interpret the meaning of this stanza.C. From the characteristics of this stanza, we can deduce which period it belongs to.2.Read the quoted part carefully and answer the questions in English.“I shall be telling this with a signSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I ---I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.”Question:A. Who is the author of the poem?B. Identify the title of the short poem from which this part is taken?C. In one or two sentences, interpret the implied meaning of the last two lines.3.Read the quoted part carefully and answer the questions in English.“That was the cause, but yet per accidents,For when we hear one rack the name of god,Abjure the scriptures and his Savoiour Christ,We fly in hope to get his glorious soul.”Question:A. Tell the title of the poem.B. What does “rock” mean?C. What is the play based on and give a brief introduction of it.4.Give brief answers to the question in English.In American literature what is the significance of “adventures of huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain?5.Give brief answer to the question in English.What are the similarities and differences between the three literary giants? Howells, Mark Twain, Henry James, in terms of their literary orientation?6.Give brief answer to the question in English.What are gothic novels?7.Give brief answer to the question in English.How are naturalism and criticism reflected in Hardy’s novels?8.Write no less than 150 words on the topic in English.Try to discuss the theme of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s works.9.Write no less than 150 words on the topic in English.Enlightenment movement.10.Read the quoted part carefully and answer the questions in English.“The isles of Greece, isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung,Where grew the arts of war and peace,Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!Eternal summer gilds them yet,But all, except their sun, is set.”Question:A. Which writing is the stanza taken from? Who is the author?B. What does the “Sappho”mean?C. Try to explain the setting of the stanza.答案部分一、单项选择题1.【正确答案】 B2.【正确答案】 A3.【正确答案】 C4.【正确答案】 D5.【正确答案】 D6.【正确答案】 A7.【正确答案】 D8.【正确答案】 A9.【正确答案】 A10.【正确答案】 A11.【正确答案】 D12.【正确答案】 B13.【正确答案】 A14.【正确答案】 B15.【正确答案】 D16.【正确答案】 D17.【正确答案】 C18.【正确答案】 A 19.【正确答案】 A 20.【正确答案】 C 21.【正确答案】 A 22.【正确答案】 D 23.【正确答案】 A 24.【正确答案】 B 25.【正确答案】 D 26.【正确答案】 A 27.【正确答案】 A 28.【正确答案】 A 29.【正确答案】 B 30.【正确答案】 D 31.【正确答案】 A 32.【正确答案】 D 33.【正确答案】 B 34.【正确答案】 D 35.【正确答案】 C 36.【正确答案】 C 37.【正确答案】 A 38.【正确答案】 B 39.【正确答案】 C 40.【正确答案】 D二、综合题1.【正确答案】 A. “I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud” By William Wordsworth.B. Like a cloud flying over valleys and mountains, I was traveling. Suddenly to my surprise, I saw a grove of daffodils at the side of the lake, how beautiful they were, fluttering and dancing in the wind. This poem typically depicts the author respect for natureC. The Romantic Period2.【正确答案】 A. Robert lee FrostB. The Road Not TakenC. confronted dilemma, one should be decisive and “took the one less traveled”.3.【正确答案】 A. Dr. FaustusB. TormentC. It is based on the German legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the devil.4.【正确答案】The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and, especially, its sequence Adventures of Huckleberry Finn proved themselves to be the milestone in American literature, and thus firmly established Twain’s position in the literary world.The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world.Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn marks the climax of Twain’s literary creativity. Hemingway once described the novel the one book forms which “a modern American literature comes.”5.【正确答案】 A. Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life” of the Americans; Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world” of man.B. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region about as “local colorist,” a unique variation of American literary realism.6.【正确答案】 A type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion, with its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature. The gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writers of the romantic period.7.【正确答案】In his works, man is shown inevitably bound by his own inherent natureand hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with the environment.The outside nature—the natural environment or nature herself- is shown as some mysterious supernatural force, it likes to play practical jokes upon human beings by producing a series of mistimed actions and unfortunate coincidences.This pessimistic view of life predominates most of Hardy’s later works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer.8.【正确答案】 A. In “Young Goodman Brown”, he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.B. According to Hawthorne, “There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it toa ctivity.”C. In dealing with the theme of guilt and sin, Hawthorne exemplifies the “power of blackness”.9.【正确答案】 A. It was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. It was a furtherance of the renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.B. To enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.10.【正确答案】 A. George Gordon Byron, Don Juan.B. An ancient Greek poetess known for her passionate love poems.C. The stanza was finished at the romantic period when Greece was under the rule of Turk. By contrasting the freedom of ancient Greece and the present enslavement the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty.。

自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3]

自考英语：英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版[3] 英国】Chapter3 The Romantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义1.This urgency was provoked by two important revolutions: the French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution which happened more slowly, but with Astonishing consequences.英国面临着新的发展动力:是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,是同时期英国内部的工业革命.2.In 1832, the Reform Bill was enacted, which brought the Industrial capitalists into power.1832年“改革法案”在议会通过并实施。

3.The Romantic Movement, whether in England, Germany or France, expressed a more or less negative forward the existing social.浪漫主义运动,无论是在英国,德国还是法国,都表现相互对工业革命时期现存的社会经济制度及城市资产阶级的上升的否定态度。

4. The Romantics demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state.文学家摒弃了18 世纪盛行的文学及哲学基调---理性,古典主义文学家认为人是社会性的动物,浪漫主义文学家认为人应该是独立自由的个体.5. Thus, we can say that Romanticism actually constitutes a changeof direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.因此,们还可以说浪漫主义其实是将人们的注意力从外部世界—社会文明转移到内部世界---人类自己的精神实质。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(4)-3

自考《英美文学选读》（英）现代文学时期（4）-33. The brief outline，artistic features and social significance of Ulysses：(1) The brief outline：Broadly speaking，Ulysses gives an account of man’s life during one day (16 June，1904) in Dublin. The three major characters are：Leopold Bloom，an Irish Jew，his wife，Marion Tweedy Bloom，and Stephen Dedalus，the protagonist in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The whole novel is divided into 18 episodes in correspondence with the 18 hours of the day. The first three episodes are mainly concerned with Stephen Dedalus：he gets up at 8 o’clock on this specific day; he teaches a history class at a boy’s school; and then he walks along the strand to town with random thoughts in mind. The next 14 episodes are largely about Leopold Bloom，who，after breakfast，goes about Dublin on his day’s routine activities. In the morning，Bloom takes a Turkish bath，calls in at the National Library，attends the funeral of a friend，and shows up at the newspaper office where he sells advertising. After lunch，Bloom wanders about in the city，meeting people in streets，at pubs and in shops，worrying about his wife，his money，his daughter and his digestion，pursuing persistently his own ruminations over his past，the death of his father and his baby son，but at the same time cocking an alert ear for what is going on around him. Then he roams along a beach at twilight，sitting at a place to watch an unknown girl and having a daydream. In the evening he visits a maternity hospital to inquire about the birth of a friend’s baby. During the course of the day，Stephen also wanders aimlessly in the town，propounding his theory on Shakespeare’s Hamlet at the National Library，drinking at the students’ common room of the hospital，visiting a brothel in the “Nighttown” where he is rescued in a drunken affray by Bloom. Subsequently Bloom invites Stephen back to his home for a late drink. Stephen leaves in the early hours of the morning and Bloom goes to bed. The novel ends with the famous monologue by Molly，who is musing in a half-awake state over her past experiences as a woman.(2) The artistic features：Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature. It is such an uncommon novel that there arises the question whether it can be termed as a “novel” all; for it seems to lack almost all the essential qualities of the novel in a traditional sense：there is virtually no story，no plot，almost no action，and little characterization in the usual sense. The events of the day seem to be trivial，insignificant，or even banal. But below the surface of the events，the natural flow of mental reflections，the shifting moods and impulses in the characters’ inner world are richly presented in an unprecedentedly frank and penetrating way.(3) The social significance of the novel：In Ulysses，Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing an instance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind，and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day. With complete objectivity and minute details of man’s everyday routines and his psychic processes，Joyce illustrates a symbolic picture of all human history，which is simultaneously tragic and comic，heroic and cowardly，magnificent and dreary. Like Eliot’s masterp iece，The Waste Land，Joyce’s Ulysses presents a realistic picture of the modern wasteland in which modern men are portrayed as vulgar and trivial creatures with splitting personalities，disillusioned ideals，sordid minds and broken families，who are searching in vain for harmonious human relationships and spiritual sustenance in a decaying world.4. The characteristics of Finnegans Wake：Joyce spent 17 years working on his last important book，Finnegans Wake (1939)。

英美文学选读(英国)浪漫主义时期笔记

Chapter 3 The Romantic Period1. The Romantic Period: The Romantic period is the period generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It is emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.Social background:a. during this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes. The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one.b. With the British Industrial Revolution coming into its full swing, the capitalist class came to dominate not only the means of production, but also trade and world market.3.The Romantic Movement: it expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoise. The romantics demontrated a a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. They saw man as an individual in the solitary state. Thus, the Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men”, and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imamgination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of the poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mattre. It is in solitude, in communion with the natural universe, that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules.Poetry: to the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.they would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects.Prose: It’s also a great age of prose. With education greatly developed for the middle-class people, there was a rapid growth in the reading public and an increasing demand for reading materials.Romantics made literary comments on the writers with high standards, which paved the way for the development of a new and valuable type of critical writings. Colerige, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures in this new development.Novel: the 2 major novelists of the period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.Gothic novel: a tyoe of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one of the Romantic movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion. With is description of the dark, irritional side of human nature, the Gothic form exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.3. Ballads: the most important form of popular literature; flourished during the 15th century; Most written down in 18th century; mostly written in quatrains; Most important is the Robin Hood ballads.4. Romanticism: it is romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832. Romanticists were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups.Some Romantic writers reflected the thinking of those classes which had been ruined by the bourgeoisie called Passive Romantic poets represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.Others expressed the aspiration of the labouring classes called Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets represented by Byron and Shelley and Keats.5. Lake Poets:Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England6. Byronic Hero a proud, mysterious rebelling figure of noble origin rights all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and is against any kind of tyrannical rules; It appeared first in Childe H arold’s Pilgrimage and then further developed in later works as the Oriental Tales, Manfred and Don Juan; the figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.7. Main Writers:A. William Blake(1757-1827):1. Literarily, Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a comtempt for the rule of reason, opposing the calssical tradition of the 18th century,and treasuring the individual’s imagination.2. His first printed work, Poetic Skelches, is a collection of youthful verse. Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.3. The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. The wretched child described in “The Chimney Sweeper,”orphaned, exploited, yet touched by visionary rapture, evokes unbearable poignancy when he finally puts his trust in the order of the universe as he knows it. Blake experimented in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries.4. The Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a malancholy tone. The little chinmney sweeper sings “notes of woe” while his parents go to the church and praise “God & his Priest & King”—the very intrument of their repression. A number of poems in the Songs of Experience also find a counterpart in the Songs of Experience. The 2 books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.5. Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the 2 books a strong social and historical reference. The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic ciecumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect “illusionary happiness;”the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.6. Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. The poem plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. Blake explores the relationship of the contrries. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence. The “Marriage”means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.Main works: Poetical SketchesSongs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poemsHoly Thursday reminds us terribly of a world of loss and institutional cruelty.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.Marriage of Heaven and HellThe book of UrizenThe Book of LosThe Four ZoasMilton7. Language Character: he writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.B. William Wordsworth(1770-1850) In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.Lyrical Ballads:But the Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strong sympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular, dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.Short poems:According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be calssified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.Wordsworth is regarde as a “worshipper of nature.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is perhaps the most anthologized poem in english literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.”Wordswoth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. “The Solitary Reaper” and “To a Highland Girl” use rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence ” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude.Wordsworth deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profoud poetry which no othr poet has ever equaled. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made.Main Works:Descriptive Sketches, and Evening WalkLyrical Ballads.The PreludePoems in Two VolumesOde: Intimations of ImmortalityResolution and Independence.The ExcursionPoets: The Sparrow’s Nest, To a Skylark, To the Cuckoo, To a Butterfly, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud( is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.), An Evening Walk, My Heart Leaps up, Tintern AbbeyThe ThornThe sailor’s motherMichael,The Affliction of MargaretThe Old Cumberland BeggarLucy PoemsThe Idiot BoyMan, the heart of man, and human life.The Solitary ReaperTo a Highland GirlThe Ruined CottageThe PreludeLanguage character: he can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. And he thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.He is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period. His is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity and one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly, sympathetically and naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to natureC. Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas, so he held a lifelong aversion to crulty, injusticce, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society, condemming war, tyranny and exploitation. He realized that the evil was also in man’s mind. Even after a revolution, that is after the restoration of human morality and creativity, the evil deep in man’s heart might again be loosed. So he predicated that only through gradual and suitable reforms of the existing institutions couls benevolence be universally established and none of the evils would survive in this “genuin society,”where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully.Shelley expressed his love of freedom and his hatredtoward tyranny in several of his lyrics. One of the greatest political lyrics is “Men of England.” It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to risse up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British Comuunist Party.Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” here Shelley’s rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becoms an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality. The whole poem had a logic of feeling,a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.”Main works:The Necessity of Atheism, Queen Mab: a Philosophical Poem, Alastor, or The Spirit of SolitudePoem: Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Mont BlancJulian and Maddalo, The Revolt of Islam, the Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, Hellas,Prose: Defence of PoetryLyrics:genuine society,“Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”, The Cloud, To a Shylark, Ode to the West WindPolitical lyrics: Men of EnglandElegy: Adonais is a elegy for John Keats’s early deathTerza rimaPersonal Characters: he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas under the influence of the free thinkers like Hume and Godwin, so he held a life long aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion andthe formal shams of respectable society, condemning war, tyranny and exploitation. He expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics such as “Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, and intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel. Or express what passionately moves us.D: Jane Austen(1755-1817): born in a country clergyman’s family:Main Works:Novel: Sense and SensibilityPride and Prejudice(the most popular)Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionThe WatsonsFragment of a NovelPlan of a NovelPersonal Characters: she holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear—sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.Her Works’ Characters: his works’s concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. It is her c onviction that a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career. Her thought is that if one wants to know about a man’s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wan ts to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home. Austen shows a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life. She write within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England. Concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Her novels’ structure is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the hig hest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. Her works’ at one delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature. With trenchant observation and in meticulous details, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English.G: Questions and answers:1. what are the characteristics of the Romantic literature? Please discuss the above question in relation to one or two examples.a. in poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.b. the romanticists not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration.c. they regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.d. romantics also tend to be nationalistic.2.Make a contrast between the two generations of Romantic poets during the Romantic AgeThe poetic ideals announced by Wordsworth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made up the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.3.what are Austen’s writing features?Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. Aust en’s work has a very narrow literary field. Her novels showa wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.4. what is the historical and cultural background of English Romanticism?a. Historically, it was provoked by the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution.b. Culturally, the publication of French philosopher Rousseau’s two books provided necessary guiding principles for the French Revolution which aroused great sympathy and enthusiasm in England;c. England experienced profound economic and social changes: the enclosure movement and the agricultural mechanization; the capitalist class grasped the political power and came to dominate the English society.H. topic discussion:1. Discuss the artistic features of Shelley’s poems.A. Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.B. His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speechD. He describes vividly what we see and feel, or expresses what passionately moves us.2. What does Wordsworth mean when he said “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility”?This sentence is considered as the principle of Wordsworth’s poetry c reation which was set forth in the preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth appealed directly on individual sensations, as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry.3. How do you describe the writing style of Jane Austen? What is the significance of her works?Jane Austen is a writer of the 18th century through she lived mainly in the 19th century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion, and moral principles. Austen’s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Austen defined her stories within a very narrow sphere.。

自考英美文学选读第三章浪漫主义时期(英国)(课文翻译)

英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考）第一部分：英国文学第三章浪漫主义时期西方文学史上的浪漫主义运动是不易用一言以蔽之的,尤其是它的确切时间与特点,因为这是一场席卷全欧及美国的浩大文学变革。

而英国浪漫主义时期一般被认为始于1798年,标志为华滋华斯与柯勒治的《抒情歌谣集》的出版,终于1832年,标志为沃特·斯哥特的去世及议会第一个改革提案的通过。

但上述这些标志也并非精确而权威,因为作为一股文学潮流,浪漫主义早在《抒情歌谣集》之前就开始了。

在前一章提到的感伤主义作家中,我们就可以发现他们对古希腊罗马的作品风范已失去兴趣,取而代之的是对文学与传奇的重新思考。

这一切都是自蒲柏至约翰逊时期的新古典主义理性文学的叛逆。

而英国文学史上最伟大的浪漫主义作品有不少都产生于激进与传统相冲撞的18世纪末,这时英国又面临着新的发展动力,一是1789-1794年的法国资产阶级大革命,一是同时期英国内部的工业革命。

法国哲学家让·亚克·卢梭是18世纪后半叶的主导思想家。

1762年,他出版了两部作品震惊欧洲,《社会契约论》与《爱弥尔》。

在这两部作品中,他探索了有关自然、社会与教育的新思想。

卢梭的这些思想为法国大革命做了必要的意识形态准备,因为它激起了人们对封建暴君的愤恨及对美好未来的希望。

法国革命的消息,尤其是《人权宣言》的发表及攻打巴士底狱也点燃了英国自由主义与激进主义者同情的火花。

英国遍地都成立了各种爱国者俱乐部或协会,宣传自由、平等与博爱。

1790年10月,埃德蒙·伯克出版了《法国大革命写照》。

他的这本政论小册子以笔墨诛伐了激进的革命以及对君主制与宗教特权摒弃,他对狂热的革命暴动及未来的暴民统治与军事独裁大泼冷水。

伯克的文章激起了要求打倒暴君、废除压迫政府的邀进派作家的反驳。

其中托马斯·潘因的《人权宣言》(1791-1792)最有力度。

潘因对欧洲的情势深为了解:大革命期间他本人就在法国,并在文章中下出结论,1789年以前的法国一片黑暗,处处都是压迫与不幸,除了革命,没有一条通向自由的路,此外,威廉·戈德温在他的《有关政治正义的研究》(1793)中强烈谴责了不合理的经济制度与政治压迫。

自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(3)-3

自考《英美文学选读》（英）现代文学时期（3）-3(2) In his later period，Eliot produced only two major volumes of poetic works：Ash Wednesday (1930) and Four Quartets (1944)。

The quest for stability，for order，and for the maintaining of the bourgeois status quo became his primary concern in his later works. The Four Quartets，based on the Christian dogmas of incarnation and resurrection，is concerned with the quest for the immortal element，the stillness within time or history. Man，disillusioned and hopeless in his early poetry，now finds reconciliation in God. Thus，the Four Quartets is characterized by a philosophical and emotional calm quite in contrast to the despair and suffering of the early works. The stream-of-consciousness technique has been largely employed in Eliot’s poems.2.T. S. Eliot’s major achievement in drama writing：He was one of the important verse dramatists in the first half of the 20th century. Besides some fragmentary pieces，Eliot had written in his lifetime five full-length plays：Murder in the Cathedral (1935)，The Family Reunion (1939)，The Cocktail Party (1950)，The Confidential Clerk (1954)，and The-Elder Statesman (1959)。

英美文学选读 3：Romeo and Juliet Paraphrase

O that she knew she were!
She speaks, yet she says nothing.What of that?
Her eyediscourses. I will answer it.
I am too bold. ’Tis not to me she speaks.
Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,
Take all myself.
ROMEO
I take thee at thy word.
Call me but love, and I’ll be newbaptized.
HenceforthI never will be Romeo.
JULIET
What man art thou that, thusbescreen’d in night,
Look how she leans her hand on her cheek.
Oh, I wish I was the glove on that hand so that I could touch that cheek.
JULIET:ay me! (唉)
ROMEO
(to himself) She speaks. Oh, speak again, bright angel. You are as glorious as an angel tonight. You shine above me,
Sostumbleston mycounsel?
ROMEO
By a name
I know not how to tell thee who I am.
My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself

自考《英美文学选读》（英）维多利亚时期（3）

III. Alfred Tennyson 1.⼀般识记 His Life & Literary Career Alfred Tennyson （1809-1892） is certainly the most representative Victorian poet. His poetry voices the doubt & the faith， the grief & the joy of the English people in an age of fast social changes. He was born at Somersby， Linconshire， the fourth son of a rather learned clergyman. In 1827， he & his elder brother published Poems by Two Brothers. In this juvenile work the influence of Byron & an attraction to oriental themes were shown. He was educated at the Trinity College， Cambridge & published his first signed work Poems， Chiefly Lyrical （1830）there. In 1832， one year after he left Cambridge， he published Poems， which contained a variety of poems， beautiful in melody & rich in imagery. In 1842， his next issue of Poems came out， collected in the book are the dramatic monologue "Ulysses"， the epic narrative " Morte d''Arthur，" the exquisite idylls "Dora" & " The Gardener''s Daughter，" etc. In 1847，The Princess was published. Written in blank verse， it deals with the theme of women''s rights & position. In 1850，Tennyson was appointed the Poet Laureate & he published his greatest work In Memoriam. The rest years of Tennyson''s life was comfortable & peaceful， but he never stopped writing. In 1855， Tennyson published a monodrama Maud， a collection of short lyrics. Among the other works of his later period， "Rizpah，" "Enoch Arden，" " Merlin & the Gleam" & " Crossing the Bar" are worthy of note. 2.识记 His major poetic works & their theme 1） In Memoriam Presumably it is an elegy on the death of Hallam， yet less than half of its l00 pieces are directly connected with him. The poet here does not merely dwell on the personal bereavement. As a poetic diary， the poem is also an elaborate & powerful expression of the poet''s philosophical & religious thoughts - his doubts about the meaning of life， the existence of the soul & the afterlife， & his faith in the power of love & the soul''s instinct & immortality. Such doubts & beliefs were shared by most people in an age when the old Christian belief was challenged by new scientific discoveries， though to most readers today， the real attraction of the poem lies more in its profound feeling & artistic beauty than in the philosophical & religious reflections. The familiar trance-like experience， mellifluous rhythm & pictorial descriptions make it one of the best elegies in English literature. 2） Idylls of the Kin g （1842-1885） It is his most ambitious work which took him over 30 years to complete. It is made up of 12 books of narrative poems，based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur & his Knights of the Round Table. But it is not a mere reproduction of the old legend， though. It is a modern interpretation of the classic myth. For one thing， the moral standards & sentiments reflected in the poem belong to the Victorians rather than to the medieval royal people. For another， the story of the rise & fall of King Arthur is， in fact， meant to represent a cyclic history of western civilization， which ， in Tennyson''s mind ， is going on a spiritual decline & will end in destruction. 3.领会Artistic Features of His Poetry Tennyson is a real artist. He has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musical expressions， & these two with the feelings. He has perfect control of the sound of English， & a sensitive ear， an excellent choice & taste of words. His poetry is rich in poetic images & melodious language， & noted for its lyrical beauty & metrical charm. His works are not only the products of the creative imagination of a poetic genius but also products of a long & rich English heritage. His wonderful works manifest all the qualities of England''s great poets. The dreaminess of Spenser， the majesty of Milton， the natural simplicity of Wordsworth， the fantasy of Blake & Coleridge， the melody of Keats & Shelley， & the narrative vigor of Scott & Byron， —— all these striking qualities are evident on successive pages of Tennyson''s poetry. 4. 应⽤ Selected Readings （1） Break This short lyric is written in memory of Tennyson''s best friend， Arthur Hallam， whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet. Here， the poet''s own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree， innocent joys of the children & the unfeeling movement of the ship & the sea waves. The beauty of the lyric is to be found in the musical language & in the association of sound & images with feelings & emotions. The poem contains 4 quatrains， with combined iambic & anapaestic feet. Most lines have three feet & some four. The rhyme scheme is a b c b. （2） Crossing the Bar This poem was written in the later years of Tennyson''s life. Although not the last poem written by Tennyson in his longcreative career， this poem appears， at his request， as the final poem in all collections of his works. The scene is sketched with a few strokes： sunset & the evening star， the twilight and the evening bell， & then the dark. The ship is ready to go out of the harbor. It will cross the bar & reach the vast open sea for the long voyage that it is to make. The allegory of the poem is clear. Tennyson is in the evening of life， & the "clear call" of death will come soon. But when he has crossed the border between life & death to go on that voyage beyond the bound of Time & Place， he hopes then to see his "Pilot，" God， face to face. From the moving imagery & the pleasant sound of the poem， we can feel his fearlessness towards death， his faith in God & an afterlife. （3） Ulysses In Greek mythology， Ulysses is the king of the Ithaca Island. He is the hero in many literary classics. In Homer''s Odessey （the Greek name for Ulysses）， Ulysses eventually arrives home after the ten-year Trojan war & another ten-year''s adventures at sea. However， according to Dante， Ulysses never returns to his home place Ithaca， but urges his men to go on exploring westward. Tennyson combines these two versions. In this poem， Ulysses is now three years back in his homeland， reunited with his wife Penelope & his son Telemachus， & resumes his rule over the land. But he will not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life. Old as he is， he persuades his old followers to go with him & to sail again to pursue a new world & new knowledge. Written in the form of dramatic monologue， the poem not only expresses，through the mouth of the heroic Ulysses， Tennyson''s own determination & courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness & aspiration of the age. IV. Robert Browning 1.⼀般识记His life &Literary Career Robert Browning （1812-1889） was born in a well-off family & received his education mainly from his private tutor， & from his father， who gave him the freedom to follow his own interest. In 1833， he published his first poetic work Pauline，which brought great embarrassment upon him. But in his second attempt Sordello （1840）， he went too far in self-correction that the poem became so obscure as to be hardly readable. He even tried play writing but failed. All these frustrating experiences forced the poet to develop a literary form that suited him best & actually give full swing to this genius， i.e. the dramatic monologue. In 1846， Browning married Elizabeth Barrett， a famous poetess whose famous book of love poetry was Sonnets from the Portuguese. In 1869 Browing''s masterpiece， The Ring & the Book， came out. In 1889， Browning died & was buried in the Poet''s Corner， Westminster Abbey， beside Tennyson. 2.识记His major works Dramatic Lyrics （1842）， Dramatic Romances & Lyrics （1845）， Bells & Pomegranates （1846）， Men & Women （1855）， Dramatic Personae （1864）， The Ring & the Book （1868-1869） & Dramatic Idylls （1880） 3.领会Characteristic of The Ring & the Book： Dramatic M　onologue In this poem， Browning chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis， in which his characters are made to talk about their lives， & about their minds & hearts. In "listening" to those one-sided talks， readers can form their own opinions & judgments about the speaker''s personality & about what has really happened. 4.领会Robert Browning''s artistic characteristics （1） The name of Browning is often associated with the term "dramatic monologue." Although it is not his invention， it is in his hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity& perfection. （2） Browning''s poetry is not easy to read. His rhythms are often too fast， too rough & unmusical （3） The syntax is usually clipped & highly compressed. The similes & illustrations appear too profusely. The allusions & implications are sometimes odd & far-fetched. All this makes up his obscurity. On the whole， Browning''s style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets. He is like a weather-beaten pioneer， bravely & vigorously trying to beat a track through the jungle. His poetic style belongs to the 20th-century rather than to the Victorian age. 5. 应⽤ Selected Readings： 1） My Last Duchess。

英美文学选读3

• In this scenario, Gatsby is again an enigma— though he lives in a garishly ostentatious West Egg mansion, East Eggers freely attend his parties. Despite the tensions between the two groups, the blend of East and West Egg creates a distinctly American mood.
Gatsby’s American Dream
• dream of wealth and dream of love • Dream of wealth:. But his mansion and
fabulous entertainment are financed by bootlegging and other criminal activities. • Dream of love: Love is merely a vehicle that can transport him to a magic world of eternal happiness.
What are Gatsby’s Greatness?
• Gatsby is a person with double character (round) • a practioner of American dream (to satisfy his
vanity in material desire, but fail to achieve the essence of American dream) • His firm love for Daisy (to find his love back, to be a scapegoat for Daisy, but repaid little from Daisy) • As readers, we should look at Gatsby objectively (criticized and pitied)

英美文学选读英国部分第三章浪漫主义时期

英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第三章浪漫主义时期(The Romantic Period)一、背景知识 (Background knowledge)1、历史背景(Historical background)（1）浪漫主义，作为一种文学思潮来说，乃是一定的历史转折时期——即十八世纪末至十九世纪初——的特征。

在英国它出现于1798年，以《抒情民谣集》的出版为起点，以1832年瓦尔特•司各特爵士的逝世和第一个改革法案在议会通过为终点。

（2）美国的独立战争和法国的大革命极大地鼓舞了英国人民为自由、平等、博爱而斗争。

（3）在这时期，经过巨大的社会斗争和残酷的经济改造，资本主义的“金钱”王国逐渐在英国确立。

一个新社会出现在英国。

它比封建主义社会更高级，但同时也孕育着其固有的矛盾。

始自十九世纪的工业革命为富人大量敛财而给穷人的工作条件和生活条件带来极大地破坏，劳资矛盾由此加剧。

（4）在英国，现代化的工业社会逐渐取代了原先的农业社会。

（5）一系列的政治改革和群众游行示威动摇了不列颠王国的贵族统治。

2、文化背景(Cultural background)（1）浪漫主义学派的灵感最初是来自两位著名的思想家：法国哲学家简·雅克•卢梭和德国作家约翰·沃尔夫贡·冯•歌德。

卢梭首先提出了个人尊严的概念，首创人的精神自由；他的最著名的宣言是：“我感受而后我思”。

歌德和他的追随者们对浪漫主义精神大加赞美，这种精神具体体现在德国民谣、歌特式建筑以及英国戏剧家威廉•莎士比亚的戏剧中。

暴风雨般的社会冲突，引起了并且推动了英国浪漫主义文学的发展。

（2）浪漫主义运动对现存的社会和政治环境多多少少持有一种否定的态度，因为浪漫主义作家都经历了封建主义社会的腐朽与不公，以及资本主义社会的经济、社会和政治势力的非人性特点。

（3）浪漫主义有意将自己的注意力从外部世界的社会活动转移到人文精神的内心世界，旨在把个人看作是所有生命和一切经验的中心。

自考《英美文学选读》（美）浪漫主义时期（3）

III. Nathaniel Hawthorne （1804-l864） Imbued with an inquiring imagination， an intense1y meditative mind， and unceasing interest in the "interior of the heart" of man's being， Nathaniel Hawthorne remains one of the most interesting， yet most ambiva1ent writers in the American literary history. ⼀。

⼀般识记 Hawthorne's life and writing career His life story is tota1ly without the exciting events which characterize the lives of so many American writers. He was born on the Fourth of July， l804 in Salem， Massachusetts， into a prominent Puritan family. His first American ancestor，William Hawthorne， as a magistrate of the Bay Colony， was active in the 1650's in persecution of the Quakers， while William's son， John， was a judge at the Salem witchcraft trials. However， the 17th century prominence of his familydec1ined during the century that followed. Nathaniel's father， a sea captain， died of yellow fever in 1808 leaving at Salem a widow and three children in genteel poverty. With the financial support from his more prosperous maternal relations，Hawthorne passed a serene childhood in spite of his father's death and spent his adolescence reading some books of those literary master minds， especially Bunyan， Spenser and Shakespeare， which were essential for his formation as a writer. From 1821 to 1825， he attended Bowdoin Co1lege in Maine， where the decision to devote himself to writing was gradually taking shape and finally put into practice during those years when he was living with his mother in Salem. The solitary years proved to be fruitful， for in 1837， he published Twice-Told Tales， a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention. After 1837， a series of salient events of Hawthorne's life happened that mattered a lot to his literary imagination and creation. He met Sophia Peabody， whom he married later and with whom he had three children： he worked in the United States Custom House in Boston and later in Salem， which definitely provided some authentic materials for his long works；he also stayed for some time at Concord and Lenox， where he met the principal literary figures of the time， Emerson and Thoreau and Melville. He was affected by the former's transcendentalist theory and struck up a very intimate relationship with the latter， and all the three people had played an indispensable role in Hawthorne's literary career. ⼆。

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全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读模拟试题（三）（课程代码：0604）(全部题目用英文作答)PART ONE(40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all，1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the .A. aristocraticB. enterprising landlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-working people2. “Metaphsical poetry”refers to the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of .A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton3. Eugene O‟Neil is recognized as a major figure in world literature, and he is widely acclaimed “”.A. founder of the American dramaB. greatest American novelistC. greatest American poetD. father of the American short stories4. “Busy old fool, unruly sun, / Why doet thou thus, /Through windows and through curtains call on us? /Must to thy motions lover s‟ seasons run?”wrote it.A. William ShakespeareB. John MiltonC. John DonneD. John Bunyan5. Of the following works by D. H. Lawrence, established his position as novelist.A. The White PeacockB. The TrespasserC. Women in LoveD. Sons and Lovers6. Spenser‟s masterpiece is a great poem of its time.A. The Faerie QueeneB. The Shepheardes CalenderC. The Canterbury TalesD. Metamorphoses7. “And better than thy stroke; why swell‟st thou then? One short sleep past, we wake eternally.”In the above sentence, what does “sleep” refer to .A. a sound dreamB. restC. deathD. unconsciousness8. Which of the following is not among the literary giants of English Renaissance?A. Edmund SpenserB. John DonneC. Samuel JohnsonD. Francis Bacon9. Shakespeare‟s plays are written in beautiful English language. He created to express his characters.A. free verseB. blank verseC. regular verseD. short verse10. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include , symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. multiple points of viewB. first person point of viewC. expressionismD. impressionism11. Fitzgerald‟s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of .A. the Jazz AgeB. the Romantic PeriodC. the Renaissance PeriodD. the Neoclassical Period12. In the following writings, which is not the work by Charles Dickens?A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. The Tale of Two CitiesD. The Ring and the Book13. Milton‟s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, which division is not true?A. Early poetic works.B. Early prose works.C. The middle prose pamphlets.D. The last great poems.14. Which of the following figures does not belong to “The Lost Generation?A. Ezra Pound.B. William Carlos Williams.C. Robert Frost.D. Theodore Dreiser.15. In “I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—”, Emily Dickinson describes the moment of death .A. passionatelyB. pessimisticallyC. in despairD. peacefully16. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author‟s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more .A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. humorousD. rational17. is known as “the poet‟s poet”.A. SpenserB. John MiltonC. MarloweD. Robert Frost18. In the novel “Middlemarch”, man protagonist Lydgate is described as .A. conceitedB. pessimisticC. proud and ambitiousD. realistic19. shows how mankind, in the person of Christ, withstand the temper and is established once more in the divine favor.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Beowulf20. Jonathan Swift‟s Gulliver‟s Travels is the greatest work in English literature.A. realisticB. satiricC. romanticD. poetic21. “Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew, /Thou mak‟st thy knife keen;…” In the above quotation taken from The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare employs a(n) .A. oxymoronB. simileC. punD. synecdoche22. The 18th century England is known as the in the history.A. RomanticismB. ClassicismC. RenaissanceD. Enlightenment23. The following comments on George Bernard Shaw are true EXCEPT .A. George Bernard Shaw‟s career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play Widowers‟Houses was put on by the Independent Theater Society.B. Shaw began his literary career by writing novels soon after his settling down in London.C. Shaw‟s writings reflect the combination of realism and naturalism.D. Shaw‟s plays can be termed as problem plays.24. is the author of the writing “Rip Van Winkle”.A. Washington IrvingB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Thomas GrayD.Nathaniel Hawthorne25．Which of the following is not true according to your knowledge?A. Samson Agonistes is a comedy.B. In Samson Agonistes, Milton borrows his story from the Bible.C. The end of Samson Agonistes is a fitting close to the life work of the poet himself.D. In some sense, Samson is Milton.26．The statement “It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life” may well sum up the main theme of Dickens‟.A. Great ExpectationsB. Oliver TwistC. Bleak House D．All the above a re not true.27. Which of the following statements is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving‟s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. Irving‟s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who “perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced.”28. The masterpiece of Bacon which opened a new genre in English literature is .A. philosophyB. scienceC.poemsD. essays29. “Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,And all the air a solemn stillness holds,Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;”The stanza are taken from .A. Elegy Written in a Country ChurchyardB. Paradise LostC. HamletD. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love30. In William Blake‟s later period, he wrote quite a few prophetic books including the following writing EXCEPT .A. The Book of UrizenB. The Book of LosC. MiltonD. Marriage of Heaven and Hell31. The defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are .A. discontinuity and fragmentationB. contorted and obscureC. traditional and gloriousD. prosperous and innovative32. The following comments on John Bunyan are wrong EXCEPT .A. He was a Stout Puritan.B. Bunyan‟s works belong to Gothic novels.C. Bunyan‟s style is different from that of the English Bible.D. A Modest Proposal is his masterpiece.33. The literary form which is fully-developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is .A. proseB. dramaC. novelD. poetry34. is the author of the writing “Ode to a Nightingale”.A. Herman MelvilleB. John KeatsC. Theodore DreiserD. Eugene O‟Neill35. Which of the following writings is not completed by William Blake?A. Songs of Experience.B. Songs of Innocence.C. Marriage of Heaven and Hell.D. Emma.36. “Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to the door—I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother.” The two sentences are found in .A. The School for ScandalB. The RivalsC. The CriticD. The Scheming Literature37. Statements is not true in describing D. H. Lawrence.A. Sons and Lovers in his autobiographical novelB. The White Peacock is his first novelC. Sons and Lovers is his third novelD. The White Peacock established him as a prominent novelist38. Statement is not true in describing Gothic novel.A. Gothic novel is a type of romantic fiction.B. Gothic novel predominated in the early eighteenth century.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and supernaturalD. The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff is typical Gothic romance39. Which writing is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English?A. Samson AgonistesB. Paradise LostC. Paradise RegainedD. Beowulf40. About William Faulkner, in the following statements, which is not true?A. Most of Faulkner‟s works are set in the American South, with his emphasis on the Southern subjects and consciousness.B．Almost all his heroes turn out to be tragic.C. Faulkner has always been regarded as man with great might of invention and experimentation.D. Indian Camp is Faulkner‟s masterpiece.PART TWO(60 POINTS)II. Reading Comprehension(16 points in all，4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．41. “Here in the heart of hell to work in fire, /Or do his errands in the gloomy deep.”Questions：A. Identify the title and the author.B. What‟s the meaning of “in the gloomy deep”?C. What does the poem attempts to convince us?42. “To be, or not to be—that is the question.”Questions：A. Identify the writing from which this sentence is taken.B. Who is the protagonist in this work?C. From this sentence, try to deduce the character of the protagonist.43. “When Miss Emily Gerierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old woman—servant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.”Questions：A. Which work is this passage taken from?B. Why is Miss Emily Gerierson‟s death regarded as a fallen monument?C. Use one or two sentences to discuss Miss Emily Gerierson.44. “So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didn‟t know what to do. At last I had an idea, and I says. I‟ll go and write the letter—and then see if I can pray. Why, it was astonishing, the wayI felt as light as a feather, right straight off, and my troubles all gone. So I got a piece of paper anda pencil, all gald and excited, and set down and wrote:…”Questions：A. Who does “I” refer to?B. Explain why I was full of trouble first, then my troubles all gone.C. Use a sentence to summarize the image of “I”.III．Questions and Answers(24 points in all，6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English．Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet．45. “ …You never give it a chance,‟ she said. Then suddenly all her passion of grief over him broke out. …But it doesn‟t matter!‟ she cried. …And you ought to be happy, you ought to try to be happy, to live to be happy. How could I bear to think your life wouldn‟t be a happy one!‟”(D. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers)Explain why Mrs. Morel couldn‟t bear to think Paul‟s life wouldn‟t be a happy one.46. Charlotte Bronte is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. Why is Jane Eyre by her a successful novel?47. What are the three main principles that Ezra Pound endorsed?48. What does Yoknapatwapha Country stand for in Faulkner‟s novels?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all，10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.49. By analyzing the poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley, discuss his art of poems.50. Briefly discuss The Great Gatsby.参考答案：Ⅰ.1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D6.A7.C8.C9.B 10.A11.A 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.D16.B 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.B21.C 22.D 23. C 24.A 25.A26.B 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.D31.A 32.A 33.D 34.B 35.D36.A 37.D 38.B 39.A 40.DⅡ.41. A. Paradise Lost, John MiltonB. in chaosC. The poem tries to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be temped and, of their free will to choose sin and its inevitable punishment.42. A. William Shakespeare‟s Hamlet.B. Hamlet.C. He is speculative, questioning and contemplative.43. A. A Rose for Emily by William FaulknerB. Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.C. Emily is typical of those who are the symbols of the Old South but the prisoners of the past and she is an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss that accompanies it.44. A. Huckleberry, the protagonist of the novel “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”B. First Huck couldn‟t decide whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is, then he had an idea and wrote an appropriate letter.C. Huck is a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”.Ⅲ.45.(1) Because Mrs. Morel herself was born in a middle-class family.(2) Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman and the disillusion in her husband made her lavish all the affections upon her sons and determine to educate them to realize her ideals of success and happiness; so she couldn‟t bear to think his son, Paul, had an unhappy life.46. (1) The story opens with the titular heroine, Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan.(2) This novel sharply criticize the existing society, e.g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions, the social discrimination Jane experiences and the false social convention as concerning love and marriage.(3) the success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine Jane Eyre.(4) It is an intense moral fable at the same time. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo a series of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.47. (1) Directly treat poetic subjects.(2) Eliminate merely ornamental or superfluous words.(3) Rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequenceof a metronome.48. (1) In William Faulkner‟s writings, the place Yoknapatawpha Country is frequently set as the background. This place is actually an imaginary place based on Faulkner‟s childhood memory about the place where he grew up, the town of Oxford in his native Lafayette Country in the American South.(2) With his rich imagination, Faulkner turned the land, the people and the history of the region into a literary creation and a mythical kingdom. The Yoknapatawpha Country series have an overall pattern in which the fate of a ruined homeland always focuses on the collision of Faulkner‟s intelligent, sensitive, and idealistic protagonist with the society of the twentieth century. Most of the major themes are directly related to this confrontation in Faulkner‟s novels.Ⅳ. 49. (1) Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.(2) His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.(3) His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech.(4) He describes vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us. 50. The Great Gatsby, a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is one of the greatest novels in American literature. It fully explores the disillusionment and despair of the Lost Generation through the personal tragedy of a young man whose “incorruptible dream” is easily smashed into pieces by the crude reality. The protagonist, Gatsby, is a mythical figure whose intensity of dream partakes of a state of mind that embodies American itself. His failure magnifies the end of the American dream. The style of the story is explicit and chilly. Fitzgerald‟s accurate dialogues, his careful observation of mannerism and the colorful images provide the reader with a vivid and profound sense of reality.。

英美文学选读3

英美文学选读试题详解3

英美文学选读自考题-3

自考《英美文学选读》（美）现代文学时期（3）

英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译

自考《英美文学选读》(英)浪漫主义时期(3)-3

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