新编大学英语(第三版)1第一册 unit 1 Grammar and Vocabulary

Unit 1 Personal RelationshipIn-Class Reading The Gift of LifeWords & Usage词汇精讲1.action［用法］n. 行动，行动过程，所作所为，作为e.g. Officials are not planning any drastic action. 官员们没有计划进行大刀阔斧的行动。

［快捷记忆］act v. (立即)行动e.g. Had the rescue workers not acted so swiftly, he would have died.2.balance［用法］n. 平衡，均衡e.g. The outcome of the basketball game was in the balance until the last minute. 那场篮球赛直到最后一分钟也没决出胜负。

e.g. I found it very hard to keep my balance on the icy path.我感到在结冰的小路上行走很难保持身体平衡。

3.injure［用法］v. 伤害，损伤，损害e.g. Nine people died and 54 were injured in the accident.在这次事故中有9人死亡，54人受伤。

［比较］hurt /injure/impair此三词均含有伤害或损害某人或某物之意，injure 指任何种类的伤害，不分大小；e.g. Dishonesty injures a business.hurt 可代替injure，但不如injure正式，尤指对人或动物造成肉体和精神的伤害；e.g. He hurt my hand by twisting it.impair 表示借削弱、缩小、减损力量或价值而伤害e.g. Poor eating habits impair health.［快捷记忆］injury n.Building workers risk injury by not wearing helmets.4. insert v. 插入，嵌入e.g. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle insertedinto his arm.e.g. “Whistle” is not written like that. You have to insert a “t” between the “s” and the “l”.［快捷记忆］insertion n. （into/of）插入，插入物5.occasional adj. 偶尔的，间或发生的e.g. But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying...e.g. Joe is a solid player with occasional flashes of brilliance.［快捷记忆］occasion n. 时刻，时机，机会，特殊（或）重大场合e.g. We tested a similar product on an earlier occasion.e.g. The trip we took together gave us an occasion to get better acquainted.e.g. I only wear a tie on special occasions.6. relief n. 痛苦等）缓解，减轻，解除：（痛苦、忧虑等消除后感到的）轻松，宽心，宽慰减轻；解除；轻松；浮雕；救济(品)；安慰；替代e.g. When she nodded, a look of great relief spread over his face.e.g. They felt relief when the crisis was over.e.g. The medicine the doctor gave me brought relief to my headache.［快捷记忆］relieve v. 减轻，缓解；使宽心，使宽慰e.g. Anxiety may be relieved by talking to friends.e.g. I was greatly relieved at the news.7. stiff adj. 硬的，僵直的，（手脚等）不灵活的e.g. Through all of this Heng lay stiff and silent.e.g. His legs felt stiff from having sat for so long.8. wide-eyed adj.睁大眼睛的e.g. Their request was met with wide-eyed silence.构词法：wide（形容词）+ eye(名词) + ed = 形容词kind-hearted 好心的，仁慈的good-tempered 好脾气的，和气的good-natured 性情温和的，和善的Difficult Sentences 难句详解1.They quickly found the young girl to be badly injured, and it was clear that without immediateaction, she would die from loss of blood and shock. (Line 5，Para3)译文他们很快发现这个女孩伤势严重。

显然，如果不立即采取行动，她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。

该句中clear 常可被其他形容词替换如：it is obvious that, it is apparent that, it is evident that 等，例：It is clear to us that they don't want to do that.我们很清楚地看到他们不愿做那件事。

It was apparent that he was in no condition to travel.他的健康状况显然不宜旅行。

It was evident that she liked him still.很显然她还是喜欢他。

2. Using what little common language they could find, together with a lot of sign language, theytried to explain to the frightened children that unless they could give some blood to their little friend she would certainly die. (Line 16)译文医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。

该句的主干部分是they tried to explain…，其中Using 加宾语从句在句中充当伴随状语，the frightened children 是句子的间接宾语，that 引导的从句为直接宾语。

3. Heng was quickly laid on a bed, his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm. (Line 27)译文兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。

注意本句中分词的独立结构：his arm cleaned with alcohol, and the needle inserted into his arm 表示伴随情况。

分词独立结构可以理解为带逻辑主语的分词结构，在句中作状语，可表示伴随情况或动作，附加说明及时间、原因、条件等。

如：But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs.(伴随动作)Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (原因)Weather permitting, we’ll go there on foot. (条件)4. But now his occasional sob turned to a steady, silent crying, his eyes held tightly shut, his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs.译文但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。

他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。

句中his eyes held tightly shut和his fist in his mouth trying to stop his sobs是带有自己主语的独立结构，表伴随情况。

5. Greater love has no man than this, that he lay down his life for a friend.译文他为了朋友甘愿献出生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。

这句话出自《圣经》（The Bible），原句为：Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friend。

该句为倒装句，句中that he lay down his life for his friend是this的同位语。

把宾语greater love放在句首，起强调作用。

本句的正常语序为：No man has greater love than this, that he lay down his life for his friend.After-Class ReadingWe All Need FriendsWords & Usage词汇精讲1.accidental adj. 意外的，偶然（发生）的It was suggested that the fire was not accidental.［快捷记忆］accident n. 交通事故，意外事件accidentally adv. 偶然地［词组与搭配］：by accident 偶然，无意中by accident of凭着……的机遇（或运气）without accident 顺利而安全的2．appreciate v. (l.9)［用法1］to recognize with gratitude感谢，感激e.g. All of us appreciate the support and help which friends give us.I’d highly appreciate it if you can give us an early reply.［用法2］to value or admire highly 欣赏，鉴赏e.g. It is a pleasure to appreciate the works of such a great artist.3. chase v. 追逐，追求，追捕e.g. Chasing books called for by readers is part of a librarian’s work.Many men become workaholic, chasing success and often neglecting their wives andchildren.［词组与搭配］：in chase of［快捷记忆］chase n.追逐，追赶，被追逐的人（物）4. date v. 与（异性朋友）约会。