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United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. The name "United Nations", coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their Governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.
Functions of the United Nations Today As it was in the past, the main function of the UN today is to maintain peace and security for all of its member states. Though the UN does not maintain its own military, it does have peacekeeping forces which are supplied by its member states. On approval of the UN Security Council, these peacekeepers are often sent to regions where armed conflict has recently ended to discourage combatants from resuming fighting.
United Nations Headquarters in New York City The UN has 4 main purposes To keep peace throughout the world; To develop friendly relations among nations; To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms; To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.
About the General Assembly
The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the UN. Decisions on important questions, such as those on peace and security, admission of new members and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority. Decisions on other questions are by simple majority.
The Secretariat — an international staff working in duty stations
around the world — carries out the diverse day-to-day work of the Organization. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them. At its head is the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term.
The world is changing, and with it the demands on the United Nations. The UN provides a unique platform for international action. It offers unparalleled legitimacy for global engagement, owing to its universal membership; its inclusive decision-making processes; its unequalled reach; and its ability to proviΒιβλιοθήκη Baidue critical services that are essential to international peace, security, stability and prosperity.
For the future, the UN has established what it calls its Millennium Development Goals. Most of its member states and various international organizations have all agreed to achieve these goals relating to reducing poverty, child mortality, fighting diseases and epidemics, and developing a global partnership in terms of international development by 2015
Trusteeship Council
Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to examine and discuss reports from the Administering Authority on the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the peoples of Trust Territories and, in consultation with the Administering Authority, to examine petitions from and undertake periodic and other special missions to Trust Territories.
NEW FUNCTIONS OF ECOSOC At the 2005 World Summit, Heads of State and Government mandated the Economic and Social Council to hold Annual Ministerial Reviews (AMR) and a biennial Development Cooperation Forum (DCF). Annual Ministerial Review The objective of the AMR is to assess progress in achieving the internationally agreed development goals (IADGs) arising out of the major conferences and summits. It consists of an annual thematic review and national voluntary presentations on progress and challenges towards achieving the IADGs, including those contained in their national MDG-based development strategies.
Development Cooperation Forum The objective of the DCF is to enhance the coherence and effectiveness of activities of different development partners. By reviewing trends and progress in international development cooperation, the Forum is to provide policy guidance and recommendations to improve the quality and impact of development cooperation.
Under the Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are: •to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the United Nations; •to investigate any dispute or situation which mightlead to international friction; •to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement; •to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments; •to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to recommend what action should be taken; •to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression; •to take military action against an aggressor; •to recommend the admission of new Members; •to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas";