动词不定式动词过去分词动词ing

1.动词的不定时，动词的过去分词动词的ing

⏹（1）不定式的构成

⏹to+动词原形to为不定式的符号，无意义

⏹（2）不定式短语

⏹带有宾语、不语、等成分的不定式短语例：

⏹to learn how to swim

⏹to enjoy swimming

⏹to swim well

（3）不定式的用法

⏹1.做主语

⏹当不定式做主语时，可以用作两种形式：⏹to do+v 和it+adj+to do

⏹To finish all the work is difficult。

⏹It is difficult to finish all the work.

⏹2.作宾语

⏹I hope to see you in a short time.

⏹He did not mean to hurt your feeling

⏹3.作宾语补足语

⏹will you help my brother（to）do his homework。

⏹please tell him to phone me as soon as possible。

⏹4.作定语

⏹He is not a man to tell a lie.

⏹I need something to cure a cold

⏹5.做状语

⏹You should have finished your paper so as to have enough time to check it.

⏹He is too young to stay at home alone.(不定式作结果状语)

6.作表语

⏹The most important thing for me is to study hard 。

⏹His wish was to meet all the old friends before

he left for America.

⏹7.疑问词+不定式的形式

⏹疑问词how what when where which who whom whether等的后面可以直接接不定式构成不定式短语，常用于及物动词后作宾语，也可在句子中作

主语、补语、或同位语。

I am wondering how to spare some time（作宾语）

I want to make a trip but not decided where to go

⏹We did not know whether to believe him or not.（作宾语）⏹What to eat is still not decided.（做主语）

动词的ing形式

⏹ 1.作主语

⏹Reading is helpful。

⏹Teaching and writing keep me busy。

⏹ 2.作宾语

⏹i like swimming

⏹would you please stop smoking？

⏹ 3.作宾语补足语

⏹I heard her singing an english song at the party .

⏹we found our teacher talking with our classmates.

⏹ 4.作表语

⏹his job is delivering newspapers and magazine.

⏹his enjoyment is travelling.

⏹作定语

⏹many old men have to taking sleeping pills before going

to bed .

⏹she is our dancing teacher.

⏹作状语

⏹relying on her own efforts ,she completed the homework

in time.

⏹They sat facing to facing without a word .

⏹being poor,they could not go home during holiday.

⏹the teacher walked into the classroom following by his

pupil.