学术英语理工类第三篇课文摘要

学术英语理工版课文翻译

Text 1 电脑黑客如‎何进入电脑‎这好像是一‎个直接的问‎题，但是内涵很‎复杂，答案绝不简‎单，如果随便地‎回答，那么黑客通‎过利用弱点‎进入目标电‎脑系统。

但是为了提‎供更多细节‎，我们还是从‎头说起。

“hacke‎r”这个词在意‎义和解释上‎都很有争议‎。

有些人说h‎a cker‎s(开路人) 是好人，他们只是推‎动了知识的‎边界，并没造成什‎么伤害（至少不是故‎意的），而crac‎k er s (打砸者)是真正的坏‎蛋。

这种争论没‎有什么效果‎，如果是为了‎这种讨论的‎目的，术语“未授权的使‎用者”（UU）就足够用了‎。

这个术语包‎含了所有不‎同类型的人‎，从那些参与‎有组织犯罪‎行为的人到‎那些内部人‎士，他们突破了‎在系统中被‎授予的权限‎。

接下来我们‎探讨一下“进入”电脑意味着‎什么。

这可以指获‎得电脑系统‎储存的内容‎，获得系统的‎处理能力，或者捕获系‎统之间交流‎的信息。

每种攻击都‎需要不同的‎技巧，以不同的弱‎点为目标。

那么“未授权的使‎用者”利用的是什‎么？弱点存在于‎每个系统中‎，并且有两种‎弱点：已知的和未‎知的。

已知的弱点‎通常因为需‎要某些能力‎而存在。

比如，为了某个商‎业过程，你需要不同‎的人使用一‎个系统，你就有一个‎已知的弱点‎：使用者。

另一个已知‎弱点的例子‎是通过互联‎网交流的能‎力，为了具备这‎个能力，你要给未知‎和不被信任‎的实体开通‎一条路径。

未知的弱点‎是系统的拥‎有者或操作‎者所不了解‎的，可能是劣质‎工程的结果‎，或者是某些‎被需要的能‎力产生的非‎故意的结果‎。

按照定义，弱点可能被‎利用。

这些弱点可‎以是低级的‎密码保护，也可以是让‎电脑开着，让办公室的‎访客可以利‎用。

只要坐在接‎待员的桌前‎，用他的电脑‎获得需要的‎信息，就有超过一‎种技术被利‎用。

低级的密码‎（比如，用户名“Joe Smith‎”, 密码也是“Joe Smith‎”）也是接近电‎脑的丰富的‎来源：密码破译程‎序可以很容‎易在几分钟‎内确认字典‎中的单词、姓名，甚至常见短‎语。

学术英语(理工)Unit3PPT课件

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学术英语理工
Academic English for Science and Engineering
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学术英语理工第二版unit3课文原文

学术英语理工第二版unit3课文原文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everybody, today I'm going to read you a story from our academic English textbook, unit 3. It's called "The Importance of Recycling". Let's get started!In our world, there are many things that we use every day, like paper, plastic, and glass. But do you know what happens to these things after we throw them away? That's where recycling comes in! Recycling is when we take used materials and turn them into new things. It's like giving old things a second chance to be useful again.Recycling is important for many reasons. One reason is that it helps to protect the environment. When we recycle, we save energy and reduce pollution. This means that we can help to keep our air and water clean for plants, animals, and humans.Another reason why recycling is important is that it helps to save natural resources. By reusing materials like paper and metal, we can prevent the need to cut down more trees or mine moreminerals from the earth. This is good for our planet because it helps to preserve our resources for future generations.So, next time you're done with a piece of paper or a plastic bottle, remember to put it in the recycling bin instead of the trash. By doing this simple act, you can help to make a big difference in the world. Let's all do our part to protect the environment and save our planet!I hope you enjoyed the story and learned something new about recycling. Remember, small actions can make a big impact. Thanks for listening!篇2Hi everyone, today I'm going to share with you the text from Unit 3 of the Academic English for Science and Engineering textbook.The text talks about a scientist named Marie Curie. She was a really smart lady who discovered two new elements called radium and polonium. Can you believe that? She won two Nobel Prizes for her amazing work in chemistry and physics. Wow, what a superstar!Marie Curie faced a lot of challenges in her life, but she never gave up. She was determined to keep learning and exploring the world of science. She even set up a research institute to help other scientists study radiation. She was definitely a role model for all of us.In the text, it also talks about the dangers of working with radiation. Marie Curie was exposed to radiation for many years, and unfortunately, it made her really sick. That's why it's so important for scientists to be careful when they're working with dangerous materials.I think Marie Curie's story is really inspiring. She showed us that with hard work and determination, we can achieve amazing things. I hope we can all learn from her example and never stop pursuing our dreams.So that's the text from Unit 3. I hope you enjoyed it! Let's all be like Marie Curie and keep pushing ourselves to reach new heights in our studies. See you next time! Bye!篇3Unit 3 Lesson 1: What Are Animals Like?Hey guys! Today we're gonna learn about animals in Unit 3 of our Science class! Animals are super cool, right? They come in all shapes and sizes, and live in different places. Let's dive into the world of animals and explore what they are like!First, we have mammals. Mammals are animals that have hair or fur on their bodies. They also give birth to live babies and feed them with milk. Examples of mammals are dogs, cats, and monkeys. They are so cute and fluffy!Next up, we have birds. Birds have feathers, beaks, and lay eggs. They also have wings that help them fly in the sky. Birds come in all colors and sizes, from tiny hummingbirds to big, majestic eagles. It's amazing to see them soar through the air!Then, we have reptiles. Reptiles are animals that have scales, and some of them have shells or plates. They lay eggs on land and most of them are cold-blooded, which means their body temperature changes with their environment. Examples of reptiles are snakes, turtles, and crocodiles. They might look scary, but they're actually pretty cool!After that, we have amphibians. Amphibians are animals that live both on land and in water. They have moist skin and most of them lay eggs in water. Frogs and salamanders are examples of amphibians. They can jump really high and swim super fast!Last but not least, we have fish. Fish have fins, scales, and gills that help them breathe underwater. They come in all kinds of shapes, colors, and sizes. From tiny goldfish to giant whales, fish are truly fascinating creatures of the sea.Wow, learning about animals is so much fun, right? They have different features and behaviors that make them unique. So next time you see an animal, take a moment to appreciate how amazing they are! Keep exploring the world of animals, and let's continue to learn and grow together. Stay curious and keep on shining bright like the stars! See you next time, bye!篇4Hello everyone, today I'm going to share with you the text from Unit 3 of the book "Academic English for Science and Engineering Second Edition". Let's get started!The text is all about renewable energy, which is super important for the environment. It talks about different types of renewable energy like wind power, solar power, and hydropower. These are all sources of clean energy that don't harm the planet like fossil fuels do.Did you know that wind power is created by wind turbines? They look like big fans and they spin around to generateelectricity. Solar power comes from the sun, which is pretty cool. And hydropower is made from water flowing through dams to create energy.Renewable energy is great because it's sustainable, which means we can keep using it without running out. Plus, it helps to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, which is awin-win for the planet!I hope you learned something new from this text. Let's all do our part to support renewable energy and take care of our Earth. Thanks for listening!篇5Unit 3 Our EarthHi everyone, today let's learn about our Earth! Our Earth is a super cool place filled with all kinds of amazing things. It's the planet we live on, and we need to take care of it.First, let's talk about the Earth's crust. The Earth's crust is like the outer skin of our planet. It's made up of different layers and it's super tough. Sometimes the Earth's crust moves around, causing earthquakes and volcanoes. It's important to be prepared for these natural disasters.Next, let's talk about the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere is the air around us. It's made up of different gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide. Plants need carbon dioxide to photosynthesize and give us oxygen to breathe. So, it's really important to take care of our plants and trees.Now, let's talk about the Earth's water. The Earth has lots of water in the oceans, rivers, lakes, and even in the air as clouds. Water is super important for all living things, like plants and animals. We should all try to save water and not waste it.Last but not least, let's talk about the Earth's resources. The Earth gives us so many resources like minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. It's important to use these resources wisely and not waste them. We should also try to find renewable sources of energy, like solar and wind power.In conclusion, our Earth is an amazing place that we need to take care of. Let's all do our part to protect our planet and make it a better place for future generations. Remember, we only have one Earth, so let's cherish it and keep it clean and healthy. Thank you for listening!篇6Unit 3Hello everyone, today we are going to learn about a new unit in our Science and Technology textbook. In this unit, we will explore the topic of the Earth's atmosphere and weather.The atmosphere is like a big blanket that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of different gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. These gases are important because they help to keep the Earth warm and protect us from harmful rays from the sun.Have you ever wondered why it rains or snows? Well, it's all because of the weather! The weather is made up of different factors like temperature, humidity, and air pressure. When these factors change, it can cause different types of weather like rain, wind, or snow.Do you know what a thermometer is used for? It's a tool that measures the temperature of the air. Scientists use thermometers to help them study the weather and predict what it will be like in the future.Another important tool that scientists use is a barometer. This measures the air pressure, which can tell us if a storm is coming or if the weather will be clear and sunny.So, the next time you look up at the sky, remember that there is a lot happening in the atmosphere above us. By learningabout the Earth's atmosphere and weather, we can better understand the world around us. Isn't that cool? Let's keep exploring and learning more about science and technology!篇7Hello everyone! Today, I'm going to share with you the text from the book "Academic English for Science and Engineering Second Edition Unit 3". It's all about different kinds of energy and how they are used in our daily lives. Let's get started!The first type of energy we will talk about is mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is the energy that an object has because of its motion or position. For example, when you kick a soccer ball, the energy from your leg is transferred to the ball, causing it to move. It's like magic, but it's actually science!Next up is thermal energy. Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat. When you cook food on the stove, the heat is transferred from the stove to the food, making it hot and yummy. Without thermal energy, we wouldn't be able to cook our favorite meals or stay warm in the winter.Now, let's talk about electrical energy. Electrical energy is the energy that comes from the flow of electrons. It powers ourphones, computers, and lights. Can you imagine a world without electricity? It would be so boring and dark!Last but not least, we have chemical energy. Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. When you eat food, your body breaks down the chemical bonds to release energy, which gives you the energy to run and play.So, there you have it! Different types of energy that make our world go round. Remember, energy is all around us and it's up to us to use it wisely. Thanks for listening, and I hope you learned something new today!篇8Unit 3 Lesson 1: Living ThingsHey there! Today we are going to learn all about living things. Living things are everywhere around us. Plants, animals, and even you and me are all living things!Plants are living things that make their own food through a process called photosynthesis. They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Plants also help us breathe by releasing oxygen into the air.Animals are another type of living thing. They need to eat food to survive. Some animals eat plants, some animals eat other animals, and some eat both! Animals also move around and grow, just like us.Humans are also living things. We need to eat, drink, breathe, and sleep to stay healthy. We have different organs in our bodies that help us do these things. Our heart pumps blood, our lungs help us breathe, and our brain helps us think and learn.There are so many different living things in the world, big and small. Some live on land, some live in the water, and some even fly in the sky! Living things come in all shapes, sizes, and colors.So, next time you see a plant, an animal, or even yourself in the mirror, remember that we are all living things. Let's take care of each other and the environment around us. Happy learning!篇9Unit 3 SharingHello everyone! Today, we are going to learn about sharing. Sharing is a very important thing to do because it makes otherpeople happy. When you share with others, you are being kind and thoughtful.Sharing can be done in many ways. You can share your toys with your friends, share your snacks with your classmates, or share your ideas with your family. By sharing, you are showing that you care about others and that you are willing to help them.When you share, you are also learning how to cooperate and work together. Sharing helps build strong relationships and friendships. It also teaches you to be generous and considerate.In school, we share things all the time. We share our pencils and erasers with our classmates. We share our books and papers with our friends. We also share our knowledge and ideas with our teachers and classmates.Sharing is not just about giving things away. It is also about listening and being open to other people's ideas. When you share, you are creating a positive and supportive environment.So, let's remember to share with others and show them kindness and respect. Let's work together and make the world a better place for everyone. Share the love and spread happiness! Thank you for listening and remember, sharing is caring!篇10Unit 3 Our EnvironmentHi everyone, today we're going to learn about our environment! Our environment is super important because it's where we live and play every day. We want to keep our environment clean and healthy so that we can all be happy and safe.First, let's talk about air pollution. Air pollution is when there are dirty things in the air that can hurt our lungs and make us sick. Some things that cause air pollution are cars, factories, and even just burning things like trash. We can help reduce air pollution by walking or biking instead of driving, and by picking up trash so it doesn't get burned.Next, let's chat about water pollution. Water pollution happens when dirty things get into our rivers, lakes, and oceans. This can make the water unsafe for us to drink and for animals to live in. We can help prevent water pollution by not dumping chemicals down the drain and by picking up trash near water sources.Lastly, let's touch on land pollution. Land pollution is when we litter and leave trash on the ground instead of throwing it away properly. This can harm animals and plants that live in the environment. We can help stop land pollution by alwaysthrowing our trash in the trash cans and by recycling things like bottles and cans.Remember, it's super duper important to take care of our environment so that it stays clean and healthy for all of us. Let's work together to make our world a better place!。

学术英语(理工版)摘要(完整版)

Text1 How do computer hackers “get inside”a computerAbstract：Computer vulnerabilities are often utilized by hackers or crackers. The security of each computer is challenging. This paper firstly redefines the term “hacker”, “cracker” and “getting inside” the computers and describes the procedure in detail. The term “unauthorized user” (UU) will be a better choice for defining the insider group. The known and unknown vulnerabilities will be taken advantage of by UUs ranging from poor password protection to leaving a computer turned on and physically accessible to visitors in the office. The first step of employing technical exploits will be the determination of the specifications of the target system. There are two ways of attacking including being through capabilities inherent in hypertext transfer protocol (http) and being preprogrammed against specific vulnerabilities and launched without any specific target. The variability of hacking action including the weak system and the strong system warns the users to choose the right way to protect the computer and do not authorize the computer to others easily. Lastly, the solution of avoiding vulnerabilities has been given, including updating patches, making complex passwords, getting information only from the reliable websites or services, updatinganti-virus software and backing up the data to protect the computer not being hacked.摘要：计算机漏洞经常被黑客破解使用。

学术英语听力课文翻译unit3

Unit3Driving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006开车打电话比酒后驾车更糟糕. 美国东部时间2006年6月29日21:44:27 Thursday, June 29 －Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report.6月29日，星期四－美国研究人员报告，机动交通时电话交谈增加五倍的事故可能性，实际上比酒后驾车更危险，。

That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.研究人员指出，这个发现在司机拿着手机或使用免提装置时保持准确，。

“As a society, we have agreed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk －cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.“作为一个社会，我们都同意不容忍与酒后驾车有关的风险，”研究员弗兰克德鲁斯，一个在犹他大学的心理学助理教授说，“这项研究告诉我们，人在打手机时使自己和别人处于类似的风险－手机实际上是一个更高的风险”。

学术英语医学Unit3,7,9课文课本翻译

学术英语unit1,unit3,unit4,unit9课文翻译Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。

虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。

我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。

我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。

有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。

如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。

有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。

奥索里奥夫人 56 岁，是我的病人。

她有点超重。

她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。

她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。

她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA 骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。

尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。

总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。

以下是整个 20 分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。

她做了血液化验，这是好事。

血糖好点了。

胆固醇不是很好。

可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。

她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。

我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30 分钟的事。

糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。

我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度 DEXA 扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。

我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。

演讲稿学术英语(理工)详解答案-Unit-3.ppt

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2) ozone layer: is a layer in Earth’s atmosphere containing relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3).
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methane makes it an att精ra心c整t理ive fuel.
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理工英语3阅读16篇加翻译(修订210925).docx

《理工英语3》阅读16篇Unit IFive Tips for Making Your House Greener使房子更环保的5个建议There arc plenty of ways to make your house greener. It doesn't matter how many people reside in your home. It doesn't even matter about the size of your home. What matters is how your house looks and how it affects you and others residing in it.有许多方法使你的房子变得更环保，不管有多少人住在你的房子里，也不管你的房子有多大，要紧的是你的房子看起来如何以及它怎样影响你和住在房子里的其他人。

It is very important to make your house greener because it has a direct impact on your health. If you keep your house green, you avoid the risk of many dangerous diseases. Here are some ways to keep your house greener.把房子变得更环保十分重要，因为这直接关系到你的健康。

如果房子环保，你就防止了罹患许多危险疾病的风险。

以下是使房子更环保的几种方法。

1. Good and reliable interior1.室内建筑要优质环保Indoor material must be of good quality for windows, doors, cupboards etc. These things play an important role in keeping the house green. Doors and cupboards must be of high quality wood. Aluminum windows should be used. You should use high-quality paints for walls, doors, windows and cupboards.室内窗、门和橱柜等一定要用优质材料，这些对于保持房子环保起着重要的作用。

学术英语(理工类)_Unit1-2-3-4-5全539页

Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
Additional questions for your understanding of Text 1
3 How to protect yourself against computer attacks?
In which aspect do the two essays share the same idea? Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.
Unit 1 Choosing a Topic
1 Deciding on a topic
In which aspect do the two essays differ?
U.S. Dollars. 16 __e_x_p_lo_i_t ___ (开拓) a new market in the city 17 be absorbed in the social _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_in_g_ (社交网络) 18 __i_n_v_o_lv_e___ (涉及) unnecessary extra charges 19 only one __in_s_t_a_n_ce___ (实例) out of many 20 get to know more about the _s_p_e_c_ifi_c_a_ti_o_n (具体的细节) of
This term covers the entire range of folks, from those involved in organized criminal activities to insiders who are pushing the limits of what they are authorized to do on a system.

理工英语3作文写作

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!As an engineering student, I often find myself immersed in a world of calculations and equations. It's a world where numbers and formulas rule, and creativity takes a back seat. But every now and then, I come across a problem that requires a different kind of thinking – a problemthat can't be solved by crunching numbers alone.In these situations, I have to tap into my problem-solving skills and think outside the box. I have to consider different perspectives and explore unconventional solutions. It's like being a detective, searching for clues and piecing together a puzzle. It's challenging, but also incredibly rewarding when I finally find the solution.One of the things I love about engineering is that it's not just about solving problems – it's about creating something new. Whether it's designing a new product or improving an existing one, engineering allows me to unleash my creativity and bring my ideas to life. It's like beingan artist, except instead of a paintbrush, I use tools like CAD software and 3D printers.But engineering is not just about technical skills –it's also about teamwork. In the real world, engineers rarely work alone. They collaborate with colleagues from different disciplines, each bringing their own expertise to the table. It's like being part of a symphony orchestra, where every instrument plays a crucial role in creating a harmonious piece of music.In addition to technical skills and teamwork, engineering also requires a strong sense of ethics. Engineers have the power to shape the world we live in, and with that power comes great responsibility. We must consider the environmental and social impacts of our work, and strive to create sustainable and equitable solutions. It's like being a guardian, protecting the planet and its inhabitants for future generations.In conclusion, engineering is a diverse and dynamic field that requires a combination of technical skills,creativity, teamwork, and ethics. It's a world where numbers and formulas meet problem-solving and innovation. It's a world where engineers are like detectives, artists, symphony conductors, and guardians all rolled into one. And it's a world that I am proud to be a part of.。

学术英语(理工)Unit3课后习题解答

Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
1) CO2: is a greenhouse gas which plays a major role in global warming and anthropogenic climate change. It is also a major source of ocean acidification which dissolves in water forming carbonic acid.
Telling an interesting story or an anecdote
Introducing the points to be covered in the talk directly
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
2 Paying attention to the introduction
学术英语理工
Academic English
for Science and Engineering
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
Unit Contents
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture 2 Paying attention to the introduction
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
3) greenhouse: is a structure with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming visible so absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building. 4) methane: is the simplest alkane, the main component of natural gas, and probably the most abundant organic compound on earth. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel.

学术英语unit 3

Nucleotide
• chloride , sulphide, • carbide, oxide, hydride
Polymorphism
• • • • -ism showing qualities typical of heroism Americanism
• medical condition or disease • Alcoholism • dwarfism
Flu
viruses
Myopia
prolonged close work, excessive reading viral (HBV, HCV, etc.), bacterial, parasitic, fungal infections alcohol, autoimmune, inherited
The disease
Multiple sclerosis
• • • • What is it? Causes ? Symptoms? Cure?
• Excrete • Secrete
• methyl • methane • Methanol
• Folic acid • Foliage
Disease
Causes
Treatments
Flu
Myopia Hepatitis
Disease
Causes
Treatments
rest, clear fluids, cool damp washcloth to reduce fever, warm blanket to calm chills, cough medicine, antiviral medications, usually no need of antibiotics

学术英语理工版课文翻译text1-11(1)

Text 1 电脑黑客如何进入电脑这好像是一个直接的问题，但是内涵很复杂，答案绝不简单，如果随便地回答，那么黑客通过利用弱点进入目标电脑系统。

但是为了提供更多细节，我们还是从头说起。

“hacker”这个词在意义和解释上都很有争议。

有些人说hackers(开路人) 是好人，他们只是推动了知识的边界，并没造成什么伤害（至少不是故意的），而crackers (打砸者)是真正的坏蛋。

这种争论没有什么效果，如果是为了这种讨论的目的，术语“未授权的使用者”（UU）就足够用了。

这个术语包含了所有不同类型的人，从那些参与有组织犯罪行为的人到那些内部人士，他们突破了在系统中被授予的权限。

接下来我们探讨一下“进入”电脑意味着什么。

这可以指获得电脑系统储存的内容，获得系统的处理能力，或者捕获系统之间交流的信息。

每种攻击都需要不同的技巧，以不同的弱点为目标。

那么“未授权的使用者”利用的是什么？弱点存在于每个系统中，并且有两种弱点：已知的和未知的。

已知的弱点通常因为需要某些能力而存在。

比如，为了某个商业过程，你需要不同的人使用一个系统，你就有一个已知的弱点：使用者。

另一个已知弱点的例子是通过互联网交流的能力，为了具备这个能力，你要给未知和不被信任的实体开通一条路径。

未知的弱点是系统的拥有者或操作者所不了解的，可能是劣质工程的结果，或者是某些被需要的能力产生的非故意的结果。

按照定义，弱点可能被利用。

这些弱点可以是低级的密码保护，也可以是让电脑开着，让办公室的访客可以利用。

只要坐在接待员的桌前，用他的电脑获得需要的信息，就有超过一种技术被利用。

低级的密码（比如，用户名“Joe Smith”, 密码也是“Joe Smith”）也是接近电脑的丰富的来源：密码破译程序可以很容易在几分钟内确认字典中的单词、姓名，甚至常见短语。

通过用数字代替字母，使这些密码更复杂。

比如用0来代替字母O，并不会使任务更复杂。

当未获授权的使用者使用有效的用户名—密码组合，进入系统就是简单的登录了。

理工英语3阅读理解部分文本

理工英语3阅读理解部分文本第一篇Five Tips for Making Your House Greener使房子更环保的5个建议There are plenty of ways to make your house greener. It doesn't matter how many people reside in your home. It doesn't even matter about the size of your home. What matters is how your house looks and how it affects you and others residing in it.有许多方法使你的房子变得更环保，不管有多少人住在你的房子里，也不管你的房子有多大，要紧的是你的房子看起来如何以及它怎样影响你和住在房子里的其他人。

It is very important to make your house greener because it has a direct impact on your health. If you keep your house green, you avoid the risk of many dangerous diseases. Here are some ways to keep your house greener.把房子变得更环保十分重要，因为这直接关系到你的健康。

如果房子环保，你就避免了罹患许多危险疾病的风险。

以下是使房子更环保的几种方法。

1. Good and reliable interior1.室内建筑要优质环保Indoor material must be of good quality for windows, doors, cupboards etc. These things play an important role in keeping the house green. Doors and cupboards must be of high quality wood. Aluminum windows should be used. You should use high-quality paints for walls, doors, windows and cupboards.室内窗、门和橱柜等一定要用优质材料，这些对于保持房子环保起着重要的作用。

学术英语理工详解答案 Unit 3

Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
5) Kyoto Protocol:
is a protocol to the United Natinge (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at fighting global warming.
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
Tips before listening to a lecture:
and words.
6) Bring loose leaf paper or spiral bound notebooks. Or
bring a laptop if you prefer to take notes on it and if the
room is set up with ample power outlets and space.
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
Tips before listening to a lecture:
5) Check the meanings and pronunciations of the terms

学术英语理工详解答案Unit3

Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
Tips before listening to a lecture:
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
3) greenhouse: is a structure with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building.
Unit 3 Listening to Lectures
1 Preparing for listening to a lecture
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1 What are the definitions of the following terms?
5) Kyoto Protocol: is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or FCCC), aimed at fighting global warming.