(英语)高二英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Just a few years out of law school, I decided that I wanted to write fictions. The only thing I had ever published before was a law-review article. I had made great efforts to write when I came home at night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.
I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.
In my first year, I sold two stories. Then I wrote a novel, but I thought it wasn't good enough, so I ended up putting it in a drawer. My second novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, was published to glowing reviews and received the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.
My success sounds like a familiar story, but actually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.
Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.
（1）When did the author decide to devote himself to writing fictions?
A. When he was tired from his work.
B. Straight after graduation from law school.
C. On being informed his law-review article came out.
D. When his hobby was disturbed by his work.
（2）We can infer from the second paragraph that the author .
A. led a wealthy life
B. arranged his life reasonably
C. was too diligent to relax himself
D. remained single
（3）What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage?
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
C. It is never too old to learn.
D. It is the first step that costs troublesome.
（4）Why did the author give the example of Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot?
A. To make a comparison between them and himself.
B. To show creativity needs energy and efforts.
C. To persuade the readers of their great talents.
D. To recommend their two masterpieces.【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己成功的经历，进一步证实了“失败是成功之母”的道理。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“I had made great efforts to write when I came home at
night after work, but I was too tired. I decided to quit my job.”可知，当他的爱好被他的工作打扰时，作者决定投身于写作小说。

故选D。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“I began my new life on a February morning. I sat down at my kitchen table at 7:30 am and made a resolution. Every day I would write until lunchtime. Then I would lie down on the floor for 20 minutes to rest my mind. After that, I would return to work for a few more hours.”可知，我们可以从第二段推断出作者合理安排了他的生活。

故选B。

(3)考查目的意图。

根据第四段中的“My success sounds like a familiar story, but a ctually it was far from sudden. I quit my job, and for every story I published in those years, I had at least 30 rejections. The novel that I put away in the drawer took my four years. My breakthrough came in 2006, 18 years after I first sat down to write at my kitchen table.”可推知，失败是成功之母。

故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Sometimes genius (天才) is just the thing that comes out after 20 years of working at your kitchen. Also, doing something truly creative requires the energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, Citizen Kan, at 25. T. S. Eliot wrote The Love Song of J. Afred Prufrock at 23.”可知，作者引用Orson Welles and T. S. Eliot的例子是为了要表现出创造力需要能量和努力。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目的意图三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Basic information about three classical movies
1 Forrest Gump
"Stupid is as stupid does," says Forrest Gump (played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for a bus. Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century... (Click here to show more)
Rating: PG-13 (Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Romance
Directed By: Robert Zemeckis
Written By: Eric Roth
In Theaters: Jul 6, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Aug 28, 2001
Box Office： $ 330,000,000
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Paramount Pictures
2 Rain Man
Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his long-estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitt's $ 3 million estate, Charlie learns that all he's inherited is his dad's prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster. Discovering that the $ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is…(Click here to show more)
Rating: R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: Drama
Directed By: Barry Levinson
Written By: Ronald Bass, Barry Morrow, David Rayfiel, Barry Levinson
In Theaters: Dec 16, 1988 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Jan 1, 2000
Runtime: 133 minutes
Studio: MGM
3 The Shawshank Redemption
In 1946, a banker named Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. He's sentenced to a life term at the Shawshank State Prison in Maine, where another lifer, Ellis "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman), picks him as the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. But... (Click here to show more)
Rating: R (Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)
Genre: A Prison Drama
Directed By: Frank Darabont
Written By: Frank Darabont
In Theaters: Sep 10, 1994 Wide
On Disc/Streaming: Jan 27, 1998
Runtime: 142 minutes
Studio: Columbia Pictures
（1）Who is the director of Rain Man?
A.Frank Darabont.
B.Barry Morrow.
C.Barry Levinson
D.Robert Zemeckis.
（2）The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .
A.prison drama
B.romance
C.love
edy
（3）Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?
A.Andy Dufresne.
B.Charlie Babbitt.
C.Forrest Gump.
D.Rain Man.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。

这三部电影是《阿甘正传》、《雨人》和《肖申克的救赎》。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Rain Man部分中的“Directed By:Barry Levinson”可知，Rain Man 的导演是Barry Levinson。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据The Shaw shank Redemption部分中的“Genre: A Prison Drama，”可知，The Shaw shank Redemption电影的体裁是A Prison Drama监狱剧，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Forrest Gump部分中的"‘Stupid is as stupid does,’says Forrest Gump ... Despite his sub-normal IQ, Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（Forrest Gump）的饰演者汤姆·汉克斯说...。

尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘过着一种真正令人神往的生活。

可知，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聪明。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes
you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.
Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.
In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.
（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A. present an argument
B. make preparations for statement
C. arouse readers' interest
D. function as a brief introduction
（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?
A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.
B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.
C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.
D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.
（3）What do we know about Glenn?
A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.
B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.
C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.
D. Glenn organized a track team in college.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Strengthen determination
B. Stand up after failure
C. Go after dreams
D. Face difficulty bravely
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。

文章通过
Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”
（1）推理判断题。

根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。

故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。

根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。

”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。

看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

4．阅读理解
One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine. We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on. We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than Antarctica, or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.
Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星） in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive. Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Tombaugh's task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light, a planet that the observatory's founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune. On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds
of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
（1）Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?
A. Because it lost its major planet status.
B. Because it disappeared in the sky.
C. Because it was discovered by an American.
D. Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.
（2）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh
B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy
C. Pluto's Strange Romance
D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania
（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A. Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.
B. Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.
C. Clyde Tombaugh's job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.
D. Clyde Tombaugh's telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.
（4）What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A. Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system.
B. Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system.
C. Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky.
D. Pluto is not a planet in the solar system, but it is more than a planet.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了小时候作者对冥王星的认识，以及冥王星被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了冥王星的神秘和魅力，这使作者认识到宇宙是无穷的，也是不断变化的，需要我们不停去探索。

( 1 )推理判断题。

根据第三段Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”（矮星）in 2006, captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system可知，在2006年冥王星被从太阳系大行星中被去除，失去了其大行星地位，故选A。

( 2 )主旨大意题。

文章主要讲述的是冥王星的被发现和被从太阳系去除的经过，更表现了它的神秘和魅力。

C项“冥王星的奇怪浪漫史”概括全文，故选C。

( 3 )推理判断题。

根据第四段Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out
of spare auto parts, old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.和On February 18，1930，Tombaugh found it. Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American, and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression's dark encroachment (入侵).可知，是Clyde Tombaugh用他简陋的仪器发现了冥王星，成了第一个发现行星的美国人，并且给黑暗的大萧条时期带来了一线光明。

故选D。

( 4 )猜测句意题。

此句指冥王星的发现并不仅仅是一颗行星，它还让我们知道了宇宙无限大，天空根本不是极限，它们是不断变化的需要我们去探索。

故选D。

【点评】考查科普类短文阅读。

5．阅读理解
Since 2013, Torobo, a robotic arm designed to test the limits of artificial intelligence, has had one ambition—to be admitted to the University of Tokyo. However, it has repeatedly failed. This year was no exception.
In early November Torobo took an exam to prepare for an all-important standardized test. While Torobo's total score of 525 out of 950 was 14 points higher than in 2015，its standard score of 57.1% was slightly lower, because human students did better in the 2016 test.
Though the score，which is higher than the national average, is enough to get the robot admitted to many other famous Japanese universities,
it falls short of the minimum required for the University of Tokyo.
A closer analysis of the results showed that Torobo's newly programmed ability to solve complex physics problems helped increase its
year-over-year physics score from 46. 5% to 59%. The robot also dug deep into its database of information from textbooks and websites to obtain
an impressive 66.3% in world history. The average 60% scores acquired in the two math sections, were not too shabby either.
But，while Torobo is able to handle knowledge-based questions and ones involving complex mathematical calculations, it has a hard time thinking independently. As a result, the robot is unable to fully understand multiple sentences and phrases to arrive at the logical conclusions required in the English language tests. This weakness was reflected in the weak oral and writing scores, which came in at 36.2% and 50.5%, respectively.
Fortunately, after four tiring years, the robot's creators have decided to free Torobo from its annual test-taking suffering, the research team will instead focus on improving the robot's ability to pick out specific answers from massive sets of data—a skill that led to its excellent history scores. They believe the expertise(专业技术）will help Torobo succeed as an industrial robot. （1）What is the disadvantage of Torobo?
A. It has much difficulty searching for facts.
B. It doesn't own language skills.
C. It has weak independent thinking ability.
D. It couldn't get through the exams.
（2）What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?
A. the score
B. Torobo
C. the University of Tokyo
D. the national average （3）What did the exam results show?
A. Torobo's score didn't reach the national average.
B. Torobo's programmed ability improved its math score.
C. Torobo was admitted to a university.
D. Torobo did well in the history exam.
（4）What is the text mainly about?
A. Subjects a robot are good at.
B. A robot's performances in exams.
C. Majors that are suitable for a robot.
D. A robot's ways to deal with exams.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款用来测试人工智能极限的机器人在考试中的表现和它的弊端。

（1）C 细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段的前两句内容可知，Torobo的缺点是不擅长独立思考，不能理解复杂的句子。

故选C.
（2）A 词义猜测题。

根据上半句“Though the score，…, is enough to get the robot admitted to many other famous Japanese universities,”可知，前半句从句的主语the score就是主句的主语it所代指的。

故选A.
（3）D 细节理解题。

根据第四段各个学科得分的比较以及最后一段可知，Torobo的历史成绩非常好。

故选D.
（4）B 主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了参加考试的机器人在各个学科方面的不同表现。

故选B.
【点评】本文是一篇关于介绍机器人的说明性阅读理解。

主要以细节理解题为主，抓住关键词，理解文章主旨。

其中第二题比较有难度，需要排除其它选项。

主旨题看前面一，二段一般可以透漏出端倪。

6．阅读理解
Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and helps them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy maker Hasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. The researchers received a $ 3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project. They want to find ways to add artificial intelligence, or A.I., to Hasbro's “Joy for All” robotic
The cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollars, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people. Now the project is aimed at developing additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Brown's Humanity-Centered Robotics Initiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope to make the cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lost objects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.
It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mother Mary Derr lives with her in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴呆). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this year
has become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott is at work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.
The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities and how they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking cat, however. Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a special way to successfully communicate its message. In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.
（1）What's the purpose of the project?
A. To relieve the pain of the elderly.
B. To promote the sales of a medicine.
C. To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.
D. To help make the robotic cat smarter.
（2）Compared with the old model, the new robotic cat will be
A. smaller
B. cheaper
C. more talkative
D. more expensive
（3）What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?
A. The cat gives much help to the elderly.
B. The more functions of the cat, the better.
C. There is no cure for dementia at present.
D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. A talking cat is quite popular among the elderly.
B. Feelings of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.
C. Each family can afford such a cat in the future.
D. The feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要介绍新型的人工智能机器猫。

机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助，同时机器猫也离不开他们。

被需要的感觉是至关重要的。

他们甚至可以帮助防止老年人的孤独和悲伤情绪。

(1)目的意图题。

根据第一段第一句Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person company and help them remember to take their medicine.项目的目地是帮助机器猫更聪明。

故答案选D。

(2)推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句They also want to keep the cost down to just a few hundred dollars.可知，与旧模型相比新的机器猫更便宜。

故答案选B。

(3)段落大意题。

根据第三段最后一句Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可知，机器猫会给老年人更多的帮助。

故答案选A。

(4)推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后两句In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which the human feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可知，
被需要的感觉是至关重要的。

故答案选D。

【点评】推论性考察题一般包括事实推断、指代推断、逻辑推断和对作者意图与观点的推断。

常见的提问方式有：①The writer believes that ＿＿＿＿.②From this passage we can guess ＿＿＿＿.③The write suggests that ＿＿＿＿。

除了一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案外，其他诸如对条件变化、因果关系以及作者意图等较为深层的逻辑推断题，则必须要建立在对全文的理解基础上，通过文章所提供的线索，加以综合分析，才能做出正确的推断。

7．阅读理解
A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called "silent cafés", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I'm going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.
（1）What is special about the "silent cafes"?
A. It provides various tea and books.
B. It has attracted many popular young people.
C. It offers service by writing not by speaking.
D. People are not allowed to communicate.（2）Which of the following statement can't account for the idea of being alone in Japan?
A. Unstable economic situation
B. A change in traditional family support pattern
C. The rising demand for privacy
D. The increasing social isolation
（3）What do we know about Higashikokubaru?
A. She doesn't like to be a nurse.
B. She doesn't like the life in big cities.
C. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.
D. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.
（4）What is the best title of the passage?
A. Lonely Japanese
B. One woman wedding
C. Social recluses in Japan
D. Silent cafes 【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本如今兴起的“无声咖啡馆"的相关信息，特殊服务方式以及原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called ‘silent cafés’, where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.”可知在这家餐厅里顾客和服务员的交流是通过手写实现的。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation.”可知在日本出现这一现象是因为经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。

故ABD三项都是原因。

只有C项文章没有提及。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time.”可知Chihiro Higashikokubaru旅行90分钟来到东京享受solo time，说明她很喜欢solo time，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据文章主题段第一段可知在日本出现了“silent cafes”并介绍了在日本出现的新的社会现象，人们越来越喜欢独处。

同时分析了出现这一现象的原因主要是经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。

D项与主题段相关，能够很快切入主旨，可做文章的标题。

选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
We want our children to succeed, in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed if they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. At first sight this seems contradictory. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?
The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice, attempting jumps that stretch their limitations. This is why they fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, remaining within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. The truth, however, is that by never failing, they never progress.
What is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed
prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum before coining up with the design that made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put it: “You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”
In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have healthy egos(自我)(particularly the senior doctors) and partly because they fear litigation(诉讼). The consequence is that instead of learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes are repeated. According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. Until healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. But let us return to children. One of the major mistakes in education in the 1970s was the attempt to equip children with confidence by giving them lots of successes （setting the bar very low）. The consequence was that the ego of kids became bound up with success, and they became unable to take risks and collapsed as soon as they hit a proper challenge.
We need to flip(翻转) this approach. In a complex world, failure is inevitable. It is those individuals and institutions that have the flexibility to face up to failure, learn the lessons and adapt which eventually excel(突出).
（1）The question raised in the first paragraph is to ________.
A. open up a discussion on the topic
B. analyze the reason for success
C. express the author's opposition
D. doubt the abilities of the top skaters
（2）Which of the following is the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
（3）What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How we can avoid failure in life
B. What we should learn from failure
C. Why failure is the key to flying high
D. Where we further improve ourselves
【答案】（1）A。