高职大二英语课文翻译
Unit高职英语课文及翻译定稿版
U n i t高职英语课文及翻译HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Unit 1 Text A College—A Transition Point in My Life1 When I first entered college as a freshman, I was afraid that I was not able to do well in my studies. I was afraid of being off by myself, away from my family for the first time. Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me. I would have to make friends with them and perhaps also compete with them for grades in courses I would take. Were they smarter than I was? Could I keep up with them? Would they accept me?2 I soon learned that my life was now up to me. I had to set a study program if I wanted to succeed in my courses. I had to regulate the time I spent studying and the time I spent socializing. I had to decide when to go to bed, when and what to eat, when and what to drink, and with whom to be friendly. These questions I had to answer for myself.3 At first, life was a bit difficult. I made mistakes in how I used my time.I spent too much time making friends. I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college.4 Shortly, however, I had my life under control. I managed to go to class on time, do my first assignments and hand them in, and pass my first exams with fairly good grades. In addition, I made a few friends with whom I felt comfortable and with whom I could share my fears. I set up a routine that was really my own — a routine that met my needs.5 As a result, I began to look upon myself from a different perspective.I began to see myself as a person responsible for myself and responsible formy friends and family. It felt good to make my own decisions and see thosedecisions turn out to be wise ones. I guess that this is all part of whatpeople call “growing up.”6 What did life have in store for me? At that stage in my life, I reallywas not certain where I would ultimately go in life and what I would do withthe years ahead of me. But I knew that I would be able to handle what wasahead because I had successfully jumped this important hurdle in my life: Ihad made the transition from a person dependent on my family for emotionalsupport to a person who was responsible for myself.大学——我一生中的转折点作为一名一年级新生初进大学时，我害怕自己在学业上搞不好。
高职大二英语课文翻译B
Disney Mirrors American CultureLast fall, the Walt Disney Company did something rare: it admitted defeat in its fight to build a history theme park in park was going to be called "Disney's America".Some people might be wondering, however, if Disney lost the battle but won the war, as it seems everyone is living in Disney's America these days.With its purchase of Capital Cities/ABC Inc. last month, the company founded by Walter Elias Disney in 1923 deepened its claim on American culture. In fact, it would be hard to find another company so widely respected—even loved—by Americans.Americans rush out to see Disney films, and then replay them—on videotapes; they read Disney books to their children;they watch Disney shows on Disney TV;they make trips to Disneyland and Disney World, where they stay in Disney hotels and eat Disney food;Americans buy Disney products at Disney stores, and listen to Disney records of Disney songs.The world of Disney is becoming anything but small.All this makes some people more than a little upset. Harold Bloom, a professor at Yale University, provides an examination of the cultural history of Western society."At the end of this road lies cultural uniformity of the worst kind. It's just terrible."This is becoming a popular opinion in universities around the world."Disney products," said Paul Fussell, a professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania, "have always seemed to me seriously sub-adult."Those who oppose Disney and there are many see its films and by-products as sexist, racist and as simpler, cheered-up accounts of American history and folklore."There's a kind of protection at work here," said Henry Giroux, a professor at Penn State University. Like all those opposed to Disney, he can list, in detail, Disney's many crimes against culture:he is very angry, for example, about the treatment of American Indians in Pocahontas."I mean, the entire history of what happened to the Indians, which some people would call the murder of their people, is sort of played out as a love story," he said angrily.Giroux said he believes that Disney has become a basic educator of America's children, most of whom will be able to perform every word of The Lion King long before they even learn US President Abraham Lincoln's historic Gettysburg Address.However, even the most strongly opposed are quick to note that Disney has many positive values—cheerfulness, good-hearted fun, and a tradition of artistic quality—that help explain its success. Critical or not, most of those who oppose the company are Disney customers themselves.迪斯尼——美国文化的一面镜子去年秋天,沃尔特·迪斯尼公司做了一件罕见的事情：它承认自己争取在弗吉尼亚州建造一个历史主题公园的努力失败了;公园原本打算命名为“迪斯尼美国公园”;不过,有些人会这样想,迪斯尼只不过是输了一次战斗,但赢了一场战争,这是因为,这些年来人人似乎都生活在迪斯尼的美国;随着迪斯尼公司在上月购买了美国广播公司大都会电视台网之后,这家由沃尔特·伊莱亚斯·迪斯尼在1923年创建的公司进一步代表了美国文化;确实,很难再找出另一家公司像迪斯尼这样受到美国人如此普遍的尊敬,甚至可以说普遍的热爱;美国人争着去看迪斯尼拍的电影,然后再重看电影录像；他们给孩子念迪斯尼的故事；他们在迪斯尼电视频道上观看迪斯尼节目；他们去迪斯尼乐园和迪斯尼世界游玩,在那儿他们住的是迪斯尼饭店,吃的是迪斯尼食品；美国人还在迪斯尼商店里购买迪斯尼商品,耳边听的是迪斯尼歌曲唱片;迪斯尼的世界可真不小啊这一切让有些人感到忧心忡忡;耶鲁大学的教授哈罗德·布卢姆对西方社会的文化历史做了一番审视;“这条路走到最后的结果便是再糟糕不过的文化单一性;实在太可怕了;”这一观点在世界各地的大学越来越受到认同;“迪斯尼产品,”宾州大学的英语教授保罗·富塞尔说,“在我看来实在很幼稚;”反对迪斯尼的人而且为数不少认为迪斯尼电影及其副产品充满了性别歧视和种族歧视,是美国历史及民间传说的简化版、轻松版;“这其中有一种偏袒护短的倾向,”宾州州立大学的一位教授亨利·吉罗说;和其他迪斯尼的反对者一样,他详细地列举了迪斯尼所犯的文化罪行：比如,迪斯尼在风中奇缘一片中对美国印第安人那段悲惨历史的种种处理手法就令他非常气愤;“我的意思是,印第安人遭遇的整个历史,有人称之为对印第安人的屠杀,而在该片中却被演绎成一个爱情故事,”他愤愤不平地说;吉罗认为迪斯尼已经成了美国孩子的主要教育者,这些孩子早在学习美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯那篇具有历史意义的葛底斯堡演说之前,大多数就能背诵狮子王中的每句台词了;尽管如此,最强烈的反对者也很快指出了迪斯尼具有的诸多价值：轻松愉快、善意风趣、优良的艺术传统,这些都是迪斯尼成功的原因;不管是否存心挑剔,反对迪斯尼公司的那些人自己大多也是迪斯尼的顾客;Heavy Body, Not Heavy HeartIn pictures from college I was worked full time, went to school full time, smoked, and lived off fast food and soft say that I don't look like myself in those looked ill, sad, and unhealthy.Now, at a weight considered to be dangerously high by medical charts, I live better than ever. I have given up smoking, and I eat a lot of vegetables; I enjoy walking, swimming and dancing exercise and eat well because I love living, not because I want to lose doctor tells me I am healthy, and this is much more important than being show that overweight people who exercise have a lower death rate than "normal" weight people who do not.Negative attitudes toward fat people begin in childhood. One study showed that, as early as nursery school, children liked pictures of disabled children of similar ages better than those of fat , a study of college students said they would rather marry a drug user, a thief, or a blind person than someone who was attitudes create discrimination that affects fat people in every aspect of their lives, including money fact, overweight, white women usually earn less than thin, white women—24 percent less, according to one study.People often justify their judgments about fat people by saying that people choose to be fat. ChooseWho would choose life as a fat person in this weight-obsessed cultureThere are many false ideas about fat people in society: that all fat people have eating disorders or emotional or mental issues;that if they really wanted to lose weight they could.In reality, however, some people are naturally fat. How a person is born is simply science, not a comment on someone's Center for Disease Control reports that 78 percent of American women are trying hard to lose weight, and at an amazing failure rate—95 percent get back what they've lost within two to five years.The often-heard comment of "you have such a pretty face" does not please me because of all that's not said: "If you'd just lose the weight you'd be beautiful." Beauty is a taught concept and the cultural standards for beauty change constantly.Later in life, I was happy to learn that some cultures have very different standards of beauty. While I was visiting the British Virgin Islands, a local man invited me to be in a picture with him on the asked, "Why me There are women who look like models here.""Bones are for dogs," he said with a smile. "Meat is for men."体胖心宽在大学的照片上我很瘦;那时我全天工作,全天上学,抽烟,吃快餐,喝软饮料;朋友们说现在的我和照片中的我一点都不像;那时的我看上去一脸病态、情绪低落、身体很差;根据医学标准,我现在的体重已经超标到危险的程度,但我的生活状况比以前任何时候都好;我戒了烟,每天吃很多蔬菜；我喜欢散步、游泳、学跳舞;我积极锻炼、注意饮食,并不是为了减肥,而是因为我热爱生活;医生说我很健康,这比苗条重要得多;研究表明坚持运动的肥胖者的死亡率比不运动的“正常”体重者低得多;人们从孩童时代就开始歧视肥胖者;一项研究表明,在幼儿园,孩子们更喜欢同龄的残疾儿童的照片而不喜欢肥胖儿童的照片;与此相似,一项对大学生的调查显示,他们宁可同吸毒者、小偷或盲人结婚,也不愿意同肥胖者结婚;这类态度导致了肥胖者在生活各方面受到歧视,包括经济方面;事实上,一项研究表明肥胖的白种妇女的收入比苗条的白种妇女少24%;人们常常为歧视肥胖者找借口,认为肥胖是自己选择的;选择在这样一个对体重高度敏感的文化中谁愿意选择做胖子呢社会上对于肥胖存在种种错误观念：所有的肥胖者都有饮食、感情或精神问题；要是他们真正想减肥,是可以做到的;然而,事实上,有些人天生就肥胖;人的体型是一个科学问题,而不应该成为评价一个人性格的依据;疾病控制中心的报告表明78%的美国妇女正竭力试图减肥,但成功率却出奇的低——其中95%的人在2至5年内又恢复了原来的体重;常常有人对我说“你有一张漂亮的脸;”我却对此不以为然,因为我知道他们的潜台词：“你要是瘦一些的话会很漂亮的;”其实美是别人教给的概念,而且美的文化标准也在不断变化;后来的生活中我欣喜地了解到,不同文化的审美标准是不同的;有一次我到英属维尔京群岛,一名当地人邀请我和他在海滩上一起拍照;我问他：“你为什么选我呢这儿有些女人身材好得像模特;”他微笑着对我说：“狗才喜欢骨头,男人喜欢肉;”Unforgettable LifeWith more than 20 million records sold, and several Grammy awards to show for it, Natalie Cole, the daughter of famous singer Nat King Cole, has made a name for herselfin music.Along with her great success, however, Natalie Cole has lived in a world of drugs, crime, and failed marriages."I have been to hell and back," she says.In the book Angel on My Shoulder, Cole gives us an honest look at the difficult path she has taken, sharing, as well, her successful recovery."Where I'm at now helps me to look back on my life and realize that I've really had quite acolorful and rich life," she says. "I really could have turned out to be a different person."As the second daughter of Maria and Nat King Cole, Natalie had as normal a childhood as was possible for a little girl whose father spent much of his time away from home. With hopes of one day becoming a doctor, she left her family in Los Angeles to attend a boarding school on the east when she was 14, she received some terrible news: her father was dying of lung than two months later, in 1965, Nat King Cole died at the age of 47.During her college years at Amherst, Cole began to experiment with drugs, though they didn't stop her from joining a music group. She played in small clubs on the east coast, using drugs more and more frequently.Without enough money to pay the bills and to support her drug habit, Cole turned to stealing and got into trouble with the law. Eventually, she became so badly affected by the drugs that she decided to quit on the spot.She says it was a miracle—the work of an angel on her shoulder. Her drug habit kicked, Natalie's career really began to take two years after being arrested and almost dying because of drugs, Cole's first record won two Grammies.In 1976, she married Marvin Yancy, her songwriter and soon had a son, Robbie, and Cole's life really seemed to be coming together."Marriage to Marvin, and Robbie, was like a breath of pure, fresh air," she says. "I was with a man whom I loved and who loved me... we were just so close."Sadly, the marriage wouldn't last. After four years of being drug-free, Cole was once again using.In 1983, Cole checked herself into a recovery program, and was finally able to mend the wounds from her difficult past.After narrowly escaping death once again, Cole decided to record her father's greatest hits, including the phenomenal success Unforgettable: With Love.Cole, who has fought and won many battles to find personal happiness, says "I'm so grateful for the way my life has turned out."无法忘记的生活唱片销量超过两千万张,并因此而赢得数项格莱美奖,纳塔莉·科尔——着名歌手纳特·金·科尔的女儿——在音乐界一举成名;然而,除了巨大的成功之外,纳塔莉·科尔的世界里还曾充斥着毒品、犯罪和失败的婚姻;“我去过地狱,又回来了,”她说;在我肩膀上的天使一书中,科尔真实地向我们展现了她走过的艰难道路,也讲述了她如何成功地康复;“我现在所拥有的一切让我回顾我的人生,并认识到我的生活是多么的丰富多彩,”她说;“我真的有可能已成为另一个不同的人;”纳塔莉是玛莉亚和纳特·金·科尔的二女儿,对于一个父亲时常不在家的小女孩来说,她的童年已经算是够正常的了;怀着做一名医生的愿望,她离开了洛杉矶的家,去东海岸上寄宿学校;但在14岁那年,噩耗传来：她的父亲患了肺癌,已经奄奄一息;不到两个月,也就是1965年,纳特·金·科尔去世了,享年47岁;在阿默斯特上大学期间,科尔开始尝试吸毒,不过毒品并没有妨碍她加入到一个音乐组合;她在东海岸的一些小俱乐部里表演,吸毒也越来越频繁;因为没有足够的钱支付账单和购买毒品,科尔开始偷盗,后来惹上了官司;由于深受毒品之害,她终于下定决心立即戒毒;她说那是个奇迹——是她肩膀上的天使创造的;戒毒后,纳塔莉的事业真正开始蒸蒸日上;在经历了被捕和因吸毒而差点送命仅仅两年之后,科尔的首张唱片便赢得了两项格莱美奖;1976年,她嫁给了她的歌曲创作人兼制作人马文·扬西;他们很快有了一个儿子——罗比,科尔的生活似乎真的是日臻完善;“与马文的婚姻,以及有了罗比之后的生活,就像是呼吸纯净、新鲜的空气,”她说;“我是和一个我爱的并且也爱我的人在一起……我们亲密无间;”不幸的是,他们的婚姻并不长久;戒毒四年之后,科尔又一次开始吸毒; 1983年,科尔报名参加了一个康复计划,旧日的创伤终于得以愈合; 在又一次死里逃生之后,科尔决心录制她父亲的成功之作,包括红极一时的难以忘怀：带着爱;为了找到自己的幸福,科尔投入并打赢了多次战役,她说：“我很感激生活对我的最终安排;”My Mother and IDad had lost any purpose in life. We had to watch him getting weaker and weaker, while my mother seemed even more energetic than still had a job to do—shopping, cooking and running the household. She was necessary. Dad, on the other hand, felt he wasn't much needed.He died six years after they moved into the apartment. I think he died in self-defense.Dad was the kindest man I have ever , I was never able to know him as well as I never spoke of things close to his heart. Maybe he couldn't. I know that he loved all his children. However, affection in my family was never really shown, and so I think somehow I never learned to express my love to him.I was with Dad on the night he longed to be able to sit by his bedside and say, "Dad, thank you for being so good to us. I love you, Dad." Every time I tried, I was overcome with embarrassment. I felt that even then he would think it wrong for me to share my most private feelings.After Dad died, all of us gathered to support our mother. I'd visit her twice a day and listen while she talked about her life with my father. She kept him alive in spirit. The great thing about my mother was that she had no regrets; she was satisfied with how she and Dad had lived their lives together.I remember once, when my husband and I had been listening to her all afternoon, my mother said, as we left, "Now that I've talked to you both, I feel ten years younger."As we went down the stairs, I said to my husband, "And we feel ten years older." Yet, we were both content that she felt better.It's all very well for me to say that Dad died in self-defense, that my mother ruled and overshadowed him. Perhaps this was what he wanted—someone to make all the to the very end, he respected his wife and she him. Perhaps, towards the end, he simply wanted peace.It's only since he died that my mother has felt the need to talk about him; while he was there, her life was complete.For the next fifteen years, my mother seemed to become even more she was well over eighty, she thought nothing of walking for miles at a impatient to wait for the bus, my mother would start out each journey with a serious expression on her face.Despite my mother's fierce independence, she still admitted to being lonely. I used to say how lucky she was to have five of us children and her grandchildren going to see her so regularly. Yet, she was never pleased. In response, she just insisted that she was alone in this world, andthat she had been the one to care for Dad in good times and bad.These days, I try and focus on my mother's goodness—her energy and her strength. Contrary to what she says, I'm convinced that beneath her external anger and disappointment, my mother is a woman who doesn't know how to express her feelings either.I guess there are still some things we both have to learn together.我和母亲父亲已失去了所有的生活目标;我们无奈地看着他一天天虚弱下去,倒是母亲比以前看上去更精神了;她仍有事要做——购物、烧饭、操持家务;家里样样少不了她,而父亲却觉得大家都不再需要他了;他们搬进公寓后过了6年,父亲去世了;我想,他用死来获得解脱;父亲是我遇到的最善良的人;但我却从没有能够像我所希望的那样充分了解他;他从不谈及他内心的东西;也许他只是不知道怎么去谈;我只知道他爱他的每一个孩子;但是,我们家的人从不真正表露对彼此的爱,所以我想在某种程度上我也从未学会如何表达我对他的爱;他去世的那天晚上我就在他身旁;我渴望能够坐在他的床边对他说：“爸爸,谢谢你对我们这么好;我爱你,爸爸;”可每次我想说这些话的时候,都因难为情而无法开口;我觉得即使在他弥留之际,他也会认为我这样把自己内心的感受告诉别人是不妥的;父亲去世后,我们一起去安慰母亲;我一天去看她两次,听她谈和父亲一起生活的情景;他一直活在她心里;母亲的伟大之处在于她从不觉得有什么遗憾；她对她和父亲同甘共苦的日子感到十分满意;记得有一次,我和丈夫听她聊了一个下午;我们走时,母亲说：“同你们俩聊聊,我觉得自己年轻了10岁;”下楼梯时,我对丈夫说：“我们可觉得自己老了10岁;”不过,能让母亲心情愉快些,我们都感到高兴; 由于一切都由母亲说了算,相比之下父亲就黯然失色了,因此我说父亲是用死来获得解脱并非言过其实;也许这正是他所想要的：凡事须有人替他做决定;即使在生命的最后时刻,他和妻子也互相尊重;或许到最后,他只是想获得平静; 直到他去世后,母亲才想到要谈谈他；只有这样她的人生才是完整的; 随后的15年,母亲好像变得越发精神了;一口气走几英里的路,对早已年过80的她来说只是小事一桩;每次等车等烦了,母亲便神情严肃地开始步行; 尽管母亲相当独立,但还是承认自己很孤独;我过去常说,她有我们这5个孩子还有孙子孙女们经常去看她是多么幸运;但她从不满意;相反,她却硬说自己在这个世上是孤身一人,只有她一人无论是顺境还是逆境都在照顾着父亲; 最近,我努力去想母亲的优点——她精力旺盛、个性坚强;与她所说的正相反,虽然表面上她常常生我们的气,好像对我们很失望,但我确信母亲其实也是一个不善于表达感情的女人; 我想有些东西还需要我们共同去学习;Never Too Old to Live Your DreamThe first day of school, the professor, upon arrival, introduced himself to our chemistry class and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look she was, a little old lady smiling at me."Hi, handsome. My name is Rose, and I'm eighty-seven years I give you a hug""Of course you may" I laughed and had to bend down for her to give me a big hug."Why are you in college at such a young age" I asked.She jokingly replied, "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.""No, seriously," I was curious as to why she was taking on such a challenge at her age."I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one" she told me.We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave classtogether and talk was often silent, listening in wonder to this "time machine" as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.Over the course of the school year, Rose became popular and easily made friends wherever she went. She was humorous and lively, loved to dress up, and enjoyed getting so much attention from the other students.At the end of the term, we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner, and I'll never forget what she taught us that night.She was introduced and stepped up to the she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her three-by-five cards on the little bit embarrassed, she moved closer to the microphone and simply said, "I'm sorry I'm so wine is killing meI'll never get my speech back in order, so let me just tell you what I know."As we laughed, she cleared her throat and began:We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playin.There are only two secrets to staying young, being happy and achieving success.Number one: you have to laugh and find humor each and every day.Number two: you've got to have a you lose your dreams, you have so many people walking around who are dead and they don't even know itThere is a giant difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing, you will still turn twenty years I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything, I will still turn can grow older—that doesn't take any talent or idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change.Moreover, I advise you to have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what they did, but rather, for the things they did not only people who fear death are those with regrets.Rose finally obtained the college degree she began all those years ago, and one week after graduation, she died peacefully in her sleep.Shortly after that, over two thousand college students attended her all came to honor the wonderful woman who taught by example that you're never too old to live your dream.人老志不穷开学第一天,教授一到教室就向我们的化学课班作了自我介绍,并鼓励我们去认识一个那时我们还不认识的人;我站起来环顾四周;她就站在那儿,一位正在朝着我微笑的小个子老太太;“嗨,帅小伙儿;我叫罗斯,87岁;我能拥抱你一下吗”“当然可以”我笑道,然后不得不俯下身子,让她结结实实地拥抱了一下;“你为什么这么年轻还来读大学”我问道;她开玩笑地回答：“我来这儿是为了认识一个有钱的丈夫,嫁给他,生几个小孩,然后退休去旅行;”“不,说真的,”我问道;我很好奇,她这么大岁数了为什么还要接受这样一个挑战;“我一直梦想着上大学读书,现在我就在读了呀”她告诉我;我们马上成了朋友;接下来的三个月里,我们每天都一起离开教室,不停地交谈;我常常默不作声,满怀惊奇地听这部“时间机器”与我分享她的智慧和经验;一学年的时间里,罗斯到哪里都受到欢迎而且很容易和别人成为朋友;她幽默、活跃、爱打扮,并且喜欢成为其他学生注意的焦点;学期结束时,我们邀请罗斯在我们的橄榄球晚宴上讲话,我永远都不会忘记那晚她教给我们的东西;经别人介绍后她走上讲台;就在她要开始事先准备好的演讲时,她把自己那些三乘五英寸见方的卡片掉到了地上;她有点难为情,靠近麦克风,只是说：“很抱歉,我喝多了;这酒快要了我的命我怎么都没法整理好我的演讲稿了,所以,就让我把我知道的东西告诉你们吧;”我们大笑起来,可她却清了清嗓子,开始说道：“我们不能因为上了年纪就不玩耍了,不玩耍我们就会变老;保持年轻、快乐,成功地生活只有两个秘密：第一,你必须每天都开怀大笑,寻找幽默;第二,你必须有一个梦想,当你失去了梦想时,你就死了;很多人只是行尸走肉,但他们自己却不知道长大和成长之间有着巨大的差别;如果你19岁,整整一年躺在床上不做一件有创造性的事,你也还是会长大,变成20岁;如果我87岁,整整一年躺在床上,什么事也不干,我也还是会变成88岁,谁都会长大、变老,那不需要任何天赋或能力;关键是,要不停地在变化中寻找机遇,这样才能成长起来;而且,我建议你们不要有遗憾;老年人通常不会为做过的事遗憾,而会为还没有做过的事感到遗憾;只有那些有遗憾的人才会怕死;”罗斯最后终于获得了多年前就开始攻读的大学学位,毕业一个星期后,她在睡梦中安祥地去世了;随后不久,两千多名大学生参加了她的葬礼;我们都来向这位了不起的女士表示敬意,她为我们树立了榜样,告诉我们人到老都可以实现自己的梦想;Be Smart OnlineComputers and modems are excellent at connecting us to worlds of fun. But look out you never know who's at the other end of the line.Criminal Inspector Frank Clark "walks" around shadowy places at night, looking for criminals. But he doesn't do it on foot or in a does it with his computer.Part of Clark's job for the police office in Tacoma, Wash., is protecting kids who use a computer and a modem, kids can go "online" and communicate with other computer users around the can exchange messages, games, and even files containing photographs and voices.It's the danger is that you can never be sure of whom you're talking to can lead to trouble."The problems are very serious," Clark says."You have no idea if the person is playing a role and it could thus be could be using false names and say anything they want."Most of the problems occur on the major online services. They offer "chat rooms" in which strangers can "talk", along with easy-to-use electronic also offer parental controls that can be used to monitor and shut down these rooms.Such controls are needed adults hang out at online chat rooms, pretending to be kids, and trying to learn about kids' claim to share those same interests, hoping that kids will exchange e-mail with them or even talk on the , they try to trick kids into talking aboutnot-so-nice topics.The most frightening thing is when they arrange to meet kids in person. In the worst cases, children have been happened to a 10-year-old boy in Maryland in 1993.Kids can get into other illegal trouble online, as well.When "good kids meet bad kids", as it's known, the "bad" kids often take control.Doug Rehman, a special officer with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, says this has led to cases in which kids have stolen credit-card numbers and ordered things online."A kid might think, 'I'll try it once to see what happens' ," Rehman says.What happens is that, eventually, the kid gets arrested for stealing.When you get several million people together, as online services do, there are bound to be some strange ones on the loose. This shouldn't spoil your fun, though—as long as you are careful online."I haven't had any problems, nor have any of my friends," says Matt Ellis, a 13-year-old in Scottsdale, Ariz. "If I ever did, I would just log off."The experts and kids we interviewed all agree that the benefits of being online far outweigh the risks.There is no need for alarm, as long as you are aware. Computers are tools, and like any other tool, they must be used with are some helpful suggestions the experts recommend: Keep conversations with strangers to public places online, not in e-mail;Don't give anyone online your real last name, phone number, or your home address;Don't respond if someone sends you e-mail saying things that make you feel uncomfortable;Be careful whom you talk to;Never talk to anyone by phone if you know them only online; andNever agree to meet someone you've met online any place offline.Be smart online and have fun谨慎上网电脑和“猫”调制解调器真是棒极了,它们给我们带来无穷的乐趣;但是得小心：谁知道网络的那头是什么人物;刑警弗兰克·克拉克晚上总是在阴暗的地方“巡逻”,搜寻罪犯;然而,他“巡逻”不是靠步行,也不是驾车,而是通过电脑;克拉克在华盛顿州塔科马警察局的部分工作就是保护使用电脑的孩子;有电脑和“猫”,孩子们就可以上“网”,和世界各地其他电脑使用者交流;他们交换信息、游戏,甚至是带图像和声音的文件; 这很有趣;但危险的是,你永远不能确定自己和谁在网上聊天;这就产生了问题;“问题很严重,”克拉克说,“你不知道对方是在扮演哪个角色,这就可能造成很大的危害;他们可能使用假名,信口开河;”大多数问题都与主要的网络服务有关;除了易于使用的电子邮件外,它们还提供给陌生人可以“交谈”的“聊天室”;此外它们还提供家长监控功能,利用这一功能可以监控或关闭聊天室; 这种监控功能实在是太。
新视野大学英语教程第三版(高职高专版)读写教程第二册课文翻译
The First McDonald's RestaurantEven though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol. Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonald's restaurant in history.McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn down.Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonald's building design.Many people have good memories of that old McDonald's.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories.McDonald's explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey don't agree with this line of thinking, though.One woman says, "I think it's terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. It's a big lie."Another Downey resident remarks, "I am so upset. They don't respect the public at all. They haven't even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurant again."McDonald's managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seatinginside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead.Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonald's can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonald's real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.Modern McDonald's restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in ter, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonald's is trying to change history, though the company denies this.To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, "We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald's. The McDonald brothers did."These days, a group of historians want the building to be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald's from tearing the building down. The McDonald's managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.Everyone hopes that the McDonald's managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boardscover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonald's, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away.第一家麦当劳餐馆虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。
高职大二英语课文翻译
The First McDonald's RestaurantEven Even though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries , it still becam became e a cultural symbol.Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonald's restaurant in history.McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn down.Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonald's building design. Many people have good memories of that old McDonald's.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed , along with their memories.McDonald's explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake , and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey don't agree with this line of thinking, though.One woman says, "I think it's terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. It's a big lie."Another Downey resident remarks, "I am remarks, "I am so upset. They don't respect the so upset. They don't respect the public at all. They haven't even tried. They could do som at all. They haven't even tried. They could do some small repairs and m e small repairs and m e small repairs and make ake it a good restaurant again."McDonald's m anagers say the restaurant is losing money at that location . There is no room There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was im they say it was impossible to fix.The m possible to fix.The m possible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building anagers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead.Building inspectors , on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonald's can certainly afford to pay that amount .Som .Some think that McDonald's e think that McDonald's real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with m wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.oney.Modern McDonald's restaurants often have a sign claiming that a m that a man named an named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however , is that Mr . Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in ter McDonald in ter, Mr , Mr . Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, m . Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in any people in Downey think McDonald's is trying to change history, though the com pany denies this.To local historians, this explanation m makes total sense.akes total sense.One historian said, "We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald's. The McDonald brothers did."These days, a group of historians want the building to be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald's from tearing the building down. The McDonald's m anagers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.Everyone hopes that the McDonald's m Everyone hopes that the McDonald's managers and the people of Downey will anagers and the people of Downey will soon find peace . The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to rem remember ember their McDonald's, taking pictures of a m oment in history before it gets taken away.第一家麦当劳餐馆虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。
高职英语2课文翻译
Unit31.It’s important to know your objectives on a business trip, andto set out with those goals in mind and how toaccomplish them. But along the way, something rather amazing happens when you travel on business. You may go to some pretty amazing places, and get chances to see things you would have never sought out on your own.翻译:了解出差的目的,出发时牢记目标并清楚如何达成目标,这些都是很重要的。
但在途中也会发生一些有趣的事情。
你可能会去到一些令人惊叹的地方,有机会看到你自己可能永远都发现不了的东西。
2.Business trips don’t have to be all about business. There are times when you have completed your work andyou can take in some of the local color, attractions and good food. The first resource to find out what is really cool to enjoy in the city or town you are visiting is the locals. If you go to a faraway town to conduct business with a partner or vendor, they are often more than happy to show you the lay of the land and what is fun to see and do in the town.翻译:商务旅行不必都是生意。
高职国际英语进阶综合教程第2册unit2课文原文和译文
高职国际英语进阶综合教程第2册unit2课文原文和译文Text A Office etiquetteOffice etiquette is something that helps you to get along with your colleagues even if you are not on friendly terms. It also helps you make sure that you don’t annoy people with bad habits or comments, and influences how your colleagues will respond to you when you need help. Most office etiquette is unwritten, but this does not mean you should ignore it. There are always codes of conduct that you must pay attention to, as will be made clear in the rest of the article.Be punctual. As a newcomer, you should arrive early, not just on the first day and don’t be the first to leave at the end of the day. Don’t be late for any appointment. It shows that you respect your colleagues’ time and, in return, they will respect your time, too.Respect other people’s privacy. Knock before you enter someone’s office and do not read any correspondence lying on somebody’s desk. If you need to discuss a private matter with a colleague, make sure nobody else can overhear you. Personal issues should not be made into a public topic.Don’t gossip or complain. Sharing professional information is good; gossiping is not. Gossip usually gets passed around quickly and can reflect poorly on you. Limit your comments about your co-workers to positive ones only. It does nothing but harm to complain about anyone, including your boss, your office mate or any co-workers.Don’t disturb others. Always apologise if you inter rupt a discussion, someone’s concentration or other activity. Be aware of how loudly you may be speaking. If people in other cubiclesor offices comment on your conversations, perhaps your voice is too loud. You should either close your office door or lower your voice.Be neat and clean. Take a shower regularly and wear appropriate office clothes. It shows respect for both your colleagues and clients and is a sign that you are professional. Keep your personal workspace clean and neat at all times, for a mes sy desk will make people think that you’re an unorganised person.Be polite to everyone.Smile a lot and be friendly. Treat your co-workers, cleaners, maintenance people and others with the same respect and politeness. Showappreciation for any help offered to you.Be considerate. Wash and return all kitchen items to their proper place and clean anything you have spilt. If you have used the last drop of milk, either tell the person responsible for supplies or buy a replacement. Leave the photocopier in working condition. Return the stapler that you borrowed with at least a few staples left inside. When you use up all the paper in the printer, put more in it for the next person. If a machine jams, try to undo the jam or to tell somebody about it.In short, office etiquette is about being respectful and polite in the office. It is an essential part of growing professionally and becoming a more mature person in the business world.译文：办公室礼仪办公室礼仪能帮助你与同事和睦相处（哪怕关系未必融洽），让你确保自己不因为坏习惯或不当的言论而惹恼别人，进而影响你的同事在你需要帮助时的反应。
Unit高职英语课文及翻译
Unit 1 Text A College—A Transition Point in My Life1 When I first entered college as a freshman, I was afraid thatI was not able to do well in my studies. I was afraid of being off by myself, away from my family for the first time. Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me.I would have to make friends with them and perhaps also compete with them for grades in courses I would take. Were they smarter than I was Could I keep up with them Would they accept me2 I soon learned that my life was now up to me. I had to set a study program if I wanted to succeed in my courses. I had to regulate the time I spent studying and the time I spent socializing. I had to decide when to go to bed, when and what to eat, when and what to drink, and with whom to be friendly. These questions I had to answer for myself.3 At first, life was a bit difficult. I made mistakes in how I used my time. I spent too much time making friends. I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college.4 Shortly, however, I had my life under control. I managed to go to class on time, do my first assignments and hand them in, and pass my first exams with fairly good grades. In addition, I made a few friends with whom I felt comfortable and with whom I could share my fears. I set up a routine that was really my own — a routine that met my needs.5 As a result, I began to look upon myself from a different perspective. I began to see myself as a person responsible formyself and responsible for my friends and family. It felt good tomake my own decisions and see those decisions turn out to be wiseones. I guess that this is all part of what people call “growingup.”6 What did life have in store for me At that stage in my life,I really was not certain where I would ultimately go in life andwhat I would do with the years ahead of me. But I knew that Iwould be able to handle what was ahead because I had successfullyjumped this important hurdle in my life: I had made the transitionfrom a person dependent on my family for emotional support to aperson who was responsible for myself.大学——我一生中(de)转折点作为一名一年级新生初进大学时,我害怕自己在学业上搞不好.我害怕独自一人在外,因为我是第一次远离家人.在这里,周围都是我不认识(de)人,而他们也不认识我.我得和他们交朋友,或许还得在我要学(de)课程上跟他们在分数上进行竞争.他们比我更聪明吗我跟得上他们吗他们会接受我吗我很快就认识到,我(de)生活现在就取决于我自己了.如果我要在学业上取得成功,我就必须制定一份学习计划.我必须调整花在学习上(de)时间和花在社交上(de)时间.我必须决定什么时候上床睡觉,什么时候吃什么,什么时候喝什么,对什么人表示友好.这些问题我都得自己回答.开始时,生活有点艰难.我在怎样利用时间上犯了错误.我在交朋友上花(de)时间太多了.我还在怎样选择大学里(de)第一批朋友上犯了一些错误.然而不久,我就控制住了自己(de)生活.我做到了按时上课,完成并交上了第一批作业,而且以相当好(de)成绩通过了前几次考试.此外,我还交了一些朋友,跟他们在一起我感到很自在,我能把我担心(de)事告诉他们.我建立了一种真正属于我自己(de)常规——一种满足了我(de)需要(de)常规.结果,我开始从一个不同(de)视角看待我自己了.我开始把自己看作是一个对自己负责也对朋友和家人负责(de)人.凡事自己做决定并看到这些决定最终证明是明智(de)决定,这种感觉很好.我猜想这就是人们所说(de)“成长”(de)一部分吧.我未来(de)生活将会怎样呢在人生(de)这一阶段,我真(de)不能确定我(de)人生之路最终将会走向何方,我真(de)不知道在以后(de)几年中我会做什么.但我知道,我能应对未来,因为我已经成功地跃过了我生命中(de)这一重要障碍：我已经完成了从一个依赖家人给予感情支持(de)人向一个对自己负责(de)人(de)过渡.Unit 2 Text A He Helped the Blind1 Blind and wanting to read — those were the realities of Louis Braille’s life. The desire to read easily led to the Braille system. January 4 is Braille Day. That day honors the blind. Butwe should also remember Louis and what he achieved by age 15.2 Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in France. He lived with his parents, two older sisters, and one older brother in a small, stone house in Coupvray.3 Three-year-old Louis went to his father’s workshop. Louis’s father was a saddle maker who made items out of leather. Imitating his father, Louis tried to cut a piece of leather with a small knife. His hand slipped, and the point of the knife went into his eye. The doctors took care of him the best they could, but the injured eye got infected. Then the infection spread to his good eye. Louis became blind.4 Louis went to a public school and learned by listening to the teacher. To do his homework, his sister and a friend read the assignments to him. Soon Louis was at the top of his class.5 One day, the pastor of Louis’s church came to Louis’s house and told his parents of a school for the blind in Paris. Louis’s parents decided to send him to the school when he was nine years old.6 Louis wanted very much to read. The school had only 14 books for blind people; the books were big and heavy. The letters were large and raised; one book took a long time to read. Louis thought there must be a better way to read.7 When Louis was 12, Charles Barbier, a French Army officer, came to the school. Barbier developed an alphabet code used by army soldiers. The code was used to deliver messages to the soldiers at night. It was made up of dots and dashes. It kept the messages secret even if the enemy would see them, but the code was too complicated for the blind. Louis thought the code was slow and the dashes took up too much space. Only one or two sentences fit on a page.8 Over the next three years, Louis worked to simplify the code. On a vacation at home, Louis, age 15, picked up a blunt awl. Aha An idea came to him. He made the alphabet using only six dots. Different dots were raised for different letters. Later, he madea system for numbers and music.9 Today, Braille is in nearly every language around the world. Louis Braille, at age 15, changed the lives of blind people when he created the six-dot Braille system. It is fitting that January 4, Louis’s birthday, is considered Braille Day, in honor of the blind.他帮助了盲人眼睛瞎了而又想读书——这就是路易·布莱叶(de)生活现实.想顺利进行阅读(de)愿望导致了布莱叶盲字体系(de)产生.1月4日是布拉耶日.这一节日是向盲人表示敬意.我们还应该记住路易和他在15岁时取得(de)成就.路易·布莱叶于1809年1月4日生于法国.他与父母、两个姐姐和一个哥哥住在库普弗雷一幢小小(de)石头房子里.3岁(de)路易去了父亲(de)作坊.路易(de)父亲是个鞍具制作商,他用皮革制作各种鞍具.路易学着父亲(de)样子,试着用小刀割一块皮革.他(de)手一滑,刀尖就戳进了眼睛.医生们竭尽全力为他医治,但那只受伤(de)眼睛受到了感染.后来感染传给了他那只好(de)眼睛.路易变成了盲人.路易进了一所公立学校,通过听老师讲课进行学习.为了做作业,他(de)姐姐和一个朋友把作业读给他听.很快路易便成了班里(de)尖子生.一天,教会(de)牧师来到路易家,告诉他(de)父母, 巴黎有一所盲童学校.路易(de)父母决定把他送到那所学校去,当时他是9岁.路易12岁时,一位法国军官查尔斯·巴比埃来到了学校.巴比埃研制出一种供军队士兵使用(de)字母电码.这种电码被用来在夜间向士兵发送信息.它由点和划组成.即使敌人看到信息,电码也能使它们保密.但这种电码对盲人来说太复杂了.路易认为这种电码使用起来太慢,而那些划也太占地方.一页纸只容得下一两句句子.在以后(de)三年中,路易一直在做着简化电码(de)工作.在家中度假(de)一天,15岁(de)路易捡起了一把钝锥子.啊哈他突然想到了一个主意.他只用6个点就做出了字母表.他用不同(de)凸点代表不同(de)字母.后来,他又为数字和音乐编制了一个体系.今天,布莱叶盲字已用于全世界几乎每一种语言.路易·布莱叶在15岁时创造了六圆点布莱叶体系从而改变了盲人(de)生活.把布莱叶(de)生日1月4日定为向盲人表示敬意(de)布莱叶日是非常恰当(de).Unit 3 Text A Thanks, Mom, for All You Have Done1 We tend to get caught up in everyday business and concerns and forget some of the things that are most important. Too few of us stop and take the time to say “thank you” to our mothers.2 With a letter to my mother on the occasion of Mother’s Day, I’m going to take a minute to reflect. Feel free to use any of this in greeting your own mother on Sunday, May 10. Happy Mother’s Day to all.Dear Mom,3 This letter, I know, is long past due. I kn ow you’ll forgive the tardiness, you always do.4 There are so many reasons to say thank you, it’s hard to begin. I’ll always remember you were there when you were needed.5 When I was a child, as happens with young boys, there were cuts and bumps and scrapes that always felt better when tended by you.6 You kept me on the straight path, one I think I still walk.7 There was nothing quite so humbling as standing outside my elementary school classroom and seeing you come walking down the hall. You were working at the school and I often managed to get sentoutside class for something. Your chiding was gentle, but right tothe point.8 I also remember that even after I grew bigger than you,you weren’t afraid to remind me who was in charge.For that I thankyou.9 You did all the things that mothers do — the laundry, thecooking and cleaning —all without complaint or objection.But you were never too busy to help with a problem, or just givea hand.10 You let me learn the basics in the kitchen, and duringthe time I was on my own it kept me from going hungry.11 You taught by example and for that I am grateful. Ican see how much easier it is with my own daughter to be the bestmodel I can be. You did that for me.12 Your children are grown now, your grandchildren,almost. You can look back with pride now and know you can rest. Asmothers are judged, you stand with the best.13 God bless you, Mom.谢谢你,妈妈,为了你所做(de)一切我们往往被日常事务缠住而忘记一些最为重要(de)事情.我们极少有人停下来花时间对我们(de)母亲说一声“谢谢你” .我准备在母亲节之际花一点时间给母亲写封信反省一下.在5月10日星期天问候你(de)母亲时请随意用这封信中任何句子.祝大家母亲节快乐.亲爱(de)妈妈：我知道,这封信早就该写了.我知道你会原谅我(de)拖沓,你总是这样(de).有很多很多理由要说谢谢你,真不知从何说起.我会永远记住,每当需要你时,你总是在那儿.我小(de)时候,如同所有(de)小男孩一样,身上总有些割破(de)伤口、碰撞造成(de)肿块和擦伤,但有你照料总感到好一些.你使我一直走在正路上,我认为这仍是我在走(de)路.最为丢脸(de)事莫过于站在我小学(de)课堂外看到你沿着走廊走过来.你在学校里工作,而我竟然常常因为犯事被赶出教室.你(de)责备很和婉,但却非常中肯.我还记得,即使在我长得比你高大以后,你也不怕提醒我谁是家里(de)主管.为此我感谢你.母亲们做(de)事你都做了,洗衣服、烧饭、打扫卫生,而且毫无怨言、毫无异议.然而即使再忙你也总能帮着我做习题,或助我一臂之力.你让我学会了厨房里(de)基本功,这使我在独自一人时不致挨饿.你以身作则,身教重于言教,对此我非常感激.我能看到我多么容易就成了自己女儿(de)最佳楷模.你为我做出了榜样.你(de)孩子们现在都已成人,你孩子们(de)孩子也差不多都已长大.你现在可以自豪地回顾过去,而且知道自己可以休息了.要是对母亲们进行评价,你当立于最佳母亲之列.愿上帝保佑你,妈妈.。
高职英语课文翻译
第一册七八单元Unit 71.这个问题值得认真考虑?This question deserves careful consideration.2. 我认为她的体重在增加I think she’s gaining weight.3. 尽管我很不喜欢，但今晚我必须呆在家里学习As much as I hate to do it, I must stay home and study tonight.4.他从未按时完成过这一个项目?He has never completed a project on time.5. 他们敦促我们给予支持? They urged us to give our support.6. 如果你发现这部手机有问题，可以要求退款?You can ask for a refund if you find any defects in this mobilephone.7. 经理授权我在他出差期间代表他行事The manager authorized me to act for him while he was onbusiness.8.他自己出钱印他的书He had his book printed at his own expense.Unit 81. 我不能担保你得到一个满意的结果I can’t ensure that you get a satisfactory result.2. 目前对石油的需求很大Oil is in great demand these days.3.面对危险她表现得很勇敢She behaved bravely in the face of danger.4. 公司的业务范围正在迅速扩大The scope of the company’s business is rapidly expanding.5. 我没意识到自己犯了错误I was not conscious of having made a mistake.6. 他们希望花费最少的时间和金钱来得到最佳的效果They want to spend a minimum of both time and money to get the best result.7. 我那么做是出于职责,而不是别人要我做I did it on my own responsibility, without being told.8. 营销中团队协作比个人努力更加重要In marketing teamwork is more important than individual effort.第二册一到五单元Unit 11. 公司所有规章制度都应严格遵守All the company rules and regulations must be strictly observed.2. 和这些同学在一起我们应随便一些We should be casual when we stay with these students.3.上述所说的是一些在职场环境中非常有用的交际技能The above-mentioned are some communication skills that are very useful in an office setting.4. 我们有一个专业的团队来营销我们的产品We have a professional team to market our products.5. 你知道金秋流行黑衣服吗?Do you know black clothes will be trendy this fall?6. 与其求人,不如求己We would rather rely on ourselves instead of seeking help from others.7.新车必须符合国家标准?New vehicles must comply with national standards.8. 我们公司的一些年轻人可能会来寻求你的建议Some young people in our company may come to seek your advice.Unit 21.我把咖啡洒了一桌?I spilt coffee all over my desk.2.会上要求我们每个人都提出建议?We were all asked to contribute ideas at the meeting.3.水果在运送时容易腐烂?Fruits are perishable during transportation.4. 负责的军官在战斗中受了重伤The officer in charge was wounded badly in the battle.5. 显然那间公寓一直没人住Apparently, no one has been living in that flat.6. 他在退休之前领到了一笔补偿金He got a payoff before the retirement.7.经理正在把工作分配给几个工作人员?The manager is assigning the work to several clerks.8.他们正在努力寻找和平解决这种冲突的方法?They are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.Unit 31. 你得确保你已为未来的工作做好了准备You need to ensure that you are fully prepared for your future job.2.在他们的帮助下，我们最后完成了我们的任务?With their help, we accomplished our task in the end.3.三个月后，他终于在一家大型的电脑公司找到了一份工作?Three months later, he finally secured a job with a large computer company.4. 经理拒绝给他解释的机会。
高职职业英语 读写教程2 课文翻译
有所不同，因此各方都有必要了解对方的谈判风格。娴 熟的谈判者通常会细心倾听，并提出针对性问题。他们 关心的不只是对方的话语，还有对方在表达时所流露出 的情感。 处理争端和作出有效的讨价还价是谈判中最重要的 一个环节。一些谈判者很容易在谈判中带入个人情绪， 导致谈判陷入僵局；而另一些谈判者则以较积极的态度 进行交流。在谈判过程中，谈判各方需要采取不同的谈 判技巧，如施加压力、设立条件、甚至是满足对方要求 以谋求自己的利益。 谈判的最后一个阶段是结束会谈，双方需要作总结 陈词，达成一定共识，并与对方道别。谈判的结果通常 是出现“一赢一输”或“双赢”局面。“一赢一输”的 谈判通常会有一方是赢家，另一方是输家，因为一方的 利益的损失总会带来另一方的盈利。然而，“双赢”谈 判将谈判看作是一种长期的开放性的关系的一部分，谈 判双方各自作出一点让步，便能使双方都能从中获益。 back
5．保持企业文化，尊重与合法的商业关系一致的自由 表达，鼓励良好企业公民义务，对公司所在的社区作 出积极的贡献，为道德行为被承认、被重视并且被员 工所践行的社区做贡献。 采用这些法则和行动守则是自愿的。鼓励公司形成 适合自己特殊境况的行为守则。很多公司已经应用包 括这些法则的申明和守则。公司应该找到适当的方法 把他们采取的与这些法则有关的行为告之他们的股东 和公众。根据这些法则公司不可以采取违背所在国家 法律的行为。 商业原则与道德守则要求任何在这种法规下的报告 和投诉都应该在公平、诚实和正直的原则下得到处理。 不服从上述的程序可以报告给美国商务部国际贸易 管理局。公司将不可以因为员工报告、投诉或者为了 寻找帮助而对其施行报复或采取与员工对立的行为。 任何违反法则或道德准则的公司应立即受到惩戒。
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3. 商品交易会 另一个寻找新客户和业务伙伴的有效方法是充 分利用商品交易会的机会。每年在中国都会举办各 种交易会，如中国进出口交易会（广州）、中国国 际消费品交易会、中国国际中小企业博览会等。这 些交易会给你提供大量机会寻找到潜在的客户和业 务伙伴。 此外，你可以很好地利用网络寻找你的业务伙 伴。通过网络你可以找到大量商业信息，如有关产 品、制造商、购买需求等信息；你也可以找到有关 各种博览会、交易会、以及你可能参加的与行业相 关的会议等有价值的信息。另一方面，你可以在网 络上发布你的产品和服务信息，以便有兴趣的客户 可以了解到你并与你联系。这些都是你可以抓住的 建立新的业务关系的良好机会。
灵通高职高专英语读写译②课文翻译（精选5篇）
灵通高职高专英语读写译②课文翻译（精选5篇）第一篇：灵通高职高专英语读写译②课文翻译灵通高职高专英语读写译②Unit 1 Text A大学生与债务在今天这个时代，大学生比以往任何时候都更容易申请到贷款。
但是，他们知道怎么管理他们的钱吗？他们准备好做出负责任的决定了吗？现金很快将成为过去的货币，而信用卡正在取而代之，这些问题是每个大学生将来都必须面临或解决的。
卡罗琳是一个二十四岁的大学毕业生，有着光明的前途。
然而，她却面临着如今许多前程似锦的大学生所面临的问题：学生债务。
现在有三分之二的大学毕业生完成学业时都背负着学生贷款。
这些联邦学生贷款数额平均为19000美元。
金钱使用不当，是不会让人享有自由的。
对于大学毕业生，特别是背负巨额债务的毕业生，这是需要吸取的惨痛教训。
债务有两种：良性债务和不良债务。
消费债务，或者说满足私欲的借贷，属于不良债务。
不良债务是可以通过消除生活中多余的需求来整合的。
选择正确的生活方式可以避免产生不良债务。
良性债务是指可以最终偿付的债务。
在某种程度上它帮助提高了个人的社会地位。
大学生活应该是学生成长和学习的美好时光。
这几年是学生学习管理金钱的最佳时间。
如果你是学生，请留心以下建议：不要花光所有的钱；不要同时透支多张信用卡。
使用一张信用卡，把消费量控制到最低。
每月付清信用卡账单。
如果你必须申请学生贷款，选择低利率的品种。
这些简单的规则也许无法解决你所有的经济问题，但从长远来看，它们将避免和消除大量的债务。
Unit 1 Text B要不要恋爱，这是个问题中国有一个古老的故事，一个凡人和一个仙女坠入爱河。
由于受到了诅咒，他们被拆散了。
但是他们朝夕相盼，直到有一天，天神动了恻隐之心，派鸟儿把凡人接到银河上，送他到了他心爱的人身边。
这是禁忌之爱的故事——凡人与神仙之间的爱情。
学生们很容易联想起这个古老的故事，因为他们也有着禁忌之爱——同学之间的恋情。
一天，我的一个学生走到我身边说：“学校担心班上同学之间谈恋爱。
高职国际英语2课文翻译沃尔沃
高职国际英语2课文翻译沃尔沃翻译：办公室礼节办公室礼节是帮助你与同事相处的东西，即使你的关系不友好。
它还可以帮助你确保你不会用坏习惯或评论惹恼别人，并影响同事在你需要帮助时如何回应你。
大多数办公室礼仪都是不成文的，但这并不意味着你应该忽视它。
总有一些行为准则是你必须注意的，这将在本文的其余部分中阐明。
？要准时。
作为一名新来者，你应该提前到达，而不仅仅是在第一天，也不要在一天结束时第一个离开。
约会不要迟到。
这表明你尊重同事的时间，作为回报，他们也会尊重你的时间。
？尊重他人的隐私。
在你进入某人的办公室之前敲门，不要看别人桌子上的任何信件。
如果你需要和同事讨论一件私事，确保没有人能无意中听到。
个人问题不应该成为公共话题。
？不要八卦或抱怨。
分享专业信息很好；八卦不是。
流言蜚语通常传播得很快，会给你带来负面影响。
把你对同事的评论限制在积极的方面。
抱怨任何人都是有害的，包括你的老板、同事或任何同事。
？不要打扰别人。
如果你打断了一场讨论、某人的注意力或其他活动，一定要道歉。
注意你说话的声音。
如果其他隔间或办公室的人对你的谈话发表评论，可能是你的声音太大了。
你要么关上办公室的门，要么小声点。
？保持整洁。
定期淋浴，穿上合适的办公服。
这表明你对同事和客户的尊重，也表明你很专业。
始终保持你的个人工作空间干净整洁，因为凌乱的办公桌会让人觉得你是一个没有条理的人。
？对每个人都要有礼貌。
多微笑，多友善。
以同样的尊重和礼貌对待你的同事、清洁工、维修人员和其他人。
Unit-1-3-高职英语课文及翻译
Unit 1 Text A College—A Transition Point in My Life1 When I first entered college as a freshman, I was afraid that I was not able to do well in my studies. I was afraid of being off by myself, away from my family for the first time. Here I was surrounded by people I did not know and who did not know me. I would have to make friends with them and perhaps also compete with them for grades in courses I would take. Were they smarter than I was? Could I keep up with them? Would they accept me?2 I soon learned that my life was now up to me. I had to set a study program if I wanted to succeed in my courses. I had to regulate the time I spent studying and the time I spent socializing. I had to decide when to go to bed, when and what to eat, when and what to drink, and with whom to be friendly. These questions I had to answer for myself.3 At first, life was a bit difficult. I made mistakes in how I used my time. I spent too much time making friends. I also made some mistakes in how I chose my first friends in college.4 Shortly, however, I had my life under control. I managed to go to class on time, do my first assignments and hand them in, and pass my first exams with fairly good grades. In addition, I made a few friends with whom I felt comfortable and with whom I could share my fears. I set up a routine that was really my own — a routine that met my needs.5 As a result, I began to look upon myself from a different perspective. I began to see myself as a person responsible for myself and responsible for my friends and family. It felt good to make my own decisions and see those decisions turn out to be wise ones. I guess that this is all part of what people call “growing up.”6 What did life have in store for me? At that stage in my life, I really was not certain whereI would ultimately go in life and what I would do with the years ahead of me. But I knew that I would be able to handle what was ahead because I had successfully jumped this important hurdle in my life: I had made the transition from a person dependent on my family for emotional support to a person who was responsible for myself.大学——我一生中的转折点作为一名一年级新生初进大学时，我害怕自己在学业上搞不好。
高职高专新职业英语综合英语2课后答案及课文翻译
高职高专新职业英语综合英语2课后答案及课文翻译本页仅作为文档封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.March高职高专英语立体化系列教材课文翻译及答案新职业英语职业综合英语2（通用版）总主编：徐小贞外语教学与研究出版社Unit 1 Text A 职场时装潮流许多人每天都在捕捉职场时装的潮流，以便能与那些衣着时尚得体的人们步调一致。
他们认为按最新潮流穿衣打扮能为自己赢得时尚和时髦的好名声。
尽管这样做合情合理，你还是要小心谨慎。
许多人并没有意识到，追随职场时装潮流有利也有弊。
好处之一，正如上面所提到的，穿一套时髦的衣服去上班，很可能会得到一堆夸奖。
这种感觉很不错，也让人引以为豪。
然而事实上这种追随弊大于利。
例如，职场时装潮流往往不区分工作和职业。
在一家新潮的咖啡馆或零售店工作，着装要求很可能是休闲服。
而在一家法律或保险公司上班，着装则需要更职业化。
不幸的是，很多职场新潮时装是为工作中的一般大众而设计，而非为特定职业设计。
因此一不小心就可能出问题。
在追随这种时装潮流之前，要好好地仔细审视一下所谓的潮流。
比如，潮流是不是时兴半身裙或连衣裙，而不论其长短呢如果确实如此，那么最重要的是要考虑自己的工作性质。
如果是办公室的职业白领，连衣裙就非常适合。
但如果是在零售店当经理，连衣裙或半身裙则可能会妨碍工作，影响工作效率。
很多人会因为穿了时髦的职场时装而备受称赞，但事情并非总是如此。
最不希望的是不但没有受到夸奖，还落下坏名声。
正是因为这个原因，你必须考虑别人对你的看法，你必须确保给别人留下的是个好印象。
到底要不要将职场最时髦的潮流带入衣柜，这个决定得自己做，但在做出决定前请考虑考虑上面提到的问题。
Text B波音公司行为准则波音公司行为准则为全体波音公司员工制定了必须遵守的行为规范。
波音公司的企业经营建立在公平、公正的基础上，符合道德规范和法律、法规。
职高英语必修(下册)Unit1---Unit 5 课文译文
职高英语必修下册课文译文1. 明智的选择一位在乐队担任鼓手的年轻人刚刚结婚。
他和太太正在找房子住。
他们终于找到了一幢三层楼的房子，可是拿不定主意要选哪个房间。
年轻人说：“住底层的房间可以有个漂亮的花园，而住楼上的房间有好的景观。
”可是他太太说：“我认为二楼那个房间会好些，它既不太低也不太高。
”于是，他们决定要二楼的房间。
搬进去后，他们开了个热闹的晚会。
当然，晚会开得很开心，因为他们在乐队的许多朋友都来了，还带来了吉它和鼓。
正当他们高兴地唱呀、跳呀并疯狂地演奏乐器时，电话铃响了起来。
住在顶层的那个人说他感到房子在震动。
太太还没来得及把刚才的电话给大家说清楚，电话铃又响起来了。
于是她再去接电话。
她脸带微笑走回来，高兴地对她先生说：“刚才打电话的是刚搬到楼下的那家的女主人。
她说那里吵得要命，并且说她明天将得搬走。
我很高兴我们做出了十分明智的选择，因为我们决定既不选首层的房间，也不选顶层的房间。
”2. 托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生1876年，爱迪生把实验室搬到新泽西州的门罗公园，在那里他发明了第一台留声机和电灯泡。
为了给整个城市的照明供电，他必须首先建发电站。
电灯改变了人们的生活方式，被视为世界的几大发明之一。
在八十四年的人生历程中，爱迪生取得了一千零九十三项发明的专利权。
1931年，在对爱迪生的逝世表示哀悼时，美国人不知道该用什么方式才能最好地表达他们对这位伟大发明家的敬意。
他在帮助人类利用电力方面所作出的贡献，是任何人也无法比拟的。
有人建议停电几分钟，使所有的家庭、街道和工厂都处在黑暗之中。
他们说那也许是最好的办法，让人们充分认识到爱迪生以及他的发明对人类的重要性。
然而，政府并没有接受这个建议，因为他们担心即使停止供电一分钟，都会使整个城市陷入极大的混乱。
爱迪生下葬的那一天，许多人在夜幕降，临时静静地把家里或办公室的灯光调暗，通过这样的方式来悼念这位身后留下一千多项发明的伟大科学家。
3. 保护地球地球是我们的家园，我们必须保护它，这意味着要使大地、空气和水源保持干净。
高职英语第二册二三单元课文翻译
•青少年开始创业•埃里克·塞斯莱维兹在过去的两个月内兜售生意。
面对萧条的职场前景，这位18岁的少年已把自己对打击乐器的热情转移到赚钱的冒险中。
•这位俄亥俄州米尔福德市的高三学生建立了一个网站，来促销他作为乐鼓教练的服务项目，印刷商业名片，并宣传说他已开张营业。
•他有8名学生，年龄从8岁到50岁不等。
他希望每个月通过上课能够获得400美元的收入，而且通过演出挣更多的钱。
•在日渐萎缩的就职机会中，很多同龄人也在呼应自己内心想当一个实业家的梦想。
倡导小型企业管理部门办公室说，2006年龄在25岁以下的自主创业者有49. 2万人。
但专家说由于工作岗位短缺，今年这个数字可能会上升。
•目前严峻的就业市场已经使得更多孩子签约于像国际青年成就组织和美国国家创业指导基金会这样指导年轻人的团体所提供的创业项目。
“孩子们都积极思考开始自己创业，”国际成就组织美国主席杰克·库塞库维斯基说。
•“这或许是出于需要，因为没有很多就业岗位。
但他们还看到那些对公司忠心耿耿多年的家长和其他成年人一一被解雇，因此这些孩子或许在思考，‘嗨。
或许我自己当老板情况就会好得多。
’”•很多自主创业的孩子将利用他们的经营来积攒一些暑假的开销资金，但这些刚成立的公司可能会发展成规模更大的公司。
•作为一名10多岁的青少年，汤米·希绯格在他的家乡纽约州埃尔迈拉城销售定做的衣服。
微软专家比尔·盖茨在上高中时就参与创建了一个针对交通量调查的数据公司。
•今天，就让我们看看利安娜·阿彻和贾斯敏·劳伦斯吧。
作为一名初中生，13岁的阿彻经常被问到她在长长的黑发上经常使用什么产品。
她不久开始销售纯天然的护发素，它来自一个家庭秘方。
她于2005年在纽约州中伊斯力普市的家中正式创办了利安娜公司。
•生意做得很好，她卖的护发和保健品系列产品已超过12种。
她的网站是www．1eannashair．tom。
丹·布瑞斯追特公司的一份报告估计它的年销售收入为14万美元。
高职高专实用英语Unit 2课文+译文
Unit 2TrackThe track on a railway is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast . Notwithstanding modern technical developments, the overwhelmingly dominant track form worldwide consists of flat-bottom steel rails supported on timber or pre-stressed concrete sleepers, which are themselves laid on crushed stone ballast.Most railroads with heavy traffic use continuously welded rails supported by sleepers. Timber sleepers are of many available timbers, and are often treated with creosote, or other wood preservative. Pre-stressed concrete sleepers are often used where timber is scarce and where tonnage or speeds are high. Steel is used in some applications.The track ballast is customarily crushed stone, and the purpose of this is to support the ties and allow some adjustment of their position, while allowing free drainage.A disadvantage of traditional track structures is the heavy demand for maintenance. Weakness of the subgrade and drainage deficiencies also lead to heavy maintenance costs. This can be overcome by using ballastless track. In its simplest form this consists of a continuous slab of concrete (like a highway structure) with the rails supported directly on its upper surface .However ballastless track is very expensive in first cost. Its whole life cost can be lower because of the great reduction in maintenance requirement. Ballastless track is usually considered for new very high speed or very high loading routes.For much of the 20th century, rail track used softwood timber ties and jointed rails. The rails were typically of flat bottom section fastened to the ties with dogspikes through a flat tieplate. Jointed rails were used, at first because the technology did not offer any alternative. However the intrinsic weakness in resistingvertical loading results in the ballast support becoming depressed and a heavy maintenance workload is imposed to prevent unacceptable geometrical defects at the joints. The joints also required to be lubricated, and wear at the fishplate (joint bar) mating surfaces needed to be rectified by shimming. For this reason jointed track is not financially appropriate for heavily operated railroads.译文轨道铁路轨道是由铁轨、紧固件、枕木和道渣组成的结构。
高职职业英语 读写教程2 课文翻译
BOOK 2
UNIT 2
建立业务关系 在开创自己的业务时，最重要的就是创建业务关 系。你必须找到新的客户和业务伙伴。下列几种方法 你可以一试。 1. 广泛联系 广泛联系，意即你可以通过联系到每一个可能的 家庭、社团、或组织机构来寻找新的客户和业务伙伴。 你可以通过发电子邮件、亲自上门拜访、邮寄名片或 公司彩页等方式联系他们。 2. 广告宣传 广告宣传，意即你可以通过做广告寻找到你的目 标客户。你可以在报纸上、网络上、或通过促销活动 进行广告。你可以把广告派发给你的目标客户并且吸 引他们到目标区域的产品推介点，在那儿你可以介绍 和演示你的产品。
BOOK 2
UNIT 4
如何选择展会 现代社会里什么样的展会都有。如何选择展会， 关键是要清楚你自己的目标，只有这样，才能保证 参展给你带来最大的价值。 1. 寻找合适的产品或服务 如果你找的是一个具体的产品，选择一个拥有最多 出售你欲购买产品的卖方的展会将会给你带来更多 的选择和更大的选择范围。 2. 为你的产品或服务寻找买家 如果你想出售产品，清楚了解谁是你的买家将会 对你有所帮助。例如，假设你们是一家专业经营壁 炉的公司，在国内壁炉展会布展的话，你就必须跟 所有其他参展的壁炉商竞争。而在酒类产品展上， 你能瞄准相同的客户，竞争却少多了。正如你知道 的那样，你的产品不一定要符合会展的主题，仅需 要符合顾客要求。
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3. 商品交易会 另一个寻找新客户和业务伙伴的有效方法是充 分利用商品交易会的机会。每年在中国都会举办各 种交易会，如中国进出口交易会（广州）、中国国 际消费品交易会、中国国际中小企业博览会等。这 些交易会给你提供大量机会寻找到潜在的客户和业 务伙伴。 此外，你可以很好地利用网络寻找你的业务伙 伴。通过网络你可以找到大量商业信息，如有关产 品、制造商、购买需求等信息；你也可以找到有关 各种博览会、交易会、以及你可能参加的与行业相 关的会议等有价值的信息。另一方面，你可以在网 络上发布你的产品和服务信息，以便有兴趣的客户 可以了解到你并与你联系。这些都是你可以抓住的 建立新的业务关系的良好机会。
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The First McDonald's RestaurantEven though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol.Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonald's restaurant in history.McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn down.Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonald's building design.Many people have good memories of that old McDonald's.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories.McDonald's explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down.Many people in the town of Downey don't agree with this line of thinking, though.One woman says, "I think it's terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. It's a big lie."Another Downey resident remarks, "I am so upset. They don't respect the public at all. They haven't even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurant again."McDonald's managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead.Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive.Many people say that McDonald's can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonald's real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.Modern McDonald's restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Illinois in 1955.The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in ter, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonald's is trying to change history, though the company denies this.To local historians, this explanation makes total sense.One historian said, "We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald's. The McDonald brothers did."These days, a group of historians want the building to be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald's from tearing the building down.The McDonald's managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.Everyone hopes that the McDonald's managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace.The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonald's, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away.第一家麦当劳餐馆虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。
如今，在加州南部唐尼市，人们正努力保住历史上第一家麦当劳餐馆。
然而，麦当劳却称这幢房子应该拆掉。
坐落于加州唐尼的这家餐馆建于1953年，是美国所有带双拱形金色标志的建筑中历史最久的，它的设计也是麦当劳最早的建筑设计。
许多人对那家老餐馆有着美好的回忆。
这些人想到餐馆连同他们美好的回忆一起将被摧毁，感到很气愤。
麦当劳方面解释说，那家老店在一次地震中遭到损坏，因此必须拆掉。
不过，唐尼的许多人却不同意这种说法。
有位女士说：“我认为这件事太可怕了。
他们在利用那次地震作借口。
这是一个极大的谎言。
另一位唐尼市居民说：“我非常难过。
他们一点也不尊重公众的意见，甚至都没试着这样做。
他们可以稍加修理，使它再成为一家好餐馆。
”麦当劳的经理们说餐馆设在那个位置一直在亏本。
那儿没有地方可以开辟“免下车外卖窗口”，里面也没有地方安排座位。
他们说，那次地震后这个餐馆就没办法修了。
不过那些经理们想在其他位置按原餐馆再仿造一家。
但是房屋检修人员说该建筑是可以修理的，不过费用很高。
许多人说这个费用麦当劳当然承受得起。
有人认为麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的真正原因与金钱无关。
现代的麦当劳餐馆常常有一个牌子，声称有个叫雷·克罗克的男人于1955年在伊利诺伊州创办了首家麦当劳餐馆。
然而事实是，克罗克先生的快餐生意实际上是从唐尼市的迪克·麦当劳和麦克·麦当劳那里学来的。
后来克罗克先生买下了他们的餐馆。
因此，尽管公司竭力否认，唐尼镇的许多人还是认为麦当劳是想篡改历史。
在当地的历史学家看来，这种解释颇有道理。
有位历史学家说：“历史不容篡改。
雷·克罗克没有创建麦当劳。
创建麦当劳的是麦氏兄弟。
”这些天来，一群历史学家希望将该处建筑列入国家历史文物保护单位名册，这样，唐尼镇就能使麦当劳免遭拆除。
麦当劳的经理们非常恼火，因而将房屋弃置一旁。
人人都希望麦当劳经理们与唐尼的居民很快达成一致。
房子仍在，但窗子用木板封了起来。
即便如此，人们仍开车前来纪念他们的麦当劳，想抢在它被拆除前拍照留念，留下历史上的珍贵一刻。
Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and FadsThese days, lifestyles have a tendency to change so fast. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it's a whole way of living.One year, people wear hats and blue jeans; they drink white wine and eat at Japanese restaurants; for exercise they run several miles a day.The next year, however, everything has changed:women wear long skirts; people drink expensive water from France, and eat at Italian restaurants; everyone seems to be exercising at health clubs.Almost nothing in modern life gets away from the influence of fashion:food, music, exercise, books, languages, movies, furniture, and even names go in and out of fashion.The interests that people follow can change very quickly.In the United States, even people can be "in" or "out".Americans enjoy following the lives of famous people: actors, sports heroes, well-known artists, politicians, and the like.But Americans also pay a lot of attention to people who have no special ability at all. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV advertisementin which she looked at a very small hamburger and complained loudly, "Where's the beef?" These three words made her famous. Suddenly she appeared in magazines and newspapers, and on TV shows.She was immediately popular. She was "in".However, this kind of fame does not last long.Such people are famous for a very short time—they are fads.What causes such fads to come and go?Although clothing designers influence fads in fashion because they want to make money, this desire for money doesn't explain fads in other areas, such as language. For example, why have teenagers in the past twenty-five years used—at different times—the words groovy or awesome in conversation instead of simply saying wonderful? According to an expert in popular culture, people who follow fads are not foolish or vain; they simply want to be part of something new and creative.Fads are not limited to the United States, however.Fads are common in any country that has a strong economy (e.g. Britain, Japan, and Germany).However, in the United States, there is an additional reason for fads: most Americans seem to feel that something is wrong if there isn't frequent change in their lives.It's sometimes difficult to see the difference between a fad and a trend.A fad lasts a very short time and is not very important. A social trend, however, survives a long time and becomes a true part of modern culture.The use of personal computers, for example, is a trend; a fad, on the other hand, could be the use of certain types of computer games.Who knows what changes in lifestyle will happen next?我们不断变化的生活方式：潮流和时尚如今，生活方式有种迅速变化的趋势。