湖南农业大学811综合知识2018年考研初试真题

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湖南农业大学考研试题811综合知识(2015~2017年)

2015年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：综合知识 811适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

Section A: Linguistics (60 points)I. Translate the following linguistic terms into English. (5 points, 1 point each)1.应用语言学2.音位变体3.述谓分析4.输入假设5.派生词素II. Define FIVE of the following terms, giving examples if necessary. (10 points，2 points each )1. Displacement2. Back clipping3. Minimal pair4.Morphological rule5. Perlocutionary act6. Sociolinguistics7. Subordinate constructionIII. Fill in each blank with a suitable term, with some of the initial letters given.(10 points, 1 point each)1. D___________ refers to an area of human activity in which one particularspeech variety or a combination of several speech varieties is regularly used，for instance, situations in which the persons talking to one another are members of the family, e.g. mother and children.2. B ___________is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formedby combing the meanings and sounds of two words, one of the which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like brunch.3. H___________ structure is the sentence structure that group words into structuralconstituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, such as NP, VP and PP.4. M__________ is the branch of grammar that studies the internal structure ofwords, and the rules by which words are formed.5. C _________are those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker tosome future course of action.6. T___________ theory is a theory about trace left by movement. This theoryassumes that a moved constituent leaves behind a phonologically null element in its original site.7.P___________ are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state and are notverifiable, in other words, they are utterances that perform an act.8. I___________ is the language system of an individual as expressed their way heor she speaks or writes within the overall system of a particular language.9. S___________ is the study of meaning communicated through language. Thebasic task is to show how people communicate meanings with pieces of language.10. A _________ phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producingthe sounds of speech.IV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (15 points，1.5 points each )1. （）Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the factthat language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and thesystem of meanings.2. （）Saussurs’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historicallingusitics.3. （）Chomsky’s concept of linguistic performance is similar to Saussure’sconcept of parole, while his use of linguistic competence is somewhatdifferent from Saussure’s langue.4. （）If language learners are provided with sufficient and the right kind oflanguage exposure and chances to interact with language input, they willacquire the native-like competence in the target language.5. （）Syntactic category refers to all phrasal syntactic categories such as NP,VP,and PP, and word-level syntactic categories that serve as heads of phrasal syntactic categories such as N and V.6. （）Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’sunderlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situation.7. （）Two sentences using the same words may mean quite differently.8. （）Hyponymy is a matter of class membership, so it is the same as meronymy.9. （）Inviting, suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.10. （）The right ear advantage(REA)is true to no matter whether people havethe left hemispheric dominance for speech or the less common right hemispheric dominance for speech.V. Choose FIVE of the following questions to answer. (20 points，4 points each)1. Who put forward the concept of langue and parole? What is the differencebetween them?2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?3. Decide which way of word formation is used to form the following words.Motel lase ROM mew/miaow4. What is word? What is lexicon? What is lexeme? What is vocabulary?5. Can you make some comments on IC analysis?6. What is X-bar theory?7. What is discourse analysis?Section B: Translation (60 points)1．Translate the following into Chinese (30 points)The sublime paradox of the spiritual life is repeated in all true development of personal gift and power. In order to find his life a man must first lose it; in order to keep his soul a man must first give it. The beginning of all education is self-conscious; at the start every effect must be calculated, every skill, method, or dexterity carefully studied. Training involves a rigid account of oneself based on searching self-knowledge. To become an effective speaker one must know his defects of bearing, gesture, voice; one must bring his whole personality into clear light, and study it as if it were an external thing; one must become intensely self-conscious. The initiation to every art is through this door of rigid scrutiny of self and entire surrender of self to the discipline of minute study and exacting practice. The pianist knows the artistic value of every note, and strikes each note with carefully calculated effect. The artist gives himself up to a patient study of details, and is content with the monotony of laborious imitation; subjecting every element of material and manner to the most thorough analysis.The first stage in the education of the true worker is self-conscious; the final stage is self-forgetful. No man can enter the final stage without passing through the initial stage; no man can enter the final stage without leaving the initial stage behind him. One must first develop intense self-consciousness, and then one must be able to forget and obliterate himself. One must first accept the most exacting discipline of the school, and then one must forget that schools exist. The apprentice is the servant of detail; the master is the servant of the idea: the first accepts methods as if they were the finalities of art; the second uses them as mere instruments. Tennyson's attention was once called to certain very subtle vowel effects in one of his later poems; he promptly said that he had not thought of them. That was undoubtedly true, for he had become a master; but there was a time, in his days of apprenticeship, when he had studied the musical qualities and resources of words with the most searching intelligence. The transition from apprenticeship to mastery is accomplished when a man passes through self-consciousness into self-forgetfulness, when his knowledge and skill become so much a part of himself that they become instinctive. When the artist has gained, through calculation, study, and, practice, complete command of himself and his materials, he subordinates skill to insight, and makes his art the unconscious expression of his deepest nature. When this stage is reached the artist can pour his whole soul into his work almost instinctively; his skill and methods have become so completely a part of himself that he can use them almost without being conscious of them.2．Translate the following into English. (30 points)“诺诺”者，唯命是从，凡事好好好，是是是，逢人点头哈腰，遇事不辨青红皂白，正所谓“唯唯诺诺”。

湖南农业大学农业知识综合二(渔业领域)2015—2018年考研真题试题

(一)动物遗传学(50 分)
一、名词解释题 (共计 18 分,每小题 3 分)
1、单体
2、复等位基因
3、伴性遗传
4、杂合子
5、缺失
6、遗传力
二、问答题(共计 21 分，每小题 7 分)
1、简述有丝分裂和减数分裂的主要特点。
2、什么叫倒位？染色体倒位的遗传与表型效应有哪些?
3、一对夫妇和他们的女儿都不是血友病人，但这对夫妇的儿子却患了血友病，他
(二)鱼类生理学一、名词解释 (共计 18 分，每小题 3 分) 1、兴奋性 2、标准代谢
共2页第1页
3、波尔效应 4、内环境稳态 5、神经递质 6、性成熟二、简答题 (共计 32 分，每小题 8 分） 1、简述鱼类氧气与血红蛋白结合的特征？ 2、为什么说小肠是消化的主要部位？ 3、简述养殖水体中氨的毒性及其生理机制。简述鱼类人工催产的生理学基础。
（三）动物营养学与饲料学（50 分）一、名词解释 (共计 12 分,每小题 3 分) 1、必需氨基酸 2、饲养标准 3、抗维生素 4、蛋白质饲料
二、简答题 (共计 20 分.每小题 5 分) 1、简述饲料配方设计的基本原则。 2、简述理想蛋白与氨基酸平衡理论的应用。 3、畜禽和鱼虾对必需脂肪酸的需要有何差异 4、试述脂肪氧化酸败的原因
的异同。 3、人的短指畸形（B）是显性遗传，即 Bb 的表型为短指，而 BB 为胚胎早期死亡。
问：假定两个短指人结婚，预期有多少比例的胎儿死亡？成活的小孩中有多少比例是短指？正常小孩的比例是多少？正常小孩的基因型是什么？ 4、数量性状表型值可剖分为哪几个部分？请简要说明。
（二）动物生理学（50 分）
（一）动物遗传学（50 分）
1、名词解释（共计 18 分，每小题 3 分）

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题-811 综合知识

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：语考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、arbitrariness 5、deep structure2、IPA 6、informative function3、manners of articulation 7、encoding4、grammatical category二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、When the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point, the speech sound thus produced is a f_________2、Language exist in time and change through time. The description of a language at some point of time iscalled s_________ study of language.3、IC analysis emphasizes the h _________ structure of a sentence, seeing it as consisting of word groupsfirst.4、Pitch variation is known as i_________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.5、According to its position in the new word, a _________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.6、P _________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.7、There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, namely, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and i_________ relation.8、The u_________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.9、H_________ refers to the phenomenon that words with different meanings have the same form.10、C_________ holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather, inthe interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. .三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Free morphemes can be further classified into the inflectional and derivational morphemes.2、（）The phoneme /t/ and /d/ can occur in the same position and they distinguish meaning, therefore theyare said to be in complementary distribution.3、（）Relations of co-occurrence partly belongs to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations.4、（）One advantage of componential analysis is that by specifying the semantic features of words, it will be possible to show how these words are related in meaning.5、（）Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations whilelinguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.6、（）In the sentence John loves Mary, John is the argument, loves Mary is the predicate.7、（）When a bilingual speaker switches between the two languages concerned, he is converting one modeof thinking into the other.8、（）The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.9、（）Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of thesame objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.10、（）Structuralists suggested that errors are unavoidable in learning and should be tolerated.四、问答题：从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分，每小题4分)1、How do you understand "duality", a design feature of language?2、Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics ? Give your reasons.3、Illustrate the differences between morpheme, phoneme and allomorph with example.4、What is predicate analysis? What is a no-place, one-place, two-place, or three-place predicate?5、Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments.“Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?”6、Explain the following statement with examples: Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences.7、Some students may use the incorrect forms in the left column below instead of the correct ones in the五、英译汉：将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分)When I am experiencing a complex story or novel, the broader planes, and also details, tend to fall away. Rereading them, certain sentences are what greet me as familiars. You have visited before; they say when I recognize them. We encounter books at different times in life, often appreciating them, apprehending them, in different ways. But their language is constant. The best sentences orient us, like stars in the sky, like landmarks on a trail.They remain the test, whether or not to read something. The most compelling narrative, expressed in sentences with which I have no chemical reaction, or an adverse one, leaves me cold. In fiction, plenty do the job of conveying information, rousing suspense, painting characters, enabling them to speak. But only certain sentences breathe and shift about, like live matter in soil. The first sentence of a book is a handshake, perhaps an embrace. Style and personality are irrelevant. They can be formal or casual. They can be tall or short or fat or thin. They can obey the rules or break them. But they need to contain a charge. A live current, which shocks and illuminates.Knowing – and learning to read in – a foreign tongue heightens and complicates my relationship to sentences. For some time now, I have been reading predominantly in Italian. I experience these novels and stories differently. I take no sentence for granted. I am more conscious of them. I work harder to know them. I pause to look something up, I puzzled over syntax I am still assimilating. Each sentence yields a twin, translated version of itself. When the filter of a second language falls away, my connection to these sentences, though more basic, feels purer, at times more intimate, than when I read in English.The urge to convert experience into a group of words that are in a grammatical relation to one anotheris the most basic, ongoing impulse of my life. It is a habit of antiphony: of call and response. Most days begin with sentences that are typed into a journal no one has ever seen. There is a freedom to this; freedom to write what I will not proceed to wrestle with. The entries are mostly quotidian, a warming up of the fingers and brain. On days when I am troubled, when I am grieved, when I am at a loss for words, the mechanics of formulating sentences, and of stockpiling them in a vault, is the only thing that centers me again.六、汉译英：将下列段落翻译成英语(共计30分)三十多年前，我们开始改革开放时，突然认识到，市场是个好东西，认为以前之所以没搞好，根本原因就是没有尊重市场调节。

湖南农业大学812遗传学2018年考研初试真题

2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：812 遗传学
适用专业(领域）：遗传学
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释（共计42分，每小题3分）
1.表型：
2.遗传：
3.非等位基因：
4.隐性性状：
5.伴性遗传：
6.转导：
7.基因突变：
8.同源多倍体：
9.三体：
10.杂种优势：
11.近亲交配：
12.重复染色体：
13.染色体组：
14.随机交配：
二、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”，共计20分，每小题2分）
1.染色体缺失杂合体减数分裂时形成的缺失圈是由缺失染色体形成的。

（）
共4页第1页。

2017年湖南农业大学考研真题811 综合知识硕士招生自命题科目试题

2017年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码：811 综合知识适用专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具：考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题：从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分，每小题2分)1、langue and parole 5、Inflection2、minimal pairs 6、speech community3、auxiliary verb 7、linguistic relativity4、locutionary act二、填空题：在下面每空填一个词，其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分，每空1分)1、If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use it is said to bed_________2、Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without o_________3、An initialism is pronounced letter by letter, while an a _________ is pronounced as a word.4、Clear [l] and dark [ɬ] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position insound combinations, thus they are said to be in c_________ distribution.5、C _________ is a term used in lexicology by some linguists to refer to the habitual co-occurrences ofindividual lexical items. For example, we can “correct” a “mistake”, “read” a “book” and “watch TV”.No one can “correct” a television or “read” a mistake.6、Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: a _________ and predicate.7、G _________ opposites may be seen in terms of degrees of quality involved.8、C _________ Principle proposed by J.Grice is the general principle, in making conversation, that allparticipants are expected to observe.9、A c _________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as “and ”, “but”, “or”.10、Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s_________ attitude connoted in the languagethat is sexist.三、判断题：根据语言学常识判明正误，对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分，每小题1.5分)1、（）Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people in a given culture, orother people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact.2、（）In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.3、（）Stem is the part of word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed.4、（）Move-αrule itself can rule out ungrammatical forms and result in grammatical strings.5、（）Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary act because this kind ofspeech is identical with the speaker’s intention.6、（）Women in western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the socialsignificance of certain linguistic variables.共3页第1页。

2012年湖南农业大学考研试题811 综合知识.

2012年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题科目名称及代码:811 综合知识适用专业:外国语言学及应用语言学考生需带的工具:考生注意事项:①所有答案必须做在答题纸上,做在试题纸上一律无效;②按试题顺序答题,在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、解释题:从下面挑选5个术语进行简单解释并可根据需要举例说明(共计10分,每小题2分1. competence2. minimal pair3. assimilation rule4 morpheme 5. reference6. illocutionary act7. syntax二、填空题:在下面每空填一个词,其中部分首字母已给出(共计10分,每空1分1. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can becombined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules, this feature is usually termed p _________.2. A_________ phonetics is a branch of phonetics concerns the production ofspeech sounds.3. A syllable consists of three parts: the onset, the p______ and the coda, e.g. [men].4. E___________ refers to the process of construction where one clause is includedin the sentence (main clause in syntactic subordination.5. P ___________refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set ofdifferent meanings. .6. Predication analysis refers to the kind of analysis which involves the breakingdown of predication into their constituents: A________ and Predicate.7.The Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis has two thrusts: linguistic d ________ andlinguistic relativity.8. “The man put on his hat” is transformed into “The man put his hat on”, the rule iscalled r ________ according to Transformational Generative Grammar.9. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants expected to共4页第1页observe is called the C________ Principle proposed by J.Grice.10. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an_____ is concrete and context- dependent.三、判断题:根据语言学常识判明正误,对者在该题括号里标T,错者在该题括号里标F. (共计15分,每小题1.5分1. (Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact that that language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of meanings.2. (Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historicallinguistics.3. (Supersegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties ofunits larger than the segment- phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.4. (We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means becausethe meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.5. (A constituent which is not at the same time a construction is a morpheme,and a construction which is not at the same time a constituent is a sentence.6. (The linguistic context considers the probability of one word’s co-occurrenceor collocation with another, which forms part of the meaning, and an important factor in communication.7. (Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary actbecause this kind of speech is identical with the speaker’s intention.8. (If language learners are provided with sufficient and the right kind oflanguage exposure and chances to interact with language input, they will acquire the native-like competence in the target language.9. (Fossilization refers to a process that sometimes occurs in second languagelearning in which incorrect linguistics features (such as the accent of a grammatical pattern become a permanent part of the way of a person speaks or writes in the target language.10. (The word “denationalization” is made up of 4 morphemes.四、问答题:从下面各题挑选5题做简单回答(共计20分,每小题4分1. What are design features of language?共4页第2页2. Why do linguists say language is human specific?3. Why is competence and performance an important distinction in linguistics?What is communicative competence?4. What are broad transcription and narrow transcription? How are they manifestedin the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA?5. What is a semantic field? Can you illustrate it?6. What do you think of Halliday’s Systemic Grammar?7. Make a comment on ONE of the following linguists’ contribution to linguisticstudy: (1Chomsky’s ; (2 Bloomfield’s; (3 J. Grice’s; (4Firth’s (5 Ma Jianzhong’s; (马建忠五、英译汉:将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分(1 BeautyBeauty means this to one and that to the other. And yet when anyone of us has seen that which to him is beautiful he has known an emotion which is in every case the same in kind.A ship in sail, a blooming flower, a town at night, a lovely poem, leaf shadows, a child's grace, the starry skies, apple trees in spring--the thought of beauty--these are the drops of rain that keep the human spirit from death by draught. They are a stealing and a silent refreshment that we perhaps do not think about but which goes on all the time. Beauty is the smile on the earth's face, open to all, and needs but the eyes to see, mood to understand.(2And the US continues to contribute to Asia's growth as a major trade and investment partner, a source of innovation that benefits Asia's companies, a host to 350,000 Asian students every year, a champion of open markets, an advocate for universal human rights, and a guarantor of stability and security across the Asia Pacific. The Obama Administration has made a comprehensive commitment to reinvigorate our engagement as a Pacific power - shoring up alliances and friendships, reaching out to emerging partners, and strengthening multilateral institutions.These efforts reflect our optimism and enthusiasm for what is happening in Asia today. Of course, countries in this region are grappling with challenges. We all are. But we are bullish(行情看涨on Asia's future, and while the United States is facing its own difficulties, make no mistake: We are bullish on America's future too.六、汉译英:将下列段落翻译成汉语(共计30分(1共4页第3页庆历四年春,滕子京谪守巴陵郡。

湖南农业大学812遗传学2010--2012,2014--2018年考研初试真题

2010年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：遗传学 816 适用专业：遗传学
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释（共计45分，每小题3分）
1.倍半二倍体：
2.不完全显性：
3.积加作用：
4.非姊妹染色单体：
5.连锁群：
6.基因型频率：
7.配子体雄性不育：
8.相互易位：
9.等位基因：
10.缺体：
11.分子钟：
12.沉默突变：
13.杂种优势：
14.性导：
15.测交：
二、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”，共计20分，每小题2分）
1.10个卵母细胞经过减数分裂将最终产生40个雌配子。

（）
2.单倍体即为一倍体。

（）
3.同源染色体联会复合体的解体发生在减数分裂前期I的双线期。

（）
共3页，第1页。

湖南农业大学831公共政策学2012--2018年考研初试真题

2012年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：838 公共政策学
适用专业：公共管理
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释题（共计30分，每小题6分）
1．路径依赖2．元政策3．政策议程4．政策沉淀成本5．公共政策生命周期
二、简答题（共计40分，每小题10分）
1．简述林德布洛姆的渐进主义公共政策过程模型。

2．简述公共政策问题的基本属性。

3．简述公共政策执行的手段。

4．简述公共政策评估的标准。

三、论述题（共计50分，每小题25分）
1．结合实际，试论述公共政策的社会本质。

2．结合实际，试论述公共政策抉择的合法化。

四、案例分析题（共计30分，两题中任选一题作答）
1．某市于2011年3月1日起实施《**市控制性详细规划修改前置审查程序规定》（以下简称《规定》），该《规定》着力引进专家和社会人士参与规划修改决策，推进‘阳光规划’，提高规划工作参与率。

根据《规定》，控规修改前置审查会由城乡规划委员会主要成员单位、相关专家、公众代表组成，参会人员不得少于21人，其中专家和公众代表不少于参会人数的一半。

在监察部门的主持下，参会专家在市城乡规划委员会专家库中根据项目涉及专业随机抽取，公众代表在报名公众中随机抽取。

控规修改前置审查会实行三分之二多数的票决制，如果控规修改前置审查未通过，市规划局将不受理该项控规修改的申请。

根据案例分析回答：
（1）我国公共政策规划的主体有哪些？（10分）
共9页第1页。

湖南农业大学831公共政策学2015-2018年考研专业课真题试卷

湖南农业大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）
2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：831 公共政策学
适用专业(领域）：公共管理各二级学科
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。

一、名词解释(共计20分,每小题5分)
1、基本政策
2、政策主体
3、政策执行力
4、政府议程
二、简述题(共计90分.每小题15分)
1、如何理解公共政策是公共性与偏好性的统一？
2、简述基于中国经验的“上下来去”政策过程模型。

3、简述大众传媒在公共政策问题提出中的作用。

4、简述确定政策目标的原则。

5、简述引起政策移植失败的因素。

6、简述公共政策终结的障碍。

三、论述题(共计40分.每小题20分)
1、什么是政策执行偏差？你认为应该如何进行矫正？
2、结合政策实践，论述影响政策有效评估的因素。

共1页第1页。

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2018年湖南农业大学硕士招生自命题科目试题
科目名称及代码：811 综合知识
适用专业(领域）：外国语言学及应用语言学
考生需带的工具：
考生注意事项：①所有答案必须做在答题纸上，做在试题纸上一律无效；
②按试题顺序答题，在答题纸上标明题目序号。