工程英语视听说答案 华东师范大学出版社

Part One Academic WordsTask 1Directions：Listen carefully.Note down the academic words you hear. Every word will be read twice. Refer to your dictionary if necessary. 1. permutation [n.] an event in which one thing issubstituted for another2. confine [v.] to keep something or someone withina limited area so it cannot escape3. accumulation [n.] the act of getting or becomingbigger or more over time4. bacteria [n.] the very small creatures that causediseases in humans and animals5. diagnostic [a.] used for making a judgment aboutwhat a particular problem is6. denote [v.] to be a name or symbol for7. commodity [n.] something useful or valuable,usually for sale8. thesis [n.] a long essay; a position taken in anargument supported by a set of reasons9. discipline [n.] a branch of knowledge10. apparatus [n.] equipment designed to serve aspecific function11. sensitivity [n.] the quality of reacting quickly ormore than usual to something12. onset [n.] the beginning13. workshop [n.] a brief intensive course for a small group14. valve [n.] a device along the pipe that can either open and allow something to flow, or close and block it 15. inversion [n.] a change in position of things so they become the opposite16. graph [n.] a picture that shows how two sets of information or variables are related, usually by lines or curves17. variance [n.] (statistics) amount of difference in distributions18. layout [n.] a plan or design of something19. dynamic [a.] & [n.] always active or changing; a force related to motion20. transparency [n.] the amount you can see through something21. fringe [n.] the edge of something22. orientation [n.] the ability to locate oneself in his environment with reference to time, place, and people 23. accumulate [v.] to gather or acquire so that you have more of something24. molecule [n.] two or more atoms chemically combined25. gradient [n.] a measure of how steep something is26. occurrence [n.] specific instance of something happening27. incumbent [n.] a person who holds a particular office or position28. ion [n.] a charged atom29. stabilize [v.] to make something stable or consistent, with no major changes30. irrigation [n.] supplying land with water using pipes31. partition [n.] a wall, screen, or piece of glass used to separate one area from another32. quantitative [a.] the describing or measuring of quantity33. generalization [n.] making a statement about a group from a limited data34. fabric [n.] material used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture35. circa [prep.] about36. processor [n.] a machine or company that prepares something and makes it ready for use37. drain [n.] a pipe that removes water, or other liquids38. plantation [n.] a large area of plants, usually in a hot climate39. sediment [n.] the material that settles to the bottom of a liquid40. transcribe [v.] to write something spoken41. lateral [a.] connected with the side of something or with movement to the side42. proposition [n.] an idea; a suggestion43. cognitive [a.] connected with mental processes of understanding44. equilibrium [n.] a state of balance45. quantum [n.] the smallest unit or amount of energy46. scenario [n.] an outline; an imagined sequence of events in a plan or project47. transmit [v.] to broadcast by using electrical signals to a radio or TV48. footnote [n.] extra information at the bottom of apage49. generator [n.] an engine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction50. presume [v.] to think that something is probably trueTask 2Directions：Choose the words from the list in Task 1 that match the Chinese meanings below.1.平衡 equilibrium2. 学科 discipline3. 边缘 fringe4. 量子 quantum5. 图表 graph6. 分子 molecule7. 发电机 generator8. 仪器 apparatus9. 阀 valve10. 梯度 gradientTask 3Directions: Listen to the following sentences and fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the word list in Task1.X and Y aren’t a formula; they’re a pair of mathematical symbols used to denote an unknown quantity2. The method allowed him to investigate the independenceof the sample mean and sample variance in certain cases.3. According to the model, the Big Bang is followed by a period of slow expansion and gradual accumulation of dark energy.4. These systems affect the layout and design of modern libraries.5. If each wall in this room were painted this color, you’d feel as if you were confined in a tight, little box, albeit a box with a pretty color.6. The moving electrons transmit electrical energy from one point to another.7. However in some patients, the onset of symptoms is sudden; this is usually seen in patients with a neurological basis for their illness.8. Research in cognitive psychology has shown that we remember iconic images better than text.9. The proportion of coarse sediment deposited in the plot drains increased with larger storms.10. Therefore, new diagnostic techniques with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity are required.Task 4Directions：Listen to the following piece and fill in the missingwords and terms.As a very ancient field of human (1) endeavor , engineering was used by early humans, who used their (2) knowledge of the natural world to (3) figure out things like irrigation schemes and how to build boats that didn’t sink. Over time, as humans learned more about science and mathematics, engineering got more complex, and this field (4) paved the way for modern society.Most engineers pride themselves on being (5) problem solvers . Their field of work involves (6) the analysis of a problem, such as the need for a safe and stable water supply for a city, and (7) the creation of a solution , such as an aqueduct. In the course of their work, engineers often (8) interact with people in a number of other disciplines, and this field of work places a high value on (9) collaboration,(10) fact checking,and quick thinking.Task 5Directions：Watch a short video about engineering and answer the questions.1.What are the subfields of engineering mentioned in the video?Reference answer： Electrical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering and chemical engineering.2.What qualities are required for the engineers in related subfields?Reference answer： The qualities of being practical, analytical, logical; of thinking outside the box; of being curious, interested in problem-solving and creative.Task 6Directions: Watch a short video and complete the outline below.Name of the engineering legacy:Reference answer： DujiangyanAge of the engineering legacy:Reference answer： over 2000 yearsDesigner of the project:Reference answer： LI BingFunction of the project:Reference answer： regulating the flow of the Min River to prevent floods and provide consistent irrigation for farming Working principle of the project:Reference answer： diverting part of the Min River at DujiangyanTask 7Directions：Listen to a report about the machines of ancient China and fill in the missing words.While Europe endured the so-called Dark Ages, ancient China reigned supreme as the world’s technologicalsuperpower. Only now are we discovering that many of the inventions that shape our modern world have their roots in this remarkable oriental civilization—complex geared machines that (1) allowed production on an industrial scale, precision seismographs for (2) detecting earthquakes, drilling machines that (3) (bored for natural gas) hundreds of meters beneath the earth, the cosmic engine, a super-scale astronomical computer that not only told the time but also predicted (4) (the passage of the planets and the stars), and even blast furnaces capable of (5) forging metal on a scale that rivals that of the modern world. Some of these technologies were so complex that for centuries they remained a mystery.Task 8Directions：Write down the words you hear and match them with the Chinese meanings. These words will appear in the report in Task 9.craft Caeronautical Fepistemology Econstrue Bprototype Jsimulation Hstatus quo Ascale model Istipulation Dfilter GTask 9Directions：Listen to a report for the first time and choose the best topic for it.BTask 10Directions：Listen to the report in Task 9 part by part and choose the best answer to each question.C D CT ask 12 无T ask 13 无T ask 14 无Task 14Directions：Watch the video in Task 13 for the second time and note down the English terms in it. Their Chinese meanings are given.1.流水线 assembly line2. 制造设施 manufacturing facilities3. 电气技术 electrical technology4. 自动化生产 automated production5. 可再生能源 renewable energy6. 可编程逻辑控制器 programmable logic controller7. 机器学习 machine learning8. 物联网技术 the Internet of Things9. 信息物理系统 cyber-physical system10. 云计算 cloud computingTask 15Directions：Watch the video in Task 13 with subtitles and retell the content. The outline is given.There are four main revolutions in the industrial world. The first revolution (industry 1.0) witnessed the emergence of (1) (mechanization of steam and water power). The second revolution saw the development of (2) ( various management programs that perfected the effectiveness of manufacturing facilities ).The third revolution gave rise to high-level automation in production thanks to (3) (Internet access, connectivity and renewable energy ).The first industrial revolution used (4) steam and water power to mechanize production, the second used (5) electrical power to create mass production and the third used (6) programmable logic controllers to automate production. The fourth revolution is the first industrial revolution rooted in a new technological phenomenon—digitalization—rather than in the emergence of a new type of energy. It is the era of (7) (smart machine, storage systems, production facilities ).There are four key elements of industry 4.0. The first element is (8) the Internet of Things. This adds (9) (a level of digital intelligence to devices (enabling them to communicate without a human being involved and merging the digital and physical worlds)). The second element is (10) (cyber-physical systems) CPSs (11) link the physical world with the virtual world of information processing. The third element is (12) cloud computing. With this technology (13) (users are able to access software and applications from wherever they are ). The fourth element is (14) cognitive computing. The goal is to (15) simulate human thought processes in a computerized model.。