许国璋英语第一册第十九课课文、对话、练习、答案

许国璋电视英语教学第一册
《第十九课》
（一）课文：
1)课文：
NIGHTINGALE
Florence Nightingale came from a rich family and was very pretty. In her family, young girls usually spent their time going to parties until they married rich young
men. But Florence found parties boring; she wanted to be a nurse. Finally, in 1850,
when she was 30, her parents accepted her decision. So she went to study in a
hospital in Germany. Then she was in charge of a nursing-home for women in
London. Soon she was asked to go to the Crimea to take charge of the wounded
soldiers.
The conditions in the Crimea hospital were terrible. Forty per cent of the patients died. Certain beds seemed fatal: soldiers died in them after two days.
Nightingale decided that this was because of bad drains, and insisted that the
government do something about it. Workmen put in a proper drainage system and
supplied pure drinking water. The death rate dropped to two percent. On her return
to England people greeted Florence Nightingale as a heroine. She was an important
force in the movement to reform hospitals and nursing in England. By 1900 unsafe
hospitals and ignorant nurses were things of the past.
2)译文：
南丁格尔
弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔出身于一个富裕的家庭，非常漂亮。

在她的家庭里，年轻女孩通常把时间花在聚会上，直到他们嫁给有钱的年轻人。

但是佛罗伦萨
发现派对很无聊，她想成为一名护士。

最后，在1850，当她30岁时，她的父母
接受了她的决定。

于是她去了德国的一家医院学习。

然后她负责伦敦的一家妇
女疗养院。

很快，她被要求去克里米亚接管伤员。

克里米亚医院的条件非常糟糕。

百分之四十的病人在医院里死去。

有些床
位似乎是致命的：士兵在床上呆两天就死去。

南丁格尔认为这是由于恶劣的排污状况引起的。

她主张政府要设法改变这种状况。

工人安装了合适的排水装置，提供纯净的饮用水。

死亡率下降到百分之二。

当她返回英国时，人们把弗罗伦斯•南丁格尔作为女英雄来欢迎。

她是英国医院改革及护理运动中一个重要的推动力。

到1900年，不保险的医院与无知的护士都不存在了。

3)旧课文：
STUDY AS LENIN STUDIED
Yesterday we went to an exhibition on the life and word of Lenin, the great revolutionary leader of the working class. There we saw pictures of Lenin’s early life. They were very inspiring and taught us a lot.
Lenin was born on April 22, 1870, in the town of Simbirsk. After he finished school there, he went to the University of Kaman. There he was a leader of the student movement and took an active part in revolutionary work.
Lenin lived simply and studied hard. He was the best student in his class, and was always ready to help his friends with their lessons. Lenin worked very hard at foreign languages, because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionary struggle. He read a great deal, and made full notes while he read.
He planned his work carefully, and never left today’s work for tomorrow.
Lenin learned not only from books. He talked with workers and peasants and learned a great deal from the. He was always close to the people, and the people loved him.
Lenin set an example to all of us. Let us study as Lenin studied.
4)译文：
昨天我们去了一个关于工人阶级伟大革命领袖列宁的生活和话语的展览。

在那里我们看到了列宁早期生活的照片。

他们非常鼓舞人心，教
会了我们很多东西。

列宁出生于1870年4月22日，在Simbirsk镇。

他在那里完成学业后，就去了卡曼大学。

在那里，他是学生运动的领袖，积极参加革命工作。

列宁生活简朴，学习努力。

他是班上最好的学生，随时准备帮助他的朋友们上课。

列宁努力学习外语，因为他知道他们是革命斗争的有用武
器。

他读了很多书，边读书边做笔记。

他仔细地计划工作，从不把今天
的工作留到明天去做。

列宁不仅从书本中学到东西。

他和工农谈话，从中学到很多东西。

他总是贴近人民，人民爱他。

列宁为我们树立了榜样。

让我们像列宁学习一样学习。

（二）DIALGUE：(对话)
1）原文：
AFTER THE TEST
-How did you do in yesterday’s test?
-Not very well, I’m afraid. I made a mistake in grammar and two spelling mistakes.
I wasn’t careful enough.
-We all make mistakes. But we can learn from our mistakes, can’t we?
-How did you do? Did you get everything right?
-I didn’t make any mistakes, but my handwriting was poor. My teacher told me to pay more attention to that.
2）译文：
测验之后
—昨天的测验你做得怎么样？
—恐怕不是很好。

我语法上错了一处，还错了两处拼写。

我不够细心。

—我们都会犯错的。

但从错误中能吸取教训，是不是？
—你做得怎么样？都做对了吗？
—我一个错都没有出，但是字写得太差了。

老师让我多注意书写。

（三）读音练习：
1.朗读下列语音练习，注意[ɔ:] [əu] [w] [v]
[ɔ:] portrait, more, your, walk, all, August, important, before, fourth, talk, wall,
daughter
[ əu] those, told, show, soap, October, only, close, clod, know, coat, socialist, over,
[w] winter, window, always, well, work, week, twelve
[v] very, every, seven, review, live, five, evening
2.快读下列词组和句子：
（1）注意[ɔ:] [əu]
Tomorrow morning, four weeks ago, go for a walk, on the fourth floor,
better than before, born in August, open the window, close the door, I don’t
know.
（2）注意[w] [v]
Very well, every evening, every week, twelve weeks, went away, work very
hard, seven workers
3.朗读下列动词，注出-ed读音：
[d] Lived, planned, showed, played,
[t] helped, stopped, asked, looked
[id] Wanted, shouted, decided, handed
4.朗读下段课文：
Lenin lived simply and studied hard. He was the best student in his class, and was always ready to help his friends with their lessons. Lenin worked very hard at
foreign languages, because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionary
struggle. He read a great deal, and made full notes while he read. He planned his
work carefully, and never left today’s work for tomorrow.
5.读音规则
（四）Grammar:语法
一般过去时
1.过去发生的事情或情况，刚刚过去的也用一般过去时，一般为动词原形+ed.
1)直接+ed
Wanted, accepted, insisted, seemed, greeted
2)以e 结尾的词只需+d
Died, decided,
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y 为I 再加ed.
Marred, supplied,
4)以重读闭音节结尾，且未尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先将这字母双写，再加
ed.
Dropped,
5)不规则动词：
Come – came, spend – spent, find – found , go- went, put – put ,
2.已学过的不规则动词：
（五）EXERCISES:（练习）
1)回答问题：
(A)新课文
1.Does Florence Nightingale come from England or German?
She came from England.
2.What was her family like？
Her family was rich.
3.How did young girls from rich family usually spent their time?
They usually spent their time going to parties.
4.What did Nightingale think of those parties?
She found the parties boring.
5.What did she do when she was 30?
She went to study in hospital in Germany.
6.What was she in charge of after she came back from Germany?
She was in charge of a nursing-home for women.
7.What did she go still after that?
She went to the Crimea to take charge of the wounded soldiers.
8.What were the conditions like in the Crimea hospital?
The conditions were terrible.
9.What was the reason for the high death rate?
It was because of the bed drains.
10.What did Nightingale insist ?
She insisted the government do something about the bad conditions.
11.What happen after that?
Workmen put in a proper drainage system and supplied pure drinking water. 12.What did the death rate dropped to?
It dropped to two per cent.
13.How did the England people greet Florence Nightingale?
They greeted her as a heroine.
14.What kind of the movement did she play an important the role in?
She played an important role in the movement to reform hospitals and nursing in England.
（B）旧课文
15.The students went to see an exhibition , didn’t they? What was the exhibition
about？
Yes, they did. The exhibition on the life and word of Lenin.
16.When was Lenin born? Where was he born?
Lenin was born in April 22, 1870, in the town of Simbisk.
17.What did he do after he finished school?
After he finished school, he went to the University of Kaman.
18.He took an active part in revolutionary work, didn’t he?
Yes, he did.
19.What part did he play in the student movement?
He was a leader of the student movement.
20.How did he study? Did he work hard at foreign languages? Why did he do so?
He studied hard. He was the best student in his class.
Yes, he did.
Because he knew they were a useful weapon in revolutionary struggle.
21.He read a great deal, didn’t he? What did he do while he read?
Yes , he did. When he read the books, he made full notes.
22.Did he learn only from books?
No, he didn’t.
23.How did he learn from the people? The people loved him deeply, didn’t they?
He talked with workers and peasants and learned a great deal from them.
Yes, they did.
24.What else do you know about Lenin?
He was a great man. He founded the first socialist regime in the word.
（c）对话问答：
25.Did you have a test yesterday?
Yes, we did.
26.How did you do in the test?
Not very well.
27.Did you make any mistakes? What mistakes did you make?
Yes , I did. I made a mistake in grammar and two spelling mistakes.
28.Are you very carful with your grammar? Did you often make mistake in your
written work?
No, I am not.
Sometimes.
29.How did the other comrades do in the test?
He did very well in the test.
30.Did anyone get everything right? Why could he do so well?
Yes, someone did. I think he is very carefully.
31.We must always be very careful in our oral and written exercises, don’t you
think?
Yes, I do.
2)写出下列动词的第三人称单数和现然分词：
3)翻译词组：
.
4)用所给词汇仿照例子谈话：
-Did you go to town yesterday?
-No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to town yesterday. I went there the day before yesterday.
1)Did you go to the park by bus?
No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to the park by bus. I went there by bicycle.
2)Did you see her in the reading-room?
No, I didn’t , I saw her in the dinner-room.
3)Did you get the book from Comrade Li?
No, I didn’t. I didn’t get the book form Comrade LI. I got the book from Lily.
4)Did you be born in 1938?
No, I didn’t. I didn’t be born in 1938. I were born in 1838.
5)用所给词汇补足下面的问句，并作出回答：
1.When did you …… ?
1)Begin to learn English
When did you begin to learn English?
I began to learn English when I was in University.
2)Have the basketball match
When did you have the basketball match?
We had the basketball match yesterday afternoon.
2.Where did he(she ,etc.)….?
1)Take the picture
Where did he take the picture?
He took the picture in his bedroom.
2)Write that letter
Where did she write that letter?
She wrote that letter in her hometown.
3.What did she (they, etc.) …?
1)Do during the last two periods
What did they do during the last two periods?
They did sports’ exam.
2)Tell you
What did she tell you ?
She told me you are a fuck.
4.Where were you (was Comrade Liu) …?
1)Last night
Where were you last night?
I played basketball all night.
2) A moment ago
Where was he a moment ago?
He went home a moment ago.
3)Last year
Where were you last year?
I were in hometown.
4)In 1949
Where were you in 1949?
I were not born yet.
5)At that time
Where were you at that time?
I were at school.
6)Born
Where were you born?
I were born in Guangzhou.wer
6)用所给动词的适当时态填空：
st Sunday I got ( get) up very early. After we had (have) our breakfast. Jack and I
went (go ) to the Summer Palace. We got(get) there at about nine. The weather was (be) lovely. It was (be) sunny and warm. There were (be ) a great number of people in the park. We took (take) a walk along the lake, then went(go) to see an exhibition in one of the buildings. We looked .(look) at the flowers and watched ( watch) the children play. We had (have) a good time. It was(be) nearly three
o’clock when we got (get) back to school. Then we took (take) a shower and had (have) a rest . in the evening, we saw (see) a film about Florence Nightingale.
We enjoyed (enjoy) it very much.
2.We will go (go) to work in a village in Daxing County next month and help (help) the
peasants with the harvesting. We will live (live) in the peasants’ homes, and work (work) with them in the fields. In the evening we will help (help) them to learn to read and write. We will work (work) there for three weeks. I am (be) sure we will learn (learn) a great deal there.
7)中译英：
（a）
1.他积极参加革命活动，是当时工人运动的领导人之一。

He took an active part in revolutionary activities, then he was one of the leader in the labor movement.
2.鲁迅在1881年出生在浙江绍兴。

Lu Sun was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, in 1881.
3.我们的领导人常常参加体力劳动，给我们树立了良好的榜样。

Our leaders often attend physical labor, they Make a good example for us.
4.老师要我们抄写第三段课文，并且造几个句子。

The teacher asked us copy the third paragraph of text, while made some sentences.
5.吴敏有很大的进步，她现在很少有拼法错误了。

Wu Ming have a great progress, now he seldom make spelling mistakes.
6.王清做完作业之后就帮助我学语法。

After Wang Xing finished his homework, he help me studies grammar.
（b）
在我们国家里，学生不仅从书本上学习，也向劳动人民学习。

上月我们到大兴县的一个村庄去劳动，我们每天和农民一起干活。

晚上我们和农民聊天。

他们给我们谈了很多解放前的生活情况，那时候（in those days）农民从早到晚劳动，得到的钱却很少，人人过着穷苦艰难的生活（live
a very hard life）. 而现在劳动人民都在过幸福生活。

我们在那里劳动了三个星期。

我们学到了很多东西。

In our country, students learn not only form book, also form the working peoples.
Last month, we went to work in a village in Da Xing County. We worked with peasants every day. We chatted with the peasants at night. They told us a lot about life before liberation. In those days peasants worked from morning to night, but only have a few money. Everybody lived a poor and difficult life. But now the working people are living happily ever after.
We worked there for three week, we have learned a lot.
8)口语练习：
（A）看图说话,用一般过去时或现在进行时：（学生做早操，上课，做功课，打篮球，种田等情景）
1.What are the students doing?
Yesterday, the students of our school get up early, and did morning
exercises. Then they went to lessons, did their handworks, and did their
homework. In the Afternoon, some of them played a basketball match.
The other worked in the field.
2.What did they do yesterday?
Look at this pictures. The students are very busy! They are doing
morning exercises. They are having a lessons. They are doing handworks.
They are doing homework. They are playing a basketball match. They
are working in the field.
（B）用下面句子开头，接下去说一段话：
1.I got up very early yesterday.
st Sunday Mary and Betty went to town.
10）阅读材料：
1.文章：
THE SAHARA
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world, 1000 miles from north to south and 3000 miles from east to west. But you mustn’t think of it as a “sea of sand.”There are plains of hard sands and plateaus with dried-up watercourses, and there are mountain ranges. Most of the Sahara receives almost no rain at all, and so there are no trees, no flowers, no grass. But there are places with plenty of underground water. Where underground water comes to the surface, there are oases. There you will find lots of dare-palms, and people also grow millet and vegetables. There the tired traveler takes a rest under the shady trees and has a good drink of its clear well water. The Sahara has a very important mineral –oil. This makes the Sahara rich and important.
2.译文：
撒哈拉沙漠
撒哈拉是世界上最大的沙漠，从北到南有1000英里，从东到西有3000英里。

但你不能把它看成是“沙海”。

这里有坚硬的沙地和干涸的河道的高原，还有山脉。

撒哈拉大部分地区几乎没有雨水，因此没有树木，没有鲜花，没有草。

但是有些地方地下水资源充足。

地下水到地表的地方，就有绿洲。

在那里，你会发现许多大胆的-棕榈，人们也种植小米和蔬菜。

在那里，疲惫的旅行者在阴凉的树下休息，喝了一口清澈的井水。

撒哈拉有一种非常重要的矿物油。

这使得撒哈拉沙漠富饶而重要。