英语演讲的艺术week-five
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relationships among the speaker’s ideas.
State Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences
• A skimpy preparation outlineபைடு நூலகம்is of little value.
• Stating main points and subpoints in full sentences will ensure that you develop your ideas fully.
Use a Consistent Pattern of Symbolization and Indentation
• See APS page 120. • Visual framework: the pattern of
symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that show the
• State main points and subpoints in full sentences.
• Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews.
• Attach a bibliography.
• Give your speech a title.
• See APS pages 122-124. Sample Preparation Outline With Commentary.
The Speaking Outline
• Speaking outline: a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech.
• It helps you prepare
the speech.
• Decide what you’ll say in
the introduction, how you will organize the main points and supporting materials in the body, and what you’ll say in the conclusion.
Label Transitions, Internal Summaries, and Internal Preview
• Usually they’re not incorporated into the system of symbolization and indentation.
• They’re labeled separately and are inserted in the outline where they’ll
Outlining the Speech
• Preparation outline: very detailed, for the planning stage.
• Speaking outline: very brief, for the delivery of the speech.
The Preparation Outline
• Preparation outline: a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.
• How well you have constructed the speech to accomplish your purpose and to communicate your central idea.
Label the
Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
State the Specific Purpose and Central Idea
• The specific purpose statement and the central idea should be separate units that appear before the text of the outline itself.
appear in the speech.
Attach a Bibliography
• Bibliography: a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.
• It shows all the books, magazines, newspapers, and Internet sources consulted, as well as any interviews or field research you conducted.
Give Your Speech a Title
• Three requirements for a good speech title: (1) be brief; (2) attract the attention of your audience; (3) encapsulate the main thrust of your speech.
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline
• State the specific purpose and central idea.
• Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.
State Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences
• A skimpy preparation outlineபைடு நூலகம்is of little value.
• Stating main points and subpoints in full sentences will ensure that you develop your ideas fully.
Use a Consistent Pattern of Symbolization and Indentation
• See APS page 120. • Visual framework: the pattern of
symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that show the
• State main points and subpoints in full sentences.
• Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews.
• Attach a bibliography.
• Give your speech a title.
• See APS pages 122-124. Sample Preparation Outline With Commentary.
The Speaking Outline
• Speaking outline: a brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation of a speech.
• It helps you prepare
the speech.
• Decide what you’ll say in
the introduction, how you will organize the main points and supporting materials in the body, and what you’ll say in the conclusion.
Label Transitions, Internal Summaries, and Internal Preview
• Usually they’re not incorporated into the system of symbolization and indentation.
• They’re labeled separately and are inserted in the outline where they’ll
Outlining the Speech
• Preparation outline: very detailed, for the planning stage.
• Speaking outline: very brief, for the delivery of the speech.
The Preparation Outline
• Preparation outline: a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.
• How well you have constructed the speech to accomplish your purpose and to communicate your central idea.
Label the
Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
State the Specific Purpose and Central Idea
• The specific purpose statement and the central idea should be separate units that appear before the text of the outline itself.
appear in the speech.
Attach a Bibliography
• Bibliography: a list of all the sources used in preparing a speech.
• It shows all the books, magazines, newspapers, and Internet sources consulted, as well as any interviews or field research you conducted.
Give Your Speech a Title
• Three requirements for a good speech title: (1) be brief; (2) attract the attention of your audience; (3) encapsulate the main thrust of your speech.
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline
• State the specific purpose and central idea.
• Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.