局部解剖学名词解释(中英文)

合集下载

局部解剖学

局部解剖学

局部解剖学习重点提要局部解剖学(regional anatomy)是按照人体的局部分区,研究各区域的层次结构及其内的器官与结构的位置、毗邻关系和临床应用的科学,是基础医学与临床医学之间的桥梁课程在局部解剖学学习的过程中我们应该熟悉掌握以下内容:一、重要局部结构(如沟、管、窝、孔、三角等)二、重要局部的层次(如腹壁与颅顶层次)三、内脏器官:位置、毗邻、血供等四、四肢:血管神经束;血管、神经的重要行程与分布五、与临床有关的问题:手术注意事项;神经损伤表现等本资料中的重点将用粗字底线予以标注,在重点知识点后将尽量附上图谱、歌诀、表格帮助大家记忆,“okay提示”指出常考点或特别重要的重点目录第一章绪论............................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

一、局部解剖学的定义 ............................... 错误!未定义书签。

二、人体的分区 ........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

三、人体的基本层次 ................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第二章头颈部........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

一、颅顶........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

(一)额顶枕区 ................................... 错误!未定义书签。

(二)颞区 ........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

二、颈部........................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

中英对照

中英对照

中英对照局部解剖学常用中英文对照the lower limb下肢mamma 乳房axillary tail 腋尾iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓retromammary space 乳房后间隙lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙suspensory ligament of the breast 乳房悬韧带lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙cubital fossa 肘窝pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带bicipital aponeurosis 肱二头肌腱膜lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带median cubital vein 肘正中静脉femoral triangle 股三角humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管saphenous hiatus 隐静脉裂孔palmar 手掌cribriform fascia 筛筋膜volar carpal ligament 腕掌侧韧带femoral sheath 股鞘carpal canal 腕管femoral canal 股管palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜femoral ring 股环superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓femoral septum 股隔deep palmar arch 掌深弓Cloquet lymph node Cloquet淋巴结midpalmar space 掌中间隙adductor canal 收肌管thenar space 鱼际间隙arcuate artery 弓状动脉pulp space 指髓间隙malleolar canal 踝管vincula tendinum 腱纽the upper limb上肢dorsal venous rete of hand 手背静脉网the head头部axillary fossa 腋窝axillary fascia 腋筋膜face 面部axillary sheath 腋鞘parotidmasseteric fascia 腮腺咬肌筋膜clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜temporal fascia 颞筋膜trilateral foramen 三边孔parotid gland 腮腺quadrilateral foramen 四边孔submandibular gland 下颌下腺axillary lymphnodes 腋淋巴结群sublingual gland 舌下腺pteryoid venous plexus 翼静脉丛fascia and space 颈筋膜和筋膜间隙maxillary artery 上颌动脉superficial layer of the cervical deep fascia (investing fascia)颈深筋膜浅层(封套筋膜)facial artery 面动脉trigeminal nerve 三叉神经middle layer of the cervical deep fascia(visceral fascia)颈深筋膜中层(内脏筋膜)lingual nerve 舌神经hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经deep layer of the cervical deep fascia (prevertebral fascia)颈深筋膜深层(椎前筋膜)mandible 下颌骨maxilla 上颌骨pretracheal fascia 气管前筋膜medial pterygoid muscle 翼内肌Suprasternal space 胸骨上间隙lateral pterygoid muscle 翼外肌jugular venous arch 颈静脉弓submandibular triangle 下颌下三角pretracheal space 气管前间隙masseter space 咬肌间隙retropharyngeal space 咽后间隙pterygomandibular space 翼下颌间隙prevertebral space 椎前间隙sublingual space 舌下间隙carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘pterygopalatine space 翼腭间隙ansa cervicalis 颈袢skull 颅部false capsule of the thyroid gland 甲状腺假囊epicranial aponeurosis 帽状腱膜suspensory lig. of the thyroid gland 甲状腺悬韧带subaponeurotic space 腱膜下间隙Jugulodigastric lymph node 颈内静脉二腹肌淋巴结diploic vein 板障静脉emissary vein 导静脉Virchow lymph node 魏尔啸淋巴结sella region 鞍区submental lymph node 颏下淋巴结tuberculum sellae 鞍结节the thorax胸部hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝dorsum sellae 鞍背sternal angle 胸骨角sella turcica 蝶鞍endothoracic fascia 胸内筋膜diaphragma sellae 鞍膈Sibson fascia 希氏筋膜cavernous sinus 海绵窦cupula of pleura 胸膜顶the neck颈部costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝diaphragm 膈sternocostal triangle 胸肋三角lateral crus 外侧脚lumbocostal triangle 腰肋三角intercrural fibers 脚间纤维vena caval foramen 腔静脉裂孔reflected ligament 反转韧带esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔Hesselbach triangle 赫氏三角aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深环hilum of lung 肺门inguinal falx 腹股沟镰root of lung 肺根internal spermatic fascia 精索内筋膜segmental bronchus 段支气管sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘Bronchopulmonary segment 支气管肺段arcuate line 弓状线pulmonary ligament 肺韧带median umbilical fold 脐正中襞mediastinum 纵隔medial umbilical fold 脐内侧襞Triangle of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管三角lateral umbilical fold 脐外侧襞arterial ligament 动脉韧带McBurney point 麦氏点oblique sinus of pericardium 心包斜窦peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔transverse sinus of pericardium 心包横窦duodenojejunalflexure fold 十二指肠空肠曲皱襞thoracic duct 胸导管the abdomen腹部gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带gastropancreatic fold 胃胰襞abdomen wall 腹壁gastrosplenic lig. 胃脾韧带Camper fascia 康柏氏筋膜lienorenal ligament 脾肾韧带Scarpa fascia Scarpa筋膜hepatoduodenal lig. 肝十二指肠韧带aponeurosis of obliqueexternus abdominis 腹外斜肌腱膜hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带subphrenic space 膈下间隙inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带falciform ligament 镰状韧带lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带coronary ligament 冠状韧带pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带right triangular lig. 右三角韧带external spermatic fascia 精索外筋膜left triangular lig. 左三角韧带inguinal canal 腹股沟管hepatorenal recess 肝肾隐窝superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环omental bursa 网膜囊medial crus 内侧脚omental foramen 网膜孔。

医学类学习资料:局部解剖学名解

医学类学习资料:局部解剖学名解

下肢1.FemoralSheath股鞘前界为腹股沟韧带内侧部,后界为耻骨肌筋膜及耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带,外侧界为能耻弓。

腔隙内有股鞘及其包含的股动脉、股静脉、生殖股神经股支和淋巴管通过。

由箴棘韧带、坐骨小切迹、舐结节韧带围成,通过的结构由外向内依次为:阴部内动脉、静脉和阴部神经,由坐骨小孔进入坐骨肛门窝,分布于会阴部。

位于股中1/3段的的前内侧面,缝匠肌深面、大收肌和股内侧肌之间,横断面呈三角形。

其前壁是收肌腱板、缝匠肌;外侧壁是股内侧肌;后壁是大收肌和长收肌。

向上通股三角;下口为收肌腱裂孔,向下通胴窝。

内容物:前为股神经的股内侧肌支和隐神经;中间是股动脉;后方是股静脉、淋巴和疏松结缔组织等。

8.MalleolarCanal踝管由屈肌支持带与跟骨内侧面、内踝围成的管状结构。

屈肌支持带深面发出三个纤维隔,形成四个骨纤维性管。

从前向后依次容纳胫骨后肌腱及其腱鞘;趾长屈肌腱及其腱鞘;胫后血管及胫神经;拇长屈肌腱及其腱鞘。

股管的上口。

卵圆形,内侧界为腔隙韧带,后界为耻骨疏韧带,前界为腹股沟韧带,外侧界为股静脉内侧的纤维隔。

股环是股管上通腹腔的通道,被薄层疏松结缔组织覆盖,称股环隔。

10.FemoralTriangle股三角位于大腿前内侧上部,为尖朝下的三角区。

上界:腹股沟韧带;外侧界:缝匠肌的内侧缘;内侧界:长收肌的内侧缘;前壁:阔筋膜;后壁:自内向外为长收肌、耻骨肌和骼腰肌。

内容物由外向内:股神经、股鞘及其包含的股动脉、股静脉、股管及股深淋巴结和脂肪等。

此种关系可便于股动脉压迫止血,并有利于股动脉、静脉穿刺及股神经麻醉时定位。

由为股鞘内侧份漏斗状的筋膜间隙。

前壁:腹股沟韧带、腹横筋膜、阔筋膜、隐静脉裂孔镰状缘的上端和筛筋膜;后壁:骼腰筋膜、耻骨疏韧带、耻骨肌及其筋膜;内侧壁:腔隙韧带及股鞘内侧壁汐卜侧壁:股静脉内侧的纤维隔。

腹压增高时,腹腔脏器(主要为肠管)可被推向股凹,继经股环至股管,最后由隐静脉裂孔处突出,形成股疝。

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释

1.神经点punctum nerosum:在胸锁乳突肌后缘终点处,颈丛皮质浅出颈筋膜的集中点,是临床颈部皮神经阻滞麻醉部位。

2.胸骨上间隙suprastemal space:颈深筋膜浅层在距胸骨柄上缘三四厘米处,分为深浅两层,向下分别附于胸骨柄前后缘两层为胸骨上间隙,内有颈静脉弓,颈前静脉下端,胸锁乳突肌胸骨头,淋巴结及脂肪组织等。

3.颈动脉三角carotid triangle:由胸锁乳突骨上份前缘,肩胛舌骨肌上腹和二腹肌后腹围成。

内容有颈内静脉及其属支,颈总动脉及其分支,舌下神经及其降支,迷走神经及其分支,副神经以及部分颈深淋巴结等。

4.静脉角jugular angle:覆盖肺尖部的壁胸膜,突入颈根部,高出锁骨内侧三分之一上缘二到三厘米。

5.主动脉裂孔aortic hiatus:在膈左右角和脊柱之间,平第十二胸椎,正中线稍偏左侧,有主动脉胸导管和来自胸壁的淋巴管通过。

6.纵膈medrastinum:是左右纵膈胸膜之间的器官,结构,结缔组织的总称。

7.腹股沟镰imguinal galx:联合键conjouned tenclon:在腹直肌下部的外侧缘附近,腹横肌腱膜与内斜肌腱相互融合,结构腹膜腹股沟镰,亦称联合键。

8.腹股沟管深环profundal inguincd ring:腹横筋膜在腹股沟韧带中点上方一点五厘米处呈漏斗状突出形成腹股沟管深环。

9.腹股沟三角inguinal triangle:又称海氏hesselbach三角,由腹直肌外缘,腹股沟韧带和腹壁下动脉围成,是腹前外侧壁的薄弱部位。

10.腹股沟浅环superfical inguinal ring:为腹外斜肌腱膜在耻骨结节外上方的一个三角形裂隙,精索或子宫圆韧带有此穿入皮下。

11.小网膜lesser omentum:是连于膈,肝静脉韧带裂和肝门与胃小弯和十二指肠上部之间的双层腹膜,其左侧称肝胃韧带,右侧称肝十二指肠韧带,小网膜右侧为游离缘,其后方为网膜孔,12.胃脾韧带gastrosplenic ligament:由胃大弯左侧部连于脾门,为双层腹膜结构,其上份内有胃短动脉下份有胃网膜左动静脉。

必须掌握的局部解剖学英文名词

必须掌握的局部解剖学英文名词

必须掌握的局部解剖学英文名词1.Pretracheal space 气管前间隙:位于气管前筋膜与气管颈部之间。

内有甲状腺最下动脉、甲状腺下静脉和甲状腺奇静脉丛等。

2.Submandibular triangle 下颌下三角:由二腹肌前、后腹和下颌骨体下缘围成,又称二腹肌三角。

浅面有皮肤、浅筋膜、颈阔肌和封套筋膜,深面有下颌舌骨肌、舌骨舌肌及咽中缩肌。

3.Ansa cervicails 颈袢:由第1~3颈脊神经前支的分支构成,发支支配肩胛舌骨肌、胸骨舌骨肌和胸骨甲状肌。

甲状腺手术时,多平环状软骨切断舌骨下诸肌,可避免损伤颈袢肌支。

4.Carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘:由颈深筋膜向两侧扩展包裹颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈内静脉与迷走神经形成的筋膜鞘。

5.Cisterna chili 乳糜池:常位于第1腰椎体的前方,腹主动脉的右后方,上端延续为胸导管,向上经膈的主动脉裂孔进入胸腔。

由肠干和左、右腰干汇入。

6.Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜:位于锁骨下肌、胸小肌和喙突之间的深筋膜。

有头静脉、胸肩峰动脉分支和胸外侧神经淋巴管结构穿过。

手术切开筋膜时要保护胸外侧神经和头静脉。

7.Transverse sinus of pericardium 心包横窦:位于升主动脉、肺动脉干与上腔静脉、左心房前臂之间的间隙,心血管手术时,常经过此处夹闭主动脉和肺动脉以暂时阻断血流。

8.Triangle of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管三角:由左膈神经、左迷走神经和左肺动脉围成,内有动脉导管(韧带)、左喉返神经和心浅丛,是手术中寻找动脉导管的标志。

在施行动脉导管结扎术时,注意勿伤及左喉返神经。

9.Mesenteric sinuses 肠系膜窦:肠系膜根将横结肠及其系膜与升、降结肠之间的区域分为左、右肠系膜窦。

10.Hesselbach (inguinal triangle)海氏(腹股沟) 三角:位于腹股沟法韧带内侧半的上方,由腹直肌外侧缘、腹壁下动脉和腹股沟韧带围成的三角形区域,为腹前外侧壁的薄弱部分。

局部解剖学中英文索引

局部解剖学中英文索引

局部解剖学英中文索引abdominal cavity 腹腔accessory hemiazygos vein 副半奇静脉accessory nerve 副神经accessory pancreatic duct 副胰管accessory phrenic nerve 副膈神经accessory spleen 副脾adductor canal 收肌管adductor tendinous opening 收肌腱裂孔ansa cervicalis 颈袢anterior axillary line 腋前线anterior cervical lymph nodes 颈前淋巴结anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝anterior esophageal plexus 食管前丛anterior interventricular branch 前室间支anterior interventricular groove 前室间沟anterior jugular vein 颈前静脉anterior median line 前正中线anterior mediastinum 前纵隔anterior spinal artery 脊髓前动脉anterior vagal trunk 迷走神经前干anterior/posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 胰十二指肠上前、后动脉anterior cutaneous branches of femoral nerve 股神经前皮支anterior talofibular ligament 距腓前韧带anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉anterior tibial veins 胫前静脉anteroinferior sinus of pericardium 心包前下窦anus 肛门aortic arch 主动脉弓aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔aortic isthmus 主动脉峡apex of lung 肺尖appendicular artery 阑尾动脉arch of foot 足弓arch of thoracic duct 胸导管弓arcuate line 弓状线areola of breast 乳晕arteria thyroidea ima 甲状腺最下动脉arterial ligament 动脉韧带artery of penis 阴茎动脉ascending colon 升结肠atlantoaxial joint 寰枢关节auriculotemporal nerve 耳颞神经axillary fossa 腋窝axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结axillary nerve 腋神经axillary vein 腋静脉azygos vein 奇静脉bare area of liver 肝裸区base of lung 肺底basilic vein 贵要静脉bicipital aponeurosis 肱二头肌腱膜bifurcation of trachea 气管杈brachial artery 肱动脉brachial plexus 臂丛brachial veins 肱静脉brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干brachiocephalic vein 头臂静脉breast 乳房broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带bronchial artery 支气管动脉bronchial vein 支气管静脉bronchopulmonary lymph node 支气管肺淋巴结bronchopulmonary segment 支气管肺段buccal artery 颊动脉buccal branches 颊支buccal nerve 颊神经buccopharyngeal fascia 颊咽筋膜bulb of vestibule 前庭球bulbo-urethral gland 尿道球腺calcaneofibular ligament 跟腓韧带capsule of prostate 前列腺囊cardiac apex 心尖cardiac base 心底cardinal ligament of uterus 子宫主韧带carina of trachea 气管隆嵴carotid sheath 颈动脉鞘carotid glomus 颈动脉小球carotid sinus 颈动脉窦carotid triangle 颈动脉三角carotid tubercle 颈动脉结节carpal canal 腕管cauda equina 马尾cavernous sinus 海绵窦cecum 盲肠celiac trunk 腹腔干central tendon 中心腱cephalic vein 头静脉cerebe11omedu11ary cistern 小脑延髓池cervical branch of facial nerve 面神经颈支cervical fascia 颈筋膜cervical part of esophagus 食管颈部cervical part of sympathetic trunk 颈交感干cervical part of trachea 气管颈部cervical plexus 颈丛cervicothoracic ganglion 颈胸神经节circumflex branch 旋支cisterna chyli 乳糜池clavicle 锁骨clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜coccygeus 尾骨肌coccyx 尾骨common carotid artery 颈总动脉common flexor sheath 屈肌总腱鞘common bile duct 胆总管common hepatic duct 肝总管common iliac lymph nodes 髂总淋巴结common peroneal nerve 腓总神经compartment of abductor pollicis 拇收肌鞘conjoined tendon 联合腱coracoid process 喙突coronary groove 冠状沟coronary ligament 冠状韧带coronary sinus 冠状窦costal arch 肋弓costal pleura 肋胸膜costocervical trunk 肋颈干costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝costomediastinal recess 肋纵隔隐窝cremaster 提睾肌cricoid cartilage 环状软骨cruciform ligament of atlas 寰椎十字韧带cubital fossa 肘窝cupula pleurae 胸膜顶cutaneous branches of obturator nerve 闭孔神经皮支cystic artery 胆囊动脉dartos coat 肉膜deep anterior cervical lymph nodes 颈前深淋巴结deep brachial artery 肱深动脉deep branch of radial nerve 桡神经深支deep branch of ulnar nerve 尺神经深支deep branch of plantar artery 足底深支deep cardiac plexus 心深丛deep cubital lymph nodes 肘深淋巴结deep fascia of penis 阴茎深筋膜deep iliac circumflex artery 旋髂深动脉deep inguinal lymph nodes 腹股沟深淋巴结deep palmar arch 掌深弓deep perineal space 会阴深隙deep popliteal lymph nodes 腘深淋巴结deep transverse perineal muscle 会阴深横肌denticulate ligament 齿状韧带descending colon 降结肠descending genicular artery 膝降动脉diaphragmatic pleura 膈胸膜diaphragm 膈digastric triangle 二腹肌三角dorsal artery of foot 足背动脉dorsal branch of ulnar nerve 尺神经手背支dorsal scapular artery 肩胛背动脉dorsal scapular nerve 胸背神经dorsal venous rete of hand 手背静脉网dorsum sellae 鞍背ductus deferens 输精管duodenum 十二指肠ejaculatory duct 射精管endothoracic fascia 胸内筋膜epicranial aponeurosis 帽状腱膜epidural space 硬膜外隙erector spinae 竖脊肌esophageal artery 食管动脉esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔esophageal vein 食管静脉extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持带external carotid artery 颈外动脉external iliac artery 髂外动脉external iliac lymph nodes 髂外淋巴结external intercostal membrane 肋间外膜external jugular vein 颈外静脉external occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸external pudendal artery 阴部外动脉external pudendal vein 阴部外静脉external spermatic fascia 精索外筋膜external vertebral venous plexus 椎外静脉丛extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜下筋膜(腹膜外筋膜) facial artery 面动脉facial nerve 面神经facial vein 面静脉falciform ligament 镰状韧带fascial sheath of prostate 前列腺(筋膜)鞘female external genital organs 女性外生殖器female urethra 女性尿道femoral artery 股动脉femoral canal 股管femoral nerve 股神经femoral ring 股环femoral septum 股环隔femoral sheath 股鞘femoral triangle 股三角femoral vein 股静脉fibrous pericardium 纤维心包filum terminale 终丝flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带fornix of vagina 阴道穹gallbladder 胆囊ganglion impar 奇神经节gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带gastropancreatic ligament 胃胰韧带gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带genitofemoral nerve 生殖股神经gluteus maximus 臀大肌gluteus medius 臀中肌gluteus minimus 臀小肌great auricular nerve 耳大神经great saphenous vein 大隐静脉greater occipital nerve 枕大神经greater omentum 大网膜greater pelvis 大骨盆greater sciatic foramen 坐骨大孔greater splanchnic nerve 内脏大神经greater supraclavicular fossa 锁骨上大窝greater vestibular gland 前庭大腺grey communicant ramus 灰交通支hemiazygos vein 半奇静脉hepatic duct 肝管hepatic pedicle 肝蒂hepatic portal vein 肝门静脉hepatoduodenal ligament 肝十二指肠韧带hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带hepatopancreatic ampulla 肝胰壶腹Hesselbach三角腹股沟三角(海氏三角)hilum of lung 肺门horizontal fissue 水平裂humeromuscular tunnel 肱骨肌管hyoid bone 舌骨hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝hypophysis 垂体hypothenar fascia 小鱼际筋膜ileocecal valve 回盲瓣ileocolic artery 回结肠动脉ileum 回肠iliac crest 髂嵴iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹下神经ilioinguinal nerve 髂腹股沟神经iliolumbar artery 髂腰动脉iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓iliotibial tract 髂胫束inferior alveolar artery 下牙槽动脉inferior alveolar nerve 下牙槽神经inferior angle of scapula 肩胛骨下角inferior cervical ganglion 颈下神经节inferior cluneal nerves 臀下皮神经inferior epigastric artery 腹壁下动脉inferior extensor retinaculum 伸肌下支持带inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm 盆膈下筋膜inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈下筋膜inferior fossa of clavicle 锁骨下窝inferior gluteal artery 臀下动脉inferior gluteal vein 臀下静脉inferior hypogastric plexus 下腹下丛inferior laryngeal nerve 喉下神经inferior lumbar triangle 腰下三角inferior mediastinum 下纵隔inferior mesenteric artery 肠系膜下动脉inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 胰十二指肠下动脉inferior pelvic aperture 骨盆下口inferior phrenic artery 膈下动脉inferior phrenic lymph nodes 膈下淋巴结inferior rectal artery 直肠下动脉inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉inferior thyroid vein 甲状腺下静脉inferior vena cava 下腔静脉inferior vesical artery 膀胱下动脉infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝infra-orbital foramen 眶下孔infraorbital artery 眶下动脉infraorbital nerve 眶下神经infrapatellar fat pad 髌下脂垫infrasternal angle 胸骨下角inguinal canal 腹股沟管inguinal falx 腹股沟镰inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角(Hesselbach三角) interatrial groove 房间沟intercostal lymph nodes 肋间淋巴结intercostal nerve 肋间神经intercostal space 肋间隙intercostales externi 肋间外肌intercostales interni 肋间内肌intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌intercostobrachial nerve 肋间臂神经intercrural fibers 脚间纤维interfoveolar ligament 窝间韧带internal carotid artery 颈内动脉internal iliac artery 髂内动脉internal iliac lymph nodes 髂内淋巴结internal iliac vein 髂内静脉internal intercostal membrane 肋间内膜internal jugular vein 颈内静脉internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉internal spermatic fascia 精索内筋膜internal thoracic artery 胸廓内动脉internal thoracic vein 胸廓内静脉internal vertebral venous plexus 椎内静脉丛interpectoral lymph nodes 胸肌间淋巴结interpectoral space 胸肌间隙intervertebral disc 椎间盘intervertebral foramen 椎间孔ischiorectal fossa 坐骨直肠窝jejunum 空肠jugular notch 颈静脉切迹jugular venous arch 颈静脉弓jugulodigastric lymph nodes 颈内静脉二腹肌淋巴结lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带(陷窝韧带)lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙laryngeal prominence 喉结lateral crus 外侧脚lateral intermuscular septum of palm 掌外侧肌间隔lateral pterygoid muscle 翼外肌lateral thoracic artery 胸外侧动脉lateral thoracic vein 胸外侧静脉lateral umbilical fold 脐外侧襞lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 股外侧皮神经lateral ligament 外侧韧带lateral plantar artery 足底外侧动脉lateral plantar nerve 足底外侧神经lateral superior genicular artery 膝上外侧动脉lateral sural cutaneous nerve 腓肠外侧皮神经lateral tarsal artery 跗外侧动脉latissimus dorsi 背阔肌left atrium 左心房left colic artery 左结肠动脉left common carotid artery 左颈总动脉left coronary artery 左冠状动脉left crus 左脚left gastric artery 胃左动脉left gastroepiploic artery 胃网膜左动脉left interlobar fissure 左叶间裂left intersegmental fissure 左段间裂left principal bronchus 左主支气管left subclavian artery 左锁骨下动脉left triangular ligament 左三角韧带left ventricle 左心室lesser occipital nerve 枕小神经lesser omentum 小网膜lesser pelvis 小骨盆lessor sciatic foramen 坐骨小孔lesser splanchnic nerve 内脏小神经lesser supraclavicular fossa 锁骨上小窝levator ani 肛提肌levator prostatae 前列腺提肌lienocolic ligament 脾结肠韧带lienorenal ligament 脾肾韧带ligamenta flava 黄韧带linea alba 白线linea semilunaris 半月线lingual nerve 舌神经liver 肝lower polar artery 下极动脉lumbar arteries 腰动脉lumbar ganglion 腰神经节lumbar sympathetic trunk 腰交感干lumbocostal ligament 腰肋韧带lumbocostal triangle 腰肋三角lung 肺Luschka nerve 窦椎神经,脊膜支major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头male urethra 男性尿道malleolar canal 踝管mammary gland 乳腺mamma 乳房mandibular nerve 下颌神经marginal mandibular branch 下颌缘支masseter muscle 咬肌masseter space 咬肌间隙mastoid process 乳突maxillary artery 上颌动脉medial cluneal nerves 臀内侧皮神经medial crus 内侧脚medial intermuscular septum of palm 掌内侧肌间隔medial ligament 内侧韧带medial plantar artery 足底内侧动脉medial plantar nerve 足底内侧神经medial pterygoid muscle 翼内肌medial sural cutaneous nerve 腓肠内侧皮神经medial tarsal arteries 跗内侧动脉medial umbilical fold 脐内侧襞median fissure 正中裂median cubital vein 肘正中静脉median nerve 正中神经median sacral artery 骶正中动脉median umbilical fold 脐正中襞mediastinal pleura 纵隔胸膜mediastinum 纵隔mental foramen 颏孔mental nerve 颏神经mesentery 肠系膜midaxillary line 腋中线midclavicular line 锁骨中线midpalmar space 掌中间隙middle cervical ganglion 颈中神经节middle colic artery 中结肠动脉middle cranial fossa 颅中窝middle mediastinum 中纵隔middle meningeal artery 脑膜中动脉middle suprarenal artery 肾上腺中动脉middle thyroid vein 甲状腺中静脉midpalmar space 掌中间隙musclar triangle 肌三角musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经myotendinous cuff 肌腱袖nuchal fascia 项筋膜obliguus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌oblique fissue 斜裂oblique sinus of pericardium 心包斜窦obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌obturator artery 闭孔动脉obturator canal 闭膜管obturator internus 闭孔内肌obturator externus 闭孔外肌occipital artery 枕动脉occipital triangle 枕三角omoclavicular triangle 肩胛舌骨肌锁骨三角ovary 卵巢palmar aponeurosis 掌腱膜palmar intermediate septum 掌中隔palmar interosseous fascia 骨间掌侧筋膜palm of hand 手掌pancreas 胰pancreatic duct 胰管papillae 乳头pararectal lymph nodes 直肠旁淋巴结pararectal space 直肠周间隙parasternal line 胸骨旁线parasternal lymph nodes 胸骨旁淋巴结parathyroid gland 甲状旁腺paratracheal lymph nodes 气管旁淋巴结paraumbilical vein 附脐静脉parietal pelvic fascia 盆壁筋膜parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜(腹膜壁层)parietal pleura 壁胸膜(胸膜壁层)parotid duct 腮腺管parotid gland 腮腺parotid lymph nodes 腮腺淋巴结pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带(Cooper韧带) pectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor 胸小肌pelvic diaphragm 盆膈pelvic fascia spaces 盆筋膜间隙pelvic fascia 盆筋膜pelvic part of ductus deferens 输精管盆部pelvic part of the ureter 输尿管盆部pelvic peritoneum 盆腔腹膜pelvic plexus 盆丛pelvic splanchnic nerve 盆内脏神经pelvis 盆部、骨盆penis 阴茎pericardial cavity 心包腔pericardial sinus 心包窦pericardium 心包perineal artery 会阴动脉perineal central tendon 会阴中心腱perineal membrane 会阴膜perineal nerve 会阴神经perineum 会阴peroneal artery 腓动脉phrenic nerve 膈神经phrenicosplenic ligament 膈脾韧带piriformis 梨状肌plantar aponeurosis 足底腱膜platysma 颈阔肌pleural cavity 胸膜腔pleural recess 胸膜隐窝pleura 胸膜popliteal artery 腘动脉popliteal fossa 腘窝popliteal vein 腘静脉posterior axillary line 腋后线posterior belly of digastric 二腹肌后腹posterior branch of left ventricle 左室后支posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝posterior esophageal plexus 食管后丛posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 股后皮神经posterior gastric artery 胃后动脉posterior humeral circumflex artery 旋肱后动脉posterior intercostal artery 肋间后动脉posterior intercostal vein 肋间后静脉posterior interventricular branch 后室间支posterior interventricular groove 后室间沟posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带posterior median line 后正中线posterior mediastinal lymph nodes 纵隔后淋巴结posterior mediastinum 后纵隔posterior rami 脊神经后支posterior space of abductor pollicis 拇收肌后隙posterior spinal artery 脊髓后动脉posterior superior alveolar artery 上牙槽后动脉posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘posterior talofibular ligament 距腓后韧带posterior tibial artery 胫后动脉posterior tibial veins 胫后静脉posterior vagal trunk 迷走神经后干presacral space 骶前间隙pretracheal fascia 气管前筋膜pretracheal layer 气管前层pretracheal space 气管前间隙prevertebral layer 椎前层prevertebral space 椎前间隙prevesical space 膀胱前隙proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带prostate 前列腺pterion 翼点pterygoid venous plexus 翼静脉丛pterygomandibular space 翼下颌间隙pubococcygeus 耻尾肌puboprostatic ligament 耻骨前列腺韧带puborectalis 耻骨直肠肌pubouterine ligament 耻骨子宫韧带pubovaginalis 耻骨阴道肌pubovesical ligament 耻骨膀胱韧带pudendal canal 阴部管pudendal nerve 阴部神经pulmonary artery 肺动脉pulmonary ligament 肺韧带pulmonary plexus 肺丛pulmonary vein 肺静脉pulp space 指髓间隙quadratus femoris 股方肌quadrilateral foramen 四边孔radial artery 桡动脉radial carpal canal 桡侧腕管radial nerve 桡神经radicular artery 根动脉rectal fascia 直肠筋膜rectouterine fold 直肠子宫襞rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹rectovaginal septum 直肠阴道隔rectovesical fold 直肠膀胱襞rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹rectovesical septum 直肠膀胱隔rectum 直肠rectus abdominis 腹直肌recurrent laryngeal nerve 喉返神经reflected ligament 反转韧带renal artery 肾动脉renal fascia 肾筋膜renal hilum 肾门renal pedicle 肾蒂renal sinus 肾窦retroesophageal recess 食管后隐窝retroesophageal space 食管后间隙retromammary space 乳房后间隙retromandibular vein 下颌后静脉retropharyngeal space 咽后间隙retropubic space 耻骨后隙retrorectal space 直肠后隙retrosternal space 胸骨后间隙right atrium 右心房right coronary artery 右冠状动脉right crus 右脚right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管right principal bronchus 右主支气管right ventricle 右心室right colic artery 右结肠动脉right gastric artery 胃右动脉right gastroepiploic artery 胃网膜右动脉right interlobar fissure 右叶间裂right intersegmental fissure 右段间裂right triangular ligament 右三角韧带root of lung 肺根root of neck 颈根部round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带sacral cornu 骶角sacral lymph nodes 骶淋巴结sacral plexus 骶丛sacral sympathetic trunk 骶交感干sacral venous plexus 骶静脉丛sacrouterine ligament 骶子宫韧带saphenous hiatus 隐静脉裂孔saphenous nerve 隐神经scapular line 肩胛线sciatic bursa of gluteus maximus 臀大肌坐骨囊sciatic nerve 坐骨神经scrotum 阴囊segmental bronchus 肺段支气管segments of spinal cord 脊髓节段semicircular line 半环线seminal vesicle 精囊semispinalis 半棘肌serous pericardium 浆膜心包serratus anterior 前锯肌sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘short gastric arteries 胃短动脉sigmoid arteries 乙状结肠动脉sigmoid colon 乙状结肠Sibson筋膜胸膜上膜(席氏筋膜)sinuvertebral nerve 窦椎神经,脊膜支small saphenous vein 小隐静脉spermatic cord 精索sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌sphincter ani internus 肛门内括约肌sphincter urethrae 尿道括约肌spinal arachnoid mater 脊髓蛛网膜spinal dura mater 硬脊膜spinal pia mater 软脊膜spine of scapula 肩胛冈spinous process 棘突splenius 夹肌spleen 脾splenic artery 脾动脉splenic vein 脾静脉stellate ganglion 星状神经节sternal angle 胸骨角sternal line 胸骨线sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区sternocostal triangle 胸肋三角stomach 胃subarachnoid space 蛛网膜下隙subclavian artery 锁骨下动脉subclavian vein 锁骨下静脉subclavius 锁骨下肌subcostal nerve 肋下神经subcutaneous prepatellar bursa 髌前皮下囊subdural space 硬膜下隙sublingual space 舌下间隙subphrenic space 膈下间隙submandibular ganglion 下颌下神经节submandibular gland 下颌下腺submandibular triangle 下颌下三角submental triangle 颏下三角suboccipital triangle 枕下三角suboccipital venous plexus 枕下静脉丛subscapular artery 肩胛下动脉superciliary arch 眉弓superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes 颈前浅淋巴结superficial branch of radial nerve 桡神经浅支superficial branch of ulnar nerve 尺神经浅支superficial cardiac plexus 心浅丛superficial epigastric artery 腹壁浅动脉superficial fascia of penis 阴茎浅筋膜superficial fascia of perineum 会阴浅筋膜superficial iliac circumflex artery 旋髂浅动脉superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环(皮下环,外环)superficial inguinal lymph nodes 腹股沟浅淋巴结superficial lateral femoral vein 股外侧浅静脉superficial laryer 浅层superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓superficial perineal space 会阴浅隙superficial transverse perineal muscle 会阴浅横肌superior cervical ganglion 颈上神经节superior clunial nerves 臀上皮神经superior epigastric artery 腹壁上动脉superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm 盆膈上筋膜superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈上筋膜superior gluteal artery 臀上动脉superior hypogastric plexus 上腹下丛superior laryngeal nerve 喉上神经superior lumbar triangle 腰上三角superior mediastinum 上纵隔superior mesenteric artery 肠系膜上动脉superior pelvic aperture 骨盆上口superior phrenic lymph nodes 膈上淋巴结superior rectal artery 直肠上动脉superior thyroid artery 甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid vein 甲状腺上静脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉superior vesical artery 膀胱上动脉supra-orbital foramen 眶上孔supra-orbital nerve 眶上神经supra-orbital notch 眶上切迹supraclavicular lymph nodes 锁骨上淋巴结supraclavicular nerves 锁骨上神经supraclavicular space 锁骨上间隙supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角suprapleural membrane 胸膜上膜suprasternal fossa 胸骨上窝suprasternal space 胸骨上间隙suspensory ligament of breast 乳房悬韧带suspensory muscle of duodenum 十二指肠悬肌temporal branches 颞支temporal fascia 颞筋膜temporal muscle 颞肌tendinous sheaths of fingers 指腱鞘tentorium cerebelli 小脑幕terminal cistern 终池terminal line 界线testicular(ovarian)artery 睾丸(卵巢)动脉thenar fascia 鱼际筋膜thenar space 鱼际间隙third occipital nerve 第3枕神经thoracic aorta 胸主动脉thoracic cage 胸廓thoracic duct 胸导管thoracic ganglia 胸神经节thoracic part of esophagus 食管胸部thoracic part of trachea 气管胸部thoracic sympathetic trunk 胸交感干thoracoacromial artery 胸肩峰动脉thoracodorsal nerve 胸背神经thoracoepigastric vein 胸腹壁静脉thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜thymus 胸腺thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨thyroid gland 甲状腺tibial nerve 胫神经trachea 气管tracheobronchial lymph nodes 气管支气管淋巴结transversalis fascia 腹横筋膜transverse carpal ligament 腕横韧带transverse cervical artery 颈横动脉transverse foramen 横突孔transverse ligament of atlas 寰椎横韧带transverse nerve of neck 颈横神经transverse perineal ligament 会阴横韧带transverse sinus of pericardium 心包横窦transversus abdominis 腹横肌t ransverse colon 横结肠trapezius 斜方肌triangle of ductus arteriosus 动脉导管三角trigeminal nerve 三叉神经trilateral foramen 三边孔tuberculum sellae 鞍结节tunica vaginalis of testis 睾丸鞘膜ulnar artery 尺动脉ulnar carpal canal 尺侧腕管ulnar nerve 尺神经uncus of vertebral body 椎体钩urinary bladder 膀胱urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈urogenital region 尿生殖区uterine artery 子宫动脉uterine tube 输卵管uterus 子宫vagina 阴道vagus nerve 迷走神经vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔vermiform appendix 阑尾vertebral artery 椎动脉vertebral canaI 椎管vertebral region 脊柱区vertebral venous plexus 椎静脉丛vesical fascia 膀胱筋膜vesicouterine pouch 膀胱子宫陷凹vesicovaginal septum 膀胱阴道隔Virchow lymph nodes 左侧斜角肌淋巴结visceral pelvic fascia 盆脏筋膜visceral pleura 脏胸膜(胸膜脏层)volar carpal ligament 腕掌侧韧带white communicant ramus 白交通支wrist 腕xiphocostal angle 剑肋角xiphoid process 剑突zygapophyseal joints 关节突关节zygomatic arch 颧弓zygomatic branches 颧支。

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释1.股三角(femoral triangle):位于股前内侧区倒置的三角形间隙,由腹股沟韧带,缝匠肌内侧缘,长收肌内侧缘围成。

其内有隐神经、股动脉、股静脉通过。

2.股鞘(femoral sheath):在股三角内,可见自腹横筋膜和髂腰筋膜向下延续,包绕股动脉,股静脉上段的筋膜鞘,即为骨鞘。

3.股管(femoral canal):骨鞘在矢状面上被筋膜分成三份,外侧容纳股动脉,中间容纳股静脉,内侧格即为股管。

4.股环(femoral ring):股管的上口即为股环,其前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带,外侧界为股静脉内侧的纤维隔。

5.肌腔隙(lacuna musculorum):肌腔隙前界为腹股沟韧带外侧部,后外界为髂骨,内侧界为髂耻弓。

其内有髂腰肌、股神经和股外侧皮神经通过,是腹、盆腔与股内侧区之间的重要通道。

6.血管腔隙(lacuna vasorum):血管腔隙前界为腹股沟韧带内侧部,后界为耻骨肌筋膜及耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带(陷窝韧带),外界为髂耻弓。

其内有骨鞘及其包含的股动、静脉、生殖股神经股支和淋巴管通过。

7.收肌管(adductor canal):又称Hunter管,位于股中1/3段前内侧,外侧壁为股内侧肌,内侧壁为大收肌,前壁是缝匠肌以及股收肌板,下口为大收肌腱裂孔,其内有隐神经、股血管通过。

8.腕管(carpal canal):由腕横韧带与腕骨沟共同构成的骨筋膜鞘。

管内有指浅、深屈肌腱及拇长屈肌腱共9条肌腱、正中神经、桡侧囊、尺侧囊通过。

9.尺侧腕管(ulnarcarpal canal):腕横韧带尺侧端附于豌豆骨和钩骨,与腕掌侧韧带远侧份围成,内有尺神经和尺血管通过10.桡侧腕管(radial carpal canal):腕横韧带桡侧端分两层附于舟骨结节和大多角骨结节,其间的间隙即腕桡侧管。

其内有桡侧腕屈肌腱及其腱鞘通过11.掌浅弓(superficial palmar arch):位于掌腱膜深面,屈指肌腱及蚓状肌浅面。

局部解剖学名词解释缩印版

局部解剖学名词解释缩印版

局部解剖学名词解释1.【femoral triangle】股三角:位于股前部上三分之一,底在上,尖朝下的一个三角形区域。

上界为腹股沟韧带,外侧界为缝匠肌内侧缘,内侧界为长收肌内侧缘,前壁为阔筋膜,后壁为髂腰肌、耻骨肌和长收肌。

内有股神经、股动脉、股静脉、股管等结构及其分属支。

2.【femoral sheath】股鞘:为腹横筋膜与髂筋膜向下延伸并包绕股动脉和股静脉上段所成之漏斗形筋膜鞘,长3-4。

两个纵行的纤维隔将其分为3格,外侧格容纳股动脉、中间隔容纳股静脉、内侧格容纳股管。

3.【femoral canal】股管:为股鞘内侧份一个潜在性间隙(股鞘内侧格),长约1-2cm。

其上口为股环,通腹膜外间隙;下口为盲端,正对隐静脉裂孔。

腹腔内容物若顶着腹膜通过股环进入股管则形成股疝。

4.【femoral ring】股环:股管上口。

前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧为腔隙韧带,外侧借纤维隔与股静脉毗邻。

股环被腹膜外结缔组织所填充。

由于股环的前、后、内均为韧带,故骨疝容易发生嵌顿。

5.【lacuna musculorum】肌腔隙:由腹股沟韧带、髂骨、髂耻弓围成。

腔隙内有髂腰肌、股神经和股外侧皮神经通过。

6.【lacuna vasorum】血管腔隙:前界为腹股沟韧带、后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带,外侧界为髂耻弓。

腔隙内有股动、静脉,股管及腹股沟深淋巴结。

7.【addcutor cannal】收肌管:即hunter管,为位于股前内侧区中段三分之一的股性管道,向上延续于股三角尖,向下通至腘窝,长约15-17cm。

管的前臂为架于股内侧肌和大收肌间的股收肌板,外侧壁为股内侧肌,内侧壁为大收肌。

上口由股内侧肌、大收肌、收肌板上缘围成,下口为大收肌腱裂孔,前口为股收肌板下份的裂口。

管内通过的结构由前向后为隐神经、股动脉、股静脉。

8.【carpal canal】腕管:位于腕掌侧,是屈肌支持带和腕骨沟共同构成的骨颈膜鞘。

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释

1.Iliopecitioneal arch 髂耻弓:为一连于腹股沟韧带和髂耻隆起之间的韧带。

髂耻弓把腹股沟韧带后方的空隙分隔为外侧的肌腔隙和内侧的血管腔隙。

cuna musculorum 肌腔隙:为腹股沟韧带、髂骨、髂耻弓围成,内有髂腰肌、股N、股外侧皮神经通过。

cuna vasorum 血管腔隙:前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧为腔隙韧带(陷窝韧带),外侧界为髂耻弓。

腔隙内有股A/V、股管、腹股沟深淋巴结等。

4.Femoral ring 股环:为股管的上口。

前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧为腔隙韧带,外侧借纤维隔与股V毗邻。

股环被腹膜外结缔组织填充。

由于其三面都是韧带,故股疝易嵌顿。

5.Femoral triangle 股三角:位于股前部上1/3,为底在上、尖朝下的三角形凹陷。

由腹股沟韧带、缝匠肌和长收肌围成。

从外向内有股神经、股动脉和股静脉及其分支,还有股管(空隙)等结构。

6.Femoral sheath 股鞘:由腹前臂的腹横筋膜和腹后壁的髂筋膜延续而成,长3-4cm,分成三格。

分别容纳股动脉、股静脉和股管。

7.Femoral canal 股管:是向上的短锥形筋膜管,长1.5cm左右,上口为股环,内界为腔隙韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,前界为腹股沟韧带,外侧界wie股静脉内侧的纤维隔。

其内见到少许脂肪、疏松结缔组织和1-2个腹股沟淋巴结8.Adductor canal 收肌管:位于股前区1/3段前内侧、缝匠肌深面的一个肌性管道,长约15-17cm。

前壁为缝匠肌、大收肌腱板,外侧壁为股内侧肌,内侧为大收肌。

上口有隐神经核股血管进出,下口为大收肌腱裂孔,股血管经此进入腘窝,前口则有隐神经核膝降动脉隐支穿出。

9.Axillary sheath 腋鞘:在腋窝内,由颈深筋膜深层延续而来的筋膜鞘,包裹腋动脉及臂丛。

10.Humeromusular tunnel 肱骨肌管:肱三头肌3头与肱骨桡神经沟共同构成的一个自内上向外下旋绕肱骨干中分后外侧面的管道。

《局部解剖学》名词解释集锦.

《局部解剖学》名词解释集锦.

《局部解剖学》名词解释集锦2013级临床十三班第八室冯旭整理头颈部头皮(scalp)1. where:额顶枕区2. what:①皮肤(skin)②浅筋膜(superficial fascia)③帽状腱膜(epicranial aponeurosis)3. what to do:1) 头皮撕脱伤:腱膜下间隙是疏松结缔组织,容易分离,因此头皮发生撕脱时往往是前三层一起撕落。

2) 熊猫眼征:颅前窝骨折常累及额骨眶板和筛骨,引起的出血经前鼻孔流出;或流进眶内,眶周皮下及球结合膜下形成瘀血斑,称之“熊猫”眼征3) 颅内感染(为什么腱膜下间隙又称颅顶危险区?):此间隙内的静脉,经①导静脉与颅骨的②板障静脉及颅内的③硬脑膜静脉窦相通,若发生感染,可经上述途径继发颅骨骨髓炎或向颅内扩散,引起硬脑膜窦化脓感染,因此腹膜下间隙被认为是颅顶部的“危险区”。

危险三角(Dangerous triangle):危险三角区是在人的面部,以鼻梁骨的根部为顶点,两口角的连线为底边的一个等腰三角形区域。

这个区域的血液供应特别丰富,静脉与颅内交通,并缺少静脉瓣。

危险三角区内一旦发生感染很容易导致炎症在整个面部发生扩散,如果带菌的血液经①内眦静脉②眼上静脉③颅内海绵窦发生倒流注入颅内,就会引起颅内感染,危及生命。

补充:交通关系:两侧海绵窦经鞍膈前、后的海绵间窦相交通,形成环状窦。

海绵窦的前端与眼上、下静脉相连,还有蝶顶窦相连;窦的后端在颞骨岩部尖端处,分别于岩上、下窦相连;外下方与导静脉相连;向后还与基地静脉丛相连。

腮腺鞘(parotid sheath):为颈深筋膜浅层向上包裹腮腺形成的筋膜鞘,分浅、深两层,浅层致密与腮腺连接紧密。

深层薄而不完整。

两层在腮腺前缘融合,覆盖于咬肌表面,成为咬肌筋膜。

由鞘发出许多间隔伸入腮腺,将其分隔成许多小叶。

腮腺炎时由于腮腺鞘包裹,常引起剧痛,腮腺化脓时多形成散在性小脓肿,致使引流困难。

颈动脉鞘(carotid sheath):颈动脉鞘是颈筋膜在颈部大血管和迷走神经周围形成的筋膜鞘。

医学局部解剖名词解释

医学局部解剖名词解释

1. abdominal ring腹环(腹股沟深环)为腹横筋膜上的一个卵圆形裂隙,有精索或子宫圆韧带穿过。

体表投影位于腹股沟韧带中点上方1.5cm处。

2.adductor canal收肌管即Hunter管:位于股前内侧区中三分之一段的肌性管道,向上续于股三角尖,向下通至腘窝,长约15—17cm。

前壁:架于股内侧肌和大收肌间的股收肌板。

外侧壁:股内侧肌。

内侧壁:大收肌。

上口:股内侧肌大收肌股收肌板上缘围成。

下口:大收肌腱裂孔。

前口:股收肌板下份的裂口。

管内通过的结构由前向后有隐神经、股动脉和股静脉3. ansa cervicalis颈袢由第1~3颈脊神经前支的分支构成。

其中第1颈脊神经前支的部分纤维随舌下神经走行,在颈动脉三角内离开此神经,称颈袢上根,沿颈内动脉与颈总动脉浅面下行。

第2、3颈脊神经前支的部分纤维,经过颈丛联合,发出降支,称颈袢下根,沿颈内静脉浅面(或深面)下行。

上下两根在肩胛舌骨肌中间腱上缘,适平环状软骨弓处,在颈动脉鞘表面合成颈袢。

发支支配舌骨下肌。

甲状腺手术时,多平环状软骨切断舌骨下诸肌,可避免伤及神经。

4. arcuate line弓状线位于脐下4~5cm处,此处腹直肌鞘后层转至前层,而缺乏后层状结构,腹直肌后方仅为腹横筋膜。

上方腹直肌鞘后层的游离下缘成为弓状边缘称为弓状线。

5. axillary tail腋尾为乳房外上部的乳腺组织,沿第三肋间经胸大肌下缘突向腋腔的部分。

在检查乳房病变时应注意,以免遗漏。

6. bronchopulmonary segment支气管肺段每一个段支气管和他所属的肺组织成为一个支气管肺段。

通常右肺共有10个肺段,左肺8个。

7. Calot triangle胆囊三角(肝胆三角)由右肝管-肝总管、胆囊管和肝下面未成的区域成为Calot三角(肝胆三角)胆囊动脉由此经过,是手术时寻找胆囊动脉的部位。

.8.Carpal canal腕管位于腕掌侧,是屈肌支持带和腕骨沟共同构成的骨筋膜鞘。

局部解剖学名词解释整理

局部解剖学名词解释整理

局部解剖学名词解释整理1、lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙腹股沟韧带与髋骨间的间隙被髂耻弓(连于腹股沟韧带与髂耻隆起之间)分隔为内、外侧两部,外侧为肌腔隙;其前界为腹股沟韧带,后外侧界为髂骨,内侧界为髂耻弓;髂腰肌和股神经、股外侧皮神经通过此间隙;2、lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙腹股沟韧带与髋骨间的间隙被髂耻弓(连于腹股沟韧带与髂耻隆起之间)分隔为内、外侧两部,内侧为血管腔隙;其前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带(陷窝韧带),外侧界为髂耻弓;股鞘及其内容均通过血管腔隙进入股部,主要有股A、股V、淋巴管;3、femoral triangle 股三角位于股前部上1/3,底在上、尖朝下的一个三角形区域;(1)境界底边:腹股沟韧带;外侧界:缝匠肌内侧缘;内侧界:长收肌内侧缘;尖:缝匠肌、长收肌内侧缘交界处,距底边10—15cm前壁:阔筋膜;后壁:髂腰肌、耻骨肌、长收肌;(2)内容:股神经、股动脉、股静脉、股鞘、股管等及其分支;4、femoral sheath 股鞘为腹横筋膜与髂筋膜向下延伸并包绕股动脉和股静脉上段所成之漏斗形筋膜鞘,长3~4cm。

被两个纤维隔分成三个格:外侧格容纳股A;中间格容纳股V;内侧格容纳股管,内有淋巴结和脂肪组织。

5、femoral canal 股管股管为股鞘内侧份一个潜在性间隙(股鞘内侧隔),长1—2cm,;上口称股环,通腹膜外间隙;下口为盲端,正对隐静脉裂孔;股管内有脂肪组织和1—2个Cloguet淋巴结;功能:有利于充盈股V的扩张;作为从下肢到髂外淋巴结的一个淋巴通路;腹腔内容物若顶着腹膜可通过股环进入股管形成股疝。

6、femoral ring 股环即股管上口,直径0.8—1cm;前界:腹股沟韧带;后界:耻骨梳韧带;内侧界:腔隙韧带;外侧界:股静脉;股环被腹膜外结缔组织所填充;由于股环内、前、后三面均为韧带,故股疝易发生嵌顿。

7、adductor canal 收肌管位置:股前内侧区中1/3段的肌性管道,上通股三角、下通腘窝,长约15~17厘米。

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释

第一章头部腱膜下隙:腱膜下隙是指位于帽状腱膜与颅骨外膜之间的薄层疏松结缔组织。

此隙范围较广,前至眶上缘,后达上项线。

腮腺床:腮腺的深面与颈突诸肌及深部血管神经相邻,包括颈内动,静脉,和舌咽神经,迷走神经,副神经及舌下神经,它们共同构成腮腺床,即紧贴腮腺深面的结构。

翼丛:翼丛是静脉丛,位于颞下窝内在翼内,外肌与颞肌之间。

翼颌间隙:翼颌间隙是位于翼内肌与下颌支之间的间隙。

此间隙内有舌神经,下牙槽神经和同名血管。

小脑延髓池:小脑延髓池又称枕大池或大池,为脑中池最大者,位于小脑与延髓之间,向前经两侧小脑扁桃体之间的间隙连通第四脑室。

第二章颈部神经点:胸锁乳突肌后缘颈丛皮支浅出的集中点。

是颈部神经阻滞麻醉的重要阻滞点腋鞘(Axillary sheath):椎前筋膜(颈深筋膜深层)延续至腋窝,包裹腋动脉、腋静脉和臂丛的锁骨下部分所形成的筋膜鞘。

囊鞘间隙:甲状腺鞘和纤维囊之间的间隙。

斜角肌间隙:前、中斜角肌与第一肋之间形成一呈三角形的间隙,称为斜角肌间隙,内有锁骨下动脉和臂丛通过。

Virchow淋巴结:魏尔啸淋巴结(Virchow node)临床上对单个肿大的锁骨上淋巴结称为魏尔啸淋巴结,通常指左侧锁骨上肿大的淋巴结。

常可在胸锁乳突肌后缘与锁骨上缘形成的夹角处触摸到肿大的淋巴结。

食管腹段癌和胃癌常发生左锁骨上淋巴结转移,作为早期就诊的症状第三章胸部Cooper韧带:指乳腺叶之间结缔组织纤维束,一端连于浅筋膜深层。

动脉导管三角:位于主动脉弓左前方的一个三角区,其前界为左膈神经,后界为左迷走神经,下界为左肺动脉,三角区内有动脉韧带,左喉返神经,心浅丛。

胸腺三角:两侧胸膜前界在第二——四胸肋关节高度互相靠拢,向上向下又各自分开,形成两个三角形无胸膜区,上方的三角称胸腺三角,内有胸腺或胸腺遗迹。

心包裸区:在心包三角处,心包前面没有胸膜和肺覆盖,心包直接与左第4~6肋软骨前部,第4~5肋间隙及胸骨下部的左半相邻称心包裸区。

局部解剖学名词解释(中英文)

局部解剖学名词解释(中英文)

名词解释1、肋间隙(intercostal space): 位于相邻两肋之间,为胸壁的薄弱之处。

肋间隙的宽窄不一,上部肋间隙较宽,下部的较窄;前部较宽,后部较窄,并随体位不同而有差异。

肋间隙由肋间内肌和肋间外肌封闭,两层肌之间有肋间后血管和肋间神经。

胸膜腔穿刺时,常在腋后线至肩胛线之间的第8或第9肋间隙进针。

2、乳房悬韧带(suspensory lig. Of breast):乳腺周围的纤维组织发出许多小的纤维束,分别向深面连于胸筋膜,向浅面连于皮肤和乳头,对乳房起支持和固定作用。

这些纤维束称乳房悬韧带或Cooper韧带。

患乳腺癌时,由于韧带两端固定,无伸展性,常使皮肤形成凹陷。

3、腋鞘(axillary sheath):亦称颈腋管,由颈部的椎前筋膜延伸而成,包裹腋动、静脉和臂丛。

4、胸腰筋膜(thoracolumbar fascia): 胸腰筋膜包裹在竖脊肌和腰方肌的周围,在腰部筋膜明显增厚,分为浅层、中层和深层。

浅层位于竖脊肌的浅面,向内附于棘突的棘上韧带,向外附于肋角,向下附于髂嵴。

中层分隔竖脊肌和腰方肌。

中层和浅层在外侧会合,构成竖脊肌鞘。

深层覆盖在腰方肌的前面。

三层筋膜在腰方肌外侧缘会合,作为腹内斜肌和腹横肌的起始部。

由于腰部活动度大,在剧烈运动中,胸腰筋膜常可扭伤,是造成腰背部劳损病因之一。

5、肾区(renal region): 在腰背部,肾门的体表投影点位于竖脊肌外侧缘和第12肋的夹角处,称肾区。

肾炎和肾盂肾炎时肾区可有叩击痛。

6、三边孔(trilateral foramen):肱三头肌长头穿过大圆肌和肩胛下肌、小圆肌之间,其内侧即为三边孔,有旋肩胛血管通过7、四边孔(quadrilateral foramen): 肱三头肌长头与肱骨外科颈之间即为四边孔,有腋神经及旋肱后血管通过。

8、腹白线(linea alba):位于腹前壁正中线,介于左右腹直肌鞘之间,由两侧的腹直肌鞘纤维彼此交织而成,上方起自剑突,下方止于耻骨联合。

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释

局部解剖学名词解释名词解释1. 腮腺咬肌区:为腮腺和咬肌所在的下颌支外侧面和下颌后窝的区域,其上界为颧弓与外耳道。

下界为下颌骨下缘平面;前界为咬肌前缘;后界为乳突和胸锁乳突肌上部的前缘。

内侧界深至咽旁,为腮腺深部邻接的茎突、茎突诸肌、颈内动脉、颈内静脉、和X 一XII对脑神经等,浅为皮肤与浅筋膜。

腮腺咬肌区内主要生构为腮腺,此外,还有咬肌以及面侧部的有关血管、神经、林巴结等。

2. 腮腺床:位于腮腺深面的茎突及茎突诸肌,颈内动、静脉以及后4 对脑神经,共同形成“腮腺床”。

3. 面侧深区:位于腮腺咬肌区前部深面,颅底下方,口腔及咽的外侧,即颞下窝的范围。

由一顶、一底和四壁围成,顶为蝶骨大翼的颞下面;底平下颌骨下缘;前壁为上颌骨体的后面;后壁为腮腺深部前面;外侧壁为下颌支;内侧壁为翼突外侧板和咽侧壁。

此区内有翼内、外肌及出入颅底的血管、神经等。

4. 翼静脉丛:pteryoid venous plexus 位于翼内、外肌和颞肌之间,凡与上颌动脉及其分支伴行的静脉均参与此丛的形成。

并收纳相应区域的静脉血,翼静脉丛汇合成上颌静脉,汇入下颌后静脉。

翼静脉丛经过面深静脉与面静脉交通,并经卵圆孔网及破裂孔导血管与海绵窦交通,故口、鼻、咽等部位的感染可沿上述途径蔓延至颅内。

5. 咬肌间隙:masseter space 是位于咬肌与下颌支之间的狭隙。

咬肌的血管、神经通过下颌切迹穿入此隙,从深面进入咬肌。

咬肌间隙下部前邻下颌第三磨牙,后为腮腺。

许多牙源性感染如第三磨牙冠周炎,牙槽脓肿和下颌骨骨髓炎等均有可能扩散至此间隙。

6. 翼下颌间隙:pterygomandibual space 是位于下颌支与翼内肌之间的间隙。

与咬肌间隙仅隔下颌支,两间隙经下颌切迹相互交通。

此间隙前邻颊肌,后为腮腺,内有舌神经、下牙槽神经和下牙槽动、静脉通过。

下牙槽神经阻滞,即将麻醉药物注射于此间隙内。

牙源性感染亦常累及此间隙。

7. 舌下间隙:subli ngual space位于下颌骨体的内侧。

局部解剖学名词解释(2)

局部解剖学名词解释(2)

局部解剖学名词解释●股鞘(femoral sheath):由腹前壁的腹横筋膜和腹后壁的髂筋膜延续而成,长3~ 4厘米,分成三格。

外侧格容纳股动脉,中间格容纳股静脉,内侧格容纳X●股管(femoral canal):是向上的短锥形筋膜管,平均长1。

5厘米,管的前壁与阔筋膜融合,后壁与耻骨肌筋膜X,外侧壁是分隔X与股静脉的筋膜隔●Cloquet淋巴结(Cloquet lymph node):位于股管内的腹股沟深淋巴结●股环(femoral ring):股管上口,前界为腹股沟韧带,后界为耻骨梳韧带,内侧界为腔隙韧带。

外侧界借纤维隔与股静脉分开●收肌管(adductor canal):位于股前区1/3段前内侧、缝匠肌深面的一个间隙,长约15厘米,管的前壁为缝匠肌、大收肌腱板。

外侧壁为腹内侧肌;内侧壁为大收肌;上口:股内侧肌、大收肌、股收肌板上缘围成,有隐神经和股血管进出;下口;为大收肌腱裂孔,股血管经此进入腘窝。

前口:为股收肌板下份裂口,有隐神经和膝降动脉隐支穿出●腋鞘(axillary sheath):在腋窝内,包裹腋动脉及壁丛。

由颈深筋膜深层延续而来的筋膜鞘●锁胸筋膜(clavipectoral fascia):位于锁骨下肌、胸小肌和喙突之间的胸部深筋膜,有头静脉、胸肩峰动脉、胸肩静脉和胸外侧X穿过●腋尾(axillary tail):乳房外上份的腺组织可在胸大肌下缘,平第3肋间隙处穿腋筋膜孔深入腋窝,称为“腋尾”●乳房后间隙(retromammary space):乳房位于胸前壁浅筋膜内,它同胸大肌和前锯肌表面的深筋膜之间,隔以疏松结缔组织,称为“乳房后间隙”●乳房悬韧带(suspensory ligament of the breast):乳腺和输乳周围的纤维束,连于皮肤和深筋膜之间●肱骨肌管(humeromuscular tunnel):肱三头肌3头与肱骨桡神经沟共同构成一个自内上向外下旋绕肱骨干中份后外侧面的管道●腕管(carpal canal):腕横筋膜与腕骨共同构成的骨筋膜鞘。

局部解剖学名词解释(全英文)

局部解剖学名词解释(全英文)

1. Danger triangle of face:a triangle area bounded by the bilateral side ofthe nose and the upper lip, the facia vein pass through, it has no vavles, makes clinically important connection with the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein and through the pterygoid venous plexus via the deep facia vein, infection of the facia vein can spread to the dural venous sinuses(硬脑膜窦)2. Infratemporal fossa: a fossa in the deep part of lateral face bounded bythe infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone superiorly, posterior surface of maxilla anteriorly, external plate of sphenoid bone medially and the ramus of mandible laterally, its main contents are lateral and medial pterygoid muscle, maxillay vessels and pterygoid venous plexus and the branches of mandibular nerve3. Pterygoid venous plexus: located in the infratemporal fossa around thmaxillary artery and between the lateral and medial pterygoid, its tributaries correspond to the branches of the maxillary artery and communicate with both intracranial and extracranial veins4. SCALP: covers the vertex of the skull and extends between the right andleft temporal line,and from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line(上项线), it contains of five layers, the skin, the superficia fascia, the epicranial aponeurosis, the subaponeurosis loose connective tissue, the pericranium 5. Cavernous sinus: placed on each side of the sella turcica(蝶鞍), andextends from the superior orbital fissure(眶上裂) in front, to the apex of the petrous part(岩部) of temporal bone behind, the internal carotid artery and abducent nerve pass through while th oculomotor and trochlear nerves and the ophthalmic and the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal nerve are embeded in the lateral wall of the sinus6. Investing fascia: the superficia fascia of the cervical fascia, it is tubeshaped and ensheath the neck as a whole, it divide into two layers to enclose the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, the submandibular gland and parotid gland as well as th infrahyoid muscles, it forms two spaces the suprasternal space and submandibular space7. Pretracheal space: a potential space in front of the trachea and bebindthe infrahyoid muscles and pretracheal fascia, the pretracheal lymph nodes, inferior thyroid vein, unpaired thyroid venous plexus, arteriathyroidea ima, brachiocephalic trunk and left brachiocephalic vein in this space8. Pervertebral space:space between the prevertebral fascia and thecervical vertabral column9. Ansa cervicalis: the upper root is formed by the hypoglossal nerve andthe lower root is formed by the anterior branches of the 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves, they units together on the common carotid at the level of the lower border of the larynx, it innervate the sternohyoid and sternothyroid10. Carotid sheath: encloses the common and internal carotid arteries, theinternal jugular vein and the vagus nerve, it extends from the base of the skull to the root of the neck, and connects with the enveloping fascia and the prevertebral fascia by loose connective tissue11. Carotid triangle:bounded by the inferior belly of omohyoid, the upper partof the sternocleidomastoid and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, it contains internal jugular vein, the common carotid artery, hypoglossal nerve and vagus nerve12. Muscular triangle: bounded by the superior belly of omohyoid, the lowerpart of the sternocleidomastoid and the middle line of the anterior neck, it contains the infrahyoid muscles and the pretracheal fascia, the thyroid gland, the cervical parts of esophagus and trachea13. Scalene fissure: bounded by the scalene anterior, scalene medius andthe 1st rib, the brachial plexus and subclavian vessel pass through14. Triangle of vertebral artery: bounded by the longus colli muscles(颈长肌),scalenus anterior and the first part of the subclavian artery, it contains the vertebral artery and vein, the inferior thyroid artery, the cervical sympathetic trunk and the cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglion15. Sternal angle: the transverse ridge on the anterior surface of sternum atthe junction of the manubrium with the body of the sternum, it forms a palpable landmark for the second costal cartilage and rib16. Arterial duct triangle: encircled by the left pulmonary artery inferiorly, leftphrenic nerve anteriorly and left vagus nerve posteriorly, it contains left recurrent pharyngeal nerve, the arterial ligament and the superficia cardiac plexus17. Costodiaphragmatic recesses: the largest pleural recess formed by thereflection of the costal and the diaphragmatic pleurae, it is the lowest part of the pleural cavity18. Pulmonary ligament: the double layer mediastinum passes laterally fromthe esophagus to the lung, where it is continous with the visceral pleura 19. Clavipectoral fascia: a strong fibrous sheet posterior to the pectoralismajor, it occupies the interval between the pectoralis minor and the clavicle, and is pierced by the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve20. Triangular space: the upper edge is subscapularis and teres minor, thelower edge is teres major, the lateral boder is the long head of triceps brachii, it is pierced by the circumflex scapular vessels21. Quadrangular space: the upper edge is subscapularis and teres minor,the lower edge is teres major, the midial boder is the long head of triceps brachii, the lateral boder is the surgical necks of the humerus, it is transmitted by the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex vessel 22. Axillary sheath: it is continuous above with the prevertebral layer of thedeep cervical fascia and encloses the axillary vessels and the brachial plexus23. Carpal canal: it is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the groove of thecarpal bones, it transmits the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficia and the flexor digitorum profundus , flexor pollicis longus and the median nerve 24. Ulnar carpal canal: the ulnar end of the flexor retinaculum attached to thepisiform and the hook of the hamate and with the distal part of the palmar carpal ligament to form the ulnar carpal canal to transmit the ulnar nerve and vessel25. Radial carpal canal: the raidal end of the flexor retinaculum attached tothe tobercles of the scaphoid and trapezium to transmit the tendon and tendious sheath of the flexor carpi radialis26. Myotendinous cuff:the tendon of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus,subscapularis and teres minor muscles form the myotendious cuff, it is fused with the underlying capsule of the shoulder joint and strength it27. Humeromuscular tunnel: it is formed by three heads of triceps brachiiand the sulcus for radial nerve of humerus, it extends from the medial to the lateral side of the back of the middle part of the humerus, and transmitsthe radial nerve and the deep brachial vessels28. Anatomical suff box: a triangular depression located in the posteriorcarpal region, its medial border is the extensor pollicis longus, the lateral border is the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis, the proximal border is styloid process of radialis and the floor is scaphoid(手舟骨), and the radial artery pass through it.29. Fascia lata:the deep facia enveloping the thigh and the buttock, it is thinmedially and quite thick and strong laterally30. Lacuna musculorum: bounded by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, theilium posterolaterally and the iliopectineal arch medially, it transmit the iliopsoas, the femoral nerve and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve31. Lacuna vasorum:bounded by the inguinal ligament anteriorly, thepectineal ligament posteriorly, the iliopectineal arch laterally, a nd the lacunar ligament medially, it transmit the femoral vessels, the femoral canal and the lymphatic vessel32. Femoral sheath: funnel shaped fascia tube which encloses the femoralvessel and the femoral canal, it is formed by the prolongation of the fasciae lining the abdomen33. Femoral canal: it is the medial compartment of the femoral sheath, about1.5cm long and contains lymphatic vessels, a lymph node, loose areolartissue and fat34. Femoral ring:the superior opening of the famoral canal, it is closed byextraperitoneal tissue35. Femoral triangle:bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially bythe medial border of the adductor longus, laterally by the medial border of sartorius, it communicates with the adductor canal and transmit femoral artery and its branches, femoral vein and its tributaries36. Adductor canal:a deep furrow on the medial side of the middle of thethigh, starts at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends in the adductor tendinous opening of the adductor magnus, bounded anteriorly by the sartorius and the adductor lamina(收肌腱板), laterally by the vastus medialis and posteriorly by the adductor longus and the adductor magnus, it contains famoral artery, femoral vein the nerve to the vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve37. Popliteal fossa: a diamond shaped intermuscular space situated at theback of the knee, bounded by biceps femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus and the two head of the gastrocnemius, it contains the popliteal vessels, the small saphenous vein, the common peroneal and tibial nerves38. Malleolar canal: behind the medial malleolus formed by flexor retinaculumand calcaneus, the structures transmit it from anterior to posterior are tendon of tibialis posterior, the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial vessels and tibila nerve and the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus39. Camper’s fascia: the superficial layer of the superficial fascia onabdominal wall, it is thick and contains various amount of fat40. Scarpa’s fascia: the deep layer of the superficial fascia on abdominal wall,it lies immediately superficial to the aponeurosis of the oblique externus abdominis, it is more membranous, it continue with the superficial fascia of penis, scrotum dartos and the superficial perineal fasica41. Linea alba: a linear depression in the median plane extending fromxiphoid process to the pubic symphysis42. Arcuate line: 4cm below the umbilicus all three aponeurosis are turnedanterior to form the anterior layer of the sheath of rectus abdominis, the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis sheath disapear43. Rectus abdominis sheath: enclosed by aponeurosis of the oblique andtransverse muscles, the aponeurosis of the obique external abdominis and the anterior layer of the aponeurosis of the oblique internus abdominis form the anterior layer of the sheath, the aponeurosis of the aponeurosis of the transverse abdominis and the posterior layer of the aponeurosis of oblique internus obdominis form the posterior layer of the sheath44. Inguinal ligament: from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle,formed by the lower edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominis45. Reflect ligament:near the pubic tubercle, some fibers of the inguinalligament run upwards and medially behind the spermatic cord and the medial crus to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath46. Superficial inguinal ring:is a triangular opening in shape of theaponeurosis of the oblique externus abdominis, the medial crus of the ring attaches to the pubic tuber towards the medial end of the pubic crest, the lateral crus of the ring attaches to the pubic crest47. Inguinal falx: some lower fibers of the internal oblique abdominis andtransverse abdominis fuse together just immediately above the spermatic cord48. Hesselbach triangle: an area bounded laterally by the inferior epigastricartery, medially by the lateral border of the rectus abdominis and inferior by the medial half of the inguinal ligament, the posterior wall it is the site for direct inguinal hernia49. Hepatoduodenal ligament: the portion of the lesser omentum extendingbetween the liver and the superior part of duodenum50. Gastrocolic ligament:the greater omentum between the greatercurvature of the stomach and the transverse colon51. omental foramen: lies behind the free edge of the hepatoduodenalligament, it leads out from the upper part of the right border of the omental bursa into the greater sac52. Hepatorenal recess: located in right infrahepatic space, it communicateswith right colic sulcus and omenta bursa via the omenta foramen , it is the lowest part of the abdominal cavity when the person is in supine position 53. Stomach bed: the structure behind the posterior surface of the stomachincluding spleen, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, pancreas and transverse colon and mesocolon54. Ligament of Treitz: the suspensory muscle of duodenum enclosed by theperitoneum, it is the marker to identify the beginning of jejunum55. Porta hepatis: the cross bar of the H-shaped deep groove on the viseralsurface of the liver where the braches of the hepatic portal vein, the right and left braches of the proper hepatic artery, the right and left hepatic ducts, the hepatic nerve plexus and lymphatic vessels enter or leave the liver 56. Second Porta hepatis: the superior margin of the sulcus for vena cava onthe diaphragmatic surface of the live where the right, left and intermediate hepatic veins leave the liver and enter the inferior vena cava57. Third porta hepatis: in the inferior part of the sulcus for vena cava wherethe inferior vena cava receives several small veins from the viseral surfaceof the right half and tha caudate lobe of the liver58. Glisson system: the intrahepatic bile ducts, the branches of the hepaticarteries and the hepatic portal vein are distributed in the same course and bounded by connective tissue, which constitute a common tubular system 59. Calot triangle: formed by the cystic duct, common hepatic duct and theinferior surface of the liver, the cystic artery pass through this area, it is a marker to identify and ligate the cystic artery60. Vater ampulla: the intraduodenal part of the common bile duct passingobliquely through the duodenal wall and units the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla61. Oddis shpincter: the thickened circular muscle around the lower part ofthe common bile duct, including the ampulla and the terminal part of the pancreatic duce62. margin artery:from the ileocecum to the sigmoid colon, the colicbranches from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries anastomose to form a complete arterial arch63. Splenic pedicle: the structures which enter or leave the spleen includingthe splenic vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enclosed by connective tissue 64. Renal angle: on posterior abdominal wall, the angle fromed byintersection of 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinal muscle65. Renal pedicle: the structure enter or leave the renal hilum including therenal vessels, lymphatics, renal pelvis and nerves enclosed by connective tissue66. Lesser Pelvis: posteroinferior to the great pelvis, a C-shaped cavity with along curved posterosuperior wall formed by the sacrum and coccyx, and a short anteroinferior wall is formed by the rami of the pubes and the pubic symphysis, the lateral wall is formed by the ilium, body of the pubis, ischium, the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments67. Greater Sciatic Foramen:formed by the greater sciatic notch and thesacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, the pirifomis pass through it and divided it into the suprapiriform foramen and infrapiriform foramen, lot of vessels and nerves are tranmitted in this two foramen68. Pelvic Diaphragm:levator ani, coccygeus and fascia covering themuscles superiorly and inferiorly; It is the floor of pelvic cavity, and theregion below it is perineum69. Retropubic Space: lies between the symphysis pubis and the bladder, itfilled with fat and loose tissue, in which pubovesical ligament is present, and it also contains arteries, veins and nerves of the bladder and of the internal genital organs70. Trigone of Bladder:formed by internal urethral orifice and two lateralopenings of ureters at internal surface of the fundus of bladder, it is a smooth area without mucous membrane foldes71. Dentate Line: a circular line formed by the lower ends of anal columnstogether with the bases of the anal vavles between simple columnar epithelium and stratified epithelium of anal canal,the part superior to it differs from the part inferior to it in its arterial supply, innervation of nerves, and venous and lymphatic drainage72. Broad Ligament: a two layer peritoneal ligament situated in coronal planeand stretches from the lateral margin of the uterus to the side wall of pelvis, it can be divided into mesometrium, mesosalpinx and mesovarium, it contains connective tissue, uterine tube, ovary and ovarian ligament, part of round ligament, uterine vessels and lymphatics, and trerovaginal plexus of nerves73. Urogenital diaphragm:formed basically by the sphincter of urethra, thedeep transverse muscle of perineum, and the superior and inferior fasciae of urogenital diaphragm74. ischioanal fossa: is a wedge-shaped space lies lateral to the anus andrectum and is filled with fat, its apex lies superiorly, and the base is the perineal skin, the medial wall is formed by the levator ani, sphincter ani externus and the inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm, the lateral wall is formed by the iscial tuberosity, the sacrotuberous ligament and the fascia of obturator internus, posteriorly the fossa is bounded by the gulteus maximus and the sacrotuberous ligament。

局部解剖

局部解剖

四、腹股沟管
为男性精索或女性子宫圆韧带所通过的一 条肌和腱之间的裂隙,位于腹前外侧壁的下部 。由外上斜贯向内下方,在腹股沟韧带内侧半 的上方,长约4.5cm。管的内口称腹股沟管深( 腹)环 deep inguinal ring ,管的外口即腹股沟 管浅(皮下)环。管有四个壁,前壁是腹外斜肌 腱膜和腹内斜肌;后壁是腹横筋膜和腹股沟镰 ;上壁为腹内斜肌和腹横肌的弓状下缘;下壁 为腹股沟韧带。
下界: 耻骨联合上 缘、耻骨嵴 、耻骨结节 、腹股沟韧 带、髂嵴至 第5腰椎下 缘的连线。
分 区
四分法


九分法
腹部脏器 体表投影
腹前外侧壁
浅层结构
•皮肤(skin)
•浅筋膜
(superficial fascia) 约在脐平面以下: 浅层:Camper筋膜 深层:Scarpa筋膜
腹前外侧壁
腹膜外位器官
是指仅一面被腹膜覆盖,
其余面均不覆盖腹膜的器官, 如肾、肾上腺、输尿管、胰、
十二指肠降部和下部、直肠
中下部等。
三、腹膜形成的网膜、系膜和韧带
腹膜由腹盆壁内面移行于脏器表面 或由一个脏器移行至另一个脏器表面的 过程中,形成网膜、系膜和韧带。这些 结构不仅对器官起着连接和固定的作用 ,也是血管、神经出入脏器的途径。
(-)


由双层腹膜构成,薄而透明,
两层腹膜间夹有血管、神经、淋 巴管及结缔组织等。
1、小网膜lesser omentum
自肝门向下移行至胃小弯和十二指肠上部的双层 腹膜结构。 肝胃韧带 hepatogastric ligament 自其左侧部从肝门至胃小弯,含有胃左和胃右血 管、胃左和胃右淋巴结及至胃的神经等。 肝十二指肠韧带hepatoduodenal ligament 自小网膜的右侧部连接肝门与十二指肠上部,其 内有出入肝的重要管道系统,即右前方的胆总管、 左前方的肝固有动脉和两者后方的门静脉及淋巴 和神经组织。
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

局部解剖学名词解释(中英文)部门: xxx时间: xxx整理范文,仅供参考,可下载自行编辑名词解释1、肋间隙(intercostal space>: 位于相邻两肋之间,为胸壁的薄弱之处。

肋间隙的宽窄不一,上部肋间隙较宽,下部的较窄;前部较宽,后部较窄,并随体位不同而有差异。

肋间隙由肋间内肌和肋间外肌封闭,两层肌之间有肋间后血管和肋间神经。

胸膜腔穿刺时,常在腋后线至肩胛线之间的第8或第9肋间隙进针。

2、乳房悬韧带(suspensory lig. Of breast>:乳腺周围的纤维组织发出许多小的纤维束,分别向深面连于胸筋膜,向浅面连于皮肤和乳头,对乳房起支持和固定作用。

这些纤维束称乳房悬韧带或Cooper韧带。

患乳腺癌时,由于韧带两端固定,无伸展性,常使皮肤形成凹陷。

b5E2RGbCAP3、腋鞘(axillary sheath>:亦称颈腋管,由颈部的椎前筋膜延伸而成,包裹腋动、静脉和臂丛。

p1EanqFDPw4、胸腰筋膜(thoracolumbar fascia>: 胸腰筋膜包裹在竖脊肌和腰方肌的周围,在腰部筋膜明显增厚,分为浅层、中层和深层。

浅层位于竖脊肌的浅面,向内附于棘突的棘上韧带,向外附于肋角,向下附于髂嵴。

中层分隔竖脊肌和腰方肌。

中层和浅层在外侧会合,构成竖脊肌鞘。

深层覆盖在腰方肌的前面。

三层筋膜在腰方肌外侧缘会合,作为腹内斜肌和腹横肌的起始部。

由于腰部活动度大,在剧烈运动中,胸腰筋膜常可扭伤,是造成腰背部劳损病因之一。

DXDiTa9E3d5、肾区(renal region>: 在腰背部,肾门的体表投影点位于竖脊肌外侧缘和第12肋的夹角处,称肾区。

肾炎和肾盂肾炎时肾区可有叩击痛。

RTCrpUDGiT6、三边孔(trilateral foramen>:肱三头肌长头穿过大圆肌和肩胛下肌、小圆肌之间,其内侧即为三边孔,有旋肩胛血管通过5PCzVD7HxA7、四边孔(quadrilateral foramen>: 肱三头肌长头与肱骨外科颈之间即为四边孔,有腋神经及旋肱后血管通过。

jLBHrnAILg8、腹白线(linea alba>:位于腹前壁正中线,介于左右腹直肌鞘之间,由两侧的腹直肌鞘纤维彼此交织而成,上方起自剑突,下方止于耻骨联合。

白线坚韧少血管,脐以上部分较宽,以下则较窄。

在白线的中部有圆形的疏松的疤痕组织即脐环,有脐血管通过,此处为腹壁的一个薄弱点,可发生脐疝。

xHAQX74J0X9、联合腱(conjoined tendon>: 又称腹股沟镰(inguinal falx>, 腹内斜肌和腹横肌的下部肌束呈弓状,跨过精索上方,行向内侧,延为腱膜,形成腹股沟镰或称联合腱,止于耻骨梳的内侧端。

其中有部分人的腹股沟镰仅是由两肌的一些肌束融合而成,未成为腱性结构。

LDAYtRyKfE10、腹股沟三角(inguinal triangle>: 又称海氏三角,位于腹前壁下部。

由腹壁下动脉、腹直肌外缘和腹股沟韧带内侧半围成的三角区。

此三角浅层为腹外斜肌腱膜,深层为腹横筋膜和腹股沟镰,缺乏肌层,是腹前壁薄弱区之一。

该三角区位于腹壁下动脉的内侧,只有腹股沟管的后壁和前壁,若腹腔某结构从此处突出,经腹股沟管后壁,而不经过腹股沟管全长,直接向前突至浅环,这种疝称为腹股沟直疝。

腹壁下动脉常作为区别腹股沟斜疝和直疝的标志之一。

Zzz6ZB2Ltk11、头皮(scalp>: 临床上将皮肤、浅筋膜和帽状腱膜这3层结构成为头皮。

12、帽状腱膜(galea aponeurotica>: 通过浅筋膜的纤维束与皮肤紧密相连,前连额枕肌的额腹,后连该肌的枕腹,两侧渐变薄,与颞筋膜浅层相移行。

颅顶外伤若伤及帽状腱膜,因受额腹和枕腹的牵拉而伤口裂开,尤以横行创伤为甚,可导致大面积的头皮撕裂。

dvzfvkwMI113、口底间隙(space of mouth floor>: 亦称舌下间隙,围绕舌根呈“”形。

间隙的外方和前方为下颌体,下方为口底膈<下颌舌骨肌和颏舌骨肌),上方为口底粘膜,内方为舌骨舌肌和舌根,间隙前端在舌下阜深面彼此相通。

间隙后部有舌动脉和舌下神经,前部有舌下腺和下颌下腺管。

口底间隙经下颌舌骨肌后缘通下颌下间隙、翼颌间隙和翼咽间隙。

rqyn14ZNXI14、颞间隙(temporal space>: 介于颞筋膜与颞窝骨膜之间的间隙,分为浅、深两部。

浅部位于颧弓上方,颞筋膜浅、深两层之间,含脂肪组织和颞中血管。

深部位于颞筋膜深层与颞窝骨膜之间,内容颞肌及其深面的血管神经、结缔组织,与颌面部的颊间隙、颞下间隙和翼颌间隙相通。

EmxvxOtOco15、胸骨上间隙(suprasternal space>: 位于颈前中部、胸骨柄上方。

颈深筋膜浅层在该处分为两层,该两层筋膜与胸骨柄之间即围成胸骨上间隙,间隙内有颈静脉弓和少量脂肪。

SixE2yXPq516、斜角肌间隙(interscalene space>: 前、中斜角肌与第1肋之间的空隙为斜角肌间隙。

在间隙内,臂丛居上3/4, 锁骨下动脉居下1/4。

6ewMyirQFL17、颈动脉鞘(carotid sheath>: 又称颈血管鞘或颈鞘,为颈部筋膜在大血管周围增厚而成,内含颈总动脉或颈内动脉、颈内静脉、迷走神经。

颈动脉鞘借疏松结缔组织与前方的颈深筋膜浅层和气管前层、后方的椎前层相连,鞘内有纵行的纤维分隔动脉和静脉。

在鞘内,颈内静脉居外侧,颈总动脉和颈内动脉居内侧,静脉和动脉之间的后方为迷走神经。

鞘与颈内静脉管壁附着紧密,因而颈内静脉损伤后管壁不易塌陷,可导致空气栓塞。

kavU42VRUs18、气管前间隙(pretracheal space>: 介于气管前筋膜与气管之间,内有甲状腺峡,脂肪结缔组织和甲状腺下静脉,下半部偶可出现甲状腺最下动脉、胸腺上端、左头臂静脉、头臂干等。

气管切开时要注意误伤及上述结构。

气管前间隙向下通上纵隔。

y6v3ALoS8919、椎前间隙(prevertebral space>: 位于椎前筋膜与颈部脊柱之间。

颈椎结核脓肿时,脓液多积于此间隙,并可向下蔓延至纵隔,向两侧至颈侧部,或穿破椎前层至咽后间隙。

M2ub6vSTnP20、椎动脉三角(vertebral artery triangle>: 位于外侧的前斜角肌、内侧的颈长肌和下方的锁骨下动脉之间。

三角浅层有甲状颈干、迷走神经和交感干、颈胸神经节等,深层有椎动、静脉,椎静脉多在椎动脉的前外侧。

0YujCfmUCw21、颈袢(ansa cervicalis>: 颈袢由上根和下根在环状软骨平面合成。

第1颈神经前支先与舌下神经联合,再于二腹肌后腹下方离开舌神经下行,即为颈袢上根。

颈袢下根源自第2、3颈神经前支,它们离开颈丛后于颈内静脉浅面联合下行,在颈动脉鞘的前外侧面与上根汇合成颈袢。

颈袢发出分支支配舌骨下肌群的大部分。

甲状腺手术时,在环状软骨平面以下切断舌骨下肌群,可避免损伤神经。

临床上还取舌骨下肌群肌皮瓣再造舌,取瓣时亦应注意保护颈袢至肌的分支。

eUts8ZQVRd22、掌腱膜(palmar aponeurosis>: 位于手掌侧筋膜中部,呈三角形;向上与屈肌支持带愈着,与掌长肌腱相续;下端分出4个尖,附着于指腱鞘,四尖之间有到手指两侧的血管、神经通过。

sQsAEJkW5T23、腕管(carpal canal>: 由屈肌支持带<腕横韧带)和腕骨沟围成。

腕管内有9条屈肌腱<1条拇长屈肌腱及包绕在其表面的桡侧囊,4条指浅屈肌腱、4条指深屈肌腱及包绕在它们表面的尺侧囊)和1条正中神经通过。

GMsIasNXkA24、肘窝(cubital fossa>: 位于肘关节前面,呈三角形。

其上界为肱骨内、外上髁的连线,外侧界为肱桡肌内侧缘,内侧界为旋前圆肌的外上缘。

肘窝向上内方与肱二头肌内侧沟相通,上外方与桡神经管的延续部相通,向下与前臂的肌间隙相通。

肘窝的内容自内侧向外侧为正中神经、肱动脉及其两分支——桡、尺动脉以及与其伴行的静脉、肱二头肌腱、桡神经浅支与深支。

肱动脉在肘窝内的位置表浅,是测量动脉血压时听诊的部位。

TIrRGchYzg25、掌中间隙(midpalmar space>:位于掌心部的尺侧半,前界为第3~5指的屈肌腱和第2~4蚓状肌;后界为骨间掌侧肌及其筋膜;外侧界即鱼际间隙的内侧界;内侧界为小鱼际肌群。

间隙的近端变窄,居屈肌总腱鞘深面,经腕管与前臂屈肌后间隙相通;远侧经第2、3、4蚓状肌管,达第2~4指蹼间隙,并与第3、第4、第5指背相通。

受感染后,腔内的脓液可向所通连的间隙蔓延。

7EqZcWLZNX26、掌浅弓(superficial palmar arch>: 在掌腱膜的深面,由尺动脉的末端和桡动脉的掌浅支吻合,在掌腱膜的深面还有掌浅弓的分支<指掌侧总动脉)、尺神经的浅支和正中神经的分支<指掌侧总神经)。

lzq7IGf02E27、掌深弓(deep palmar arch>: 位于屈指肌腱的深面,由桡动脉的末端和尺动脉的掌深支组成。

由弓发出3条掌心动脉,位于屈指肌腱深面的还有尺神经的深支。

zvpgeqJ1hk28、髂胫束(iliotibial tract>: 阔筋膜的外侧部分,因有阔筋膜张肌的腱纤维编入而特别加厚,称扁带状,称髂胫束。

NrpoJac3v129、隐静脉裂孔(saphenous hiatus>: 在耻骨结节的外下方约3cm处,阔筋膜形成一卵圆形的薄弱区,称隐静脉裂孔。

其表面覆盖有一层有孔的疏松结缔组织膜,称筛筋膜或外筛板。

隐静脉裂孔的外侧缘锐利呈镰状,称镰状缘。

1nowfTG4KI30、股环(femoral ring>: 股管的上口称股环,呈卵圆形,由腹股沟韧带、腔隙韧带、耻骨梳韧带和股静脉内侧的纤维隔所围成。

当腹压增高,腹内脏器可被推向股凹,经股环至股管,于隐静脉裂孔处突出,形成股疝。

由于股环的前、内、后三面均为韧带,延展性差,因此股疝易发生绞窄。

来自腹壁下动脉的闭孔支或异常的闭孔动脉行经腔隙韧带附近,故行股疝修补手术时,应注意避免损伤此动脉。

fjnFLDa5Zo31、踝管(malleolar canal>: 由屈肌支持带、内踝与跟骨共同构成。

韧带向深部发出纤维隔,构成4个骨纤维管。

管内由前向后依次为:胫骨后肌腱、趾长屈肌腱、胫后动脉、胫后静脉、胫神经和踇长屈肌腱。

踝管内有疏松结缔组织,是小腿后区通向足底的重要路径。

小腿或足底感染时,可经踝管相互蔓延。

踝后区的外伤、出血或肿胀均会压迫踝管的内容物,引起踝管综合征。

tfnNhnE6e532、阔筋膜(fascia lata>: 大腿深筋膜成为阔筋膜,为一层坚韧的纤维膜包绕大腿全部肌,并向肌群之间突入形成三个肌间隔。

相关文档
最新文档