美国政党政治课件

1. The creation of parties, 1789-1812. 2. The era of one-party rule, or personal
politics, 1816-1824. 3. The period from Andrew Jackson’s presidency to just prior to the Civil War, 1828-1860. 4. The post-Civil War period, 1864-1892.. 5. The Modern period, 1932-present.
The Third American Party System: Republicans v. Democrats
ϒ In 1854 many Americans were looking for a
political home. Disgruntled "Anti-Nebraska" Democrats combined with old Whigs, especially anti-slavery or "Conscience" Whigs, Know-Nothings, Free-Soilers, and others to form the Republican Party, which soon developed strong opposition to any further extension of slavery.
--Thomas Jefferson.
ϒ In 1800, the Federalists lost the presidential
election, and gradually faded away.
The Era of Personal Politics (2)
ϒ (1816-1828) During this period, Democratic-
1828—1860 (3)
ϒ In 1828, Andrew Jackson (King Andrew I) was
ϒ ϒ ϒ ϒ
elected, and named his party as the Democratic party. The Whig party. (William Harrison, and Zachary Tayler). The issue of slavery splintered both the Whigs and the Democrats. The North founded a new party, “Republican”. (Abraham Lincoln). The “Grand Old Party”—1861-1933
Republicans
ϒ Members are farmers, frontier settlers, small ϒ ϒ ϒ ϒ
ϒ
shopkeepers, and workers. Thomas Jefferson is the founder of this party. This party believes that people and states should retain as many rights as possible. This party has strong support in the South and the West. This party believes in strict construction of the Constitution to limit the powers of the federal government Today's Democratic Party is a descendent of this party.
The Formative Year: Federalists and Anti-Federalists (1)
ϒ The
Federalists pushed for the adoption of the Constitution, whereas the Anti-Federalists
--George Washington
Republican party went unchallenged in politics for the next 12 years. ϒ James Monroe (1816-1824), the era of good feeling. ϒ During the election of 1824, the DemocraticRepublican party openly split. ϒ Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams—the National Republican, the Whig Party.
were against ratification. ϒ The “baneful effects of the spirit of party” “If I could not go to heaven but with a party, I would not to there at all.”
ϒ Interest Group
Political Parties in the United States
1. Recruiting candidates for public office. 2. Organizing and running elections. 3. Presenting Alternative policies to the
The Modern Era: From the New Deal to the Present (4)
ϒ FDR (fireside chats)—1936, 1940, and 1944. ϒ Dwight Eisenhower, 1952, 1956 ϒ Richard Nixon, 1968, 1972 ϒ George Bush, 1988 ϒ Bill Clinton, 1994
The Three Faces of A Party
ϒ Party-in-the Electorate ϒ Party Organization ϒ Party-in-government
The Second American Party System: Whig v. Democrat
ϒ Historians have labeled the system of two party
competition between the Democratic and Whig parties the "Second American Party System." This system was in place from the winter of 1834, when the Whig party formed in opposition to President Andrew Jackson's supposed executive tyranny, until 1856, when the Whig party was permanently displaced by the Republicans as Democrats' primary opponent. ϒ Although each party was stronger in some states than in others, nationally they were closely balanced. ϒ Starting in the mid-1840s, however, each of these parties began to split along sectional lines over slavery extension, and that sectional rupture would ultimately help cause the system's demise in the mid -1850s.
electorate. 4. Accepting responsibility for operating the government. 5. Acting as the organized opposition to the party in power.
A Short History of Political Parties in the U.S.
What Is a Political Party
ϒ Political Party
A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and to determine public policy.
Federalists
ϒ Members are well-to-do merchants, bankers, and ϒ ϒ ϒ ϒ
ϒ
manufacturers Alexander Hamilton is the founder of this party. This party is fearful of placing too much power in the hands of the people. This party has strong support in New England. This party favors a strong national government and believes in a loose construction of the Constitution to broaden the powers of the federal government. This party believes that the future of the United States depends upon the development of a balanced and diversified economy.