牛津译林版八年级英语全册语法知识点总结

8A语法

Unit 1 Friends

形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则

1.规则变化:

(1)一般形容词+er +est (shorter, smaller, smallest )

(2)以e 结尾的形容词+r +st (nicer, larger, largest)

(3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的形容词变y 为i 再+er, est (busier, busiest; heavier, heaviest)

(4)以重读闭音节结尾的形容词双写辅音字母+er, est 熟记：大（big)热（hot）天,一个穿红

（red）衣浑身湿（wet）透的伤感（sad）胖（fat）子想要变得又瘦（thin）又苗条（slim）

2.不规则变化

(1)good(well)-better-best

(2) many(much)-more-most

(3)ill(bad, badly)-worse-worst

(4) far-farther (further)-farthest (furthest)

(5) little-less-least

(6) few-fewer-fewest

3.多音节的形容词比较级和最高级在词前加more , most

delicious-more delicious-the most delicious popular-more popular-the most popular

注意: 1 形容词的最高级前必须有the, 而副词的最高级前the 可省略

2.比较级前常用a bit, a little, much, a lot, even, far 等词表示程度.

3.形容词比较级用来比较两者(人或事)句中常有than; 形容词最高级用来比较三者或三者以上(人或事), 句中常有in 或of 短语表示比较范围.

4. as+adj.+as (和------一样------) / not as/so +adj.+ as (不如------，不及------)

Unit 2 School life

一、比较事物的数量

1.many (修饰可数名词）／much (修饰不可数名词）----more ----most

more + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ than ……比……数量多

e.g. I have more friends than you.

2.few (修饰可数名词) ----fewer----fewest

little (修饰不可数名词）----less----least

fewer +可数名词复数+ than ……比……数量少

e.g. There are fewer boys than girls in our class.

less + 不可数名词+than ……比……数量少

e.g. I spend less money on food than my sister.

3.the fewest +可数名词复数在……中最少He has the fewest books.

4.the least +不可数名词在……中最少She has the least money of us.

5.the most + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词最多Daniel has the most money.

二、副词的比较级和最高级（构成方法及用法与形容词基本相同）

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，

hard-harder-hardest fast-faster-fastest loud-louder-loudest

2、部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高

级，例如:

slowly-more slowly-most slowly clearly-more clearly-most clearly

carefully-more carefully-most carefully

3、副词比较级和最高级的不规则变化

well-better-best badly-worse-worst

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest

Unit 3 A day out

一、as…as的用法

表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词/副词原级。

(1)肯定句中的结构：“A…+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B”，和某人或某物一样...的

如：English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。

Dan studies as hard as his brother. Dan和他的哥哥学习一样刻苦。

(2)否定句中的结构：“A…+not as /so+形容词/副词原级+as+B”，表示”A不如B…”

如：This book isn't as/so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。

Jim doesn't dance as/so well as Daniel. 吉姆没有丹尼尔跳舞跳得好。

(3) not as/so ...as 是同级比较，可以和比较级互相转换

例如：Nanjing is not as/so big as Shanghai.

= Nanjing is smaller than Shanghai.

= Shanghai is bigger than Nanjing.

Diving isn’t as interesting as swimming.

= Diving is less interesting than swimming.

= Swimming is more interesting than diving.

(4)只有同类的事物才能比较

His house is as big as me.(×)

His house is as big as mine.(√)

(5)表示“A是B的……倍”时，用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。

（一倍：once;二倍：twice; 三倍以上：数字+times）

如：Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。

The table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。

二、反身代词的用法

1.单数复数

myself ourselves

yourself yourselves

himself themselves

herself

itself

2.常和反身代词连用的动词短语。

enjoy oneself 过得开心，玩得愉快look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己hurt oneself 伤到某人自己help oneself to …请随便吃…

wash oneself 洗澡make …by oneself 自己做, 独立完成

dress oneself穿衣buy …for oneself / buy oneself sth给自己买东西look at oneself in the mirror照镜子say to oneself 自言自语