初中英语形容词和副词讲义

讲义3 ：形容词
一、形容词的定义：
表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.
二、形容词的位置
1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面，做定语。

它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。

例如:a red flower一朵红花 this interesting story这个有趣的故事
six blind men 六个盲人 my own house我自己的房子形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。

例如：I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
三、形容词和副词的等级变化
大多数形容词和副词有三个级：原级（即原形）、比较级和最高级。

1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级，加est变最高级。

strong —stronger -strongest small--smaller--smallest hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest
2 如果以e结尾，只加r 或st。

nice--nicer--nicest fine--finer--finest
3 以重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。

sad--sadder-- saddest big--bigger--biggest hot--hotter --hottest
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加er或est。

angry--angrier-angriest early→earlier →earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest
5、但是，开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
slowly—more slowly—most slowly
［注］：early中的ly不是后缀，故把y变i再加er和est
6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级，加most变最高级
different -more different -most different
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
expensive--more expensive--the most expensive
但是，以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappier→u nhappiest,
形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化
四．形容词副词的用法
1."the+形容词",表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things.
2 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就
越..."。

The more you study, the more you know.
3、 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。

It's getting hotter and hotter.
4 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。

表示两者对比相同。

This box is as big as mine.
Science is as important as Chinese. 科学和语文一样重要。

其否定式，句型为“...not so(as) ＋形容词或副词的原形＋as...” 应译为“前者不如后者”
eg.This classroom is not as/so big as that one.这间教室没有那间教室大。

5、比较级：两个或两部分人或事物进行比较用比较级。

比较级由“A..形容词(副词)的比较级＋than B”构成, 表示“A 比B更加…”。

eg: He is more athletic than his twin brother.他比他的双胞胎弟弟更爱运动。

That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.那一定比坐公汽有趣的多。

Mary sings better than her sister.玛莉比她妹妹唱得好些。

重点：a little, a bit, a lot, much，even,far等词后的形容词或副词用比较级。

too,so, quite,how后只能用原形。

6、形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。

Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
五、课堂练习
一. 单项填空
1．--- It’s so cold today.
--- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
A. more cold
B. more colder
C. much colder
D. cold
2．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
A. more
B. a
little C.
many D. few
3．She isn’t so at maths as you are.
A. well
B. good
C. better
D. best
4．Peter writes of the three.
A. better
B.
best C.
good D. well
5．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger
B. much stronger
C.
stron D. the strongest
6．The box is heavy for the
girl carry.
A. too; to
B. to; too
C. so; that
D. no; to
7．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
A. long
B. high
C. thick
D. wide
8．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so
B.
much C.
very D. too
9、 ---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
---Of course the moon is.
A. small
B. smaller
C. smallest
D. the smallest
二. 选择填空。

1. The new library has ______________ (many, more) books than the old one.
2. Sally is ______________ (tall, taller) than her cousin.
3. Our school is much ______________ (large, larger) than yours.
4. Look, Janet is jumping ______________ (high, higher) than Mike.
5．Mr Hare runs much ______________ (fast, faster) than
Mr Turtle. Mr Hare needn’t run______________ (fast, faster) now.
6. In the gym, Tommy is playing table tennis ______________ (well, better) than Jimmy.
7. This book is very ______________ (interesting, more interesting) , but that one is
______________ (interesting, more interesting) than it.
三. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. My school is ______________, but Tom’s school is
______________ than mine. And Sally’s school is the
______________. (small)
2. Rabbits can run ______________, but tigers can run
______________ than rabbits, and cheetahs can run
______________ of the three. (fast)
3.Pig is ______________, but deer is ______________ than pig, and elephant is the
______________ (heavy)。