词类转译法11992
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Let me have a try. 我来试一下。
He made no mention of his resignation.
他没有提到辞职的事。
b)介词→转译成动词 英语中含有动作意味的介词汉
译时可以译成动词。
例如:
The Red Army men struggled ahead, across the snow mountains and through the marshes. 红军战士爬雪山,过草地,艰难地 前进着。
A view of the village can be obtained from the tower.
从塔上可以看见这个村庄。
The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
林则徐禁烟最为成功。
4) Being a successful organizer of this football
match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
4) 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词:
例如:
Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下,好吗?
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
一定要少说空话,多做工作。
Cf. We must talk less and work more.
The thought of fat meat makes
me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。
再如:
谓语
例如:
我们讨论了这个问题。 讨论开始了。 首先确定讨论的问题。 我喜欢讨论。
She got a fright. The noise frightened me. It was a frightful storm. It was frightfully dangerous.
词 类 转 译 法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech): 就 是指在翻译过程中,根据译 文语言的习惯进行词类转换, 即把原文中属于某种词类的 词在译文中转换另一种词类, 从而使译文通顺自然。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
Cf. Language is something
difficult to learn well, to learn it well one has to study very hard.
1. --- When does a man feel girlish? ---When he makes his maiden speech? 2. ---When did the blind man suddenly see? ---When he took up a hammer and saw.
Is he up yet? 他起床了没有?
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时,忘了穿鞋子。 Please open the window to let fresh air in. 请打开窗子,让新鲜空气进来。
Who invited you out for the evening yesterday?
The government called for the
establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
试译:
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
我同学中一些人唱歌唱得好。
Cf. She is a well-known singer.
她是一位著名的歌唱家。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I suppose my younger brother is a better teacher than I am. 恐怕我不能 教你游泳,我想我弟弟会比我教得好。
来自百度文库
试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and
minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful
opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗?
c)形容词→转译成动词
再如:
I shall be very glad if you and other American friends are able to visit our country in the future. 我十分希望阁下和其他美国朋友将来 能访问我国。
独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
你拨错了电话号码。
You dialed the wrong number.
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语
英语
名 主语;宾语;定语; 主语;宾语;
词 状语;谓语
表语;定语
形 容 词
定语;表语;主语; 宾语; 状语;谓语
定语;表语; 宾补
动 词
谓语;主语;宾语; 定语;表语
昨晚谁邀你出去的?
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词转译成名词;
2) 英语被动句式,可译成“受 到/遭到---+名词”或“予以 /加以---+名词”结构;
3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由 名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不 易找到合适的动词,这时可以转译 成名词。
这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐 磨性强。
To them, he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
→转译成名词
1)英语中由名词转用的动词,在汉 语中往往不易找到合适的动词,这 时可以转译成名词。
We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the president at such short notice. 我们特别感谢贵方能在这么短的时间 里安排我们同校长会见。
d) 副词→转译成动词
例如:
地球的形状像个大球。
英译汉过程中词类转换
▪ 翻译中的词类如何转译,要根 据原文词义、译入语的表达习 惯等而定, 通常有4 种情况:
▪1) 转译成动词 ▪2) 转译成名词 ▪3) 转译成形容词 ▪4) 其他词类转译
→ 转译成动词
英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词 用得多,而名词用得少,汉语可以 几个动词或动词性结构连用,而英 语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词。
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(2)
词类转译法 (Conversion)
试译以下句子:
One can never be too careful in the choice of one’s friends.
选择朋友,愈谨慎愈好。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
Is your father a smoker? 你父亲抽烟吗?
She is a real beauty. 她非常漂亮。
We are enemies of all wars. 我们反对一切战争。
He is the murderer of his boss.
他谋杀了他的老板。
The earth is shaped like a big ball.
sauce. 她到商店去买酱油。
c)形容词→转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状 态的形容词(如:afraid , thankful, certain, able, concerned, doubtful , grateful等), 在系动词后做表语时,常转译成动词。
例如:
They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。
名词→ 转译成动词
再如:
Xu Beihong’s paintings/drawings of horses are exceptionally good.
原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。
改为:徐悲鸿画马,画得特别好。
试译:
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
如 : He admires the President
stated decision to fight for the
job.
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心 奋斗 表示钦佩。
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
例:Formality has always
characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系,有一个特点, 那就是以礼相待。
→转译成名词
再如:
Such materials are characterized
by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden.
汤姆看了看园子,跟它告别。
3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指其 身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意 味, 通常转译成动词。
例: Some of my classmates are good singers.
动词派生的名词转译成动词:
如 :The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
原顺序:语言的精通不是很 容易的,需要刻苦努力。
改为:语言这东西不是随便 可以学好的,非下苦功不可。
名词→ 转译成动词
语言这东西不是随便可以学 好的,非下苦功不可。
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有 动作意义的名词常可转译成动词:
1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指
其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动
作意味,通常转译成动词。 4)作为习语主体的名词常转译成动词。
名词→ 转译成动词
football match, he still appears modest.
试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader.
我不能读懂别人的心思。
2)Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers.
父母永远会无微不至地爱着我们。
3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner.
政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
2) 英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。
例如:
In building after building, talk of
that murder is in the air. 原顺序:对凶杀案的谈论是在流
传之中。
改为:人们到处谈论着…
名词→ 转译成动词
再如:
The people are with him. 人民拥护他。
b)介词→转译成动词
再如: He came to my home for help. 他来到我家,请求帮助。 What are you after? 你追求什么? I found him at his books in the library. 我发现他在图书馆里看书。 She went to the shop for a bottle of
He made no mention of his resignation.
他没有提到辞职的事。
b)介词→转译成动词 英语中含有动作意味的介词汉
译时可以译成动词。
例如:
The Red Army men struggled ahead, across the snow mountains and through the marshes. 红军战士爬雪山,过草地,艰难地 前进着。
A view of the village can be obtained from the tower.
从塔上可以看见这个村庄。
The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.
林则徐禁烟最为成功。
4) Being a successful organizer of this football
match, he still appears modest.
虽然成功举办了…
4) 作为习语主体的名词 常转译成动词:
例如:
Shall we have a rest? 我们休息一下,好吗?
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
一定要少说空话,多做工作。
Cf. We must talk less and work more.
The thought of fat meat makes
me sick. 一想到肥肉我就恶心。
再如:
谓语
例如:
我们讨论了这个问题。 讨论开始了。 首先确定讨论的问题。 我喜欢讨论。
She got a fright. The noise frightened me. It was a frightful storm. It was frightfully dangerous.
词 类 转 译 法 (Conversion of Parts of Speech): 就 是指在翻译过程中,根据译 文语言的习惯进行词类转换, 即把原文中属于某种词类的 词在译文中转换另一种词类, 从而使译文通顺自然。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
Cf. Language is something
difficult to learn well, to learn it well one has to study very hard.
1. --- When does a man feel girlish? ---When he makes his maiden speech? 2. ---When did the blind man suddenly see? ---When he took up a hammer and saw.
Is he up yet? 他起床了没有?
As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on.
他跑出去时,忘了穿鞋子。 Please open the window to let fresh air in. 请打开窗子,让新鲜空气进来。
Who invited you out for the evening yesterday?
The government called for the
establishment of more technical schools.
名词→ 转译成动词
试译:
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
我同学中一些人唱歌唱得好。
Cf. She is a well-known singer.
她是一位著名的歌唱家。
I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I suppose my younger brother is a better teacher than I am. 恐怕我不能 教你游泳,我想我弟弟会比我教得好。
来自百度文库
试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader. 2)Parents are always our perfect and
minute lovers. 3)Lin Zexu was the most successful
opium banner. 4) Being a successful organizer of this
Is he able to do it? 他能够做那件事吗?
c)形容词→转译成动词
再如:
I shall be very glad if you and other American friends are able to visit our country in the future. 我十分希望阁下和其他美国朋友将来 能访问我国。
独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
你拨错了电话号码。
You dialed the wrong number.
汉英词类句法功能对照表
汉语
英语
名 主语;宾语;定语; 主语;宾语;
词 状语;谓语
表语;定语
形 容 词
定语;表语;主语; 宾语; 状语;谓语
定语;表语; 宾补
动 词
谓语;主语;宾语; 定语;表语
昨晚谁邀你出去的?
→转译成名词
1)名词派生的动词或由名词转 用的动词转译成名词;
2) 英语被动句式,可译成“受 到/遭到---+名词”或“予以 /加以---+名词”结构;
3) 形容词转译成名词。
→转译成名词
1)英语中很多名词派生的动词或由 名词转用的动词,在汉语中往往不 易找到合适的动词,这时可以转译 成名词。
这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐 磨性强。
To them, he personified the absolute power.
在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。
→转译成名词
1)英语中由名词转用的动词,在汉 语中往往不易找到合适的动词,这 时可以转译成名词。
We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the president at such short notice. 我们特别感谢贵方能在这么短的时间 里安排我们同校长会见。
d) 副词→转译成动词
例如:
地球的形状像个大球。
英译汉过程中词类转换
▪ 翻译中的词类如何转译,要根 据原文词义、译入语的表达习 惯等而定, 通常有4 种情况:
▪1) 转译成动词 ▪2) 转译成名词 ▪3) 转译成形容词 ▪4) 其他词类转译
→ 转译成动词
英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词 用得多,而名词用得少,汉语可以 几个动词或动词性结构连用,而英 语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词。
翻译理论与实践
英译汉常用的方法和技巧:(2)
词类转译法 (Conversion)
试译以下句子:
One can never be too careful in the choice of one’s friends.
选择朋友,愈谨慎愈好。
Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
Is your father a smoker? 你父亲抽烟吗?
She is a real beauty. 她非常漂亮。
We are enemies of all wars. 我们反对一切战争。
He is the murderer of his boss.
他谋杀了他的老板。
The earth is shaped like a big ball.
sauce. 她到商店去买酱油。
c)形容词→转译成动词
英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状 态的形容词(如:afraid , thankful, certain, able, concerned, doubtful , grateful等), 在系动词后做表语时,常转译成动词。
例如:
They are not sure they can save his life. 他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。
名词→ 转译成动词
再如:
Xu Beihong’s paintings/drawings of horses are exceptionally good.
原顺序:徐悲鸿的马的画像特别好。
改为:徐悲鸿画马,画得特别好。
试译:
Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes.
如 : He admires the President
stated decision to fight for the
job.
他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心 奋斗 表示钦佩。
英译汉过程中词类转换
1) 转译成动词: a)名词转译成动词; b)介词转译成动词; c)形容词转译成动词; d) 副词转译成动词.
例:Formality has always
characterized their relationship.
他们之间的关系,有一个特点, 那就是以礼相待。
→转译成名词
再如:
Such materials are characterized
by good insulation and high resistance to wear.
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
…Tom looked his good-bye at the garden.
汤姆看了看园子,跟它告别。
3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指其 身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意 味, 通常转译成动词。
例: Some of my classmates are good singers.
动词派生的名词转译成动词:
如 :The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
原顺序:语言的精通不是很 容易的,需要刻苦努力。
改为:语言这东西不是随便 可以学好的,非下苦功不可。
名词→ 转译成动词
语言这东西不是随便可以学 好的,非下苦功不可。
a) 名词→ 转译成动词
英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有 动作意义的名词常可转译成动词:
1) 动词派生的名词转译成动词。 2) 含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。 3) 英语中有些加后缀的名词,不是指
其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动
作意味,通常转译成动词。 4)作为习语主体的名词常转译成动词。
名词→ 转译成动词
football match, he still appears modest.
试译:
1)I’m not a mind reader.
我不能读懂别人的心思。
2)Parents are always our perfect and minute lovers.
父母永远会无微不至地爱着我们。
3)Lin Zexu was the most successful opium banner.
政府号召建立更多的技术学校。
名词→ 转译成动词
2) 英含有动作意思的名词转译成动词。
例如:
In building after building, talk of
that murder is in the air. 原顺序:对凶杀案的谈论是在流
传之中。
改为:人们到处谈论着…
名词→ 转译成动词
再如:
The people are with him. 人民拥护他。
b)介词→转译成动词
再如: He came to my home for help. 他来到我家,请求帮助。 What are you after? 你追求什么? I found him at his books in the library. 我发现他在图书馆里看书。 She went to the shop for a bottle of