物理专业英语讲解
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例一
One way to picture the earth and the moon is to think of them as a pair of dancing partners spinning wildly around a dance floor with the sun in the center. Since the earth is 81 times as heavy as the moon,it is the anchorman in the dance. (taken from We Reach the Moon) 一个描述地球和月球的方法,是将它们想象 成一对舞伴,在一个以太阳为中心的跳舞场 周围热烈地旋转。地球比月球重八十一倍, 所以它是跳舞中的男舞伴。(摘自《我们到 了月球》)
5、利用前后缀合成新词多,前后缀共有500 多,必须掌握50 个最基本的前后缀,如Sub-, 有下面(sub-layer)、次(sub-wave)、小 (sub-quantity)和子(sub-field)的含义。 6、缩、略写的词多,如,laser( light amplified by stimulated emission radiation )、PE(potential energy)、KE (kinetic energy)、FCC (Face-centred cubic)、HCP(Hexagonal close-packing)、 BCC(Body-centred cubic)。
例
二
Jet propulsion is a practical application of Newton’s third law of motion which states that ,for every force acting on a body there is an opposite and reaction. For aircraft propulsion ,the “body” is atmospheric air that is caused to accelerate as it passes through the engine. The force required to give this acceleration. A jet engine produces thrust in a similar way to the propeller/engine combination, but whereas the propeller gives a small acceleration to a large weight of air, the jet engine gives a large acceleration to a small weight of air.(taken from Principles of Jet Propulsion)
而且,如果线圈中放一个铁芯,它的电感
将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感大。 此句than引导一个比较状语从句。
科技英语的特点
以人为主与也不要用We,you, 而经常用one 来代替。:
The laser performances at 1.33 µm in continuous wave (cw) and passive Q-switching operation of a diode-end-pumped Nd:Gd3AlxGa5-xO12 (Nd:GAGG) laser have been investigated for the first time.
If the battery is disconnected, the capacitor retains the charge and the voltage associated with it.
如果断开电池,电容将保持电荷和与电荷相
关的电压。
Also if a coil is placed on an iron core, its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core.
7、省略句
The first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours, while the second treatment would require only 26 hours. 第一次处理最少需要48小时,而第二次处理只需要26 小时。 可以省略为: The first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours, the second only 26 hours.
两者的共同之处:词汇、语法基本相通。 两者的不同之处:具有各自的特点。例如, 公共英语:随意性(randomicity)、口语性 (colloquialism)、感情性强(emotionality)。
科技英语的特点
1、客观性,被动语态多,传统上,一般尽量 少用或不用we、you、I、 they。近代打破 了这个清规戒律,但还是要尽可能减少出 现次数。
I couldn’t get home fast enough. 我恨不得马上回到家里。 No man can have too many friends. 朋友愈多愈好。
简练
Let those who can serve as teachers. (让那些能当老师的人来当老师。) 能者为师 When a straight bar is subjected to a tensile load, the bar becomes longer. 直杆受拉,则伸长。
流畅
The assumption of a uniform distribution of stress is frequently made in design. 在设计中,常常采用压力均布的假定。
应该注意避免死译和乱译
死译 ----the Milky Way (牛奶路) 银河 ----black tea (黑茶) 红茶 ---- bull’s eye (公牛眼睛) 靶心 -----talk horse (谈马 ) 吹牛
能
翻译技巧
一、翻译的标准
准确、 简练、 流畅
1.译文要忠实于原文,准确完整表达原文的 内容,使译文在表达思想、精神、风格体裁 上与原文完全相同。
2.语言必须符合规范,符合本民族语言习惯。
3.专业术语正确,数据无误,具有科学性。
准确
You cannot be too careful.
Dynamics is the study of forces and their effects on the motions of bodies. The cause of acceleration is a force exerted by some external agent or environment. The fundamental properties of force and the relationship between force and acceleration are given by Newton’s three laws of motion. The first of these laws describes the natural state of motion of a free body on which no external forces are acting, whereas the other two laws deal with the behavior of bodies under the influence of force.
------ [If(it is)] alloyed with tin,copper forms a series of alloys which are known as bronze. 如果将铜与锡熔合,就能形成叫做青铜的一系列合金 由关联词that或which引导的定语从句,可将 关联词和从句谓语中的助动词一并省略。如上句 中的which可予省略,留下作定语用的分词 "known as bronze";并且还可进一步省略成: ------ Alloyed with tin,copper forms a bonze. 用锡合金化,铜就形成青铜。
英语分类
公共英语
(Ordinary English、Common English、
General English )
专业英语
(Specialized English、Professional English、
English for Special Science and Technology)
1. Contents 2. Exams
应该注意避免死译和乱译
乱译
----To do this aircraft will fly at 2000 to 4000 m.p.h. 乱译:制成这样的飞机,飞机每小时要飞 行2000到4000英里。 正译:要做到这一点,飞机每小时要飞行 2000到4000英里。
二、翻译方式
1.直译 指忠实地保持原文的用词、语法、结构及语 气风格等。尽力保持原文精粹和面目 2.意译 译文大胆打破原文用词、语法结构语气风格 的限制。符合汉语的表达方式和习惯。
2、专业英语长句多。一个句子除主句外,往往 在句中穿插许多从句和分词、不定式非谓语形式。
With a non-critically phase-matched KTA crystal, a
high-power intracavity optical parametric oscillator (IOPO) driven by a diode-side-pumped acoustooptically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been realized. 。
常见省略句型
As already discussed As noted later If any (anything) If convenient If necessary If possible If required If not If so When in use When necessary When needed Where possible 如前面讨论过的 如后面所说明的 如果有的话,即使需要也 如果方便的话 必要时,如果必要的话 如有可能 如果需要(的话) 即使不… 如果是这样,果真如此 在使用时;当工作时 必要时 需要时,如果需要 在可能的情况下,如有可
3、专业术语多,许多词汇只在本专业使用. 如 cold boot, circuit diagram、 energy band。 4、半专业词汇较多,介于公共与专业之间,不同专业 词汇含义不同. 如 driver,司机、驱动源、驱动器 operation 〔机械〕操作 〔军事〕作战 〔计〕运 算 〔医〕手术 carrier 〔机械〕托架、底盘〔军事〕 航空母舰 〔半导体〕载流子〔医〕带毒者〔通信〕 载波 〔航天〕运载工具 、火箭 〔日常〕搬运工(车、船)
Biblioteka Baidu
应该注意避免死译和乱译
死译 ----Problems encountered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements. 死译:试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进 的必要。 正确:试验中出现的问题表明: 还需要对原设计进行 下述改进。 ----There is not room in this chapter to do any more than mention some of the research which has been carried out. 死译:在本章中,没有地方来做比提及某些已经进行 的研究更多的事情。 正确:限于篇幅,本章只提及某些业已进行的研究工 作。
Classroom participation :20% ; paper: 40% Final exam : 40%
3. Suggestions for You
教学基本要求
1、能顺利阅读物理学有关专业的原版教科书、 参考书及其他参考资料,能掌握其中心大意, 抓住主要事实和有关细节。 2、对其中重要的论著和文献等材料能正确理 解、抓住要点,并对其内容进行分析、推理、 判断和综合概括 3、能写作简单的专业语句,能正确无误地写 作论文的英文摘要。 4、阅读是侧重,基本上结合阅读实践来讲解