电解抛光流程图-英文版
图纸尺寸英文模板
图纸尺寸英文模板篇一：工程图纸英语工程图纸英语Material 材料Notes/Remark 注释ANSI 美国国家标准局ASTM美国材料试验协会finish 最后一道表面处理Anodize 阳极氧化Grain 纹理standard标准Range 范围UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED除非另有标明外，请参照备注Tolerances 公差punching direction 冲压方向Right Side 正面TH（thickness)料厚Hardness 硬度Burring side 批锋面Tooling/Die 冲压模JIS 日本工业标准Covex 米位.surface cleaning 金属表面清洁处理Degreasing 金属除油处理Solvent degreasing 乳化脱脂alkali degreasing 碱性脱脂electrolytic cleaning 电解清洁vapor degreasing 蒸汽脱脂ultrasonic cleaning 超声波清洁vibrating cleaning 震动清洁barrel cleaning 滚桶清洁brushing 刷光polishing 磨光buffing 抛光electro-polishing 电解抛光。
3. process term(工序术语）The bending processes 屈弯工序bending 屈弯curling 卷曲Twisting 扭曲flanging 翻外边The cutting processes 剪切工序piecing 冲孔blanking 冲裁notching 剪形lancing 切口trimming 切边fine blanking 精冲the forming processs 成型工序embossing 起伏起形（冲波位）rim curling 边口卷曲hole flanging 翻猪嘴孔成型bulging expanding 胀颈成形reducing necking 缩颈成形foring pression 锻压成形the multiple-slides forming operations 多滑块式成形the drawing process 压延工序cupping (blank&draw)冲裁及压延redrawings 再压延partial redrawing 局部压延reverse drawing 反压延ironing 挤延Scale 比例Decimal 小数的usage 用量length 长度section A-A 剖面图A-ADETAIL B 放大图 BView 视图tension 张力，拉力torque 扭距力strength 力量dimension 尺寸first angle projection 第一视角法third angle projection 第三视角法REV.版本Edge 边corner 角top 顶部bottom角部MIN.最小screw 螺纹appearance 外观outline 轮廓，外形approx,大约datum 基准plane 平面measurement of parallelism 平行度测量verticality 垂直度lineal measure 直线度测量flatness 平面度roughness 粗糙度ECO/ECN 工程变更通知finish/treatment 表面处理anodizing of aluminum 铝的阳极处理。
引线式铝电解电容器工艺流程图-中英文
半成品清洗
PVC套管
塑套
Байду номын сангаас
老 炼
自动老炼测试 测试
1.●shows the IQC testing or the coming materials 2.▲shows self-inspection or PQC or the PQC testing 3.★shows QA or the QA testing 4、if above is not,that shows process self-inspection 5、□shows work process 6、The above process is for the reference, if special
引线式产品工艺流程图
阴 、
阳
电
极
解
箔
纸
切割
导 针
钉卷
化工材料
配液 浸渍
橡
铝
皮
壳
头
装配 自动组套
说明：1、●表示进料检 2、▲表示自检和 3、★表示最终检 4、无以上三种标 5、□表示作业工 6、以上流程为参
入库
包装
成型
铝橡 P 壳皮 V
头C 套 管
外观检查
编带
胶纸
The Process Flow Diagram Of Lead Taping Product
slitting
nail
impregnat
automatic
PVCcasing Eraserhead ALcan
input
package
molding
appearance
bredeing tape
说明：1、●表示进料检验或试验IQC 2、▲表示自检和过程检验或试验PQC 3、★表示最终检验或试验QA 4、无以上三种标记则表示工序自检 5、□表示作业工序 6、以上流程为参考流程，对特殊情况产品流程会有适当调整。
图形电镀流程介绍(PPT40张)
– 水洗量﹑水質及新液自動添加量要保証﹕
• 水洗量不足會導致顯影sludge殘留﹔ • 水質太臟會污染板面﹔ • 足夠的新液自動添加量可以減少顯影sludge后帶﹐ 減小水洗壓力﹒
-導致主要不良﹕
• 1﹑二次銅粗糙（顯影水洗不淨）﹔2﹑干膜漂移 ﹔3﹑顯影未淨。
• 二次銅﹕
– 特點﹕
• 1﹑因板子兩面圖形不同﹐在同一電流密度下﹐ 兩面電流不等﹐所以不能用同一整流器同時給板 子兩面提供電流﹐必須板子兩面各用一個整流器 控制﹔ • 2﹑前處理有微蝕槽以提高板面新鮮度﹐增強一 二次銅間結合力﹔ • 3﹑線上有鍍錫槽﹐以提供鹼性蝕刻時的錫抗蝕 層﹒
– 浮球比重自動添加系統一般工作原理圖﹕
•液位
•電磁閥
•浮球
– 鹼性蝕刻反應机理﹕
• 2Cu + 2Cu(NH3)4Cl2 → 4Cu(NH3)2Cl • 4Cu(NH3)2Cl+ 4NH3 +4NH4Cl+O2 → 4Cu(NH3)4Cl2+2H2O • 蝕刻藥水以Cu(NH3)4Cl2為咬蝕劑, O2為再生劑 ﹒
• 1﹑阻抗不符﹔2﹑蝕刻過度﹔3﹑蝕刻不全﹔
– 槽液特性﹕
• 因銅离子与OH-根會產生沉淀﹐所以必須控制好 溶液中NH3﹑OH-的濃度平衡﹐否則會導致沉淀 死槽﹒
– 如何保証槽液穩定性﹕
• 依比重自動添加新液－－子液（不含銅离子）﹐ 生產槽內藥水－－母液﹐會隨蝕刻的進行銅离子 會增加﹐比重會增加﹐當高于設定值時﹐就會啟 動自動添加系統﹒
1﹑通過調節一二次銅的分配﹐達到減小蝕刻銅厚﹐ 從而降低蝕刻難度﹔ 2﹑克服Tenting流程因干膜附著力不足帶來的線路 open﹔ 3﹑克服干膜不能覆蓋保護大的貫孔之缺點﹔ 4﹑克服間距較小易產生曝光short﹔ 5﹑克服干膜越高解析度﹐而厚度又越薄易破之矛盾 ﹒ 6﹑減少消耗銅球﹐降低成本﹒
英文版-各种材质眼镜工艺流程介绍图
Installing of the welding work station and tool kits in a vaccuminstallationRelease of the preproductionsampleMounting of the parts on the toolkit, which shall be weldedWelding with e.g. YAK-laserDismounting of the welded partsCleaning by e.g. an ultrasonicdeviceMounting single titanium rawframe partsChucking the (parts of the) framein a device for lacqueringTitanium raw frame (completely orpartly mountedSpraying the frames with lacquer under safe conditions (e.g. breathing equipment)Drying of the colored parts (via e.g.cooling, heating or waiting)Dismounting of the colored partsFinal inspection and testing relating e.g. EN ISO 12870Cutting and bending of the e.g. eye rim, bridge, temples…Assembling the raw frame with screws, washer, additional (plastic)parts and demo lenses to a complete spectacle frame4.5.2 process description, titanium frame (example):•Cutting •Bending •Welding •Plating •Mounting4.5.2 process description, non-titanium metal frame (example):•Cutting •Bending •Soldering •Plating •MountingInstalling of the soldering work station and tool kits and laboratoryhoodRelease of the preproductionsampleMounting of the parts on the tool kit,which shall be solderedSoldering by dint of an open flame and tin solder and foundry fluxDismounting of the soldered partsCleaning by e.g. an ultrasonic deviceMounting single metal raw framepartsChucking the (parts of the) frame inadevice for lacqueringMetal raw frame (completely orpartly mountedSpraying the frames with lacquer under safe conditions (e.g. breathingequipment)Drying of the colored parts (via e.g.cooling, heating or waiting)Dismounting of the colored partsFinal inspection and testing relatinge.g. EN ISO 12870Cutting and bending of the e.g. eyerim, bridge, temples…Assembling the raw frame, additional (plastic) parts and demo lenses to acomplete spectacle frame4.5.3 process description, acetate frame (example)Intake of the data for the millingmachineRelease of the preproduction sampleMilling of the front e.g. with a CNCmilling cutter Polishing of sharp edges with a polishingcylinder machineBending of the front with a bendingmachine Mounting of accesories on the temples, e.g.rivetsmilling of the templesMounting of accesories on the front, e.g.rivets Underlay/rise of the inlay with alreadysoldered hinge partSubmerging of the counter hinge partAssembling of the front and the temples with screws and insertingthe demo lensesAdjusting the mounted spectacle frameFinal inspection and testing relating e.g. EN ISO12870Polishing of sharp edges with a polishingcylinder machine4.5.4 process description, injection moulding frame (example)for ready to wear framesConstructing of an injection mould accordingly to the preproduction sampleRelease of the preproduction sampleDetermine the material, e.g. TR90LX of thefront Inject the plastic material into the injectionmouldPolishing of sharp edges with a polishingcylinder machineDetermine the material, e.g. TR55LX of thetemplesSubmerging of the counter hinge partSubmerging of the hinge partAssembling of the front and the temples with screws andinserting the corrective lensesAdjusting the mounted spectacle frameFinal inspection and testing relating e.g. ENISO 12870Polishing of sharp edges with a polishingcylinder machineInject the plastic material into the injectionmouldConstructing of an injection mould accordingly to the preproduction sample。
铝电解电容器工艺流程图(含英文)
铝橡 P 壳皮 V
头C 套 管
外观检查
Eraserhead ALcan
notes：1.● 2.▲shows self 3.★shows QA or th 4、if above is not 5、 6、The above proce circumstances,
assembling
automatic
PVCcasing Eraserhead ALcan
input
package
molding bredeing
appearance
bredeing tape
：1、●表示进料检验或试验IQC 2、▲表示自检和过程检验或试验PQC 3、★表示最终检验或试验QA 4、无以上三种标记则表示工序自检 5、 表示作业工序 6、以上流程为参考流程，对特殊情况产品流程会有适当调整。
引线式产品工艺流程图
阴 、
阳
电
极
解
箔
纸
切割
导 针
钉卷
入库
包装
Th
guide pin
electrolyce cathode and foil
slitting
nail
化工材料
配液 浸渍
成型 编带
胶纸
chemical material confect impregnat
橡
铝
皮
壳
头
装配 自动组套
说明：1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、
封口
半成品清洗
PVC套管
塑套
shows the IQC testing or the coming materials .▲shows self-inspection or PQC or the PQC testing .★shows QA or the QA testing 、if above is not,that shows process self-inspection 、 shows work process 、The above process is for the reference, if special
电解抛光
电解抛光电解抛光原理图电解抛光，是以被抛工件为阳极，不溶性金属为阴极，两极同时浸入到电解槽中，通以直流电而产生有选择性的阳极溶解，从而达到工件表面光亮度增大的效果。
目录电源电源可选用双相220V，三相380V。
整流器电解抛光对电源波形要求不是太严格，可选用可控硅整流器或高电解抛光电源频整流器。
整流器空载电压：0—20v负载电压（工作电压）：8—10v工作电压低于6v，抛光速度慢，光亮度不足。
整流器电流：根据客户工件大小而定。
电解槽及配套设施（阳极棒）可选用聚氯乙烯硬板材（聚丙烯）焊接而成。
在槽上装三根电极棒，中间为可移动的阳极棒，接电源阳极（或正极），两侧为阴极棒，连接电源阴极（负极）。
加热设施及冷却设备①加热可选用石英加热管，钛加热管。
②冷却可选用盘管，盘管可加热可冷却。
夹具最好选用钛做挂具，因为钛较耐腐蚀，寿命长，钛离子对槽液无影响。
建议最好不要用铜挂具，因为铜离子进入会在不锈钢表面沉积一层结合力不好的铜层，影响抛光质量。
铜裸露部位可用聚氯乙烯胶烘烤成膜，在接触点刮去绝缘膜。
阴阳极材料阴极材料选用铅板，阳极材料选用紫铜连接。
阳极比阴极为1：2—3.5之间。
阴极距阳极最佳距离为10—30厘米。
就目前来说，电解抛光主要针对不锈钢工件的表面光亮处理。
不锈钢工件又分为200系列，300系列，400系列材质，各系列材质有必须用针对性电解抛光液。
比如不锈钢200系列材质的不锈钢，必须用200系列的配方，此种配方无法适应300系列或400系列的不锈钢材质。
这一直是国内一大难题，因为有些厂家的材质是组合工件，既有200系列不锈钢材质，又有300或400系列不锈钢材质。
在2007年12月，威海云清化工开发院王铃树高级工程师研制出一种不锈钢通用电解液。
这种电解液适合所有不锈钢材质。
他结合了原有电解液所有优点，比重为电解液最佳比重，为1.70，光亮度为镜面亮度。
同时还研发出新的优点，此电解液提高了原有的亮度，降低了一半的电流密度。
电解抛光机使用说明书.doc
电解抛光机使用说明书一，电解抛光原理：利用金属表面微观凸点在特定电解液中和适当电流密度下，首先发生阳极溶解的原理进行抛光的一种电解加工，又称电抛光，英文简称ECP。
这种加工方法是,法国的P.A.雅克于1931年发明的，不久之后在工业中得到应用。
图[电解抛光原理图]为电解抛光的原理。
工件作为阳极接直流电源的正极。
用铅、不锈钢等耐电解液腐蚀的导电材料作为阴极，接直流电源的负极。
两者相距一定距离浸入电解液中，在一定温度、电压和电流密度(一般低于1安／厘米()下，通电一定时间（一般为几十秒到几分），工件表面上的微小凸起部分便首先溶解，而逐渐变成平滑光亮的表面。
电解抛光的特点是：①抛光的表面不会产生变质层，无附加应力，并可去除或减小原有的应力层；②对难于用机械抛光的硬质材料、软质材料以及薄壁、形状复杂、细小的零件和制品都能加工；③抛光时间短，而且可以多件同时抛光,生产效率高;④电解抛光所能达到的表面粗糙度与原始表面粗糙度有关，一般可提高两级。
电解抛光主要用于表面粗糙度小的金属制品和零件，如反射镜、不锈钢饰品、不锈钢餐具、装饰品、注射针、弹簧、叶片和不锈钢管等，还可用于某些模具（如胶木模和玻璃模等）和金相磨片的抛光。
二，科嘉达牌电解抛光机与电解抛光液特点：1.主机采用科嘉达自主设计生产的第三代高频电解机，数显式电压电流表，自动温控装置，自动时间定时报警，主要电子元件采用日本进口，电源效率为89%，比普通可控硅电解机省电20%-30%2.电解后产品内外色泽一致，光泽持久，机械抛光无法抛到的凹处也可整平，电解出来的工件可达到镜面效果。
3.生产效率高，成本低廉。
电解时间2-3分钟，而普通电解机时间需要10-20分钟。
4.电解槽采用台湾进口PP板制作，耐高温、耐腐蚀。
5.科嘉达牌不锈钢电解抛光液采用最新型环保配方，有SGS环保认证、电解出来的产品色泽鲜亮持久，电解液无恶臭气体排出、废水可以直接排放，不污染环境。
三．指标参数：输入电压范围：三相：380VAC±50VAC（电源线8-16平方）两相：220VAC±50VAC 输出电流稳定度：≤2%输出电压稳定度：≤1%输出波形：平滑直流矩形或正弦波形。
电池工艺流程 英文
电池工艺流程英文Battery Manufacturing Process.The battery manufacturing process is a multi-step procedure that involves several critical operations to ensure the quality, performance, and safety of the final product. This article will outline the general steps involved in the manufacturing of batteries, with a focus on lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.1. Material Preparation.The first step in battery manufacturing is the preparation of the raw materials. This includes the cathode active material, anode active material, electrolyte, separator, and current collectors. The choice of materials depends on the type of battery being manufactured, but for lithium-ion batteries, the cathode material is typically alithium compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO),lithium iron phosphate (LFP), or lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). The anode material is usually carbon-based, such as graphite.2. Mixing and Formulation.Once the raw materials are prepared, they are mixed and formulated into a slurry. This involves combining theactive material, binder, and conductive additive with a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture. The binder helps to hold the active material together within the battery, while the conductive additive improves the electricalconductivity of the electrode.3. Electrode Fabrication.The next step is the fabrication of the electrodes. The slurry is coated onto a metal current collector, typically aluminum for the cathode and copper for the anode. The coated electrodes are then dried and cut into the desired shape and size.4. Electrode Drying and Calendering.After coating, the electrodes are dried to remove any residual solvent. They are then calendered, or pressed, to increase their density and improve their mechanical properties.5. Cell Assembly.The next step is the assembly of the battery cell. This involves stacking the cathode and anode electrodes with a separator between them. The separator is a porous material that prevents the electrodes from touching and short-circuiting while allowing ions to flow between them. The stack is then wrapped in a protective layer and inserted into a metal casing.6. Electrolyte Injection and Sealing.Once the cell is assembled, the electrolyte is injected into the battery. The electrolyte is a liquid or gel thatallows ions to flow between the electrodes, creating an electrical current. The battery is then sealed to prevent leakage and ensure its long-term stability.7. Formation and Testing.After sealing, the battery undergoes a formation process, which involves charging and discharging it several times to activate the materials and ensure proper cell performance. The battery is then tested to ensure it meets the required specifications for voltage, capacity, and safety.8. Quality Control and Packaging.Finally, the battery undergoes quality control testing to ensure it meets all safety and performance standards. Once approved, it is packaged and labeled for distribution.In summary, the battery manufacturing process is a complex and multi-step procedure that requires precise control of materials, processes, and equipment to ensurethe quality and safety of the final product. It involves the preparation of raw materials, mixing and formulation, electrode fabrication, cell assembly, electrolyte injection and sealing, formation and testing, and quality control and packaging. Each step is critical to the overall performance and safety of the battery.。
电解抛光简介既流程图
電解拋光流程圖上掛→除油5分鐘→水洗兩次→超聲波5分鐘→水洗3次→電解拋光8-20分鐘→水洗2次→鈍化10分鐘→水洗3次→烘烤100°10-20分鐘→品檢：包裝出貨原理電解拋光（Electrolytic Polishing）原理現在世界各界人士爭論很多，被大家公認的主要為黏膜理論。
該理論主要為：工件上脫離的金屬離子與拋光液中的磷酸形成一層磷酸鹽膜吸附在工件表面，這種黏膜在凸起處較薄，凹處較厚，因凸起處電流密度高而溶解快，隨黏膜流動，凹凸不斷變化，粗糙表面逐漸被整平的過程。
優點⑴內外色澤一致，光澤持久，機械拋光無法拋到的凹處也可整平。
⑵生產效率高，成本低廉。
⑶增加工件表面抗腐蝕性，可適用於所有不銹鋼材質。
所需條件及設備電源；整流器；電極棒；冷卻管；加熱器；掛具；鉛板；電解槽；排風裝置電源電源可選用雙相220V，三相380V。
整流器電解拋光對電源波形要求不是太嚴格，可選用可控矽整流器或高電解拋光電源頻整流器。
整流器空載電壓：0—20v負載電壓（工作電壓）：8—10v工作電壓低於6v，拋光速度慢，光亮度不足。
整流器電流：根據客戶工件大小而定。
電解槽及配套設施（陽極棒）可選用聚氯乙烯硬板材（聚丙烯）焊接而成。
在槽上裝三根電極棒，中間為可移動的陽極棒，接電源陽極（或正極），兩側為陰極棒，連接電源陰極（負極）。
加熱設施及冷卻設備②加熱可選用石英加熱管，鈦加熱管。
②冷卻可選用盤管，盤管可加熱可冷卻。
夾具最好選用鈦做掛具，因為鈦較耐腐蝕，壽命長，鈦離子對槽液無影響。
建議最好不要用銅掛具，因為銅離子進入會在不銹鋼表面沉積一層結合力不好的銅層，影響拋光品質。
銅裸露部位可用聚氯乙烯膠烘烤成膜，在接觸點刮去絕緣膜。
陰陽極材料陰極材料選用鉛板，陽極材料選用紫銅連接。
陽極比陰極為1：2—3.5之間。
陰極距陽極最佳距離為10—30釐米。
就目前來說，電解拋光主要針對不銹鋼工件的表面光亮處理。
不銹鋼工件又分為200系列，300系列，400系列材質，各系列材質有必須用針對性電解拋光液。
实验室电解抛光工艺流程
实验室电解抛光工艺流程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!实验室电解抛光工艺流程一、准备工作阶段。
在进行实验室电解抛光之前，要做好充分的准备。
镀锡工艺流程英文版及详解
镀锡工艺流程英文版及详解The tin plating process is a widely used method for protecting metal surfaces from corrosion and providing an attractive finish. The process involves several steps to ensure that the tin coating is applied effectively andprovides the desired results.1. Cleaning: The first step in the tin plating process is to thoroughly clean the metal surface to remove any dirt, oil, or other contaminants. This is typically done using a degreasing solution or a combination of cleaning and pickling chemicals.2. Preparing the substrate: After cleaning, the metal substrate is prepared for plating by applying a layer of flux or other suitable coating to promote adhesion between the tin and the metal surface. This step is essential to ensure thatthe tin coating will adhere properly and provide long-lasting protection.3. Tin plating: The prepared metal substrate is then immersed in a bath of molten tin. The tin plating process can be carried out using either hot-dip or electroplating methods, depending on the specific requirements of the application. In both cases, the tin coating is deposited onto the metal surface, forming a uniform and corrosion-resistant layer.4. Post-plating treatment: After the tin plating processis complete, the coated metal is often subjected to further treatment to improve the properties of the tin coating. This may include annealing, reflow, or chemical passivation to enhance the adhesion, durability, and appearance of the tin-plated surface.5. Inspection and testing: Finally, the tin-plated metalis inspected and tested to ensure that the coating meets the specified quality standards. This may involve visualinspection, measurement of coating thickness, adhesion testing, and corrosion resistance testing to verify the effectiveness of the tin plating process.In conclusion, the tin plating process is a versatile and effective method for protecting metal surfaces and providing a decorative finish. By following the correct procedures and quality control measures, manufacturers can ensure that their tin-plated products meet the required performance and appearance standards.。
电解抛光原理
电解抛光原理电解抛光原理示意图上图中阳极金属表面上凸出部分在电解过程中的溶解速率大于凹陷部分的溶解速率，经一段时间的电解可使表面达到平滑而有光泽的要求。
此过程如下图所示：以钢铁制件为例。
电抛光时，工件作为阳极，铅板作为阴极，故在含有磷酸、硫酸和铬酐(CrO3) 的电解液中进行电解，阳极( 工件) 铁溶解：Fe-2e- → Fe2+然后Fe2+ 与溶液中的的Cr2O7 离子(CrO3 在酸性介质中形成Cr2O7) 发生下述氧化还原反应：6Fe2+ 十Cr2O72- 十14H+ → 6Fe3+ 十2Cr3+ 十7H20Fe3+ 进一步与溶液中的磷酸氢根和硫酸根离子形成Fe2(HPO4)3 和Fe2(SO4)3. 随着阳极附近盐的浓度不断增加, 在金属表面形成一黏性薄膜, 从而使电解液浓度增大, 导电性降低. 由于在金属不平表面上的液膜厚度分布不均匀，凹入的部分膜较厚，因而电流密度小，Fe 不易溶解而呈钝化状态；凸起的部分膜较薄，电流密度较大，Fe 易于溶解而呈活化状态。
这样凸起部分比凹入部分溶解要快，于是粗糙表面逐渐得以平整。
在阴极，主要是H+ 和Cr2O72- 还原反应：2H+ 十2e-→H2(g)Cr2O72- 十14H+ 十6e-→2C r3+ 十7H2O在抛光的电解液中, 磷酸是应用最广的一种成分。
因为磷酸能跟金属或其氧化物反应生成各种磷酸盐，使抛光溶液成为导电性较低的黏性胶状液体，这种胶状液体附着于制件的表面，形成液膜，这对于制件的电化学整平抛光起着很大作用。
硫酸主要用于提高溶液的导电性和降低槽电压，以节省电能。
硫酸的含量一般控制在15 ％以下，否则会使金属溶解过快，得不到光滑平整的表面。
铬酐在酸性抛光液中的作用是作强氧化剂，产物Cr3+ 可生成磷酸二氢铬，增加抛光液的溶度，有利于钢铁制件的整平抛光。
当抛光过程发生断电时，铬酐能钝化制件表面，使制件免受腐蚀。
电解抛光应用场合1 、医疗器械2 、石油及化工行业3 、食品器械4 、五金加工行业电解抛光适用的金属1 、不锈钢（包括马氏体及奥氏体）2 、铝及其合金3 、铜及合金4 、镍及其合金5 、钛合金等[ 摘要] ：本文介绍了不锈钢品种及各种不锈钢表面处理方法，并分析各种处理方法优缺点。
电解抛光机器人原理
电解抛光机器人原理An electrolytic polishing robot is a type of robotics system that utilizes electrolysis to remove material from a metallic workpiece, resulting in a smooth and polished surface. 电解抛光机器人是一种利用电解作用从金属工件上去除材料，从而得到光滑和抛光表面的机器人系统。
This innovative technology has revolutionized the way metal parts are polished, offering a faster, more efficient, and more accurate solution compared to traditional manual polishing methods. 这种创新技术彻底改变了金属零件抛光的方式，相比传统的手工抛光方法，它提供了更快、更高效、更准确的解决方案。
The principle behind the electrolytic polishing robot lies in the use of an electrolyte solution and an electrical current to remove surface imperfections and create a mirror-like finish on the workpiece. 电解抛光机器人的原理在于利用电解质溶液和电流来去除表面瑕疵，并在工件上创建一个镜面般的光洁表面。
One of the key components of an electrolytic polishing robot is the electrolyte solution, which is a chemical solution that facilitates the removal of material from the workpiece during the electrolysis process. 电解抛光机器人的关键组成部分之一是电解质溶液，它是一种化学溶液，在电解过程中促进从工件上去除材料。
生产工艺流程图(英文)
Packing （包装）
Final Inspection
Storage
Delivery Inspection(出厂
Delivery
Page
Release Date
Rough Ring Receiving （粗糙环接 收）
Storage （存储）
Finishing Outer Diameter(整理 外径)
Demagnetizing （消磁）
Vibration Test （振动试验）
Shielded(sealed) Product Inspection （屏蔽（密封）产
Lathe Machining By Subcontractor （车床加工由分
Raw Material Receiving（原料接收）
Lathe Machining By Subcantractor车床加工作 者
Rough R Receivi （粗糙 收）
Take Material （以材料）
Heat treatment(热 处理)
Raceway Material Inspection
Inspectio
Outer Ring(外套)
D≦Ф18mm
D≦Ф24mm
Polishing Polishing Raceway Super Finishing
Raceway Super
Inspection
Raceway Super Inspection
d≦Ф8mm
Polishing( 抛光
Inner Ring （内套）
Bore Grinding(孔磨
d≦Ф8mm Inspection
d≧Ф9mm
Take Material
smt工艺图流程英文介绍
smt工艺图流程英文介绍The process flow of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) mainly includes the following steps:1. Substrate preparation: Firstly, select the appropriate substrate material, commonly used are FR4, metal substrates, etc. Then, perform necessary cleaning and surface treatment on the substrate to ensure welding quality.2. Attachment of surface-mounted components: Accurately attach surface-mounted components (such as resistors, capacitors, chips, etc.) that have been prepared in the component inventory to the substrate according to the process requirements. This step is usually completed by an automatic placement machine.3. Curing and bonding: Fix the surface-mounted components already attached to the substrate through reflow soldering or wave soldering, ensuring a secure connection.4. Soldering of through-hole components: For components that require through-hole assembly (such as sockets, connectors, etc.), insert them into the corresponding positions on the substrate for connection with other components.5. Soldering of leaded components: For components thatneed to be soldered for connection (such as IC chips, diodes, etc.), use appropriate soldering methods (such as wave soldering, manual soldering, etc.) to solder them to the substrate.6. Cleaning and inspection: Clean and inspect the assembled substrate to ensure that there are no residual solder flux or other contaminants, and make necessary corrections if needed.7. Testing and debugging: Perform functional testing and debugging on the assembled circuit board to verify its performance, reliability, and stability.8. Packaging and delivery: The final step is to package the finished substrate and label, categorize, and deliver it according to customer requirements.。
pecs精密刻蚀抛光流程
pecs精密刻蚀抛光流程英文回答：PECs precision etching and polishing process.PECs (Photo-Electro-Chemical etching and polishing) is an advanced micromachining technology that combines electrochemical etching and polishing processes. It uses a photoresist mask to define the etching areas, and asacrificial layer to protect the underlying material. The process is highly precise, allowing for the creation of complex 3D structures with submicron resolution.The PECs process typically involves the following steps:1. Substrate preparation: The substrate is cleaned and coated with a photoresist layer.2. Patterning: A photomask is used to expose thedesired etching areas.3. Development: The exposed photoresist is developed, leaving behind a pattern of openings in the photoresist layer.4. Electrochemical etching: The substrate is placed in an electrochemical cell, and an electrical current is passed through the solution. The current causes the metal in the exposed areas to dissolve, creating the desired etch pattern.5. Polishing: The etched surface is polished using a chemical or mechanical process to remove any remaining burrs or imperfections.The PECs process has a number of advantages over traditional etching and polishing methods:High precision: PECs allows for the creation of complex 3D structures with submicron resolution.Low damage: The electrochemical etching process isnon-contact, which minimizes damage to the substrate.Uniformity: PECs produces uniform etch depths and sidewalls, even on complex surfaces.Scalability: The PECs process can be scaled up to produce large batches of parts.PECs is used in a variety of applications, including:Microelectronics: PECs is used to create high-precision electrodes, interconnects, and other components for microelectronic devices.Medical devices: PECs is used to create stents, surgical instruments, and other medical devices.Aerospace: PECs is used to create lightweight, high-strength components for aerospace applications.Automotive: PECs is used to create precision parts for automotive engines and other components.中文回答：PECs精密刻蚀抛光工艺。
机械工程专业英语Unit 9
slurry that interacts both chemically and mechanically with the surface being polished. 化学机械抛光是指大量抛光液与被抛光表面 产生化学和机械作用的抛光。 ❖ Chemical mechanical polishing creates flat, damage-free on a variety of brittle materials and it is used extensively on silicon wafers in the manufacture of integrated circuits [集成电路]. 化学 机械抛光可使多种易碎材料平整且不受损害，因此在集成电路制造中 被广泛地用在硅晶片上。
且表面光洁程度不够好。与之相反，即使化学反应很快，但解吸附很 慢，则总去除率也不够好。 The balance and compositive effects of two steps decide the total removal rate and its surface degree of finish. 这两个步骤的平衡与 合成效应决定了总去除率和表面光洁程度。
过程
Workpiece Surface Lapping 工件表面研磨
❖ The lapped workpiece surface may look smooth but it is actually filled with microscopic peaks, valleys, scratches and pits. Few surfaces are perfectly flat. 研磨后的工件表面可能看似平滑，其实布满着微观峰、谷、划痕 和凹陷。几乎没有表面是完全平整的。
电解抛光工艺流程
晾晒衣服的作文英语英文回答：Drying clothes is a common household chore that many people do on a regular basis. There are several methods to dry clothes, but one of the most popular and traditional methods is air drying. Air drying involves hanging clothes outside in the open air to allow them to dry naturally. This method has been used for centuries and is still widely practiced today.One of the main advantages of air drying clothes isthat it is a cost-effective and energy-efficient way to dry laundry. Unlike using a dryer, air drying does not require any electricity or gas, which can save money on utility bills. Additionally, air drying is better for the environment as it reduces energy consumption and carbon emissions.Another benefit of air drying clothes is that it helpsto preserve the quality and lifespan of the garments. High heat from a dryer can cause clothes to shrink, fade, or become damaged over time. On the other hand, air drying allows clothes to dry at a gentler and more natural pace, which helps to maintain their shape, color, and fabric integrity.Air drying clothes also eliminates the need for ironing in some cases. When clothes are hung up properly, they tend to dry with fewer wrinkles compared to when they are tossed into a dryer. This can save time and effort, especially for garments that are easily wrinkled, such as dress shirts or delicate fabrics.Furthermore, air drying clothes can be a therapeutic and enjoyable activity. It allows us to connect with nature and appreciate the simple pleasures in life. Hanging clothes on a sunny day can be a calming and peaceful experience, as we watch the gentle breeze sway the garments and feel the warmth of the sun on our skin.In conclusion, air drying clothes is a practical, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method of drying laundry. It helps to preserve the quality of garments, reduces energy consumption, and can even be a therapeutic activity. Next time you do your laundry, consider air drying your clothes and enjoy the benefits it brings.中文回答：晾晒衣服是许多人定期进行的一项常见家务。
铜合金电抛工艺流程
铜合金电抛工艺流程英文回答：Copper alloy electroplating is a process used to coat a layer of copper alloy onto a substrate material. This process is commonly used in various industries, such as electronics, automotive, and jewelry. The purpose of electroplating is to enhance the appearance, improve corrosion resistance, and provide better conductivity to the substrate material.The process of copper alloy electroplating typically involves several steps. Firstly, the substrate material, which can be made of various metals such as steel or aluminum, is thoroughly cleaned to remove any dirt, grease, or oxidation. This is usually done by using a combination of chemical cleaners and mechanical scrubbing.After cleaning, the substrate material is prepared for electroplating by applying a layer of conductive material,often referred to as a "strike". This strike layer helps to improve the adhesion of the copper alloy to the substrate. It is typically made of a different metal, such as nickel or copper, and is applied through a process called electroless plating or electroless deposition.Once the strike layer is applied, the substrate material is ready for the actual copper alloy electroplating. This is done by immersing the substrateinto an electrolyte solution containing copper ions and other alloying elements. The substrate acts as the cathode, while a copper anode is used as the source of copper ions. When an electric current is applied, copper ions are reduced at the cathode and deposited onto the substrate, forming a layer of copper alloy.The thickness of the copper alloy layer can be controlled by adjusting the duration of the electroplating process. Typically, multiple layers of copper alloy are applied to achieve the desired thickness. Between each layer, the substrate is rinsed to remove any impurities or excess plating solution.After the desired thickness is achieved, the substrate is removed from the electrolyte solution and thoroughly rinsed to remove any remaining plating solution. The final step is usually a post-treatment process, such as heat treatment or surface polishing, to improve the mechanical properties and surface finish of the copper alloy coating.Overall, the copper alloy electroplating process is a complex and precise method that requires careful control of various parameters, such as temperature, current density, and composition of the electrolyte solution. It is widely used in industries where a decorative or functional copper alloy coating is desired.中文回答：铜合金电镀是一种将铜合金镀层涂覆在基材上的工艺过程。