2018HiMCM竞赛A题翻译
2018年国际生物奥林匹亚竞赛国手选拔复赛
2018年國際生物奧林匹亞競賽國手選拔複賽A卷本卷題目總共80題皆為單選題。
第1~60題為1分題，第61~80題為2分題。
本卷共計100分。
注意事項：1.本考試測驗時間為100分鐘。
2.本試題乙本共18頁（不含封面），繳卷時必須繳回「答案卡」，試卷可攜回。
3.作答方式：請用2B鉛筆在「答案卡」上作答，修正時若以橡皮擦修正必須擦拭乾淨。
1.下列何者為毒殺性T細胞(cytotoxic T cell) 的主要作用目標？(A)在肝臟中的吸蟲(B)在膿瘍中的細菌(C)鼻腔黏液中的花粉(D)被病毒感染的細胞(E)散布血液中的病毒2.下列與「抗細菌抗體」作用有關的敘述，何者錯誤？(A)促進細菌的溶解(B)中和細菌產生的毒素(C)阻礙細菌由環境攝取營養(D)藉補體形成擊膜複體(membrane attack complex)，溶解細菌的細胞壁(E)藉由抗體恆定區受體(Fc receptor) 產生調理作用，促使細菌被吞噬3.膽固醇以下列何種方式進入人類細胞？(A)胞噬作用(phagocytosis)(B)胞飲作用(pinocytosis)(C)受體媒介胞吞作用(receptor-mediated endocytosis)(D)促進性擴散(facilitated diffusion)(E)主動運輸(active transport)4.下列真核細胞的構造中，何者最為穩定(stable)？(A)微管(microtubules)(B)中間絲(intermediate filament)(C)微絲(microfilament)(D)中心粒(centrioles)(E)紡錘絲(spindle fiber)5.下列有關顯微鏡鏡頭特性，何者具有最短的工作距離(working distance)？(A)雷文霍克的單式顯微鏡鏡片(B)4X 物鏡(C)10X 物鏡(D)10X 目鏡(E)100X 物鏡6.下列有關泛蛋白(ubiquitin) 的敘述，何者錯誤？(A)是一種標籤蛋白，標示在即將被摧毀的蛋白質上(B)與蛋白酶體(proteasome) 合作，回收細胞老舊物質(C)是一個分子量較小的蛋白質，只有七十餘個胺基酸(D)與原核細胞的生長與分裂生殖有關(E)需要提供能量才能作用7.古菌(Archaea) 一般生活於如溫泉、鹽湖的極端環境中，但近年在生活環境中如土壤、海洋、河流中，甚至於人類的大腸、口腔與皮膚表面也能發現它們的蹤跡。
吉林省榆树一中2018届高三上学期竞赛英语试卷及答案(Word精校版)
2017年榆树一中高三竞赛试卷英语注意事项：1. 答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。
4. 所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AOrlando, the“Theme Park Capital of the world,”has enough to keep your family entertained for weeks. Four Best gives you a description of what each of these parks has to offer.Aquatica OrlandoAquatica Orlando brings the best of an aquarium(水族馆), zoo, water park and amusement park together into one experience. With 38 slides, 84, 000 acres of white sand beach, you can easily spend the entire day enjoying the Florida sun with your family. Don’t miss the Dolphin Plunge, a clear tube water slide that takes you through the dolphin habitat.LEGOLAND FloridaLEGOLAND Florida, the largest LEGOLAND park in the world, features 50 rides, shows and attractions spread out over the Lego-strewn 150-acres. If you’re traveling with younger kids, LEGOLAND makes a great choice since it’s designed for kids between the ages of 3 and 12. Besides, Buddy is our walk-around character mascot (吉祥物) of the park. He’s tall, yellow, friendly, and loves taking pictures with LEGOLAND Florida guests.Discovery CoveWith guest access restricted to 1,300 per day, Discovery Cove feels more like a resort than a theme park. Without crowds to worry about, you’ll get to enjoy up-close animal meetings with dolphins, sting rays, tropical fish and exotic birds. It’s all-inclusive too, so you won’t have to worry about food, towels or equipment.Disney’s Animal KingdomAt the Animal Kingdom, Disney changes the concept of a zoological park to something completely new. Here you can take a ride through the wilds of Africa, complete with real animals, raft down the Amazon or ride a runaway train through Mount Everest. The park is home to about 1,500 animals representing 250 species.21.Which theme park will parents probably choose for their five-year-old child?A. Aquatica Orlando.B. LEGOLAND Florida.C. Discovery Cove.D. Disney’s Animal Kingdom.22.What can people do in Disney’s Animal Kingdom?A. Enjoy the Florida sun with their family.B. Take pictures with Buddy.C. Watch tropical fish face to face.D. Watch real animals.23.What can we know about the four theme parks?A. Aquatica Orlando has various entertainment facilities.B. You must take towels of your own at Discovery Cove.C. LEGOLAND Florida covers an area of 84,000 acres.D. Disney’s Animal Kingdom is based on traditional concept of zoo.BCompassion (同情) is a desire within us to help others. With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register (收款机) with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day．I couldn’t help staring at him. I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if fortune had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world. I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job．Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it to me,” was all he said．What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either. Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.24. The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits .A. promised to obey the store rules.B. forgot to take his credit card with him.C. hoped to have the food first and pay later.D. could not afford anything more expensive.25. Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?A. Kind and luckyB. Poor and lonelyC. Friendly and helpfulD. Hurt and disappointed26. Why did the author refuse the old gentle man’s request first?A. He wanted to keep his present job.B. He felt no pity for the old gentleman.C. He considered the old man dishonest.D. He expected someone else to pay for the old man.27. What lesson did the author learn from this experience?A. Wealth is most important in older age.B. Helping others is easier said than done.C. Pity is better gained through practice.D. Obeying the rules means more than compassion.CWalk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it is steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been around 15, 000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests like the Amazon might have reacted to the cold, dry climates of the ice ages, but until now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to future climate change? If it gets drier, will it still survive and continue to draw down CO2?Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past. Unfortunately, getting into the Amazon rainforest and collecting information are very difficult. To study past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen, kept in lake mud. Going back to the last ice age means drilling deep down into lake sediments (沉淀物)which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled (未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon rainforest reacts to climate change.28. What does t he underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph mean?A. Giving upB. Taking inC. Wiping outD. Giving out29. How will the Amazon rainforest react to future climate change?A. It’ll get drier and continue to rem ove CO2.B. It’ll remain steamy, warm, damp and thick.C. It’ll get warmer and then colder and drier.D. There is no exact answer up to present.30. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. It’s hard to collect information for studies of the past climate in the Amazon rainforest.B. It’s impossible to prove how climate changes in the Amazon rainforest.C. It’s important to drill deep down into lake sediments to collect information.D. It’s necessary to have specialized equipment and machinery to study the past climate.31.What is the best title for this passage?A. Studies of the RainforestsB. Climates of the AmazonC. Secrets of the Ice AgeD. Changes of the RainforestsDFood picked up just a few seconds after being dropped is less likely to contain bacteria than if it is left for longer periods of time, according to the findings of research carried out at Aston University’s School of Life and Health Sciences. The findings suggest there may be some scientific basis of the "5-second rule"---- the belief about it being fine to eat food that has only had contact with the floor for five seconds or less. Although people have long followed the “5-second rule”, until now it was unclear whether it actually helped.The study, undertaken by final year Biology students and led by Anthony Hilton, Professor of Microbiology at Aston University, monitored the transfer of the common bacteria from a variety of indoor floor types as carpet, cement floor to toast, pasta, biscuit and a sticky sweet when contact was made from 3 to 30 seconds. The results showed that: time is a significant factor in the transfer of bacteria from a floor surface to a piece of food, and the type of flooring the food has been dropped on has an effect, with bacteria least likely to transfer from carpeted surfaces and most likely to transfer from cement flooring surfaces to moist foods making contact for more than 5 seconds. Professor Hilton said, "Consuming food dropped on the floor still carries an infection risk as it very much depends on which bacteria are present on the floor at the time."The Aston team also carried out a survey of the number of people who employ the “five-second rule”. The survey showed that: 87% of the people surveyed said they would eat food dropped on the floor, or already have done so. 55% of those that would, or have eaten food dropped on the floor are women. 81% of the women who would eat food from the floor would follow the “5-second rule”. Professor Hilton added, “Our study showed that a surprisingly large majority of people are happy to consume dropped food, with women the most likely to do so. But they are also more likely to follow the “5-second rule”, which our research has shown to be more than an old wive s’tale.”32. Which kind of food is not used in the study?A. Toast breadB. Italian noodlesC. ChipsD. Sticky candy33. How did Professor Hilton feel after analyzing how many people chose to eat dropped food?A. PuzzledB. UpsetC. SatisfiedD. Astonished34. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Most men would follow the “5-second” rule.B. People who would eat food dropped on the floor are in the minority.C. Bacteria are easier to transfer from cement floors than carpeted surfaces.D. Food dropped on the cement floor is less likely to be polluted than that on the carpet.35. What can be learned from the passage?A. The food which is dropped on the floor can be eaten safely.B. The research may provide some scientific evidence to the “5-second rule”.C. The bacteria have no negative effect on the safety of food.D. People surveyed in the research are willing to accept the idea.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016Himcm赛题A
2016HiMCM Problem A: Swim, Bike, and Run赛题A: 游泳、自行车、跑步A triathlon is a multiple-stage athletic endurance competition of three continuous and sequential events, usually long distance swimming, cycling, and running. Triathletes’overall course completion time includes their time for each event plus their time for transitions between the three events.铁人三项是多级别的运动耐力比赛，包括三个连续相继的项目，通常是长距离游泳、自行车和跑步。
运动员的总完成时间包括每项耗费时间及换项耗费时间。
Race organizers provide each participant a transition area where he/she can pre-position a bike, running shoes, performance gear and other equipment needed to transition from swimming to cycling and from cycling to running. An athlete’s time in the transition area (denoted as T1 for swimming to cycling and T2 for cycling to running) counts toward the total race time. The race begins with the swimming event and participants start the race in a sequence of waves of groups of swimmers at intervals of some number of minutes apart.主办方给每个参与者提供换项区域，他/她可以预先放置一辆自行车、跑鞋、户外装备和其他从游泳转换到骑车，从骑车转换到跑步的其他工具。
2018年大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)B类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）B类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. Multiple Choice 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Translation 6. IQ Test 7. Writing 8. Error CorrectionPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：W: Excuse me, what are you reading in the newspaper?M: I’m reading a piece of information about house agents. I’ve been looking for a house for along time. But until now, I still can’t find the proper house I want. Question: What is the man’s problem?1．A．He can’t find a good travel agent.B．He hasn’t found a suitable house.C．He has lost an important paper.D．He has been out of a job for a long time.正确答案：B解析：对话中男士提到他已经找房子找了很长时间一直没有找到合适的。
说明男士的问题是找不到合适的房子。
听力原文：M: As you said, the Alexandria Library must be a great institution. Only important people can have access to it, is that right? W: Of course not. The Library is open to those who have spare time to read and who wish to learn. The books are very precious. All the books are original and don’t have copies. So people can only read them in the library. M: Oh, I see. Question: What’s special about the Alexandria Library?2．A．It is open to researchers only.B．The books are all very old.C．No one can lend books from it.D．It is open round the clock.正确答案：C解析：对话中女士提到“So people can only read them in the library．”，说明人们只能在馆内读书，而不能借阅。
2018年大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)D类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2018年大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）D类决赛真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comperhension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comperhension 5. Error Correction 6. Translation 7. IQ Test 8. WritingPart I Listening ComperhensionSection A听力原文：W: Hmm ... Look at the sky. I hope the bus comes soon.M: Yeah, it’s begun to get cloudy really suddenly. Five minutes ago it was completely clear. W: At this rate, it will be raining in another five minutes. Here comes the bus now! Question: What is the weather like now?1．A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：对话中男士说5分钟前还是晴天，突然间天气就变得多云了。
说明现在的天气为多云。
听力原文：W: Sit down, sir. Could you tell me what kind of holiday you like? M: I want something with a bit of excitement and adventure.W: How about a Mediterranean cruise? It’s really popular with young people, and it’s ￡3 ,000. M: It sounds good, but it’s too expensive for me. I’d like something cheaper, really. Question: What job does the woman probably do?2．A．She is a tour guide.B．She is a travel agent.C．She is a saleswoman.D．She is a nurse.正确答案：B解析：对话中女士询问男士想要什么类型的假期并为其提供去地中海航行的建议，说明女士很可能是旅行社代理人。
2018年AMC8考题和答案解析
2017 AMC 8 考题及答案Problem 1Which of the following values is largest?Problem 2Alicia, Brenda, and Colby were the candidates in a recent election for student president. The pie chart below shows how the votes were distributed among the three candidates. If Brenda received 36 votes, then how many votes were cast all together?Problem 3What is the value of the expression ?Problem 4When 0.000315 is multiplied by 7,928,564 the product is closest to which of the following?Problem 5What is the value of the expression ?Problem 6If the degree measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio , what is the degree measure of the largest angle of the triangle?Problem 7Let be a 6-digit positive integer, such as 247247, whose first three digits are the same as its last three digits taken in the same order. Which of the following numbers must also be a factor of ?Problem 8Malcolm wants to visit Isabella after school today and knows the street where she lives but doesn't know her house number. She tells him, "My house number has two digits, and exactly three of the following four statements about it are true."(1) It is prime.(2) It is even.(3) It is divisible by 7.(4) One of its digits is 9.This information allows Malcolm to determine Isabella's house number. What is its units digit?Problem 9All of Marcy's marbles are blue, red, green, or yellow. One third of her marbles are blue, one fourth of them are red, and six of them are green. What is the smallest number of yellow marbles that Marcy could have?Problem 10A box contains five cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Three cards are selected randomly without replacement from the box. What is the probability that 4 is the largest value selected?Problem 11A square-shaped floor is covered with congruent square tiles. If the total number of tiles that lie on the two diagonals is 37, how many tiles cover the floor?Problem 12The smallest positive integer greater than 1 that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4, 5, and 6 lies between which of the following pairs of numbers?Problem 13Peter, Emma, and Kyler played chess with each other. Peter won 4 games and lost 2 games. Emma won 3 games and lost 3 games. If Kyler lost 3 games, how many games did he win?Problem 14Chloe and Zoe are both students in Ms. Demeanor's math class. Last night they each solved half of the problems in their homework assignment alone and then solved the other half together. Chloe had correct answers to only of the problems she solved alone, but overall of her answers were correct. Zoe had correct answers to of the problems she solved alone. What was Zoe's overall percentage of correct answers?Problem 15In the arrangement of letters and numerals below, by how many different paths can one spell AMC8? Beginning at the A in the middle, a path allows only moves from one letter to an adjacent (above, below, left, or right, but not diagonal) letter. One example of such a path is traced in the picture.Problem 16In the figure below, choose point on so that and have equal perimeters. What is the area of ?Problem 17Starting with some gold coins and some empty treasure chests, I tried to put 9 gold coins in each treasure chest, but that left 2 treasure chests empty. So instead I put 6 gold coins in each treasure chest, but then I had 3 gold coins left over. How many gold coins did I have?Problem 18In the non-convex quadrilateral shown below, is a right angle, , , , and .What is the area of quadrilateral ?Problem 19For any positive integer , the notation denotes the product of the integers through . What is the largest integer for which is a factor of the sum ?Problem 20An integer between and , inclusive, is chosen at random. What is the probability that it is an odd integer whose digits are all distinct?Problem 21Suppose , , and are nonzero real numbers, and . What are the possible value(s) for ?Problem 22In the right triangle , , , and angle is a right angle. A semicircle is inscribed in the triangle as shown. What is the radius of the semicircle?Problem 23Each day for four days, Linda traveled for one hour at a speed that resulted in her traveling one mile in an integer number of minutes. Each day after the first, her speed decreased so that the number of minutes to travel one mile increased by 5 minutes over the preceding day. Each of the four days, her distance traveled was also an integer number of miles. What was the total number of miles for the four trips?Problem 24Mrs. Sanders has three grandchildren, who call her regularly. One calls her every three days, one calls her every four days, and one calls her every five days. All three called her on December 31, 2016. On how many days during the next year did she not receive a phone call from any of her grandchildren?Problem 25In the figure shown, and are line segments each of length 2, and . Arcs and are each one-sixth of a circle with radius 2. What is the area of the region shown?2017 AMC 8 Answer Key1. A2. E3. C4. D5. B6. D7. A8. D9. D10.C11.C12.D13.B14.C15.D16.D17.C18.B19.D20.B21.A22.D23.C24.D25.B。
2018年全国大学生英语竞赛D类决赛答案.FIT)
2018National English Competitionfor College Students(Level D-Final)参考答案及作文评分标准Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1—5CBADCSection B6—10FFFTF11—15ABCBASection C16—20BDADCSection DDictation21.more aware of22.being independent23.attach significance24.explaining the details 25.on the other handSummary26.downtown27.coffee makers28.was hired29.atmosphere30.thousands ofPart II Vocabulary&Grammar31—35CBADD36—40CBAAC41—45BACBDPart III Cloze46.referred47.Additionally48.including49.for50.as51.that/cationalPart IV Reading ComprehensionSection A56.northeast of England57.fax service58.personal computers59.free entertainment 60.over the InternetSection B61—65GACFESection C66.Less than200years ago.67.Photographs were made on large glass plates,and exposures took only one or two seconds.68.The camera he made was small and could be held by hand.69.你只管按下快门，剩下的事情交给我们。
2018年全国大学生英语竞赛A类决赛答案.FIT)
2018National English Competitionfor College Students(Level A-Final)参考答案及作文评分标准Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1—5CAADBSecond B6—10FTFFT11—15DDABCSecond C16—20CDBBASecond D21.rested22.contend with23.top priority24.disturb25.schedule rmation28.a good job29.customer service30different/uniquePart II Vocabulary&Grammar31—35CCDAB36—40CDAAB41—45ABDCBPart III Cloze46.graduated47.where48.tired49.uniforms50.shining51.accepted52.up53.memorable54.stiffened55.astonishedPart IV Reading ComprehensionSection A56.increase57.identify the ck of energy/lacking in energy59.drooping neck60.92 Section B61—65EFBADSection C66.After the release of the movie AI.67.At a conference in1956.68.They failed to materialise.69.Looking for firms using clever technology rather than just a clever business model.70.The1969film,2001:A Space Odyssey.Section D71.food72.fish hooks73.76,000years rmation75.simplePart V TranslationSection A76.科学研究的方法只是人类思维活动的必要方式的表达，也就是对一切现象进行思考，并给以准确而严谨解释的方式。
2018AMC10B试题及答案
Problem 1Kate bakes a 20-inch by 18-incb pan of corn bread. The corn bread is cut irrto pieces thai measure 2inches by 2inches・How many pieces of cornbread does the pan contafn?(A) 90 (B) 1(MJ (C) 180 (D) 200 (E) 360Problemi 2Sam drove 96 miles in 90 minutes. His bpted during the r ir^t 30 (Tiiriutes was 60mph (miles per hour), and Ms average speed during The second 30 mrnutes was 65 nriph.What was his average speed, in mph, during th。
last 30 nninutes?(A) 64 (B) 65 (C) 66 (D) 67 (E) 68Problem 3In the expression (____ x_____ )+ ( ____ > _____ ) each b lank is to be Piled in with one o'the digiis 1,2, 3. or 4* v/jth each digit being used once* How many different values csr be obtained?(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 24Problem 4A three-dimensional rectangular box w[th dimensions X,and Z has faces whose surface srsas are 24, 24. 4& 48, 72, and 72 square units. What is X -1- Y -k Z?(A) 18 (B) 22 (C) 24 (D) 30 (E) 36Saint its HIProblem 5How many subsets of {2T 3、4, 5T6,7,8,9} cortain at least one prime number?(A) 128 (B) 1S2 (C) 224 (D) 240 (E) 256Problem 6A box contains 5 chips, numbered h 2 3, 4’ and 5. Chips are drawn randomly one at a time without replacement until:he sum of the values drawn exceeds 4. What is the probabilhy tha： 3 draws are required?號T . l 播強』 1 , I3》话㈣肓O - fi功尊(E| -Problem 7In the figure below, N congruent semicircles are drawn aong a dfameter of a large semicircle, with their diameters covering the diameter of the large semicircle with no overlap. Let. 1 be :heccmb'ned area o* th巳sma I semicircles and £? be the area(/ the region inside the large semicircle but outsfde the small semicircles. The ratio >1 i B Is 1:18* What is TV?(A) 1«(B) 17罰応onProblem 8Snra makes a staircase out of tootbpicKs as shown:This Is a 3-step staircase and uses 18 toothpicks,that used 180 toothpicks?(U) 21 (E) 30Problemi 9The taces of each of 7 standard dice are label&d with the integers from 1 to 6. Let p be the probabilitv that when all 7 dice are rolled* the sum of the numbers on the top faces Is 10- What other sum occurs with the same probability p? (A) 13(B) 26(C) 32(D) 39(E) 42Sa nr 伽Problem 10tn the rectangular paral elepiped shown, AB — 3, Z3C7 = l r and CG = 2. Point M is themidpoint of EG, What is the volume of the rectangular pyramid with base BCHE and apex M?Problem 11Which of the following expressions is never a prime number when 岁 is 自 prime number?(A)戸帶汕 (R)於半M (G)於*蹋 <n )声*处 (E) p2 ^©6How many steps would be in a staircase1 -33 - 3D/I,3 -2/It2Problem 12Line segment J/? is a diameter of a circle with AIJ= 24. Point C t not equal to .1 or B t lies on the circle. As point C moves arouncf the circle, the centroid (center of mass) of traces out a closed curve missing two points. To the nearest positive integer, what is the area of the region bounded by :his curve?(A) 25 (B) 38 (C) 50 (D) 63 (E) 75Problem 13How many of the first 2018 numbers in the sequence 101,100L 10001, 100001are divisible by 101?(A) 253 (B) 504 (C) 505 (D) 5U6 (E) 1009SolutionProblem 14A list of 2()IS positive integers has a unique mode, which occurs exactly 10 times. What is thelea&t number of distinet values that can occur in the list?(A) 202 (B) 223 (C) 224 (D) 225 (E) 234Problem 15A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping paper The box Is c會ntered on the wrappi ng paper with the vertices of the base lying omthe midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The four comers of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box t point ,1 in the figure on the right, The box has base length tr and heig卜t h. What ig thm area erf th它sheet wrapping paper?(A) 2(w + A)2(B)仙牛研(C) + 4wh(D) 2w2(E) w2/i£SolutionProblem 16Let(ii t a2).・.is be a strict!/ Increasing sequence of positive integers such that引 + S 4* …，+ —20 IB处"*What Is the remaincfer when aj + a J + - • • +。
AMC10B 2018真题和答案
Kate bakes a -inch by -inch pan of cornbread. The cornbread is cut into pieces that measure inches by inches. Howmany pieces of cornbread does the pan contain?Sam drove miles in minutes. His average speed during the first minutes was mph (miles per hour), and his averagespeed during the second minutes was mph. What was his average speed, in mph, during the last minutes?In the expressioneach blank is to be filled in with one of the digits or with each digit being used once. How many different values can be obtained?A three-dimensional rectangular box with dimensions, , andhas faces whose surface areas are and square units. What is ?How many subsets of contain at least one prime number? A box containschips, numbered and . Chips are drawn randomly one at a time without replacement until the sum of the values drawn exceeds . What is the probability that draws are required?In the figure below, congruent semicircles are drawn along a diameter of a large semicircle, with their diameters covering the diameter of the large semicircle with no overlap. Let be the combined area of the small semicircles and be the area of the region inside the large semicircle but outside the small semicircles. The ratio is . What is ?2018 AMC 10B ProblemsProblem 1Problem 2Problem 3Problem 4Problem 5Problem 6Problem 7Sara makes a staircase out of toothpicks as shown:This is a -step staircase and uses toothpicks. How many steps would be in a staircase that usedtoothpicks?The faces of each of standard dice are labeled with the integers from to . Letbe the probability that when all dice are rolled, the sum of the numbers on the top faces is . What other sum occurs with the same probability ?In the rectangular parallelepiped shown, , , and . Point is the midpoint of . What is thevolume of the rectangular pyramid with base and apex ?Problem 8Problem 9Problem 10Which of the following expressions is never a prime number whenis a prime number?Line segment is a diameter of a circle with . Point , not equal toor , lies on the circle. As point moves around the circle, the centroid (center of mass) of traces out a closed curve missing two points. To the nearest positiveinteger, what is the area of the region bounded by this curve?How many of the first numbers in the sequence are divisible by? A list of positive integers has a unique mode, which occurs exactly times. What is the least number of distinct values that can occur in the list?A closed box with a square base is to be wrapped with a square sheet of wrapping paper. The box is centered on the wrapping paper with the vertices of the base lying on the midlines of the square sheet of paper, as shown in the figure on the left. The four corners of the wrapping paper are to be folded up over the sides and brought together to meet at the center of the top of the box,point in the figure on the right. The box has base length and height . What is the area of the sheet of wrapping paper?Problem 11Problem 12Problem 13Problem 14Problem 15Letbe a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers such that What is the remainder when is divided by?In rectangle , and . Points and lie on , points and lie on , points and lie on, and points andlie on so that and the convex octagon is equilateral. The length of a side of this octagon can be expressed in the form, where , , and are integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is ?Three young brother-sister pairs from different families need to take a trip in a van. These six children will occupy the second and third rows in the van, each of which has three seats. To avoid disruptions, siblings may not sit right next to each other in the same row, and no child may sit directly in front of his or her sibling. How many seating arrangements are possible for this trip?Joey, Chloe and their daughter Zoe all have the same birthday. Joey is year older than Chloe, and Zoe is exactly year old today.Today is the first of the birthdays on which Chloe's age will be an integral multiple of Zoe's age. What will be the sum of the two digits of Joey's age the next time his age is a multiple of Zoe's age?Problem 16Problem 17Problem 18Problem 19Problem 20A functionis defined recursively by and for all integers. What is ?Mary chose an even -digit number . She wrote down all the divisors of in increasing order from left to right: .At some moment Mary wroteas a divisor of. What is the smallest possible value of the next divisor written to the right of ?Real numbers and are chosen independently and uniformly at random from the interval . Which of the following numbers is closest to the probability thatand are the side lengths of an obtuse triangle?How many ordered pairs of positive integers satisfy the equation where denotes the greatest common divisor of and, and denotes their least common multiple?Let be a regular hexagon with side length . Denote by , , and the midpoints of sides , , and, respectively. What is the area of the convex hexagon whose interior is the intersection of the interiors ofand ?Let denote the greatest integer less than or equal to. How many real numberssatisfy the equation?Problem 21Problem 22Problem 23Problem 24Problem 252018 AMC 10B Answer Key1. A2. D3. B4. B5. D6. D7. D8. C9. D10. E11. C12. C13. C14. D15. A16. E17. B18. D19. E20. B21. C22. C23. B24. C25. C。
2018年全国大学生英语竞赛B类决赛答案.FIT)
2018National English Competitionfor College Students(Level B-Final)参考答案及作文评分标准Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1—5BCCADSection B6—10TTFFT11—15BDCABSection C16—20DACBCSection DDictation21.elementary22.a bined withSummary26.an munication Skills29.the general manager30.conclusionPart II Vocabulary&Grammar31—35DCBBA36—40CDDAB41—45DBACCPart III Cloze46.translates47.respecting48.human49.of50.spread51.raised52.developed53.stipend54.established55.AlthoughPart IV Reading ComprehensionSection A56.elderly people57.break-ins58.budgetary requirements59.Dick Rogers60.have a go Section B61—65EDBGASection C66.Pursuit of novelty and wonder.67.They look at it from all angles.68.Rhythm.69.Something experienced in dreams and daydreams.70.Accuracy.Section D71.Pope Gregory XIII72.40073.sun time 74.September 75.old style Part V Translation Section A 76.中国园林不只是花卉、假山与亭榭。
2018年度国外数学竞赛试题翻译汇编
2018年美赛数学建模A的题目翻译版论文
数学建模竞赛(MCM / ICM)汇总表基于细胞的高速公路交通模型自动机和蒙特卡罗方法总结基于元胞自动机和蒙特卡罗方法,我们建立一个模型来讨论“靠右行〞规如此的影响。
首先,我们打破汽车的运动过程和建立相应的子模型car-generation的流入模型,对于匀速行驶车辆，我们建立一个跟随模型,和超车模型。
然后我们设计规如此来模拟车辆的运动模型。
我们进一步讨论我们的模型规如此适应靠右的情况和,不受限制的情况, 和交通情况由智能控制系统的情况。
我们也设计一个道路的危险指数评价公式。
我们模拟双车道高速公路上交通(每个方向两个车道,一共四条车道),高速公路双向三车道〔总共6车道)。
通过计算机和分析数据。
我们记录的平均速度,超车取代率、道路密度和危险指数和通过与不受规如此限制的比拟评估靠右行的性能。
我们利用不同的速度限制分析模型的敏感性和看到不同的限速的影响。
左手交通也进展了讨论。
根据我们的分析,我们提出一个新规如此结合两个现有的规如此(靠右的规如此和无限制的规如此)的智能系统来实现更好的的性能。
1介绍1.1术语1.2假设2模型2.1设计的元胞自动机2.2流入模型2.4超车模型2.4.1超车概率2.4.2超车条件2.5两套规如此CA模型2.5.1靠右行3补充分析模型加速和减速概率分布的设计设计来防止碰撞4模型实现与计算机5数据分析和模型验证快车的平均速度5.3密度5.5危险指数6在不同速度限制下敏感性评价模型7驾驶在左边8交通智能系统8.1智能系统的新规如此8.3智能系统结果9结论10优点和缺点10.2弱点引用附录。
1 Introduction今天,大约65%的世界人口生活在右手交通的国家和35%在左手交通的国家交通流量。
[worldstandards。
欧盟,2013] 右手交通的国家,比如美国和中国,法规要求驾驶在靠路的右边行走。
多车道高速公路在这些国家经常使用一个规如此,要求司机在最右边开车除非他们超过另一辆车,在这种情况下,他们移动到左边的车道、通过，返回到原来的车道。
2018年AMC8考题和答案解析
2017 AMC 8 考题及答案Problem 1Which of the following values is largest?Problem 2Alicia, Brenda, and Colby were the candidates in a recent election for student president. The pie chart below shows how the votes were distributed among the three candidates. If Brenda received 36 votes, then how many votes were cast all together?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _2Problem 3What is the value of the expression?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _3Problem 4When 0.000315 is multiplied by 7,928,564 the product is closest to which of the following?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _4Problem 5What is the value of the expression?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _5Problem 6If the degree measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio, what is the degree measure of the largest angle of the triangle?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _6Problem 7Let be a 6-digit positive integer, such as 247247, whose first three digits are the same as its last three digits taken in the same order. Which of the following numbers must also be a factor of?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _7Problem 8Malcolm wants to visit Isabella after school today and knows the street where she lives but doesn't know her house number. She tells him, "My housenumber has two digits, and exactly three of the following four statements about it are true."(1) It is prime.(2) It is even.(3) It is divisible by 7.(4) One of its digits is 9.This information allows Malcolm to determine Isabella's house number. What is its units digit?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _8Problem 9All of Marcy's marbles are blue, red, green, or yellow. One third of her marbles are blue, one fourth of them are red, and six of them are green. What is the smallest number of yellow marbles that Marcy could have?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _9Problem 10A box contains five cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Three cards are selected randomly without replacement from the box. What is the probability that 4 is the largest value selected?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _10Problem 11A square-shaped floor is covered with congruent square tiles. If the total number of tiles that lie on the two diagonals is 37, how many tiles cover the floor?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _11Problem 12The smallest positive integer greater than 1 that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 4, 5, and 6 lies between which of the following pairs of numbers?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _12Problem 13Peter, Emma, and Kyler played chess with each other. Peter won 4 games and lost 2 games. Emma won 3 games and lost 3 games. If Kyler lost 3 games, how many games did he win?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _13Problem 14Chloe and Zoe are both students in Ms. Demeanor's math class. Last night they each solved half of the problems in their homework assignment alone and then solved the other half together. Chloe had correct answers to only of the problems she solved alone, but overall of her answers were correct. Zoe had correct answers to of the problems she solved alone. What was Zoe's overall percentage of correct answers?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _14Problem 15In the arrangement of letters and numerals below, by how many different paths can one spell AMC8? Beginning at the A in the middle, a path allows only moves from one letter to an adjacent (above, below, left, or right, but not diagonal) letter. One example of such a path is traced in the picture.artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _15Problem 16In the figure below, choose point on so that and have equal perimeters. What is the area of?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _16Problem 17Starting with some gold coins and some empty treasure chests, I tried to put 9 gold coins in each treasure chest, but that left 2 treasure chests empty. So instead I put 6 gold coins in each treasure chest, but then I had 3 gold coins left over. How many gold coins did I have?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _17Problem 18In the non-convex quadrilateral shown below,is a right angle,,,, and.What is the area of quadrilateral?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _18Problem 19For any positive integer, the notation denotes the product of the integers through. What is the largest integer for which is a factor of the sum?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _19Problem 20An integer between and, inclusive, is chosen at random. What is the probability that it is an odd integer whose digits are all distinct?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _20Problem 21Suppose,, and are nonzero real numbers, and. What are the possible value(s) for?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _21Problem 22In the right triangle,,, and angle is a right angle.A semicircle is inscribed in the triangle as shown. What is the radius of the semicircle?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _22Problem 23Each day for four days, Linda traveled for one hour at a speed that resulted in her traveling one mile in an integer number of minutes. Each day after the first, her speed decreased so that the number of minutes to travel one mile increased by 5 minutes over the preceding day. Each of the four days, her distance traveled was also an integer number of miles. What was the total number of miles for the four trips?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _23Problem 24Mrs. Sanders has three grandchildren, who call her regularly. One calls her every three days, one calls her every four days, and one calls herevery five days. All three called her on December 31, 2016. On how many days during the next year did she not receive a phone call from any of her grandchildren?artofproblemsolving./wiki/index.php?title=2017_AMC_8_Problems/Problem _24Problem 25In the figure shown,and are line segments each of length 2, and. Arcs and are each one-sixth of a circle with radius 2. What is the area of the region shown?2017 AMC 8 Answer Key1. A2. E3. C5. B6. D7. A8. D9. D10.C11.C12.D13.B14.C15.D16.D17.C18.B19.D20.B21.A22.D23.C24.D。
2018 MCM 问题A汉译
2018 MCM Problem A: Multi-hop HF Radio Propagation背景：关于高频（高频，定义为3-30兆赫），无线电波能传播很远的距离(从地球表面的一个点到地球表面的另一个远点)从电离层和地球上多次反射。
用于低于最大可用频率(Muf)的频率。
来自地面的高频无线电波将电离层反射回地球，它们可能会再次反射回电离层，在那里他们可能会再次反射回地球，还有其他。
每跳一次就能继续前进。
除其他因素外，反射面的特性决定了反射波的强度和信号最终传播的距离，同时保持了有用的信号完整性。
另外，MUF也会随着季节、时间、太阳变化而变化。
在MUF上方的频率不被反射/折射，但是通过电离层进入太空。
在这个问题上，重点特别放在海面的反射上。
根据经验，湍流海洋的反射比平静海洋的反射减弱得多。
海洋湍流会影响海水的电磁梯度，改变海洋局部介电常数和渗透率，改变反射面的高度和角度。
湍流海洋是指波浪高度、形状和频率迅速变化的海洋，波浪传播的方向也可能发生变化。
问题：1.发展一个数学模型，为这种信号反射的海洋。
100瓦高频恒载波信号，在MUF 之下，从陆地上的一个点源，确定第一次反射在湍流海洋上的强度，并将其与平静海洋上的第一反射强度进行比较。
请注意，这意味着这个信号在电离层之外有一个反射。
如果额外的反射(2到n)发生在平静的海洋上，那么在信号的强度降到低于10分贝的可用信号-声强比(Snr)阈值之前，信号能采取的最大跳数是多少？第二部分：你在第一部分的发现与山地或崎岖地形的高频反射与平坦地形相比如何？第三部分：跨海航行的船舶将使用高频进行通信和接收天气和交通报告。
您的模型如何改变以容纳在汹涌的海洋上移动的舰载接收器？该船在同一多跳路径下的通信时间可以维持多久？第四部分：准备一个简短的(1至2页)的结果摘要，适合作为一个简短的笔记发表在IEEE通讯杂志。
你提交的材料应该包括：一页的简要表，两页的概要，你的解决方案不超过20页，最多23页，附有你的摘要和概要。
2018HiMCM A题Roller Coaster及思路
There are several Roller Coaster rating/ranking sites online that, while taking some objective measures into account, heavily rely on subjective input to determine the rating or ranking of a particular roller coaster (e.g., an "excitement"or "experience" score of an "expert" rider to measure "thrill").In addressing this HiMCM problem, consider only roller coasters currently in operation. We have provided data for a subset of operating roller coasters whose height, speed, and/or drop are above the average of worldwide operating coasters. Therefore, we have not included family or kiddie coasters, nor have we included bobsled or mountain type coasters.1. Create an objective quantitative algorithm or set of algorithms to develop a descriptive roller coaster rating/ranking system based only on roller coaster numerical and descriptive specification data (e.g., speed, duration of ride, steel or wood, drop).2. Use your algorithm(s) to develop your "Top 10 Roller Coasters in the World" list. Compare and discuss the rating/ranking results and descriptions from your team's algorithm(s) with at least two other rating/ranking systems found online.3. Describe the concept and design for a user-friendly app that uses your algorithm(s) to help a potential roller coaster rider find a roller coaster that she or he would want to ride. NOTE: You DO NOT need to program and/or write code for the app. You are developing the concept and design for the app only.4. Write a one-page non-technical News Release describing your new algorithm, results, and app. Your submission should consist of:• One-page Summary Sheet,• One-page News Release,• Your solution of no more than 30 pages, for a maximum of 32 pages with your summary and news release.• Note: Reference list and any appendi ces do not count toward the 32-page limit and should appear after your completed solution.Attachment:Note: It is not uncommon for real world databases to have some missing, noisy, or inconsistent data. References:Roller Coaster Database found at: https://.Roller Coaster and Amusement Park Database found at: https:///. Coasterpedia The Roller Coaster Wiki found at: https:///.Glossary:app - an application; a small specialized program used on mobile electronic devicesnews release - a statement prepared for release to the public or pressobjective - based on measurable or observable factsonline - available by means of a computer over a networksubjective - based on personal opinions or perceptions翰林学院开放全部2018HiMCM参考资料及比赛指导，欢迎联系小助手（linstitute1）。
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2017 HiMCMA题: 用作空中灯光显示屏的无人机集群
因特尔开发了自家Shooting Star™品牌的无人机，并把无人机集群用于空中灯光秀。
在2016年，一个500只无人机的集群，由一台笔记本和一个操作员控制，上演了一场精美的灯光秀(https:///watch?v=jNIAzeU8POQ).
你所在的大城市考虑在当地的年度活动中添加一场天空灯光秀。
市长要求你的团队评估一下使用无人机做三次空中灯光展示的想法。
第一部分：展示方案
a) 确定组成每次天空显示（类似烟花表演）的静态图案所需的无人机数量，以及用数学方法描述每架无人机的初始位置
b) 确定图案动画所需的无人机组或者单架无人机的飞行路线，并描述动画过程(你并不需要写出实际的动画程序，但是需要用数学方法描述飞行轨迹)
显示方案1: 摩天轮
显示方案2：龙形图案
显示方案3：自定义图案
第二部分：讨论决定三次灯光秀的要求，
包括但不限于：无人机数量，起降区域，所需空间，需要考虑的安全要求以及灯光秀时长
第三部分：给市长写一份两页的备忘报告你的评估结果并作出判断是否推荐此次灯光秀。
你提交的报告应包含：
你提交的内容总长度不超过33页，其中应该包括：
一页总结页
给市长的两页备忘
解决方案不超过30页，连同总结和备忘一共33页。
注意事项：参考列表和附录须附在文末，不计入33页限制。