elsevier投稿要求翻译总结
Elsevier上发表论文的要求中文版
转自小木虫 Elsevier上发表论文的若干要求(2013-12-09 21:22:08)转载▼标签：分类：SCI期刊投稿scielsevier投稿要求it发表SCI论文的人，恐怕没有人不知道Elsevier的吧，这个位于荷兰的出版社是世界上最大的科技期刊出版单位了。
每年出版2,000 多种期刊和2,200种新书。
例如青霉素的发现、伟哥的发明等等重大科学成果的发表，都是在Elsevier出版的。
发表外文和中文不太一样，感觉上外国人屁事挺多的，有些矫情。
当然，也可以认为是人家编辑比较认真啦，商业规则很成熟，学术风气也比较正。
所以想发表论文还是得按照人家的要求来办。
我想发篇论文，结果发现Elsevier的发表要求还是蛮复杂的。
到网上看看有没有大侠翻译出来的中文版，结果没有找到合适的，有的人直接用翻译软件一翻译就挂到了网上，结果中文都不通顺，这怎么行？看来还是自己动手，丰衣足食吧。
花了一天时间，把在Elsevier 上提交论文的基本要求翻译了一下。
当然，本着积德行善的宗旨，供自用，也供大家方便。
当然，本人英文水平达不到专业级，翻译中难免有些错误，希望大侠给予指正。
此外，Elsevier 的每个期刊的要求不太一样，但也是大同小异，使用时需要分辨一下。
祝你发表论文顺利。
利益冲突：所有的投稿人都必须披露从其交稿前三年中可能产生不良影响的且与其工作相关的现实或潜在的利益纠纷，包括任何财务，个人或与其他人或其他组织的关系。
参见/conflictsofinterest。
提交声明：提交一篇文章意味着该文章所述工作尚未发布，（可以以摘要的形式发布，或作为学术演讲的形式发布），而且也没有考虑在其他地方出版。
如果该文章被接受，它的出版需要得到所有作者和主管部门的同意。
而且除非得到了版权持有人的书面同意，不能以其他形式出版（无论英文或其他语言，纸质还是电子版）。
作者保有的权利：作为作者（或作者的雇主、机构），您将保留一定的权利，详细情况请参见：/authorsrights。
Elsevier期刊网上投稿指南(中文版PDF)
Elsevier期刊网上投稿指南一、ELSEVIER期刊介绍：ELSEVIER出版集团创建于1580年，是世界上著名学术期刊出版公司，也是全球最大的科学文献出版发行商。
它由Academic Press、Bailliere Tindall、Churchill Livingstone、Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier、Elsevier、Elsevier Advanced Technology、Elsevier Current Trends、Excerpta Medica、JAI、Mosby、North-Holland、Pergamon、W.B. Saunders 等出版公司组成，总部位于荷兰。
目前出版有2000多种学术期刊，主題涵盖了数学、物理、化学与化工、计算机、生物科学、环境科学、材料科学、工程与能源技术、经济、金融、商业管理、社会科学等28个領域，基本覆盖我校所有学科，为我校教师、研究生和科研人员提供了国际学术前沿最新的信息。
ELSEVIER出版的期刊不但数量多，其高品位的学术期刊在世界上也得到公认。
据2005年统计数据表明，ELSEVIER期刊中被SCI收录的期刊有1,375种，被Ei收录的有522种。
期刊影响因子最高的达到22.626。
ELSEVIER服务系统还实现了与SCI和EI数据库从二次文献直接到Elsevier 全文的链接。
目前，ELSEVIER出版集团在清华大学和上海交通大学图书馆设立镜像服务器，向校园网用户提供电子期刊全文数据库－ScienceDirect OnSite （SDOS）的服务；该站点装载了1995年以来该公司出版的1,774种电子期刊全文数据,文章篇数达2,731,1741篇。
读者也可以访问Elsevier美国主站点—ScienceDirect Online（SDOL）（/）。
SDOS和SDOL数据库均采用校园网范围的IP地址控制使用权限，不需要账号和口令，访问本地镜像和主站点都无需支付国际流量费。
Elsevier上发表论文的作者须知
Elsevier上发表论文的作者须知-——中英文011-03-25 13:35:11Elsevier上发表论文的若干要求发表SCI论文的人，恐怕没有人不知道Elsevier的吧，这个位于荷兰的出版社是世界上最大的科技期刊出版单位了。
每年出版2,000 多种期刊和2,200种新书。
例如青霉素的发现、伟哥的发明等等重大科学成果的发表，都是在Elsevier出版的。
发表外文和中文不太一样，感觉上外国人屁事挺多的，有些矫情。
当然，也可以认为是人家编辑比较认真啦，商业规则很成熟，学术风气也比较正。
所以想发表论文还是得按照人家的要求来办。
我想发篇论文，结果发现Elsevier的发表要求还是蛮复杂的。
到网上看看有没有大侠翻译出来的中文版，结果没有找到合适的，有的人直接用翻译软件一翻译就挂到了网上，结果中文都不通顺，这怎么行？看来还是自己动手，丰衣足食吧。
花了一天时间，把在Elsevier 上提交论文的基本要求翻译了一下。
当然，本着积德行善的宗旨，供自用，也供大家方便。
当然，本人英文水平达不到专业级，翻译中难免有些错误，希望大侠给予指正。
此外，Elsevier 的每个期刊的要求不太一样，但也是大同小异，使用时需要分辨一下。
祝你发表论文顺利。
利益冲突：所有的投稿人都必须披露从其交稿前三年中可能产生不良影响的且与其工作相关的现实或潜在的利益纠纷，包括任何财务，个人或与其他人或其他组织的关系。
参见。
提交声明：提交一篇文章意味着该文章所述工作尚未发布，（可以以摘要的形式发布，或作为学术演讲的形式发布），而且也没有考虑在其他地方出版。
如果该文章被接受，它的出版需要得到所有作者和主管部门的同意。
而且除非得到了版权持有人的书面同意，不能以其他形式出版（无论英文或其他语言，纸质还是电子版）。
作者保有的权利：作为作者（或作者的雇主、机构），您将保留一定的权利，详细情况请参见：。
对资金来源的作用请确定谁为研究提供金融支持，或为文章的准备工作提供帮助，并简要介绍赞助者在文章撰写工作中的作用，诸如研究方案设计、数据收集、分析和解释，报告的撰写，以及决定文章提交等等。
Elsevier期刊投稿模板及投稿经验
General-Template[Title Page]；Article TitleAuthorsAuthor affiliationsCorrespondence information: Corresponding author name, affiliation, detailed permanent address, email address, telephone number【(Check the Guide for authors to see the required information on the title page)Put the title of your abstract here using both upper and lower case letters, Times New Roman, 12 pts, bold, centered, double spacedA. Author a,B. Author b,C. Author a,*a Department, University, Street, Postal-Code City, Country，b Laboratory, Institute, Street, Postal-Code City, CountryAbstractThis general template helps you on preparing manuscript for part of Elsevier Journals. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word or later. Here comes self-contained abstract. Please read the Guide for Authors of your target journal for the requirements of Abstract. Pay special attention to the word count.PACS(optional, as per journal):Keywords: Keyword ; Keyword (Read the Guide for Authors for the requirements for Keywords, including number, thesaurus, and classification indications)* Corresponding author. Tel.: +xx xxx xx xx; fax: +xx xxx xx xx. E-mail address1. IntroductionThe manuscript should be prepared and submitted according to the Guide for Authors of your taget journal. . For your convenience, brief instructions on manuscript preparation are recorded below.；Please DO consult a recent journal paper for style and conventions. You may find samples on ScienceDirect. You need to check your manuscript carefully before you submit it. The editor reserves the right to return manuscripts that do not conform to the instructions for manuscript preparation.2. General remarks on manuscript preparationGenerally, double line spacing, 12 pts font, and Times New Roman are preferred when you type the manuscript for review. This text formatting is provided in order to facilitate referee process and is also required for proper calculation of your manuscript length. Typing your manuscript follows the order: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Main text, Acknowledgements (optional), References (optional), Figure captions, Figures and Tables. Please consult the Guide for Authors for the proper organization of the main text. Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Some journals also require lines to be numbered throughout the manuscript. You will usually want to divide your article into numbered sections and subsections. Present figures and tables at the right places mentioned in the Guide for Authors.Most formatting codes are removed or replaced while processing your article so there is no need for you to use excessive layout styling. Please do not use options such as automatic word breaking, double columns or automatic paragraph numbering (especially for numbered references). Do use bold face, italic, subscripts, superscripts, etc., as appropriate.IllustrationsMany journals required that figures and tables to be presented on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. The preferable file formats are: EPS (for vector graphics) and TIF (for bitmaps). However, PDF and MS Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint figures) files are also acceptable. Use file names that enable to identify their contents in terms of figure number and format . , , . All artwork has to be numbered according to its sequence in the text. All of them should have captions. Colour figures in printed version require an extra fee for most journals. Generally, no vertical rules (lines) should be used in tables. Illustrations should not duplicate descriptions that appear elsewhere in the manuscript.Please look at for more detailed instructions on artwork preparations.{EquationsConventionally, in mathematical equations variables and anything thatrepresents a value appear in italics. You are encouraged to use equation-editing tools such as mathtype to edit equations. Please make use of the numbering and referencing functions.CitationsThere are different styles of in-text citations and reference lists. DO consult the Guide for Authors to see the given examples. Pay special attention to the format of author names, journal names, publication year, volume and page span.Acknowledgements…This section is optional.References[1].[2].Figure CaptionsPut at this page the collected figure captions. The figure captions should be as brief as possible. It should also contain sufficient information that readers do not need to refer to the main text.Put here the figure caption of figure 2 (also the legend to figure 2)..Fig. 3Fig. 1. Sample figure. Do not reduce or enlarge any images after placement in an MS Office application as this can lead to loss of image quality. While inserting vector graphics ensure that you use only truetype fonts. These should preferably be in one, or a combination, of the following fonts: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Symbol, Times.Table 1Sample table: (使用三线表)Parameter Compound 1Compound 2 a (Å)】Δ E a (eV)……………,…a This is an example of a table footnote.关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿1 关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿概述(1) Elsevier旗下共有1300多种期刊。
Elsevier期刊投稿模板和投稿经验
General-Template[Title Page]Article TitleAuthorsAuthor affiliationsCorrespondence information: Corresponding author name, affiliation, detailed permanent address, email address, telephone number(Check the Guide for authors to see the required information on the title page)Put the title of your abstract here using both upper and lower case letters, Times New Roman, 12 pts, bold, centered, double spacedA. Author a,B. Author b,C. Author a,*a Department, University, Street, Postal-Code City, Countryb Laboratory, Institute, Street, Postal-Code City, CountryAbstractThis general template helps you on preparing manuscript for part of Elsevier Journals. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Here comes self-contained abstract. Please read the Guide for Authors of your target journal for the requirements of Abstract. Pay special attention to the word count.PACS(optional, as per journal): 75.40.-s; 71.20.LPKeywords:Keyword 1.D; Keyword 2.B (Read the Guide for Authors for the requirements for Keywords, including number, thesaurus, and classification indications)* Corresponding author. Tel.: +xx xxx xx xx; fax: +xx xxx xx xx. E-mail address: xxxxx@xxx.xx1. IntroductionThe manuscript should be prepared and submitted according to the Guide for Authors of your taget journal. . For your convenience, brief instructions on manuscript preparation are recorded below.Please DO consult a recent journal paper for style and conventions. You may find samples on ScienceDirect. You need to check your manuscript carefully before you submit it. The editor reserves the right to return manuscripts that do not conform to the instructions for manuscript preparation.2. General remarks on manuscript preparationGenerally, double line spacing, 12 pts font, and Times New Roman are preferred when you type the manuscript for review. This text formatting is provided in order to facilitate referee process and is also required for proper calculation of your manuscript length. Typing your manuscript follows the order: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Main text, Acknowledgements (optional), References (optional), Figure captions, Figures and Tables. Please consult the Guide for Authors for the proper organization of the main text. Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Some journals also require lines to be numbered throughout the manuscript. You will usually want to divide your article into numbered sections and subsections. Present figures and tables at the right places mentioned in the Guide for Authors.Most formatting codes are removed or replaced while processing your article so there is no need for you to use excessive layout styling. Please do not use options suchas automatic word breaking, double columns or automatic paragraph numbering (especially for numbered references). Do use bold face, italic, subscripts, superscripts, etc., as appropriate.2.1 IllustrationsMany journals required that figures and tables to be presented on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. The preferable file formats are: EPS (for vector graphics) and TIF (for bitmaps). However, PDF and MS Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint figures) files are also acceptable. Use file names that enable to identify their contents in terms of figure number and format (e.g. fig1.tif, fig2.eps, fig3.pdf). All artwork has to be numbered according to its sequence in the text. All of them should have captions. Colour figures in printed version require an extra fee for most journals. Generally, no vertical rules (lines) should be used in tables. Illustrations should not duplicate descriptions that appear elsewhere in the manuscript.Please look at .elsevier./wps/find/authors.authors/authorartworkinstructions for more detailed instructions on artwork preparations.2.2 EquationsConventionally, in mathematical equations variables and anything thatrepresents a value appear in italics. You are encouraged to use equation-editing tools such as mathtype to edit equations. Please make use of the numbering and referencing functions.2.3 CitationsThere are different styles of in-text citations and reference lists. DO consult the Guide for Authors to see the given examples. Pay special attention to the format of author names, journal names, publication year, volume and page span.AcknowledgementsThis section is optional.References[1].[2].Figure CaptionsFig.1 Put at this page the collected figure captions. The figure captions should be as brief as possible. It should also contain sufficient information that readers do not need to refer to the main text.Fig.2 Put here the figure caption of figure 2 (also the legend to figure 2).Fig. 3Fig. 1. Sample figure. Do not reduce or enlarge any images after placement in an MS Office application as this can lead to loss of image quality. While inserting vector graphics ensure that you use only truetype fonts. These should preferably be in one, or a combination, of the following fonts: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Symbol, Times.Table 1Sample table: (使用三线表)Parameter Compound 1 Compound 2 a (Å) 4.5832 4.9365Δ E a (eV) 1.745 1.592 ………………a This is an example of a table footnote.关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿1 关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿概述(1) Elsevier旗下共有1300多种期刊。
Elsevier 投稿各种状态总结
1. Submitted to Journal当上传结束后，显示的状态是Submitted to Journal，这个状态是自然形成的无需处理。
2. With editor如果在投稿的时候没有要求选择编辑，就先到主编那，主编会分派给别的编辑。
这当中就会有另两个状态：3. Editor assigned4. Editor Declined Invitation如果编辑接手处理了就会邀请审稿人了。
5. Reviewer(s) invited如果审稿人接受那就会是以下状态：6. Under review这应该是一个漫长的等待。
当然前面各步骤也可能很慢的，要看编辑的处理情况。
如果被邀请审稿人不想审，就会decline，编辑会重新邀请别的审稿人。
7. required review completed审稿结束，等编辑处理。
8. Decision in Process到了这一步就快要有结果了，编辑开始考虑是给修改还是直接拒，当然也有可能直接接受的，但可能性很小，呵呵。
9. Minor revision/Major revision这个时候可以稍微庆祝一下了，问题不大了，因为有修改就有可能。
具体怎么改就不多说了，谦虚谨慎是不可少的。
10. Revision Submitted to Journal又开始了一个循环。
11. Accepted如果不要再审，只是小修改，编辑看后会马上显示这个状态，但如果要再审也会有上面的部分状态。
一步会比较快，但也有慢的。
看杂志的。
还有个状态是Rejected。
希望不要出现。
其他库的状态，基本是大同小异，供参考：In the Rapid Review® system, your manuscript has a different status assigned to it at various stages in the process. Below is a list of the status descriptions used with brief explanations.Incomplete Submission... you have begun the submission process. The submission has been assigned a temporary (TMP) manuscript number. You must complete the submission process.Finish My Submission... by viewing and approving the MS PDF. Once this is done, the submission will be assigned a permanent manuscript number.MS at Check-In... the manuscript is pending a quality check by the staff or editor. This involves verifying that the MS PDF contains a complete manuscript (text, tables, figures, etc.) and is suitable for review purposes.Conversion to PDF in Process... If the manuscript was submitted digitally, the MS PDF did not pass the QC process and is not suitable for review purposes. The staff may be in the process of converting the digital files to a new MS PDF or staff may have requested that the author send new file(s). The Journal Office is waiting for the file(s) to upload for conversion purposes.MS Being Pre-screened... if you submitted a manuscript to a journal whose reviewprocess includes pre-screening, this status indicates that the manuscript (or the abstract) is currently being pre-screened to determine its appropriateness for the journal.MS In Review...the manuscript has been assigned to an editor and may be awaiting reviewer selections, or the awaiting reviews.Decision Pending... the manuscript has been reviewed and the editor is in the process of making a decision.MS in Revision (Optional)... a decision to accept the paper with optional revisions (as suggested in the reviewer or editor comments) has been made by the editor, and a letter requesting these revisions has been sent to the author. Resubmission is anticipated.MS in Revision (Minor)... a decision to accept the paper with minor revisions (as suggested in the reviewer or editor comments) has been made by the editor, and a letter requesting these revisions has been sent to the author. Resubmission is anticipated.MS in Revision (Major)... a decision to reconsider the paper after major revisions (as suggested in the reviewer or editor comments) has been made by the editor, and a letter requesting these revisions has been sent to the author. Resubmission is permitted.MS Rejected...a decision to decline publication has been made by the editor, and a rejection letter has been sent to the author.MS Accepted... a decision to accept the paper has been made by the editor, and an acceptance letter has been sent to the author.MS Withdrawn... the manuscript has been withdrawn at the author's request. No resubmission is permitted. Any further version must be considered as a brand new submission.MS Deactivated... the manuscript has been deactivated due to the author's non-response in resubmitting a revised version or, in some instances, to the editor's invitation to submit a solicited paper.MS Published... the review process is complete and the manuscript is awaiting publication or it has already been published.Invitation/Submit Invited Paper... the editor has extended to you an invitation to submit a paper on a proposed topic. You are asked to reply by using the "Reply to Invitation" button. If you and the editor are in agreement, you can submit the invited paper by using the "Submit Invited MS" button.。
从Elsevier的投稿指南可借鉴的东西
从Elsevier的投稿指南可借鉴的东西从Elsevier的投稿指南可借鉴的东西（1）Elsevier杂志的投稿指南，有人对其进行了全文翻译，尽管有些地方翻译的不是很恰当，但从中我们可以借鉴很多东西，如版权问题，一稿多投问题，图片要求问题等等。
全文如下Guide for Authors 指南作者Submission of manuscripts 提交手稿Types of contribution 类型的贡献Original Research Papers should report the results of original research. 原始的研究论文，应在报告中说明结果的原始研究。
The material should not have been previously published elsewhere, except in a preliminary form.该材料不应此前已在其他地方发表，除在初步形成。
Review Articles can cover either narrow disciplinary subjects or broad issues requiring interdisciplinary discussion. 审查条款可以涵盖或是狭隘学科交叉或广泛性问题，需要跨学科的讨论。
They should provide objective critical uation of a defined subject.它们应当提供客观严谨的评价一项确定的主题。
Reviews should not consist solely of a summary of published data.评语不应当仅仅一个简要的公布数据。
uation of the quality of existing data, the status of knowledge, and the research required to advance knowledge of the subject are essential.质量评价现有的数据，地位，知识和研究所需的先进知识，主题是至关重要的。
Elsevier投稿的一些问题-推荐下载
关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿1 关于Elsevier旗下期刊投稿概述(1) Elsevier旗下共有1300多种期刊。
投稿时采用的是Elsevier Editorial System (EES)投稿系统(2) 审稿时间。
通常不会超过半年，如果半年时间到，部分审稿意见没有返回，期刊社同样会把已返回的意见返回给你。
(3) 版权问题。
一般会通过给你发几个PDF合同，然后你打印出来，用手填写，然后邮寄或者扫描后通过email发给他们。
(4) 投稿模板。
通常很多人都会关心这个问题，这是投稿的第一步。
但是Elsevier旗下期刊对投稿的模板没什么要求，只要你比较注意排版，看着舒服就好。
至于排版，录用后他们编辑会排版，然后让你来校正。
建议，投稿时候不要考虑纸张页数，国外期刊不太关心期刊页数，只要按他们最后的排版不超过30页（好像是30页）一般不会收钱。
(5) 如果投稿论文分成几个部分，在投稿的时候就要分开，按照单独的论文投稿。
不过要在Letter to Editor中要说明这是同一个论文。
(6) Elsevier旗下期刊投稿不收取审稿费，发表也不收取版面费，但超过一定页数会适当收取费用，如果用彩色印刷，也会收钱，他们不收则以，一收就比较多。
(7) 投稿时是否需要把图片和论文主题分开。
这个本来不需要说的，网站上的要求就是如此，需要单独分开上传，但是以我的经验，如果论文图太多，特别是对于国内的网速慢，上传很不方便，可以直接把图放在论文中间，审稿阶段不用考虑图文分开，等录用后再图文分开。
2 Elsevier投稿状态总结(1) Submitted to Journal刚提交的状态(2) Manuscript received by Editorial Office就是你的文章到了编辑手里了，证明投稿成功(3) With editor 如果在投稿的时候没有要求选择编辑，就先到主编那，主编会分派给别的编辑。
这当中就会有另两个状态：1) Awaiting Editor Assignment指派责任编辑Editor assigned是把你的文章分给一个编辑处理了。
Elsevier期刊投稿英文模板(Animal Feed Science and Technology)
123456Rumen lysine escape, rumen fermentation and productivity of7early lactation dairy cows fed free lysine891011121314151617P.H. Robinson a,*, E.J. DePeters a, I. Shinzato b, H. Sato b1819202122a Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA, and23Atlantic Dairy & Forage Institute, Fredericton Junction, NB, E0G 1T0, Canada2425b Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 5-8 Kyobashi I-Chome, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 104, Japan2627282930313233*Correspondingauthor.Tel:530-754-7565;Fax:530-752-0175;EM:**********************3435Submitted to Animal Feed Science and Technology in June 200536Revised and re-submitted in August 2005.37Revised and re-submitted in September 2005.3839Abstract40The primary objective was to quantitate forestomach escape of lysine fed to cows in a free 41form. However since it was expected that a large proportion of the lysine would be degraded in 42the rumen, other objectives were to determine if lysine impacted ruminal fermentation as well as 43determine effects on performance of the cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows, fitted with 44large diameter rumen cannulae between 6 and 8 weeks prior to their projected calving date, were 45assigned in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment between 2 and 4 weeks post-partum. All 46cows were fed the same total mixed ration (TMR) and treatment differences were achieved by 47manually incorporating L-lysine HCl into each cow’s individually weighed allocation of TMR at 48the time of feeding to deliver 0, 1, 2 or 3 g of L-lysine from L-lysine HCl/kg of dry matter (DM) 49intake, although actually delivered lysine values were about 16% higher. As expected, average 50rumen free lysine concentrations increased linearly (P = 0.05) due to increased feeding levels of 51lysine. Rumen pH, N and volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as other organic 52components of rumen ingesta, including those of isolated rumen bacteria, were unaffected by 53lysine feeding. Intake of DM, neutral detergent fibre and crude protein were not influenced by 54increased feeding of L-lysine, as were production of milk and its components. Feeding 55increasing levels of free lysine to lactating dairy cows, in three levels up to 71 g/d, resulted in an 56estimated forestomach escape of lysine of 35 g/kg of lysine fed, a level that is only about 1/6 of 57those reported in previous studies based upon short term pulse dosing and/or feeding studies.58Keywords: lysine, forestomach, escape, rumen59Abbreviations: AA, amino acids; ADF, acid detergent fibre; BCS, body condition score; BW, 60body weight; DM, dry matter; RP, ruminally protected, TMR, totally mixed ration; NDF, neutral 61detergent fibre621. Introduction63It is widely accepted that dairy cows have requirements for amino acids (AA) that must be 64provided in the diet as a supplement to the AA in microbial protein that passes from the rumen.65However due to the lack of commercial availability of ruminally protected (RP) lysine that 66escapes the forestomach undigested, thereby making it available for absorption in the small 67intestine, there is little experimental data to support productive benefits to supplementation of 68dairy rations with lysine.69Previous researchers (Velle et al., 1997, 1998; Volden et al., 1998) have reported ruminal 70escape of lysine that varied from about 100 to 291 g/kg of the lysine dosed, dependent upon the 71level of lysine dosed to the rumen. Such levels, particularly the higher ones, make the use of 72free lysine a potentially economical source of intestinally available lysine. However, the 73method of administration of lysine in all three of these studies, as a pulse dose, may have resulted 74in a relatively high estimate of ruminal lysine escape due to transitorily high concentrations of 75lysine in rumen fluid, which then washed out of the rumen at high levels due to the high passage 76rates of rumen liquids.77The objective of this study was to feed cows unprotected L-lysine HCl, at levels similar to 78Volden et al. (1998), but mixed into the diet, in order to estimate ruminal lysine escape under 79conditions similar to those used in commercial situations. However other objectives were to 80determine if feeding free lysine impacted rumen fermentation and function, forestomach NDF 81digestion, forestomach escape of microbial biomass, and productivity of the cows. This study 82differed from Robinson et al. (2005) only in that the cows were not the same and the corn grain 83fed was fine ground as opposed to coarse cracked. However a second study was deemed to be 84worthwhile in order to increase confidence in all the results obtained.852. Materials and methods86The study was completed simultaneous with Robinson et al. (2005) and so only a brief 87summary of the materials and methods are presented here.882.1. Cows and Design89Five multiparous Holstein cows, due to calve within a 4 week period, were fitted with large 90diameter rumen cannulae (Bar Diamond, Parma, ID, USA) between 6 and 8 weeks prior to their 91projected calving date. During the balance of their dry periods, the cows were fed a herd base 92dry cow ration. At calving, all cows were changed to the postpartum herd base total mixed 93ration (TMR) until their assignment to treatment. As there were no health or calving problems 94with any cow, the cow with the lowest milk yield was dropped. Cows were housed in tiestalls, 95bedded with softwood shavings on rubber mats and provided free access to water.96Cows were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square design between 2 and 4 weeks post-partum.97All cows were fed the same TMR (Table 2), and treatment differences were achieved by 98manually incorporating L-lysine HCl into each cow’s individually weighed allocation of TMR at 99feeding. The TMR was fed at 07:00 h (333 g/kg of daily allocation) and 14:00 h (667 g/kg of 100daily allocation) and the L-lysine HCl was allocated in the same proportions to the individual 101feedings. Treatments were designed to deliver 0, 1, 2 or 3 g of L-lysine from L-lysine HCl 102(Ajinomoto Inc., Tokyo, Japan) per kg of DM intake but, due to the method of estimating 103expected future DM intake, actual values were about 16% higher. Actual lysine delivery levels 104are in Table 3.1052.2. Measurements and analytical methods106Silages and TMR were procured, sampled and assayed as previously described (Robinson et 107al., 2005). Orts were sampled on days 15, 17 and 20 of each period and composited within cow 108and period relative to the weights sampled.109Cows were milked, and milk sampled and assayed, as previously described (Robinson et al., 1102005), as were body weights (BW) and body condition scores (BCS), which were collected at the 111beginning of each experimental period and at the end of the experiment.112A pulse dose of 35 g of Co EDTA, prepared as described by Udén et al. (1980), was 113dissolved in 200 ml of water and manually infused to the rumen through the rumen cannula at 11406:55 h (i.e., immediately before feeding) on day 19 of each experimental period. Rumen fluid 115was sampled at 06:50 h (i.e., immediately prior to Co EDTA infusion), 07:00, 07:30, 08:30, 11609:30, 11:00, 12:30 and 14:00 h on day 19 of each period. Sampling, sample preservation and 117analytical procedures for lysine, Co ammonia N, total N and VFA were as described by Robinson 118et al. (2005).119Samples of rumen fluid were also collected at 09:00 and 13:00 h on day 20 of each period 120and ruminal bacteria were isolated, preserved and assayed as described by Robinson et al. (2005). 121Samples of whole rumen ingesta were collected at 09:00 and 13:00 h on day 21 of each period. 122Samples were collected, preserved and assayed as previously described (Robinson et al., 2005). 1232.3. Calculations124Rumen liquid turnover rate was calculated as the decline of the natural logarithm of the Co 125concentration during the AM feeding period, and the rumen liquid volume was estimated as the 126Co dose infused at 06:55 h divided by the extrapolated Co concentration at t = 0.127Estimated ruminal non-digestion of NDF was determined as the lignin/NDF ratio of the 128rumen ingesta divided by the lignin/NDF ratio of the TMR fed, but assuming 50 g/kg digestion 129(i.e., disappearance) of lignin in the rumen (mean forestomach disappearance of lignin measured 130by Robinson and Sniffen (1985) and Stensig and Robinson (1997)). The size of the rumen 131bacterial N pool was estimated as the N/RNA ratio of isolated ruminal bacteria multiplied by the 132RNA concentration of ruminal ingesta.133An approximate method for calculating ruminal escape of lysine, in the fluid phase, was used 134to estimate (within cow) as the Co estimated rumen volume multiplied by the ruminal Co 135turnover rate multiplied by the mean ruminal lysine concentration during the AM feeding period 136multiplied by 7 (i.e., the number of hours in the AM feeding cycle) multiplied by the µmolar 137weight of lysine (all indicated as treatment mean values in Table 7) as:138139Ruminal lysine escape (g/AM feeding) = ((rumen volume (L) * Co turnover rate (/h) * mean 140lysine concentration (µmol/L) * 7 (h in feeding cycle)) * 0.000146 (lysine µmolar 141weight)142143Proportional lysine escape was estimated by linear regression (see section 2.4), although 144proportional ruminal lysine escape for any treatment can be estimated as:145146Ruminal lysine escape = ruminal lysine escape (g/AM feeding) / lysine fed (g/AM feeding) 147148if rumen escape of free lysine in the control treatment is ignored (or accounted for).1492.4. Statistical Analysis150Data were analyzed as a 4 x 4 Latin square with diet, period and cow as factors using the 151general linear models procedure of SAS (1985). The model used was:152Yijkl = µ +Ti +Pj + Ck + εijkl153where: Yijkl = observation, µ = population mean, Ti = diet effect (I = 1 to 4), Pj = period effect (j 154= 1 to 4), Ck = cow effect (k = 1 to 4) and εijkl = residual error. Linear and quadratic effects 155due to lysine feeding were determined. Significant differences were accepted if P 0.05.1563. Results1573.1 Dietary ingredients, mixed concentrates, and mixed rations158The silages were judged to be of moderate nutritional quality based on relatively high fibre 159concentrations and moderate acid detergent insoluble CP concentrations. All silages were well 160ensiled, as judged by a lack of visible mold or spoilage. Chemical composition of grains and 161beet pulp (Tables 1) are typical (NRC, 2001), with the exception of barley grain, which had a 162relatively low CP and high NDF content, although this was known prior to ration formulation. 163In general, the chemical composition of the TMR (Table 2) was similar to that expected 164based on their ingredient composition and the chemical composition of the ingredients. The SE 165of the nutrient levels, as assessed by individual analysis of the four period samples, was low.1663.2. Feed intake, productivity and body parameters167Intake of DM and its components (Table 3) were not influenced by increased feeding of L-168lysine. Production of milk, and its components (Table 4), was also unaffected by lysine feeding 169as was mean BW and BW change. Mean BCS declined linearly (P < 0.05) with increased 170feeding of L-lysine, although this appears more related to the low SEM than a real treatment 171affect, and change in BCS was unaffected by L-lysine feeding.1723.3. Rumen Function173Rumen pH and VFA concentrations were not influenced by lysine feeding (Table 5), and 174apparent linear increases in both rumen total and ammonia N concentrations in rumen fluid were 175not statistically significant. Organic components of rumen ingesta, as well as isolated rumen 176bacteria (Table 6), were unaffected by lysine feeding.177Rumen volume, and liquid turnover rate, were unaffected by lysine feeding (Table 7). As 178expected, average rumen concentrations of free lysine during the AM feeding cycle (i.e., 07:00 to 17914:00 h) increased linearly (P = 0.05), due to increased feeding of lysine. Treatment differences 180between levels of lysine feeding in the current study largely occurred in the first 3 h after feeding 181(Figure 1), with no differences after this time. Calculated rumen escape of soluble lysine, from 182any source, only increased numerically (P = 0.15) with increased lysine feeding (Table 7).1831844. Discussion185The primary objective of this study was to quantitate forestomach escape of lysine fed in a 186free form in the TMR. However, since it was expected that a substantial proportion of the 187lysine fed would be degraded in the rumen, a second objective was to determine if this lysine 188impacted ruminal fermentation and determine possible impacts on performance of the cows.1894.1. Forestomach lysine escape190While the ANOVA analysis of the estimated forestomach escape of lysine only suggests a 191trend (P = 0.15) to increased escape of free lysine in response to higher feeding levels, regression 192analysis of all sixteen individual period by cow observations (Figure 2) shows that an average of 19335 g/kg of fed lysine escaped rumen fermentation. Clearly this value is much lower than rumen 194lysine escape proportions of 100 to 291 g/kg estimated from short term pulse dosing feeding 195studies of Velle et al. (1997, 1998) and Volden et al. (1998), as well as being somewhat less than 196our previous study (i.e., 74 g/g) that used similar methodology (this may at least partly be 197because the absolute ruminal lysine concentrations achieved at the highest feeding levels, 300 to 198500 μmol/L, are only about 40% of those reported by Volden et al. (1998) and Robinson et al. 199(2005) of 1000 to 1100 μmol/L). Nevertheless the average of 35 g/kg of fed lysine escaping 200rumen fermentation, measured in this study, could still be an overestimate of what might occur 201under practical feeding conditions where lysine would be added to a TMR prior to mixing and so 202could be susceptible to some degradation prior to ingestion by the cow.2034.2. Ruminal fermentation204Levels of free lysine in rumen fluid were sharply increased by feeding increasing levels of 205free lysine. However, the similarity in the composition of the rumen ingesta and rumen 206bacteria, as well as the level of VFA in the fluid phase and the estimated ruminal digestion of 207NDF, in the current study suggests that this lysine did not impact ruminal fermentation. These 208findings of a negligible impact of increased feeding levels of free lysine on rumen fermentation 209are consistent with Bernard et al. (2004), in a study published after the completion of the current 210study, where feeding of 10 g/d of free lysine to Jersey cows had no impact on rumen 211fermentation, as well as our prior study (Robinson et al., 2005).2124.3. Performance of the cows213The lack of difference in performance of the cows with increasing levels of lysine in the diet 214is consistent with the lack of change in ruminal fermentation, as well as estimates of ruminal 215digestion of NDF. In the absence of an increase in ruminal digestion, improved animal 216performance is unlikely unless there is a limitation in post-ruminal supplies of protein and/or 217AA. Thus there could be little expectation that the increased post-ruminal delivery of lysine, at 21834 g/kg of lysine fed (i.e., a maximum of 2.5 g/d), would result in increased milk production 219and/or milk components.2202215. Conclusions222Feeding increasing levels of free lysine to lactating dairy cows, in three levels up to 71 g/d, 223resulted in an estimated ruminal escape of lysine of 34 g/kg of lysine fed, a level that is only 224about 1/6 that of previously published studies based upon short term pulse dosing and/or feeding 225studies and 1/2 of what we reported in an earlier study using similar methodology. In spite of 226the proportionally large (i.e., 966 g/kg) ruminal degradation of free lysine, parameters of rumen 227fermentation, and the composition of rumen ingesta, were unaffected by increased feeding levels 228of lysine, with the exception of rumen lysine. Feed intake and milk production performance of 229the cows was unaffected by feeding free lysine.230231Acknowledgments232This study was completed at the Atlantic Dairy and Forage Institute (Fredericton Junction, 233New Brunswick,Canada). The authors thank Nancy Clark, Graham Allen and the dairy unit 234crew for their input to this study. This study was made possible by a grant from the Ajinomoto 235Co., Inc., Tokyo (Japan).236237References238Bernard, J.K., Chandler, P.T., West, J.W., Parks, A.H., Amos, H.A., Froetschel, M.A., Trammel, 239D.S., 2004. Effect of supplemental l-lysine-HCl and corn source on rumen fermentation and 240amino acid flow to the small intestine. J. Dairy Sci. 87, 399-405.241Edmonson, A.J., Lean, I.L., Weaver, L.D., Farver, T., Webster, G., 1989. A body condition 242scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72, 68-78.243National Research Council, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th revised ed. 244National Academic Science,, Washington, DC, USA.245Robinson, P.H., DePeters, E.J., Shinzato, I., Sato, H., 2005. Influence of feeding free lysine to 246early lactation dairy cows on ruminal lysine escape, rumen fermentation and productivity. 247Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118, 201-214.248Robinson, P.H., Sniffen, C.J., 1985. Forestomach and whole tract digestibility for lactating 249dairy cows as influenced by feeding frequency. J. Dairy Sci. 68, 857-867.250SAS Inc., 1985. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 4.18 Edition. SAS Inc., Cary, NC, 251USA.252Stensig, T., Robinson, P.H., 1997. Digestion and passage kinetics of forage fiber in dairy cows 253as affected by fiber-free concentrate in the diet. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 1139-1352.254Udén, P., Colucci, P.E., Van Soest, P.J., 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as 255markers in digestion rate of passage studies. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31, 625-632.256Velle, W., Kanui, T.I., Aulie, A., Sjaastad, O.V., 1998. Ruminal escape and apparent 257degradation of amino acids administered intraruminally in mixtures to dairy cows. J. Dairy 258Sci. 81, 3231-3238.259Velle, W., Sjaastad, O.V., Aulie, A., Gronset, D., Feigenwinter, K., Framstad, T., 1997. Rumen 260escape and apparent degradation of amino acids after individual intraruminal adminstration to 261cows. J. Dairy Sci. 80, 3325-3332.262Volden, H., Velle, W., Harstad, O.M., Aulie, A., Sjaastad, O.V., 1998. Apparent ruminal 263degradation and rumen escape of lysine, methionine, and threonine administered intraruminally 264in mixtures to high-yielding cows. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 1232-1240.265Chemical composition of the forages, grains and beet pulp 267268Timothy silage a Alf/timothysilage bBarleygrainCorngrainBeetpulpDry matter (g/kg) 303 347 864 872 890105o C DM (g/kg)Organic matter 933 921 973 983 917Neutral detergent fibre 633 538 225 121 418Acid detergent fibre 355 372 nd c nd ndLignin d24 59 nd nd ndCrude protein 123 153 114 102 101Calcium 3.1 10.7 1.4 0.7 8.3Phosphorus 3.0 3.1 3.8 3.0 0.8Potassium 22.4 18.8 5.7 3.9 5.8Magnesium 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.3 2.5Sodium 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 105o C DM (g/kg)Zinc 44 41 31 31 24Iron 194 241 45 38 587Manganese 77 53 27 15 39Copper 5 6 5 7 5269a Estimated from botanical composition to be 970 g/kg timothy and 30 g/kg other grasses.270b Estimated from botanical composition to be 450 g/kg (as is basis) timothy, 450 g/kg alfalfa, and 271100 g/kg other grasses.272c Not determined.273d Sulphuric acid procedure.274275277Ingredient and chemical composition of the mixed ration fed278Total Mixed Ration S.E.Ingredient Composition105o C DM (g/kg)Timothy silage 322Alfalfa/timothy silage 67Beet pulp, pellets a84Barley grain, rolled 95Corn grain, fine ground 250Megalac b21Canola meal, solvent 26.7Corn gluten meal 20.7Soybean meal, solvent 74Soypass c13.8Yeast culture d 2.0Dicalcium phosphate 2.4Limestone 11.3Magnesium oxide 1.0Se-Mar 200e 1.2Dynamate f0.8Sodium bicarbonate 3.9Trace mineralised salt g 2.8Vitamin premix h0.35Dry matter 468 16.4Chemical Composition105o C DM (g/kg)Organic matter 929 0.9Neutral detergent fibre 404 14.8Acid detergent fibre 230 6.0Lignin i17 0.9Crude protein 150 6.6Calcium 8.5 0.51Phosphorus 3.9 0.04Potassium 15.2 0.61Magnesium 2.5 0.10Sodium 1.9 0.18105o C DM (mg/kg)Zinc 49 1.4Iron 202 5.3Manganese 57 4.7Copper 8 0.3279a Beet pulp pellets were soaked with an equal volume of water for 3 - 4 h prior to preparation of the TMR. 280b Church and Dwight Company, Princeton, NJ, USA.281c Lignotech USA, Overland Park, KS, USA.282d Diamond V Mills Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA, USA.283e Se-Mar 200 contains 200 mg/kg of Se (Central Soya Ltd, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada).284f Dynamate contains 220 g/kg S, 180 g/kg K and 110 g/kg Mg (Pitman Moore Inc., Oakville, Ontario, 285286Canada).g Guaranteed analysis: 360 g/kg Na, 600 g/kg Cl, 1600 mg/kg Fe, 5000 mg/kg Mn, 7500 mg/kg Zn, 2500 287288mg/kg Cu, 70 mg/kg I and 40 mg/kg Co (Shur-Gain Feeds Inc., Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada).h Guaranteed analysis: 10,000,000 IU/kg Vitamin A, 1,500,000 IU/kg Vitamin D and 15,000 IU/kg 289290Vitamin E (Shur-Gain Feeds Inc., Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada).i Sulphuric acid procedure.291292Impact of increasing levels of lysine supplementation on feed intake and l-lysine intake 294295296Treatment aP0 1 2 3 SEM linearquadDry matter (kg/day) 20.94 21.90 20.93 21.11 0.236 0.79 0.35 Dry matter (g/kg BW) 36.1 37.4 36.0 36.3 <0.01 0.73 0.38 Organic matter (kg/d) 19.45 20.35 19.45 19.62 0.221 0.80 0.36 Neutral detergent fibre (kg/day) 8.46 8.81 8.48 8.50 0.127 0.84 0.45 Neutral detergent fibre (g/kgBW)14.5 15.1 14.7 14.6 <0.01 0.79 0.23Crude protein (kg/day) 3.15 3.24 3.11 3.11 0.036 0.34 0.45 L-lysine b (g/day) 0 24.3 48.4 71.0 1.78 <0.01 0.78 L-lysine b (g/kg DM intake) 0 1.20 2.32 3.42 0.055 <0.01 0.63 297a Target grams of L-lysine, as L-lysine HCl, added per kg of DM intake. See lower line of this Table for 298exact levels delivered.299b Added L-lysine only.300301Impact of increasing levels of lysine supplementation on productivity and body parameters303304305Treatment aP3 SEM linear quad1 2Production (kg/day)Milk 40.07 40.70 40.58 40.09 0.804 0.99 0.69 Protein 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.16 0.024 0.85 0.83 Fat 1.35 1.27 1.41 1.38 0.035 0.38 0.75 Lactose 1.82 1.85 1.86 1.84 0.040 0.88 0.75Milk composition (g/kg)Protein 28.8 28.6 28.9 28.9 0.16 0.62 0.74 Fat 33.4 31.4 34.7 34.4 0.66 0.23 0.48 Lactose 45.5 45.4 45.8 45.8 0.13 0.29 0.79 Urea N 0.142 0.157 0.138 0.142 0.0031 0.40 0.36 Gross N efficiency b0.359 0.357 0.369 0.371 0.0046 0.17 0.78 Body weightMean (kg) 582 594 592 586 9.1 0.89 0.55 Change (kg/d) -0.6 0.1 -0.9 -1.3 0.47 0.38 0.53 Body condition scoreMean (units) 2.92 2.86 2.88 2.85 0.005 <0.01 0.11 Change (units/week) 0.11 0.10 -0.04 0.08 0.050 0.51 0.44306a Target grams of L-lysine, as L-lysine HCl, added per kg of DM intake. See Table 3 for exact levels 307308delivered.b Grams of N in milk per kg N consumed.309310Impact of increasing levels of lysine supplementation on rumen metabolite concentrations312313314Treatment1P3 SEM linear quad1 2pH 6.60 6.63 6.68 6.60 0.014 0.50 0.07 Nitrogen (mg/l)Ammonia 63.5 68.7 72.1 73.8 4.76 0.34 0.83 Total 279.5 285.7 280.8 307.3 10.62 0.33 0.58 Volatile fatty acids (meq/l)Acetate 47.8 50.1 48.7 55.1 1.43 0.09 0.42 Propionate 20.7 19.9 19.1 23.4 0.68 0.17 0.07 Isobutyrate 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.05 0.50 0.09 Butyrate 9.5 9.9 9.3 10.8 0.51 0.39 0.60 Isovalerate 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.05 0.28 0.50 Valerate 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.05 0.12 0.28 Total 80.8 83.1 80.2 92.6 2.55 0.12 0.28 3151Target grams of L-lysine, as L-lysine HCl, added per kg of DM intake. See Table 3 for exact levels 316delivered.317318Impact of increasing levels of lysine supplementation on rumen ingesta and bacterial composition 320321322Treatment aP1 2 3SEMlinear quadRumen ingesta compositionDry matter (g/kg) 184 177 179 195 4.4 0.31 0.18Neutral detergent fibre (g/kgDM)626 619 642 642 8.7 0.27 0.80Lignin (g/kg DM) 61 59 61 62 0.9 0.45 0.45Lignin/neutral detergent fibre 0.097 0.095 0.094 0.096 0.0013 0.80 0.44Crude protein (g/kg DM) 149 149 152 149 3.3 0.95 0.76RNA (mg/g OM) 19.6 12.3 14.6 14.7 2.80 0.54 0.45Rumen bacteria compositionN (g/kg OM) 92.1 91.5 93.3 95.4 1.43 0.29 0.59 RNA (mg/g OM) 137.0 133.5 128.3 135.5 9.13 0.88 0.73 N/RNA (g/mg) 0.68 0.75 0.77 0.74 0.060 0.63 0.64323a Target grams of L-lysine, as L-lysine HCl, added per kg of DM intake. See Table 3 for exact levels 324delivered.325326Impact of increasing levels of lysine supplementation on calculated rumen liquid volume and 328turnover, forestomach neutral detergent fibre digestion, rumen bacterial N pool, and rumen lysine 329escape330331332Treatment aP3 SEM linear quad0 1 2Rumen liquid pool bVolume (l) 87.5 98.0 94.7 90.1 4.55 0.89 0.36Turnover (proportion/h) 0.194 0.230 0.202 0.184 0.0084 0.35 0.10NDF digestion and bacterial N poolNDF digestion (g/kg NDF intake) 0.543 0.533 0.540 0.537 0.0052 0.75 0.71Bacterial N pool (g/kg ingesta N) 0.534 0.279 0.434 0.407 0.0589 0.60 0.28 Rumen lysine cConcentration (μmol/l)50.7 80.1 59.9 109.4 8.94 0.05 0.520.9 1.9 1.2 1.8 0.17 0.15 0.61Forestomach escape (g/AMfeeding)333a Target grams of L-lysine, as L-lysine HCl, added per kg of DM intake. See Table 3 for exact levels 334delivered.335b Calculated from Co EDTA dilution.336c Total lysine. These values represent the AM feeding cycle (i.e., 07:00 h to 14:00 h) only.337338339Fig 1. Rumen lysine concentrations during the AM feeding cycle as influenced by level of 340feeding (g/kg DM intake/day) of free L-lysine. [SEM ranged from 1.2 to 54.2; linear and 341quadratic effects were not significant (i.e., P > 0.05) at all times]342343344345346347348349350。
投稿要求
Elsevier投稿的电子文档大体要求，谁能翻译一下啊。
除了第一条能看懂，其他都不懂，谢谢了————————————————General points• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.• Only use the following fonts i n your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.• Provide captions to illustrations separately.• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version. • Submit each figure as a separate file.确保在稿件中使用统一的字母和字号• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.稿件插图以“graphics”格式存储• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.确保在稿件中只使用如下字体：Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. 给插图按照在文章中的出现顺序依次编号• Use a logical naming conventi on for your artwork files.对你的稿件文件夹进行符合逻辑的命名（不是很准确）• Provide captions to illustrations separately.分别对每副图表提供图题图注• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.尽量按照印刷版大小和尺寸提供图片• Submit each figure as a separate file.投稿时每个图片要作为单独文件递交楼主，回答的这么辛苦，给点金币奖励一下吧~还有，建议楼主加强英语学习，无论是投稿还是科技文献阅读，多加强学习没坏确保在插图中使用一致文字样式和插图尺寸• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.插图中的文字应保存为图片，或者嵌入字体• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.在插图中仅使用如下字体：Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. 插图中序号应与其在文中出现顺序一致• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.插图原文件命名要合理，有意义（比如说，不要搞个19283BIEGLY.tiff)• Provide captions to illustrations separately.单独提供图表的标题（就是说应该有一页写captions of figures, captions of tables)• Produc e images near to the desired size of the printed version.生成图片文件的尺寸应接近及打印的理想尺寸• Submit each figure as a separate file.投稿时每个图片要作为单独文件递交Elsevier期刊网上投稿指南本文来自：博研联盟论坛2007年03月25日星期日 10:37 A.M.Elsevier期刊提供了在线投稿的作者服务（Author gateway），服务网址：。
投稿须知问题汇总
1．Supply illustrations at the size they are to be printed, usually 76 mm wide (single column of text) or for especially large figures 161 mm (two columns of text). The intermediate width of 100 mm is also available should neither of these suffice.图的宽度一般为76mm，特别大的图可以用161mm宽，这个正好是一个版面的宽度，76mm就是其一半左右的宽度（一栏的宽度）。
居中的图也可以是100mm宽度。
2．Do not put a box around graphs, diagrams or other artwork.图的四周不要加框，excel画的图周围就有框，要去掉。
3．Ensure that lettering is appropriately sized –should correspond to 8 or 9 pt when 指的字号大小。
我们汉语里经常是五号字，四号字等。
这是英文的要求。
都在相同的栏下改。
此杂志要求是8、或9号字。
4．We ask authors to state all possible conflicts of interest, including financial and other relationships. If you are sure that there is no conflict of interest, please state this. You might like to look at an editorial in the British Medical Journal on Beyond conflict of interest (/cgi/content/short/317/7154/291). Remember that sources of funding should be acknowledged in your paper.本编辑部提请所有文稿作者注明一切可能的“利益冲突” (conflicts of interests). 包括(作者研究科题的)资金来源及其它(关连)关系. 尚若作者确信无利益冲突, 请明确注明“无利益冲突” (No conflicts of interests).请注意:作者应在文稿中注明课题资金来源．关于基金资助有的杂志是在利益冲突中申明（包括每个基金是谁的，都要写清）。
ELSEVIER翻译成中文的投稿须知
利益冲突：所有的投稿人都必须披露从其交稿前三年中可能产生不良影响的且与其工作相关的现实或潜在的利益纠纷，包括任何财务，个人或与其他人或其他组织的关系。
参见提交声明：提交一篇文章意味着该文章所述工作尚未发布，（可以以摘要的形式发布，或作为学术演讲的形式发布），而且也没有考虑在其他地方出版。
如果该文章被接受，它的出版需要得到所有作者和主管部门的同意。
而且除非得到了版权持有人的书面同意，不能以其他形式出版（无论英文或其他语言，纸质还是电子版）。
作者保有的权利：作为作者（或作者的雇主、机构），您将保留一定的权利，详细情况请参见：对资金来源的作用请确定谁为研究提供金融支持，或为文章的准备工作提供帮助，并简要介绍赞助者在文章撰写工作中的作用，诸如研究方案设计、数据收集、分析和解释，报告的撰写，以及决定文章提交等等。
请参阅语言和语言服务请使用良好的英语进行写作（美国式或英国式的英语都可以被接受，但不是两种风格的混合物）。
作稿件提交：稿件的提交完全通过网络提交，您将得到逐步的引导并建立和上传您的文件。
该系统将源文件自动转换为一个PDF格式的文件，该文件将用在同行审评过程中。
请注意，即使稿件的源文件在提交审查的过程中被转换为PDF格式的文件，这些文件在被接受后仍需要作进一步处理。
所有的联系，包括通知编辑的决定，关于修改的要求，都通过电子邮件来进行，这样省去了纸张的传递和处理。
提交您的文章：审稿人：请随稿件提交三个推荐审稿人名单，包括他们的名字，地址和电子邮件地址。
请注意，编辑保留是否采用所建议的审稿人的权利。
编辑过程：编辑为刊物的取稿政策负责，与编辑委员会的成员进行咨询。
通常每篇文章将受到两名独立的匿名审稿人的审查和评论，作者将收到这些评论的副本，使作者能够在出版前修订和改善他们的手稿。
编辑和出版者将尽一切努力以确保文章的及时出版。
准备工作论文的种类：包括原始性研究论文，当前技术综述，短通讯，快速出版的信件（最多两页），给编辑的信，新闻，'工作进展'（最大长度2页），calendar inserts（这个calendar inserts不知道是什么意思，请大侠告诉我）。
Guide for Authors (Chinese Version)-050426
CARBON――Guide for Authors(作者指南) 此中文指南为Carbon—Guide for Authors的中文版。
英文指南可在Elsevier 出版社的网页处下载：/GuideForAuthors.html?PubID=258&dc=GFA, 或/esubmit/carbon/。
关于此中英文“作者指南”也可查阅中国科学院金属研究所成会明研究小组网页：。
稿件的种类稿件内容需是原始性研究工作，主要研究由芳香碳原子或四面体碳原子组成的碳质固体及由其获得的材料的化学、物理和技术。
这些材料包括焦炭、活性炭和热解炭（含炭黑和烟墨）、金刚石、石墨、纳米碳管和富勒烯等。
关于碳化物、碳氮化物、高分子等方面的稿件一般不予接受，除非这些材料是多相材料中的一个组分，而且该多相材料的主要组分是碳或碳相被用作前驱体。
关于有机物质包括煤的稿件也只有在其作为炭材料的前驱体时才会被考虑。
稿件需以足够完整的形式传递新知识，并且在科学信息方面不得有缺陷，例如，所使用的材料和工艺。
投稿作者需将稿件利用Elsevier出版社的“在线投稿系统”（/carbon或/esubmit/carbon）投稿给主编P. A. Thrower教授。
然后稿件将被分配给另一个编辑处理。
Editor-in-Chief:Prof. P.A. ThrowerEmail: p.thrower@Editors:Dr. T. BurchellEmail: burchelltd@Prof. H.-M. ChengEmail: carbon@Prof. T. EnokiEmail: tenoki@chem.titech.ac.jpProf. Robert H. HurtEmail: Robert_Hurt@Prof. T. KyotaniEmail: kyotani@tagen.tohoku.ac.jpDr. M. MonthiouxEmail: marc.monthioux@cemes.frProf. C. R. ParkEmail: crpark@snu.ac.krProf. F. Rodriguez-ReinosoEmail: reinoso@ua.es该投稿系统自动将论文源文件（一般为Word文件）转换为PDF文件供评审过程使用。
elsevier authorship factsheet -回复
elsevier authorship factsheet -回复实际上，根据提示给出的[elsevier authorship factsheet]，我们旨在帮助您解答有关作者资格和要求的问题。
为了帮助您更好地了解这方面的内容，下面我将一步一步地回答您的问题。
【第一步：Elsevier作者资格及要求简介】Elsevier是全球最大的学术出版商之一，拥有广泛的学术期刊和图书资源，覆盖各个学科领域。
作为Elsevier的作者，您需要了解以下几个方面：1.作者资格要求：作为文章的合适作者，您应该满足以下条件：- 您在研究中做出了重要的贡献；- 您对研究的设计、数据收集和分析有所了解；- 您能够独立地解释和解析结果；- 您可以全面和准确地报告研究结果。
2.共同作者：在一篇论文中，可能有多个被认可为共同作者的人。
共同作者之间应有明确的合作关系，并且都对论文的设计、实施和结果有重要贡献。
共同作者通常都会在论文的署名部分列出，并且按照其贡献大小有相应的排序。
【第二步：作者的权利和义务】作为一名作者，您有一些特权和责任，这些将决定您对论文的负责程度：1.知识产权：作为作者，您创造的知识将成为您的知识产权。
这意味着您在知识产权方面享有一定的权益，包括对其使用和分享的控制权。
2.责任和诚信：您应该对研究的准确性和完整性负责。
这意味着您要确保研究的数据和结果是真实可靠的，不进行不正当操作或造假。
3.合规性：作为作者，您需要遵守学术道德、伦理规范和相关法律法规。
这包括诚实、透明、避免剽窃和抄袭，以及保护研究对象的隐私和权益。
【第三步：作者篇幅归属】当您选择向Elsevier提交论文时，您可能会关心以下几个问题：1.署名权：作为主要作者，您有权要求论文中署名，并作为论文的第一作者列出。
共同作者在论文中的署名顺序可以根据其贡献大小进行排序。
2.版权转让：一旦您的论文被Elsevier接受，并最终发表，您可能需要签署版权转让协议。
Elsevier 投稿各种状态总结
Elsevier 投稿各种状态总结From /u2/85704/showart_2263346.html附录文章投稿状态Elsevier 投稿各种状态总结1. Submitted to Journal当上传结束后，显示的状态是Submitted to Journal，这个状态是自然形成的无需处理。
2. With editor如果在投稿的时候没有要求选择编辑，就先到主编那，主编会分派给别的编辑。
这当中就会3. Editor assigned4. Editor Declined Invitation如果编辑接手处理了就会邀请审稿人了。
5. Reviewer(s) invited如果审稿人接受那就会是以下状态：6. Under review这应该是一个漫长的等待。
当然前面各步骤也可能很慢的，要看编辑的处理情况。
如果被邀请审稿人不想审，就会decline，编辑会重新邀请别的审稿人。
7. required review completed审稿结束，等编辑处理。
8. Decision in Process到了这一步就快要有结果了，编辑开始考虑是给修改还是直接拒，当然也有可能直接接受的，9. Minor revision/Major revision这个时候可以稍微庆祝一下了，问题不大了，因为有修改就有可能。
具体怎么改就不多说了，10. Revision Submitted to Journal又开始了一个循环。
11. Accepted如果不要再审，只是小修改，编辑看后会马上显示这个状态，但如果要再审也会有上面的部分国外期刊投稿、审稿过程以及常用术语1. Author 作者如何在线投稿？在线投稿大致步骤：Step 1: Log In 登陆The login page gives you three options:1. Log in with your known User ID and Password 用户名和密码2. Check to see if you have an existing account 确认是否已经注册过3. Create a new account 没有就注册一个Step 2: Enter your Author Center 进入作者中心To begin a new submission, check a previous submission, continue a submission begun ear 认是新投，还是投修改稿Step 3: Inside Your Author Center 在个人的作者中心里面Existing manuscripts are found in one of three areas: 包括三个区域（这个每个杂志可能有Manuscripts to be Revised 需修改稿Partially Submitted Manuscripts 部分上传稿Submitted Manuscripts 已上传稿To start a NEW manuscript submission, choose “Submit First Draft of New Manuscript”Step 4: Entering Data 输入资料The following screens ask you to enter each piece of data associated with your manuscri manuscript, but needs to be entered in this format in order to make the system search notifications only. You cannot enter text into the Manuscript Data Summary table – s 提示一步一步输入Press “Save and Continue” at the bottom of each screen in order to save all of your wo your work will not be saved. 继续时选择保存和继续，如果点击back或者forward，原来输入Step 5: Upload Your Manuscript 上传文稿The File Manager is the area where you upload your files. Click on the Save and Conti Click on the Browse button in step #1. Locate your file and click on the name of the file t with the file name in step 浏览选定你电脑中要上传的稿件 #2. Select file is for review or must be made “yes” available for review in step #3. Click the blue upload button in Please refer to the “Author Instructions” for each specific journal to determine the Jo prior to submitting. You will not be able to change it once it’s submitted. 一定要看Yo ur original file will be stored and will be located under “Original Files / Files not will create files and place them under “Files for review.” You can make changes in s to your uploaded files. Click on "Save and Continue". 如果没有选择审稿，将不会被编辑看Step 5: Submit Your Manuscript 上传Click on “View uploaded files” - always view your proof carefully prior to submittin close the file, close the View uploaded files window and click on “Submit your manusc screen. You will also receive an e-mail confirmation that you can save for future refe 到你的邮箱。
在Elsevier上发表文章的作者指南
作者指南自由模式在你开始之前出版业的道德规范有关出版业道德规范的信息参见A和A中的伦理准则。
利益冲突：所有的投稿人都必须披露从其交稿前三年中可能产生不良影响的且与其工作相关的现实或潜在的利益纠纷，包括任何财务，个人或与其他人或其他组织的关系。
参见A，更深层次的信息的利益冲突的形式可参见A.提交声明和核实提交一篇文章意味着该文章所述工作尚未发布，（可以以摘要的形式发布，或作为学术演讲的一部分的形式，或者以学术论文，或者以电子预定本的形式发布，参见A），而且也没有考虑在其他地方出版。
如果该文章被接受，它的出版需要得到所有作者和主管部门的同意。
而且除非得到了版权持有人的书面同意，不能以同样的形式出版（无论英文或其他语言，纸质还是电子版）。
为了证明独创性，你的文章可能被独创性检测服务测试检验，参见A。
对作品来源作者的改变这一政策是关于已被接受的原稿中作者名字的增添，删减以及名字顺序的重排。
在被接受的稿件发表在网上之前，对于增添，删减，或重排作者名字的要求，必须发送到被接受稿件中有关作者的杂志管理者处，其内容必须包括(a) 作者名字被增加，删减或被重排的原因(b) 所有同意名字增添，删减，或重排的作者的书面确认（电子邮件，传真，信函），在作者被增添或删除的情况中，包括被增添或删改的作者的确认。
那些要求没有发送给相关作者而是由相关作者的杂志管理员提出的人，必须遵循的步骤，注明（1）杂志管理者是由杂志主编告知这一要求（2）直到作者同意，被接受的稿件才能发表到网上。
在被接受的稿件发表到网上之后：任何对于被发表文章中作者名字的增添，删减和重排的要求，将同样遵循上述政策并注明此处为被更改后的结果。
文章转接服务这本杂志是文章转接服务中的一方。
这意味着如果主编感觉你的文章更适合于我们同盟杂志中的任何一家，你将被建议考虑转投给这种另外一家杂志。
如果你同意，将自动以您的名义并不需要任何改动，更多的信息您可以参考A.版权该杂志提供作者对于发表的他们研究的选择：开放式访问或订阅。
Elsevier期刊网上投稿指南
Elsevier期刊网上投稿指南Elsevier期刊提供了在线投稿的作者服务（Author gateway），服务网址：。
向Elsevier期刊投稿，有几种情况：一是在作者服务网址（author gateway）上一次注册后，点击submit online to this journal按钮就可以对多种期刊直接进行网上投稿；二是有些刊不接受author gateway上注册的作者对该刊进行网上投稿，也就是说在点击submit online to this journal按钮后显示该刊不接受在author gateway注册的用户进行网上投稿，这时需要重新在该刊主页进行注册后方可对该刊进行网上投稿；三是有些刊根本不接受网上投稿，需要邮寄纸本的稿件过去。
每一种刊都有其自己的投稿规则，在投稿前请先到具体期刊主页阅读如何投稿及投稿地址，这里一般都有“Guide for Authors”及其它相关信息提供给作者。
图1：期刊主页作者指南网上投稿对于前两种可以接受网上投稿的情况，关于如何投稿，下面将一一做具体介绍。
一、网上投稿情况1：在author gateway上一次注册后，点击submit online to this journal按钮就可以直接对多种期刊进行网上投稿，具体投稿步骤如下：z进入作者投稿服务网址：；z新作者需要进行注册；（create a profile）z阅读跟自己学科相关的期刊的投稿指南，然后选定要投的期刊；(find a journal) z点击进入所选期刊的页面，然后点击右侧橘黄色的Journal Services下的Submit online to this journal进入网上作者投稿服务；z投稿后可以跟踪稿件处理状态。
(author login)1、 进入author gateway ：图2：Author Gateway 的页面2、新作者注册：create a profile点击Author Gateway 首页上左侧的create a profile 进行注册，如果做投稿用的话需要填写所有项目。
elsevier投稿要求翻译总结
Elsevier(SCI) 投稿要求翻译总结1. 正规文章：5000-7000字；2. 文本应为：（1）单栏格式。
文本布局尽可能简单；（2）不要使用文字处理软件的自带选项来调整文本或者断字功能（应该就是对齐和换行的时候的设定问题）；（3）可以使用加粗、斜体、下标，上标等；（4）不要把公式和表格做成图片格式放到文本中，而是使用文字处理软件的自带功能（诸如表格功能和公式编辑器）；（5）当制表时，不要画竖线，每列只有一个横线隔断（应该就是我们常用的三横线表格）；（6）一般是双倍行距，font11或12也就是小四号字。
图和表单独放在文尾的位置（来自其他网络）3.结构安排：表；；等等。
使用这个编码也是为了内部的交叉参考，如见“”而不能写成“见本文”。
任何的次级部分都要有一个简短的标题；每个标题都应当单独起行。
4. 缩写：在这个领域中不是标准常见的缩写需要给出定义，以脚注的形式在文章中的第一页。
这样的缩写应当避免出现在摘要中，如果出现了需要马上给出定义，并同时需要标在脚注中。
确保所有的缩写在整篇文章中的统一性。
5. 致谢：应出现在文章最后的部分，在参考文献之前，不要把这些作者包含在题目页中，不要以脚注或其他的形式出现。
列出这些个人对研究的支持，例如包括提供了语言帮助，写作协助，或者提供阅读服务., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.6. 单位：按照国际公认的规则和惯例：使用国际单位制（SI）。
如果提到其他单位，请给出他们和SI之间的当量关系。
7. 公式：简单的公式放在正常文本的一行内，使用斜杠代替水平的直线，例如X/Y；按照原则，变量应当用斜体表示出来；e的n次方一般用exp表示；如果有的公式不能当成文本放置在文字中，应该作为单独一行列写，并进行编号。
8. 脚注：尽量少使用脚注；全文应当连续标注的号码，使用上标Arabic numbers，使用word 自带工具就可以；讲脚注标注在正式文本中，要与文章最后分开；不要将脚注放在参考文献里；在表格中的脚注需要用上标lowercase letter字号；9. 图片：确保每个插图有一个标题。
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Elsevier(SCI) 投稿要求翻译总结1. 正规文章：5000-7000字；2. 文本应为：（1）单栏格式。
文本布局尽可能简单；（2）不要使用文字处理软件的自带选项来调整文本或者断字功能（应该就是对齐和换行的时候的设定问题）；（3）可以使用加粗、斜体、下标，上标等；（4）不要把公式和表格做成图片格式放到文本中，而是使用文字处理软件的自带功能（诸如表格功能和公式编辑器）；（5）当制表时，不要画竖线，每列只有一个横线隔断（应该就是我们常用的三横线表格）；（6）一般是双倍行距，font11或12也就是小四号字。
图和表单独放在文尾的位置（来自其他网络）3.结构安排：表；；等等。
使用这个编码也是为了内部的交叉参考，如见“”而不能写成“见本文”。
任何的次级部分都要有一个简短的标题；每个标题都应当单独起行。
4. 缩写：在这个领域中不是标准常见的缩写需要给出定义，以脚注的形式在文章中的第一页。
这样的缩写应当避免出现在摘要中，如果出现了需要马上给出定义，并同时需要标在脚注中。
确保所有的缩写在整篇文章中的统一性。
5. 致谢：应出现在文章最后的部分，在参考文献之前，不要把这些作者包含在题目页中，不要以脚注或其他的形式出现。
列出这些个人对研究的支持，例如包括提供了语言帮助，写作协助，或者提供阅读服务., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.6. 单位：按照国际公认的规则和惯例：使用国际单位制（SI）。
如果提到其他单位，请给出他们和SI之间的当量关系。
7. 公式：简单的公式放在正常文本的一行内，使用斜杠代替水平的直线，例如X/Y；按照原则，变量应当用斜体表示出来；e的n次方一般用exp表示；如果有的公式不能当成文本放置在文字中，应该作为单独一行列写，并进行编号。
8. 脚注：尽量少使用脚注；全文应当连续标注的号码，使用上标Arabic numbers，使用word 自带工具就可以；讲脚注标注在正式文本中，要与文章最后分开；不要将脚注放在参考文献里；在表格中的脚注需要用上标lowercase letter字号；9. 图片：确保每个插图有一个标题。
标题和图片分开，而不是将标题放到图片中。
标题应包括一个简短精确的名称以及图片的描述。
将标题中的文字保持在最低限度，但需要解释标题中的所有的符号和缩写。
10. 图片里的文字要求：把图中的文字应和图一起存为“图片”格式，而不是游离的文本格式或者附上文本的字体大小。
这通常是指你另外用插入文本功能输入的文本，你应该将你插入的文本框与主图片组合成一张图片（利用“组合”功能），这样你插入的文本框就会和主图片一起移动了，不然移动时就会分家。
请单独提供每张图的标题。
大多是期刊要求将所有图的标题列在一起放在正文后，不跟随图片一起。
请提供与印刷版本大小相匹配的图片。
就是考虑一个图片与版面大小协调问题，不要太大或太小，要符合版面美观要求。
11. 表：表的编号要按照在文本中的顺序出现；讲脚注加在表格本身的下方，用上标小写字母标注；表中不能有竖线；确保在表内出现的数据不要再文字中出现；12. 文章题目：简明并提供出信息。
标题经常用于信息检索系统，要避免简短和任何的客套语/公式13. 作者：姓不能是模糊地，需要明确指出来，是否存在双姓。
写出单位（现在的实际的工作在哪完成的），都写在名字的下方；写出所有的作者，用小上标的形式在作者的后面，并在地址的前方也标注出来这个上标；提供每一个作者的邮寄地址，包括国家、姓名、邮箱。
14.通讯作者：明确指出谁将负责所有的发表过程和邮寄。
确保电话和传真号码（国家和地区代码）的提供，还有邮寄地址。
所有联系的细节都应当提出出来。
15.现在/永久地址：如果作者完成了论文中所述研究工作后跳槽了，或者是外出访问，那么应该在作者的名字后脚注上作者的现在地址。
作者完成论文所述工作的那个单位必须保留为主体和联系地址。
这种脚注用阿拉伯数字进行标识。
16.摘要：应当简洁、事实确凿。
摘要应当标明研究目的、主要结果、主要结论。
不应当有参考文献，但是如果非要写，那么可以引用作者和年份。
同样，非标准的和不普遍的缩写应当避免，但是如果非要写的话，应当在第一次提到的时候就进行定义。
17.关键词：关键词放在摘要的后面，最多提供6个关键字，使用美式拼写、避免一般性的术语以及歧义（例如，应避免“and，“of）。
只有当一个缩写在该领域被广泛接受时，才可以作为关键词。
关键词主要用于检索目的。
18.理论部分：应该为对已介绍的其他文章中理论进行进一步延伸和发展，而不是重复。
并为要开展的工作奠定理论基础。
计算部分为根据理论依据进行的实际发展。
19.讨论：应该探讨的工作结果的重要性，而不是讲述工作的结果。
通常可以将结果和讨论部分合并。
避免就已引用和发表的文献进行讨论。
20.结论：结论部分应该将研究的主要结论进行展示，该部分可以单独为文章的一个部分，也可以和讨论及结果部分合并。
21.附件：如果有超过一个的附件，他们都应该用A,B,等识别出来。
如果有公式和等式在附件中，那么应当标注出来，Eq., Eq. 等等。
在下一个附件中，如果有的话，那么就标注Eq.等等。
同样地，图和表也标注出来Table ; Fig. ,等等。
22.资助来源的作用：请确定谁为研究提供金融支持，或为文章的准备工作提供帮助，并简要介绍赞助者在文章撰写工作中的作用，诸如研究方案设计、数据收集、分析和解释，报告的撰写，以及决定文章提交等等。
如果有提供的funding，那么所有的funding来源都要说明。
这种声明应当独立于文本并放在参考文献之前。
作者应当描述赞助商的作用，如果可能，在研究设计、分析、数据解释中的作用，或者在报告中的撰写过程中，在递交文章的过程中的作用。
23.参考文献要求1：在文中引用文章必须在文中进行标注，并在参考文献中列写出来；摘要中的参考文献必须全部列写出来；未公布的研究成果及个人通讯不建议在参考文献中列写出来，但可以在文中提及；参考文献应该遵循该刊物标准参考文献的风格，对尚未出版的文章或“个人通信”作为参考文献，标上“in press”意味着该文章已被接受等待发表；24.参考文献要求2：最低要求就是讲完整的URL网址出来，以及最后该网页最后发布的时间；如果知道DOI、作者姓名、日期、发表源等等，也应该给出更多具体的信息；网页的参考文献可以单独列出来，例如在所有正规的参考文献的后面并重新起个标题，或者就可以列在正常的参考文献中去。
25.参考文献要求3：如果参考文献是来自同一个特刊的文章，那么可以用“this issue”字样；26.文本中的参考文献样式：注明引用的号码（与文章中方括号中的编号相对），如[]；实际作者可以在文章中提及，参考号码必须给出；例如："..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."27.参考文献列表：按照参考文献在文章中出现的顺序进行编号和排序；引用期刊:[1] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2010;163:51–9.Reference to a book:引用书中的内容：[2] Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 4th ed. New York: Longman; 2000. Reference to a chapter in an edited book:[3] Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age, New York: E-Publishing Inc; 2009, p. 281–304.注意：应当简化最后一页的页码，如51-59，就写成51-9即可；如果作者超过6个，那么就在参考文献中列出6个，然后写“et al.”28.请通过以下网址进行稿件提交：29.审稿人：请随稿件提交三个推荐审稿人名单，包括他们的名字，地址和电子邮件地址。
请注意，编辑保留是否采用所建议的审稿人的权利。
30.投稿前需要检查的清单：通讯作者都应当有的信息E-mail address 邮箱地址Full postal address 完整的邮寄地址Telephone and fax numbers 电话和传真所有必要的文件都需要上传，并包括:Keywords 关键词All figure captions 所有插图名称All tables (including title, description, footnotes) 所有表（包括标题、描述、脚注）进一步考虑Manuscript has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'手稿已被“拼写检查”和“语法检查”References are in the correct format for this journal参考文献符合本期刊的正确格式All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa 在参考文献中中列写了文本中引用的所有文献，反之亦然Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)具有许可版权的资料的使用应当已经获得许可（包括网上资料）Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print如果使用的是彩色图片，那么应当清楚的标明将会在网页或者纸质稿中进行彩色印刷；或者在网站上免费用彩色，在印刷中用黑白色If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes如果只需要在网页上使用彩色，那么表明黑白版的图片也同样用于印刷目的。