历届高考英语常用词词性转换及派生

常用词词性转换及派生
词义动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 反义词其他派生词
使能够enable ability/disabili
ty
able disable
disabled/una
ble
不正常
的
abnormal normal
缺席absence absent
学术的academy academic
加速accelerate acceleration
接受accept acceptance acceptable unacceptable 接进access access accessible
住宿accommo
date
accommodati
on
积累accumula
te
accumulation
陪伴accompa
ny
company
精确的accuracy accurate inaccurate 达到，
获得
achieve achievement achievable
获得，acquire acquisition
习得
表演，行动act
action /act
/activity
active inactive
actual/actuall
y
适应，
改编
adapt adaptation
增加，a dd addition additional
足够adequacy adequate
调整/
使适应
adjust adjustment
敬佩admire admiration admirable
承认admit admission
收养，
采纳
adopt adoption adopted
前进advance advance advanced
好处advantage disadvantage
事故accident accidentally
使上瘾a ddict addition addicted
/addictive
addict
做广告advertise advertisement advertiser 影响,打
动
affect effect
机构 agent
agency 侵略，侵犯 aggression aggressive aggressor 农业 agriculture agricultural
同意 agree agreement agreeable disagree disagreement 分配 allocate allocation 允许
allow
allowance allowable 使吃惊 amaze amazement amazing/amaz ed 抱负 ambition ambitious 逗乐、娱乐 amuse
amusement
amusing/amus ed 分析 analyze analysis 生气
anger
angry
通知
announce announcemen
t
使烦恼 annoy annoyance
annoying/anno yed
期望 anticipate anticipation 焦虑，焦急
anxiety
anxious
anxiously
鼓掌applaud applause
约定appoint appointment 道歉apologize apology
出现appear appearance disappear disappearanc e
申请apply applicant application
欣赏appreciat
e
appreciation appreciable
靠近，
方法
approach approach approachable
批准；
认可
approve approval disapproval 争吵，
争论
argue argument arguable
安排arrange arrangement
到达arrive arrival
评估，
评价
assess assessment
帮助assist assistant/assis tance
联系associate association
假定，
假设
assume assumption
确保assure assurance
使惊讶astonish astonishment astonishing(ed)
运动员athlete athletic
原子atom atomic
附上，
依恋
attach attachment
吸引attract attraction attractive unattractive attractively 知道的awareness aware unaware
烤bake bakery
平衡balance balance balanced
以…为
基础
base basis，base basic basement 洗澡bathe bath bathtub
生，忍受bear birth bearable unbearable
birthday/birth
place
美化beautify beauty beautiful beautifully 开始begin beginner beginning 表现behave behavior
相信believe belief believable unbelievabl believably
e
有益的benefit beneficial
背叛betray betrayal
盲的blindness blind blindly
流血bleed blood bloody bleeding(n.) 使烦闷bore bored/boring
勇敢bravery brave bravely
简洁的brief briefly
打碎break broken
呼吸breathe breath breathless breathlessly 晒，烧burn burnt
忙碌business busy businessman 计算calculate calculation
有能力的capability/cap
acity
capable
关心，喜欢care care careful/careless
carefully/care
lessly
偶然的casual casually 小心caution caution cautious
庆祝celebrate celebration celebrated celebrity 中心centre central
挑战challenge challenge challenging
改变change change changeable unchangeabl e
特点character characteristic （&n.）
欢呼cheer cheer cheerful cheerfully 化学chemistry chemical chemist 小孩child childish childhood 选择choose choice chosen
文明的civilize civilization civilized
澄清clarify clarification
分类classify class classic/
classical
classification
靠近的close closely 关闭close close closed
收集collect collection collective
结合combine combination
舒适comfort comfort comfortable uncomfort
able
discomfort
商业commerce c ommercial 承诺commit commitment
沟通communi
cate
communicatio
n
communicativ
e
陪伴accompa
ny
company/com
panion
比较compare comparison comparable comparative
赔偿compens
ate
compensation
竞争compete competition/
competence
competitive competitor
抱怨complain complaint
信心confidence confident confidential
关心；有关concern concern concerned
unconcerne
d
concerning
总结conclude conclusion 指挥conduct conductor
使混淆confuse confusion confusing/con fused
祝贺congratul
ate
congratulation
连接connect connection connected
意识consciousness conscious unconsciou
s
后果consequence consequent consequently 保存，
保护
conserve conservation conservative
考虑consider consideration considerate considerable 构建construct construction
咨询consult consultant
消耗consume consumption
矛盾contradic
t
contradictory
贡献contribut
e
contribution
方便，便利convenience convenient
inconvenie
nt
inconveniently
习俗convention conventional 使相信convince convincing 纠正correct correction correct
腐败corruption corrupt
鼓励encourag
e
courage courageous discourage encouragement
覆盖cover cover covered uncovered
创造create creation creative creativity
犯罪crime/
criminal
criminal
批评的criticize critic/criticis
m
critical
拥挤的crowd crowded
残忍cruelty cruel
文化culture cultural
好奇的curiosity curious
骑自信
车
cycle cyclist recycle
危险endanger danger dangerous endangered 死die death dead deadly
决定decide decision decisive
宣布declare declaration
装饰decorate decoration
防卫，
保护
defend defence
定义define definition
故意的deliberate deliberately 高兴delight delight delighted delightful
投递deliver delivery
要求demand demand demanding
否认，
拒绝
deny denial
离开depart departure
依赖depend dependence dependent independent independence 沮丧depress depression depressed
深deepen depth deep deeply
描述describe description
绝望的desperation desperate desperately 破坏destroy destruction
决定determin
e
determination determined
发展；
晒相
develop development developed developing 献身，
奉献
devote devotion devoted
区别,不同differ、
differenti
ate
difference different differently
困难difficulty difficult
指挥，指示direct
direction/dire
ctor
direct directly
使失望disappoin
t
disappointme
nt
disappointing(e
d)
使泄气discourag
e
discourageme
nt
discouraging(ed
)
发现discover discovery
歧视，区分discrimin
ate
discrimination
讨论discuss discussion
恶心disgust disgust disgusting/ed
距离distance distant
分配distribute distribution
打扰disturb disturbing
分开，
分成
divide division divided
捐献donate donation
喝drink drinker drunk
昏暗的dusk dusky
灰尘dust dusty
经济economy economic/ economist
economical
编辑edit edition editor
教育educate education/ed
ucator
educational
效率efficient efficiency 年长的elder elderly 选举elect election
电electricity electric/
electronic
electrical
优雅elegance elegant
尴尬embarras
s
embarrassmen
t
embarrassed/in
g
紧急emergency emergent 情绪emotion emotional
强调emphasiz
e
emphasis
雇用employ employment employed unemployed employer(ee)
鼓励encourag
e
encouragemen
t
e ncouraging/e
d
结束end end/ending endless 活力，energy energetic
享受enjoy enjoyment enjoyable joyful 扩大enlarge large
询问enquire enquiry
进入enter entry/entrance
娱乐entertain entertainment
热情enthusiasm enthusiastic
环境environment environmental environmenta list
嫉妒envy envious
平等equate/
equal
equality equal unequal equally
设备equip equipment
评估，
评价
evaluate evaluation
迹象evidence evident
进化evolve evolution
确切exact exactly 例外exception except
使兴奋excite excitement excited/excitin g
展出
exhibit exhibition
存在exist existence
期望,预
期
expect expectation expected unexpected unexpectedly 花费expense expensive
经历experien
ce
experience experienced
解释；
说明
explain explanation
爆炸explode explosion explosive
探索explore exploration/ex plorer
暴露，
揭示
expose exposure
出口export export import 表达express expression
延长，
延伸
extend extension
极端的extreme extremely 面对face face facial
失败fail failure
忠诚faith faithful
名声，
fame famous
名望
时尚fashion fashionable
感觉feel feeling
最后final finally
财政;金
finance finance financial
融
牢固的firm firmly
健康，
fitness fit
适合
灵活
的，有
flexibility flexible
弹性的
流畅fluency fluent fluently 雾fog foggy
跟踪；
follow following
跟着
愚弄fool fool foolish
外国的foreigner foreign
忘记forget forgetfulnes
s
forgetful（健忘
的）
forgettable(易忘
记的)
unforgettable
运气fortune fortunate unfortunate misfortune 建立found foundation
脆弱fragility fragile
芬芳fragrance fragrant
自由free freedom free freely
使结冰freeze freezing frozen
频繁frequency frequent frequently 朋友friend friendly friendship
使惊恐frighten fright frightened /frightening
霜frost frosty
乐趣fun funny
陈设,布
置
furnish furniture furnished well-furnished 大体的general generally
慷慨generosity generous
基因gene genetic
礼物，
才能
gift gifted
地球globalize g lobe global globalization 光荣glory glorious
统治；
管理
govern governor government 优雅grace graceful
逐渐的gradual gradually
毕业graduate graduation graduate
感激gratitude grateful
问候，
招呼
greet greeting
成长，
增长
grow growth
指导guide guidance
内疚，
罪行
guilt guilty
手hand hand handy
快乐，幸福happiness happy unhappy
happily/unha
ppily
使变硬harden hardship hard hard(adv)
伤害harm harm harmful harmless
和谐harmony harmonious
恨hate hatred hateful
健康health healthy healthily
听力hear hearing
高height high highly 高度地帮助help help helpful helpless
犹豫hesitate hesitation hesitant
历史history historic historical
诚实honest honesty
希望hope hope hopeful hopeless hopelessness 恐怖；
horror horrible horribly
惊恐
幽默humor humorous
饥饿hunger hungry hungrily
身份identify identity identification
无视，
ignore ignorance ignorant
忽视
合法legal illegal legally
说明，
illustrate illustration
阐明
想像imagine imagination imaginative imaginary（想象的）
模仿imitate imitation
移民immigrat
e
immigration immigrant
重要importance important unimporta nt
可能possibility possible impossible impossibility 印象impress impression impressive
提高；
改良
improve improvement
包含，
包括
include including 工业industry industrial industrially 感染infect infection infected
膨胀，
夸大
inflate inflation inflated
告知inform information
伤害injure injury injured
清白，
无辜
innocence innocent
创新innovate innovation 检查，
视察
inspect inspection
鼓舞，激发inspire inspiration
inspired/inspiri
ng
立刻instant instant instantly 指示/
教育
instruct instruction instructive instructor 保险insure insurance
智力intellect intellectual/int
elligent
intelligence
打算，
想要
intend intention intentional 互动，
相互作
用
interact interaction
兴趣interest interest interested/inter esting
口译；
解释
interpret interpretation interpreter 打断interrupt interruption
采访interview interviewer/ee
介绍，
引进
introduce introduction
发明invent invention inventor
调查investigat
e
investigation
邀请invite invitation
involve involvement involved
工作job jobless
欢乐joy joyful
判断judge judge judgment 正义justify justice
善良kindness kind
知道know knowledge known unknown well-known 大enlarge large
笑laugh laughter
懒惰laziness lazy lazily
领导；引导lead
leader/leaders
hip
leading mislead（v)
学习learn learner learned 长lengthen length long
解放liberate liberation/liber ty
可能like likely unlikely
有限的limit limit limited limitaition 文学literature literary literally
生活live life live/lively living/ alive 位于locate location be located in
逻辑logic logical illogical
loosen loose loosely
损失；
失败
lose loss lost
魔术，
魔法
magician magic magic
成熟mature immature 幸运luck lucky
主要的major major majority
管理manage manager management 结婚marry marriage married unmarried
药medicine medical
大量mass massive
意思mean meaning
记忆memorize memory memorial
精神的mental mentally 仁慈mercy merciful
把...搞
乱
mess mess messy
迁移migrate migration
最小量minimum maximum
少数minority minor
悲惨misery miserable
误会misundersta
nd
misunderstan
ding
misunderstoo
d
understand
understandin
g(n.)
错误mistake mistake mistaken
道德的moral immoral
刺激motivate motivation motivated
山mountain mountainous
移动;前
进
move movement moving moved 泥mud muddy
相乘multiply multiple
谋杀murder murder/mur derer
音乐music musical musician 神秘的mystery mysterious
名字name name namely(adv)
国家;民族nation/
nationality
national international
自然nature natural unnatural naturally 必需的necessity necessary unnecessary necessarily 谈判negotiate negotiation
紧张的nerve nervous nervously 喧闹的noise noisy noisily
正常的normal abnormal normally 数量number numerous
营养nutrition nutritious
服从，
听从
obey disobey
物体，
宾语
object objective
观察observe observation observable
占据occupy occupation occupied
冒犯offend offence offensive defend
官方office official officer
运作，操作operate
operation
/operator
operative cooperate
反对oppose opposition opposite
选择option optional
组织organize organization organized organizer 起源originate origin original
痛苦pain painful painless
惊慌panic panic panicky
参与participate participation participant 耐心patience patient impatient
和平peace peaceful
表演，
表现
perform performance performer 允许permit permission
人person personal personality /personally
劝说persuade persuasive
哲学的philosophy philosophical
物理physics physical
取悦please pleasure pleased pleasant 毒药poison poisonous
礼貌politeness polite impolite
政治politics political politician
污染pollute pollution pollutant（污染物）
流行popularity popular
拥有，
持有
possess possession
可能possibility possible impossible 力量power powerful
实践practice practice practical
祈祷pray prayer
预测predict prediction predictable unpredicta ble
宁愿，
情愿
prefer preference preferable
准备prepare preparation prepared unprepared
处方prescribe prescription
展示present presentation presenter 保护preserve preservation
压力press pressure
防止prevent prevention preventable
价格price priceless
优先prior priority
监狱prison prisoner 步骤proceed procedure
生产produce production productive product，producer
职业，专业profession professional
unprofessi
onal
professor
促进，
提升
promote promotion
发音pronounce pronunciatio n
建议propose proposal
保护protect protection protective protect or 证明prove proof
骄傲pride proud
心理psychology psychological psychological ly
出版publish publication
惩罚punish punishment
困惑puzzle puzzle puzzled/puzzlin
g
资格qualify qualification qualified unqualified
种族race racial racism/racist 放射radiation radioactive
反应react reaction
意识，
实现
realize realization real reality/really
理论reason reason reasonable unreasonab le
接收receive receiver/
reception
receipt/recep
tionist
意识recognize recognition
推荐recommen
d
recommend
ation
恢复recover recovery
提及，
查阅
refer reference referee 反射，
反映
reflect reflection reflective
拒绝refuse refusal
看作regard regards regardless regarding
区域region regional
登记register registration
规律regulation regular irregular 拒绝reject rejection
关系relate relation related relative
/relationship
放松relax relaxation relaxing，relaxed
有关系
的
relevant irrelevant 依靠rely reliability reliable unreliable 欣慰relieve relief relieved
宗教religion religious
剩余remain remains remaining
移动remove removal
代表represent representati
ve
representative
要求require requirement
解救、
拯救
rescue rescue rescuer 相似resemble resemblance
保存reserve reservation
辞职resign resignation
抵抗，
排斥
resist resistance resistant irresistible 回应respond response
责任responsibilit
y
responsible
irresponsib
le
尊敬respect respect respectful respectable 方面respect respective respectively 限制restrict restriction restricted
退休retire retirement retired
复习，评论review/revi
se
revision reviewer
修订revise revision
抢劫rob robbery
粗鲁，
无礼
rudeness rude rudely 安全safety safe
盐salt salty
满足satisfy satisfaction satisfied/satisfyin
g
satisfactory
缺乏的scarce scarcely
吓唬scare scared scary
科学science scientific scientist
安全secure security secure insecure
选择select selection selected
自己self selfish unselfish selfless
感官sense sensitive insensitive sensitivity
分开separate separation separately
为…服
serve service servant 务
安定，
settle settlement settled settler
居住
severity severe severely
sex sexual/sexy
羞愧，
shame shameful shameless ashamed 羞耻
尖，锋
sharpen sharpener sharp sharply 利
刮shave shaver
缺乏shortage short
疾病sick sickness
看见see sight insight(n)
签字sign signal/signat ure
重要significance significant 安静silence silent
相似similarity similar
简单simplify simplificatio
n
simple simply
真诚sincerity sincere sincerely 技巧skill s killed/skillful
奴隶slave slave slavery 睡觉sleep sleep sleepy
闻smell smelly
顺利smooth smoothly 下雪snow snowy
社会socialize society social socialist, socialism
解决solve solution
悲伤sorrow sorrowful
特别的specialist special specialize 精神spirit spiritual
稳定stability stable
污点stain stainless
（使）
挨饿
starve starvation
陈述state statement statesman 储藏store storage store(n) 陌生的stranger strange
强，有
力
strengthen s trength strong
压力stress stress stressed stressful 风格style stylish stylist
主体subject subjective
顺从submit submission
订阅subscribe subscription
成功succeed success successful
遭受suffer suffering
建议suggest suggestion
适合suit suitable
总结summarize summary
卓越的superior super/superb /superior
支持support support supportive supporter
围绕surround surrounding
s
surrounding
幸存survive survival survivor 象征symbolize symbol symbolic
同情sympathize sympathy sympathetic
系统system systematic
口味，
品味
taste taste tasty tasteless 技术technique technical technology 倾向tend tendency
紧张tension tense
恐怖terrify terror terrified/terrifyin
g
terrorism/ter
rorist
理论theory theoretical
盗窃thief theft
渴thirst thirsty
想，思
想
think thought thoughtful thinking 威胁threaten threat
使兴奋thrill thriller thrilled thrilling 使劳累tire tiredness tiring, tired tiresome
忍受tolerate tolerance/to
leration
tolerant/
tolerable
intolerant
/intolerabl
e
触摸touch touch touched touching
旅游,巡演tour tour
tourism/touri
st
传统tradition traditional
变形，变化transform
transformati
on
transformer
翻译translate translation translat or
对待，治疗treat
treat
/treatment
treaty
麻烦trouble troublesome
真实的trust truth true truly 尝试，
审讯
try trial
麻烦trouble troublesome
真实的truth true truly 类别type typical typist
理解understand understandi
ng
understandable
宇宙universe universal university 催促urge urge urgent
使用use use useful/useless user
通常usual usually
有效的validity valid invalid
价值value value valuable valueless Invaluable 类别vary variety various
违反，
触犯
violate violation
暴力violence violent violently 火山volcano volcanic
志愿volunteer volunteer voluntary voluntarily
侍候wait waiting waiter/waitre ss
温暖warm warmth warm
警告warn warning
浪费waste waste waste wasteful 挥动wave wave wavy
弱weaken weakness weak
财富wealth wealthy
每周week weekly
疲惫wear worn
重量weigh weight
宽widen width wide widespread 愿意will will willing unwilling unwillingness 智慧的wisdom wise
皱纹wrinkle wrinkled
奇迹wonder wonder wonderful
木wood wooden
羊毛wool woolen
担心worry worry worried
糟糕的worse worsen
价值worth worthless worthwhile/ worthy
伤害wound wound wounded
年轻youth young youngster 拉链zip zipper。