第十章 翻译与辞格

10.1 比喻 10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor）
• 3) 卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行证， • 高尚是高尚者的墓志铭。 • 4) 一切都变了，她的最亲密的文城变 成了死城。 她的老父亲变成了活在地狱 的“人鬼”。
10.1 比喻 10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor）
• 2. 根据需要，暗喻采用意译译成明喻： She is a fox. He is a weathercock. She ‘s a nightingale when she sings. He dashed out like an arrow. He is a goose.
10.4 夸张
• 3) 为了让兄弟们的肩头 • 担起整个大地，摇醒千万个太阳 • 4）父亲严厉的话语几乎把她吓死，再也 不敢说出实情。
10.4 夸张
• 2. 语言表达习惯的差异，意译 • 1) She is a girl in a million. • 2)妈妈对小明说：“下次你再不及格， 看我不拧断你的脖子！”
10.3 拟人
• 4) 田野的秩序变得井井有条， • 土地把债务都已还清， • 谷子进仓了，泥土休憩了， • 自然舒一口气，吹来了爽风。
10.3 拟人
• 2. 有时意译更符合译文表达习惯 • 1) The ship sadly caught fire and the plans to make her a floating museum died in the smoldering embers. • 2) 春天正向我们走来。
10.1 比喻 明喻（simile)与暗喻（metaphor)
• 明喻：as, like, as if, as though等 • 1，直译（保留原文中的比喻词）： • 例1）The Red Man has ever fled the approach of the White Man, as the morning mist flees before the morning sun. • 2) Today is fair. Tomorrow may be overcast with clouds. My words are like the stars that never change.
10.2 转喻
• 1. 直译 • 1) Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? • 2) Only one thing will solve this case— the little grey cells of the brain. • 3) What they could not solve with words, they solved with bloodshed.
• 3) 在这里，他比不上一盏街灯；比不上 橱窗里的一个仿古花瓶；比不上挂在壁 上的一副乱涂的油画；比不上掠身而过 的一身紫色的衣裙；比不上眼上的蓝圈， 血似的红唇；更比不上牵在女士们手中 的那条小狗。
• 4）我不相信天是蓝的； 我不相信雷的回声； • 我不相信梦是假的； 我不相信死无报应。
• 2. 为避免单调枯燥，译文适当调整，更 具文采。 • 1）They are rich; they are famous; they are surrounded by the world’s most beautiful women. They are the world’s top fashion designers and trendsetters.
10.1 比喻 10.1.2 暗喻（metaphor）
• 1. 直译： • 1) Now if death be of such a nature, I say that to die is gain; for eternity is then only a single night. • 2) Three years’ jungle life had turned him into a wild beast.
10.1 比喻 10.1.1明喻（simile)
• 3. 由于文化上的差异，有的as…as…结构用意 译法： • as clear as day • as clear as a bell • as clear as a whistle • as bold as brass • as black as one’s hat • as bald as a coot
10.1 比喻 明喻（simile)与暗喻（metaphor)
• 3) 老榕树的影子，也越来越看得更清 楚了。—真像一位登高而望归人的老者 呢。 • 4) 他突然高声大笑，好像说了什么笑 话似的。
10.1 比喻 10.1.1 明喻（simile)
• 2. 英语中的as…as…结构大多直译成汉语: as white as snow as cold as ice as blind as an owl as cheap as dirt as busy as a bee as beautiful as the sun
10.6 呼告
• 4) 只要有无边的大地 • 只要有无涯沧海 • 骏马啊，任你奔腾 • 白鸥啊，任你翻飞 • 5）残雪啊，你是丑恶势力决不甘心退隐 的明证；也是它摆脱不掉败亡命运的象 征。
10.7 反语
• 1，为保留讽刺效果，直译 • 1) You gave her good advice, and broke her heart. That was the beginning of your reformation. • 2) You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party.
10.2 转喻
• 2. 意译 • 1) John spent many years in chains before he saw his family again. • 2) Have I in conquest stretch’d mine arm so far • To be afeard to tell greybeards the truth?
10.5 讳饰
• 2) 听说他是刚从那里面出来的。 • 2.译入语没有字面上与原文对应的委婉语， 采取功能上与之对等的委婉语，意译。 • 1） The doctor was fiercely condemned by some for what he referred to as helping people in dying.
10.5 讳饰
• 1.译入语中有字面上对应的委婉语，直译 • 1）On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep—but forever.
10.8 排比
• 1. 直译保留原文排比的感染力和气势，译文采 取排比的形式。 1)Voltaire waged the splendid kind of warfare. The war of thought against matter, the war of reason against prejudice, the war of the just against the unjust. 2)They know their underground labor is a game of chance; a roll of the dice; a spin of the wheel.
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10.3 拟人
1. 直译法再现原文的生动形象 • 1) To its residents, Vesuvius was a benefactor – not an enemy. But without any warning, Mount Vesuvius roared to life. • 2) And certainly, whenever the wind blew, the Reed made the most graceful curtseys. 3) Crime burst in like a flood; modesty, truth, and honor fled.
10.5 讳饰
• 2) 他在回家的路上遭遇到不测。 • 3）May I go to the bathroom? • May I use the facilities? • I’m going to my private office. • 3. 中西方忌讳的对象不完全相同，有时 采取不带讳饰的意译。
• 2) 在台湾，每当我想起我的故乡，我就 一定会想起那座无名的小山，一定会想 起那株古老的榕树，也就一定会想起似 乎还依然挂在那树梢上的我的风筝。
10.4 夸张
• 1. 直译保留原文的感染力 • 1） “At’em,all hands—all hands!” he roared, in a voice of thunder. • 2) Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces.
10.7 反语
• 3) 你感冒了？叫你多穿点你不听，我还以为你 真的不怕冷呢！ • 4) 当她听说自己被解雇了，她生气地说：“好 极了！” • 2，若直译会引起误解时，采用意译。 • 1）瞧瞧你干的好事。 • 2）The French and the English were so ardent about art that they sent their armies to search for invaluable paintings and sculptures all around the world.
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第十章 翻译与辞格
• • • • 英汉对译： 比喻（comparison) 反语 （irony) 转喻 （metonymy) 排比 （parallelism) 拟人（personification ) 设问 （question and answer) • 夸张 （hyperbole) 反问 （rhetorical question) • 讳饰 （euphemism) 借代 （antonomasia) • 呼告 （apostrophe
10.5 讳饰
• 1）He put the dog to sleep. • 2) 他先她而去了。
10.6 呼告
• 保留原文中的强烈的抒情效果，直译 • 1）And love, young men, love and venerate the ideal. • 2) O you kind gods, • Cure this great breach in his abused nature! • 3) Exult, O shores! And ring, O bells!