[英语学习]翻译理论与实践汇编
翻译理论与实践教学课件
02 翻译技巧与实践
CHAPTER
理解与表达
理解
准确把握原文含义，包括词汇、语法 、语境等，是翻译的基础。
表达
将理解后的信息用目标语言表达出来 ，要求准确、流畅、符合目标语言习 惯。
直译与意译
直译
按照原文的词句、结构进行翻译，保留原文形式和意义。
意译
不拘泥于原文形式，以传达原文意义为主，更注重译文的流畅性和自然度。
03 翻译教学策略与方法
CHAPTER
翻译教学目标的设定
提高学生翻译技能
01
通过系统的翻译训练，帮助学生掌握基本的翻译技巧和方法，
提高翻译水平。
培养跨文化意识
02
引导学生理解不同文化背景下的语言差异，培养跨文化交流的
能力。
培养职业道德素养
03
强调翻译的准确性和规范性，培养学生的职业道德素养和责任
04 翻译实践案例分析
CHAPTER
文学翻译案例
总结词
注重语言艺术和文化内涵
VS
详细描述
文学翻译案例主要涉及诗歌、小说、戏剧 等文学作品，强调语言的美感和文化内涵 的传递。在翻译过程中，需要关注原文的 艺术风格、修辞手法和情感色彩，力求在 译文中保留原作的艺术魅力。
商务翻译案例
总结词
注重专业性和准确性
采用传统的讲授、练习和讨论相结合 的教学方法，确保学生掌握基本的翻 译知识和技能。
案例教学法
通过分析真实的翻译案例，让学生了 解实际翻译过程中遇到的问题和解决 方法。
合作学习法
组织学生进行小组合作，共同完成翻 译任务，培养学生的协作能力和团队 精神。
信息技术应用
利用现代信息技术手段，如在线学习 平台、智能翻译软件等，提高教学效 率和学生的学习效果。
翻译理论与实践(英译汉)
——余光中
要想提高学生的翻译能力，最重要的是引导学生通过对比来研究两种语 言的特点。……我们的学生，母语就掌握得不好，外语更差，他们的汉
语和英语都是分开学的，从来没有作过比较，以为汉语可以这么说，英
语也可以这样说，而往往意识不到英语不一定能像汉语那样说，而有其
特有的说法。要解决这个问题，最好的办法就是引导学生进行两种语言
a. a. The criminal was hanged. b. b. Clark used to be an army officer, but he is in prison now. c. c. Hadn’t the dam been built, there would have been a terrible
Modern English is both analytical and synthetical, while Chinese is typically synthetical.
synthetic language V.S. analytic language
世界上的语言大致可以分成两类：综合型语言 （synthetic language）和分析型语言(analytic language)。所谓综合型语言是指这种语言主要通过词 本身的形态变化来表达语法意义，包括格、数、时等， 如拉丁语、俄语、德语和古英语。现代英语是从古英语 发展而来的，仍然保留着综合型语言的某些特征，但已 逐渐向分析型语言演变过渡。所谓分析型语言是指这种 语言中的语法关系主要不是通过词本身的形态来表达， 而是通过虚词、词序等手段来表示，汉语就是以分析型 为主的语言。
flood.
2. Lexical difference
2. articles and quantity words 冠词与量词
汉英翻译理论与实践
汉英翻译理论与实践（理论与实践部分）前言模块-1：绪论第一章接近汉英翻译：翻译基本概念与程序【内容层次为（下同）：a. 语言知识/ 翻译基础知识；b. 翻译理论/ 技能/ 技术；c. 精译练习；d. 泛译练习/双语阅读；e. 补充阅读】第二章作为相关学科的汉英语言对比：词、句层面模块-2：汉英翻译基础：句子层次第三章汉英翻译常用译法（1）：句法翻译法第四章汉英翻译常用译法（2）：词语、习语汉英翻译第五章汉英翻译常用译法（3）：转类、重复、加减、正反和变通处理第六章汉英翻译常用译法（4）：汉语长句英译及拆句与合句第七章汉英翻译常用译法（5）：英语小句应用于汉英翻译第八章汉英翻译常用译法（6）：英语句子风格与汉译英交际修辞模块-3：汉英翻译基础：语篇层次第九章汉英语篇翻译概论：以认知语言学语篇观为基础第十章实践汉英语篇翻译：汉英语篇翻译实例分析（包括翻译补偿）模块-4：实用文体汉英翻译：以功能为取向第十一章功能翻译理论：基本翻译原则第十二章新闻汉英翻译：文体特点与翻译第十三章科技汉英翻译：文体特点与翻译第十四章商务汉英翻译：文体特点与翻译第十五章旅游汉英翻译：文体特点与翻译第十六章基于功能分析的翻译评析：翻译恰当性和翻译错误模块-5 文学汉英翻译：研读、评析与试笔第十七章文学翻译传统与理论第十八章汉英文学翻译赏析：散文（基于句法翻译法；基于功能翻译理论）第十九章汉英文学翻译赏析：小说（基于句法翻译法；基于功能翻译理论）第二十章汉英文学翻译试笔模块-6 汉英翻译理论与实践（汉英翻译实验部分）I.1、翻译技术与资源【实验指导书按单元编写，含实验目的及翻译环境条件、实验构成/过程、实验报告。
】2、汉英翻译基本技巧（1）3、汉英翻译基本技巧（2）4、汉英翻译基本技巧（3）5、汉英翻译基本技巧（4）6、汉英语篇翻译II.1、新闻汉英翻译2、科技汉英翻译3、商务汉英翻译4、旅游汉英翻译5、文学汉英翻译参考译文参考文献。
翻译理论与实践 (文稿)
翻译理论与实践复习资料应英081班痞子第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则一、翻译的定义1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flaver.( Columbia Encyclopedia)2. Translating consists in reproducing in the recepter language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
（孙致礼 2003：6 ）二、翻译的原则1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize “faithfulness”! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance. (译事三难，信，达，雅。
求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉)Faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text.Expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. Elegance means the translated text should keep the style of the original.① Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war。
英汉翻译理论与实践PPT课件
改译：从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、 河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。
不能逐字死译 All that glitters is not gold. 原译：所有光辉灿烂的都不是金子。 改译：所有光辉灿烂的并非都是金子。 He sleeps late. 原译：他睡得晚。 改译：他起得晚。 I shall not expect you until I see you. 原译：我不期待你直到我见到你。 改译：你随便什么时候来吧。
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
刘重德：信、达、切
faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness
傅雷：传神论/神似说
Transference of soul or spirit
“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的 不在形似而在神似。”
译文同原文在内容上一致，这叫“意似”，是 翻译的最低标准。译文同原文如果能在形式 上和精神上同时一致起来，或称“形似”和 “神似”，这是翻译的高标准。
贸易、文化、和平、人道等都离不开翻译，翻译在 历史上从未如此不可或缺……请大家试想一下，世 上一日无翻译会怎样……都将鸦雀无声。翻译工作 者就象电线中的电流，水管中的水流。
翻译理论与实践
通过众包平台邀请多人对译文进行评估，以获得更全面、客观的评估结果。众包评估可以降低成本，提 高效率，但需要注意评估人员的专业性和质量控制。
提高翻译质量的途径
提高语言能力
加强源语言和目标语言的学习，提高语言水平， 包括词汇、语法、句式和修辞等方面的能力。
掌握翻译技巧
学习和掌握各种翻译技巧和方法，如增译、减译 、转译、分译等，以提高翻译的准确性和流畅性 。
文化传递
在翻译过程中注意文化的传递，尽可能保留 原文的文化特色，同时考虑目标读者的文化 接受度。
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翻译质量评估标准与方法
翻译质量评估标准介绍
01
02
03
准确性
译文是否准确传达了原文 的含义，包括词汇、语法 、句式和修辞等方面的准 确性。
流畅性
译文是否通顺流畅，符合 目标语言的表达习惯，易 于理解和接受。
翻译理论与实践
汇报人：XX
目 录
• 翻译理论概述 • 翻译实践技巧探讨 • 翻译质量评估标准与方法 • 机器翻译技术与应用前景 • 口译实践与技巧分享 • 翻译行业现状与未来发展趋势
01
翻译理论概述
翻译的定义与本质
翻译的定义
翻译是将一种语言中的文本转换成另 一种语言中的等效文本的过程，涉及 语言、文化、交际等言的文化背景，包括历史 、文化、社会、政治等方面的知识，以避免文化 冲突和误解。
使用辅助工具
利用计算机辅助翻译（CAT）工具、机器翻译（ MT）工具等辅助工具，提高翻译效率和质量。同 时需要注意对辅助工具的使用方法和局限性有充 分了解。
04
机器翻译技术与应用前景
机器翻译技术原理简介
翻译行业面临的挑战与机遇
挑战
翻译理论与实践(全套)精品PPT课件
导学——课程要求
Tests: 60% There will be only one test: a final. But there may also be
Main Language points: 1. Comparative studies of language family 2. Comparative studies of word building in English and
Chinese 3. Comparative studies of syllable
Exercise
5
第三章：词语的翻译
教学目的：旨在帮助学生了解词义的多样性 （引申、褒贬）；并掌握词语翻译的选词技巧。
教学内容： 1. 词义的选择 2. 词义的引申 3. 词义的褒贬 4. 翻译练习
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第四章：句子翻译技巧（上）
一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在英汉翻译时做到通顺、准确。
教学内容： 1. 翻译的定义、分类 2. 翻译的标准 3. 翻译的过程：理解——表达——校对 4. 中、西译史
练习
4
第二章：英汉语言现象对比
Teaching aims: to learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in word forming and vocabulary so as to translate them accurately.
二、教学过程：
1. 增译法 2. 省译法 3. 词类转换 4. 正说反译、反说正译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
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第五章：句子翻译技巧（下）
一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在汉英翻译时做到通顺、准确。
《翻译理论与实践》课件
语言中蕴含的情感色彩是语用意义的重要组成部分，译者需要关注原文的情感色彩，并在译文中进行适 当的表达，以实现语用意义的完整传递。
语用等效与翻译策略
语用等效原则
在翻译过程中，译者应遵循语用等效原则，确保译文在目 标语言中产生与原文相同的效果，包括语言功能、语用意 义和修辞效果等方面。
翻译策略的选择
总结词
遵循法律文件的严谨性
详细描述
商务合同的翻译实践需遵循法律文件的严谨性。译者应仔 细核对原文，确保译文的准确性和完整性，避免因疏忽而 产生的法律风险。同时，在遇到法律术语时，译者应进行 深入研究，确保译文的准确性和专业性。
新闻报道的翻译实践
总结词
时效性是新闻报道的生命线
详细描述
新闻报道的翻译实践要求时效性极强，因为新闻报道需要 及时传递给目标语读者。在翻译过程中，译者应快速准确 地完成翻译工作，确保新闻报道的时效性不受影响。
为实现语用等效，译者需要根据具体情况选择合适的翻译 策略，如直译、意译、增译、减译等，以准确传达原文的 语用意义。
语用等效的评价
评价译文是否达到语用等效，需要考虑译文在目标语言中 的可接受度、表达的自然度以及读者反馈等因素，以确保 翻译质量。
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翻译中的语言规范与风 格
语言规范与翻译
语言规范
在翻译过程中，需要遵循目标语言的语法、词汇和表 达习惯，以确保译文准确、流畅。
VS
异化
以源语文化为归宿，保留原文的异国情调 和文化特色，让译文读者了解不同文化。
增译与减译
增译
在翻译过程中，根据目标语的语言习惯和表达方式，增加一些词语或短语，以使译文更加完整、流畅 。
减译
在翻译过程中，删减原文中一些不必要的词语或短语，使译文更加简洁、明了。
翻译理论与实践TranslationtheoriesandPractice
翻译理论与实践（汉译英）Translation Theories and Practice (Chinese-English Translation )Teaching Notes for Senior College Students（2005年9月）刘国忠2578706*************.cnTopics at first:1. 解读汉译英《教学大纲》2. 解读汉译英《考试大纲》3. 汉译英学习指导①重要性②特性③实践性汉译英精典教材：1. 《英汉翻译教程》张培基喻天根《汉英翻译教程》吕瑞昌喻天根上海外语教育出版社 1980.92.《汉英翻译基础》陈宏薇上海外语教育出版社 1998/23.《英汉互译实用教程》宋天锡等国防工业出版社2000/14.《实用翻译教程》（英汉互译）增订本冯庆华上海外语教育出版社2002/55.《实用汉英翻译教程》曾诚外语教学与研究出版社2002/46.《翻译教学：实务与理论》刘宓庆中国对外翻译出版公司2003/1•汉译英主要内容：•一、汉译英实务教学•二、历届TEM8汉译英试卷评析•三、汉译英练习与评析•—汉英翻译强化训练汉译英实务教学主要内容一、汉英词语对比二、汉英句法基本差异（一）汉英句子的主语比较三、汉英句法基本差异（二）汉语谓语动词的分析和翻译四、被动语态的翻译五、汉译英中的主谓定位六、汉译英中的句子整合问题增补内容：七、如何避免翻译中的Chinglish八、汉英翻译中的文化传递九、公示语的翻译十、历届TEM8汉译英试卷评析十一、汉译英练习与评析—汉英翻译强化训练汉译英学习指导（一）如何保证翻译课的教学效果1.以―正当程序‖保证翻译质量无论英译汉，还是汉译英，译文都需要准确、通顺，这是翻译的基本要求。
表达准确的基础是对原文的准确理解：译者必须准确地理解原文的每个词、每句话和作者的意图。
表达通顺的基础是对译入语的熟练运用。
我们在做汉译英时，存在一个天然的劣势：由于英语不是我们的母语，做到表达的准确和通顺相当困难。
翻译理论与实践英汉汉英翻译文章(经典借鉴)
课程名称：翻译理论与实践本科三年级第二学期汉英/英汉互译选材内容主讲教师苗菊1．The New Breed of a Digital PlanetEmily Feld is a native of a new planet. While the 20-year-old university student may appear to live in London, she actually spends much of her time in another galaxy out there, in the digital universe of websites, e-mails, text messages and mobile phone calls. The behaviour of Feld and her generation, say expert, is being shaped by digital technology as never before, taking her boldly where no generation has gone before. It may even be the next step in evolution, transforming brains and the way we think.“One day, I went to meet a friend in town, and was about two minutes away when I realised I’d left my mobile phone at home. I travelled the five miles back to collect it. I felt so completely lost without it, I panicked. I need to have it on me at all times...” That's what makes Emily a “digital native”, one who has never known a world without instant communi cation.2．泼水节The Water-Splashing DayThe Water-splashing Day is the New Year Festival of the Dai nationality. According to the Dai’s calendar, it comes after the Tomb-sweeping Day, someday between April 13th and April 15th.Splashing water is the main celebrating activity at the New Year Festival of the Dai nationality. People splash water against one another, symbolizing to wash away thewhole year’s misfortune and to wish for health and safety in the New Year. There are two ways of splashing water. One is gentle splashing, while the other is free splashing. Gentle splashing is particularly for the elderly. With best wishes, people scoop a ladle of clean water and open the elder’s collar to let the water run down the back. The elderly who is splashed accept the blessings happily. Whereas free splashing has no fixed form, so that any tool such as ladle, basin and bucket are all allowed to be used. People chase after one another and splash water against each other freely. If one is splashed with more water, one feels all the more happy, for it indicates receiving the most wishes.3. MNEThe multinational enterprise (MNE), which is also called multinational corporations (MNC), is one of the major actors in the contemporary international arena, and its worldwide operations are now a decisive force in shaping the patterns of trade, investment, and technology flows among nations. The multinational enterprise system has become so important that it is impossible to understand the world economy without an appreciation of the roles of multinational enterprises as producers, investors, traders, and innovators on a global scale. National governments must also take this force seriously because of its impact on domestic production, employment, trade, and the balance of payments. Moreover, many governments view the multinational enterprises as a political threat, representing an intrusion into the national domain by a company which is controlled by a headquarters located in another country. Even in the United States, which is the home country of more than half of t he world’s biggest multinational enterprises, the multinational enterprise has come under growing attack by labor and protectionist groups who charge it with exporting jobs and technology to the detriment of the U.S. economy.Although multinational enterprise emerged from the world economic arena in the late 19 th century, the multinational enterprise as we know it today developed at an unprecedented speed during the 1950s and 1960s. At that time, dramatic improvements in communications and transportation and the massive liberalization of international trade and payments made it possible for multinational enterprise to operate on a global scale.跨国企业，也称跨国公司，是当今国际舞台上的主要角色之一。
英汉翻译理论与实践共65页文档
36、自己的鞋子，自己知道紧在哪里。——西班牙
37、我们唯一不会改正的缺点是软弱。——拉罗什福科
xiexie! 38、我这个人走得很慢，但是我从不后退。——亚伯拉罕·林肯
39、勿问成功的秘诀为何，且尽全力做你应该做的事吧。——美华纳
40、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。——孔子
英汉翻译理论与实践
46、法律有权打破平静。——马·格林 47、在一千磅法律里，没有一盎司仁 爱。— —英国
48、法律一多，公正就少。——托·富 勒 49、犯罪总是以惩罚相补偿；只有处 罚才能 使犯罪 得到偿 还。— —达雷 尔
50、弱者比强者更能得到法律的保护 。—— 威·厄尔
谢谢！
(完整word版)英语翻译理论与实践
黄山学院外语系课程讲稿专业名称：英语专业课程名称：《英汉翻译理论与实践1》主导教材：冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》授课教师：程汕姗A Brief Introduction to Translation◇Teaching Contents:I.Discussion:●What is translation?●What is a successful translation?●What difficulties might occur in translating process?A.What is translation?1.Key words:source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce; message /information; equivalence / correspondence2.Nature of translationTranslation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest naturalequivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly interms of style. (Eugene A. Nida)德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words withsimilar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language.Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of formfrom the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。
翻译理论与实践(全套)PPT课件
导学——课时安排
课时安排：
教学内容
导学
第一章：翻译概述
第二章：英汉语言对比 第三章：词语的翻译
第四章：句子翻译技巧（上） 第五章：句子翻译技巧（下） 第六章：常见文体的翻译
注：可能 因授课实际情况，课时安排会做适当调整。
课时 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
14
导学——学法指导
译者素养：
➢译者的素质： 外语素质 语言敏感度 心理素质
导学——课程要求
Tests: 60% There will be only one test: a final. But there may also be
several short quizzes through the term. Attendance: 20%
Daily attendance will be recorded. Each time a student will get 2.5 points. 1point for attendance, 1 point for being on time, and 0.5 point for participating in discussion and interacting positively with fellow classmates.
二、教学过程：
1. 增译法 2. 省译法 3. 词类转换 4. 正说反译、反说正译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
7
第五章：句子翻译技巧（下）
一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技 巧，从而在汉英翻译时做到通顺、准确。
二、教学过程：
1. 重译法 2. 语态变换法 3. 词序调整法 4. 拆译法 5. 翻译练习1、2、3、4
We should take considerable ( or a good portion of ) responsibility for the problems that arouse. 19
翻译理论与实践（TranslationtheoryandPractice）
翻译理论与实践（Translation theory and Practice）This paper consists of the 8888 contributionPpt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Translation theory and PracticeI., What, is, translation, II., Is, it, to, translate, easy, III.,, Can, all, the, translated, words, be?I., What, is, translation?1, the definition of translation? 2, translation is to translate the text or? E.g.1:, My, sister, went, to, school, at, 7., e.g.2:, have you eaten? Where to? E.g.3: you're beautiful today! -- where?!II., Is, it, easy, to, translate?Henchman? Go back to man in the? The? Street? Crow s feet a hen party '? Fog lock hill mountain fog water disappears in the sky with rain window, two East West three point cut to carve up the piece, seven horizontal eight vertical knife knife toward the sea towards towards falling towards long clouds long long.III., Can, all, the, words, be, translated?According to the nephew lanterns (old uncle)? East sunrise rain, is (clear) the situation is a (clear)? --The professor shouted:Gentlemen, order --The entire class yelled:! "" Beer! "--Why is the river very? Rich? --Because it has two banks.You can cage a swallow, but you can t swallow a "cage. --The secret is going to? Be exposed, and we ll look pretty silly. --You" already look pretty and silly. bathing on bikini? Girl, eyeing, boy, finds boy eyeing bikini on bathing girl.Chapter 1The definition of translation, the purpose of translation, the type of translation, the standard of translation, the process of translation, the conditions for translationDefinition of translationTranslation is the practice of language in which the content of another language is re expressed in one language. Feng Qinghua? Translation is a kind of language (i.e., primitive) information in another language (the target language) express, so that the readers can get the original thoughts expressed by the author, are roughly the same as the original readers feel. - Fan Zhongying, translation is the translator's re understanding of the same thing and the use of another text. - Qiao HaiqingDefinition of translationTranslation is "an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language Translation is." Jakobson? "The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) byequivalent textual material in another language (TL). Catford Translation is the replacement of? A representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. HudsonThe purpose of translationA bridge of communication and communication between different languages and cultures.Types of translationIntra language translation (intralingual translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language (interlingual translation) translation? An interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language? Intersemiotic translation (intersemiotic translation) an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal signs systemChinese translation theoriesYan Fu: Xindaya translation - Three: xindaya. It is hard to ask for a letter. Take care of the letter and fail to reach it,Even if you do not translate it, you will also interpret it. ? Lu Xun: faith, Shun - a course to make it easy, one is to preserve the original charm. / / faith rather than fluency? Qu Qiubai: the notion of equivalence translation should be the original intention, exactly China introduced to readers, make readers get China concept concept equal to other language from the textto the reader. Contradiction: to reproduce the artistic conception the highest task of literary translation is to reproduce the artistic conception so that the target readers can enjoy the beauty as much as the original.Chinese translation theoriesLiu Zhongde: letter, reach, cut letter: believe in content: as long as it is cut: to adapt to style, Zhang today: true, good, beautiful, truth: truth, principle, good: ideological principles: Beauty: artistic principlesForeign translation theoriesTytler: 1. The translation should the same effect on give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. style and manner of 2. The writing should be of the same character as that of the original. translation should have all 3. The the ease of the original composition.Federov: on Translation should produce a translation version which may be read with as much pleasure as the original, and yet remain faithful to its spirit, sense and style. Nida: dynamic equivalence theory readers get responses, and feelings with the original readers read the original income roughly equal. Newmark: text centered theoryProcess of translationIt is generally believed that the original text is understood expression Nida: original text testAnalytical translationTarget textRestructureFour steps: analysis, translation, reconstruction, testTranslation, from, English, to, Chinese:1., The, days, run, into, weeks., the days go by, for a few weeks.2. It, s, all, Greek, to, me., the translation condition, I do not understand at all. Mandarin Chinese is better than3. Mary has? A clever tongue. Marie (glib glib). English language ability is better than4., You, can, never, tell., wide knowledge, no one can say.5., My, memory, failed, me, at, that, moment., I can't remember that moment.6., Your, name, obstinately, escapes, me., I can't remember your name.7., To, think, that, you, should, fail., I don't think you will fail. 8., Would, it, were, otherwise, if that's not the case. There was more mischief than harm in him. he is only mischievous, and no harm. 10., I, never, go, past, my, old, school, but,, think, of, our, headmaster.. Every time I pass my alma mater, I remember our headmaster. 11., The, book, is, beyond, me., I can't read this book. 12., There, is, nothing, like, leather, for, shoes., leather shoes are great. 13., It, is, too, recent, to, be, forgotten., fresh in memory.14., The, mountain, is, not, valuable, because, it, is, high.,mountain is precious, not at its height. The "This is the last place I where expected to meet you." did not expect to meet you here. 16., He, is, nothing, if, not, stubborn., he's a stubborn man. 17., I, was, not, a, little, surprised., I was shocked.18., He, can, do, it, if, any, one, can., only he can do it.19. You cannot make something out of nothing. one can't make bricks without straw. 20., I, can, t, bear, the, sight,, of, that, man.I can't stand seeing that man.Similar sentences1. He had made a box., he has made a box. He had a box made., he told people to make a box.2. Foolishly he spoke. he was so foolish to speak. He spoke foolishly. he talks very stupid.3. Quite properly he was punished. he deserved to be punished. He was punished quite properly., he was properly punished.4., We, asked, him, to, speak, from, his, experience., we ask him to talk about it based on his experience. We asked him to speak about his experiences. we asked him to talk about his experience.Similar sentences5. He is behind time. he's late. He, is, behind, the, times., he's behind the times.6. His success is out of question. his success is beyond doubt. His, success, is, out, of, the, question, he's never going to be successful.7., They, went, to, sea., they're going to besailors. They, went, to, the, sea., they went to the beach. 8., It, has, been, raining, continually, for, two, days., rain, intermittent two days. It has, been, raining, continuously, for,, two, days rain continued for two days.Similar sentences9., He, has, no, more, than, ten, books., he has only ten books. He has not more than ten books., he has ten books at most.He is not a little afraid of it. he was very scared. He is not a bit afraid of it., he is not afraid at all. 11., I, didn, t, go, because, I, was, afraid., I am not afraid to go. I, didn, t, go, because, I, to., was, afraid, I did not go, because I dare not go. 12. She kept the house., she watches over the house. She kept house. her home.Similar sentences13., This, is, no, place, for, me, to, go., this is not whereI should go. There, is, no, place, for, me, to, go, I have nowhere to go. 14. I, had, a, good, talk, to, him, yesterday., I gave him a good dressing down yesterday. I had a good talk with him yesterday. I had a really good time talking to him yesterday. 15., Tom, escaped, prison., Tom escaped the jail. Tom, escaped, from, prison., Tom, jailbreak. 16., Is, there, any, difficulty, in, this? Do you have any difficulty with this? Is, there, some, difficulty, in, this? It's a bit difficult, isn't it?Similar sentencesWe are sure that man is mortal. we are sure that man will always die. We, are, sure, that, man, is, dead., we are sure the man is dead. 18., We, hired, the, boat, by, the, hour.. We ship by hour. We hired, the, boat, for, an, hour., we rented an hour boat.Similar sentences19., I, did, not, notice, him., I didn't notice him. I, took, no, notice, of, him., I don't care about him. 20., Happily, he, did, not, die., thankfully he did not die. He did not die happily., he died uneasy.The second chapter is semantic translationFirst, the choice of meaning in the understanding of polysemy (polysemy)The translation of runRun, a, car, run, shop, run, oil, run, message, a, fever, run, a, computer, run, run, a, meeting, run,, chickens, run, a, arms, advertisement, run, anHead translation10. He arranged his speech under five heads. his speech is divided into five parts. 11., We, have, thirty, head, of, cattle.We have thirty cows. 12., Heads, or, tails? Heads or tails? 13., Where, is, the, head? Where is the toilet?The translation of head:1. head of the English Department, director of the English Department of2. head of the government head of the bed, head of government3.4. head of the staircase a of the needle at the top of the stairs5. head6. He was badly wounded in a the head. he was badly wounded in the head.7. He has a good head for maths. he has a lot of mathematical talent.8., You, should, use, your, head., you should use your head.9. The, dinner, cost, US, five, dollars, a, head., the meal cost us 5 yuan each.The translation of I. poor:1. The, cloth, is, poor, in, quality., this cloth is of poor quality.2. The, water, is, poor, in, oxygen., this water is anoxic.3. Her first concert had a poor audience., her first concert, with very few listeners.4. This, to, her, was, a, poor, consolation., this comfort does not work for her.5. In my poor opinion, you should let her go. in my humble opinion, you should let her go. Boat. She was a poor sailor and always went to bed immediately on on getting the she has seasickness problems, so always go to bed on board.The translation of II. runThe He will not be running in the next election., he is not ready to run for the next election. 2., The, train, is, not, running, today., that train is off today. 3. The film began to run. filmat the. 4. His face was running with sweat. he Sweat streamed down the face. 5., It, was, such, a, ran., hot, day, that, the, butter, the weather was so hot that the butter melted. 6., The, road, runs, north., this road extends north. The "The rumor runs that he is going to resign." is rumoured that he is going to resign. 8., The, monsoon, had, six, weeks, more, to, run., the rainy season will last six weeks.The translation of II. run9., The, car, repair, will, run, you, at, least, two, hundred., repair, at least you spend two hundred yuan. 10. The play ran for only a week in that theatre.. The play was only staged for a week in that theater. 11., Potatoes, are, running, large, this, year., potatoes grow a lot this year. 12., A, freezer, doesn, run., t, cost, much, to, the use of the refrigerator is not very expensive.The translation of III. liveShe needs to find somewhere to live. she needs to find a place to live. 2., Where, do, these, plates, live? Where are these dishes? 3., Spiders, can, live, for, several, days, without, food., spiders can live without food for a few days. 4., We, saw, a, real, rattlesnake, live! We saw a live rattlesnake.The translation of III. live5. The club has live music most nights., the club has live music most nights.6. The show is going on live., the show is being broadcast live.7., Pollution, is, still, very, much, a, live,issue. pollution is still a very interesting issue at the moment.8., This, is, a, live, and, interesting, book., this is a lively and interesting book.The translation of IV. like1., He, likes, mathematics, more, physics., than, he prefers mathematics to physics.2., Bananas, don, t, like, me., I ate a banana and my stomach was upset. (bananas do not fit my stomach.) Three它的味道像芒果。
翻译理论与实践2
1
I love my love with an E, because she's enticing; I hate her with an E, because she's engaged; I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement; her name's Emily, and she lives in the east.
译文II：
（Tr. 覃 军）
他要格物致知，教书育人。
（Tr. 唐 婷 ） ：推究；致：求得。穷究事物原理，从而获得知
2021/11/14
25
大学之道，在明明德，在新民，在止 于至善。
The Way of the great learning is to rid oneself of self desires and develop further one’s inherent virtues. One should not only develop his own inherent virtues further, but should encourage all persons to do so also. Only then is it possible to reach the acme of perfection.
一个要饭的，身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫
褴褛，瘸腿，满脸短鬓
（后置）
2021/11/14
20
1、定语的位置
（2）短语作定语
a building project of high-rise apartment
houses
[英语学习]翻译理论与实践汇编
![[英语学习]翻译理论与实践汇编](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5e3a8024a26925c52cc5bfdb.png)
The definition is:
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
•Discuss more
推荐网站
1. 中国翻译协会 2. 传神社区 3. 众译网 4. 翻译中国 5. 正方翻译论坛
推荐期刊
1. 《中国翻译》 中国翻译协会 主办 2. 《上海翻译》 上海科技翻译学会 主办
课堂简报——《译文》
课堂简报——《译文》
来稿邮箱： rendition2009@
• （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语 义上，其次在文体上。)
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
• A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
2. The Relationship between Translation Theory and Techniques (Practice)
英汉翻译理论与实践
分句法与合句法
分句法
分句法是指将英文中的一个长句拆分成 两个或多个短句进行翻译，以使译文更 加符合汉语的表达习惯。例如，“He is a good singer and dancer”可以拆分 成“他是一个好歌手”和“他是一个好 舞者”。
VS
合句法
合句法是指将英文中的两个或多个短句合 并成一个长句进行翻译，以使译文更加流 畅、紧凑。例如，“She is a doctor and she is also a writer”可以合并翻译 为“她既是一名医生，也是一名作家”。
意译
意译是按照原文的含义和精神进行翻译，不拘泥于原文的词序和结构。在意译时，需要摆脱原文的语 言束缚，用自然、流畅的语言表达原文的含义，同时保持译文的完整性和连贯性。
增译与减译
增译
增译是指在翻译过程中，根据原文的含义和语境，增加一些 必要的词语、短语或句子，以使译文更加完整、流畅和准确 。增译通常用于弥补原文的省略、补充背景信息、解释文化 概念等。
句子结构问题
总结词
句子结构问题是英汉翻译中的重要问题之一。
详细描述
由于英汉两种语言的句子结构存在较大差异，因此在进 行英汉翻译时，需要进行必要的句子结构调整。例如， 英语中常用长句和复合句，而汉语中则常用短句和简单 句。在进行英汉翻译时，需要将英文的长句和复合句拆 分成汉语的短句和简单句，或者将汉语的短句和简单句 整合成英文的长句和复合句。
商务翻译
总结词
商务翻译涉及商业、法律、合同等领域的文 本，要求准确、专业、规范。
详细描述
商务翻译要求译者具备相关领域的专业知识 ，能够准确理解并表达原文的含义。在翻译 过程中，译者需特别注意语言的严谨性和规 范性，以确保译文的准确性和合法性。同时 ，商务翻译还强调译文的流畅性和易读性，
理论与实践英语作文及翻译
理论与实践英语作文及翻译Theory and Practice。
Theory and practice are two important components in the process of learning. Theory provides us with a frameworkfor understanding and analyzing concepts, while practice allows us to apply these concepts in real-life situations. Both theory and practice are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of any subject.Theoretical knowledge is important because it helps us to understand the underlying principles of a subject. For example, in the field of physics, theoretical knowledge helps us to understand the laws of motion, the properties of matter, and the behavior of energy. Without this theoretical knowledge, it would be difficult to make sense of the world around us.However, theoretical knowledge alone is not enough. We also need to apply this knowledge in real-life situationsin order to fully understand its implications. This is where practice comes in. Through practice, we can test our theories and see how they work in real-life situations. For example, a doctor may have a theoretical understanding of how to treat a particular illness, but it is only through practice that they can develop the skills and experience necessary to successfully treat patients.Theory and practice are also interconnected. Theoretical knowledge can inform our practice, while practice can also lead to new theoretical insights. For example, a scientist may develop a new theory based on observations made during an experiment.In conclusion, theory and practice are both essential components of learning. Theoretical knowledge provides us with a framework for understanding concepts, while practice allows us to apply this knowledge in real-life situations. By combining theory and practice, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of any subject and develop the skills and experience necessary to succeed in our chosen field.理论与实践。
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Difference Message
Art
See TB P19
Enjoyment
广告之后更精彩
优乐美
Elegant, Happy & Beautiful
To be more exact, in Nida’s & Tytler’s words：
美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida：
• Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
• （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语 义上，其次在文体上。)
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
• A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
•Discuss more
推荐网站
1. 中国翻译协会 2. 传神社区 3. 众译网 4. 翻译中国 5. 正方翻译论坛
推荐期刊
1. 《中国翻译》 中国翻译协会 主办 2. 《上海翻译》 上海科技翻译学会 主办
课堂简报——《译文》
课堂简报——《译文》
来稿邮箱： rendition2009@
（1） 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序；
（2） （3） （4） （5）
选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料； 难易循序渐进； 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量； 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习；
Tips： •Read more; •Practice more;
（6） 可请别人修改或校正。
•Think more;
翻译理论与实践
Course Description & Requirements
Description:
This course named Translation Theory and Practice aims at cultivating the SS’ ability of translating between EC —they have the ability to understand and master some basic theories and techniques about translation. E.g. the brief history of Chinese and western translation theory, the differences between E and C, the eight basic techniques in translation, some methods to deal with the special sentences, etc. In a word, the SS will have the first impression to English language and Chinese, and through these discussions they will have a higher ability in their English writing.
翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。
The definition is:
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
U.loveit
U.loveme
综合各家之长: (Sum Up)
• 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种 语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、 传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是 推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。
• Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.
1. What is translation? (翻译的定义)
The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语言);
Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s ownቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱor another language (转换成本族语或另一种语言)。
提高方法：
1. 翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践
研究有关翻译的论述，弄懂翻译的基本问题。
（阅读理论著作；专题论文；翻译教材；译品的前言后语）
2. 研究译作范本 (See TB P4)
从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧，对比不同译本的处理和效果。
研究典型译例，注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失，为翻译
实践打好基础
3. 不断进行翻译实践