镍锌电池技术发展的最新研究总结
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Laboratory cell, electrode area: 7.0 cm×7.0 cm;
Experimental
Newly progress
Electrochemical performance of single elctrode was carried out using a Solartron 1280Z workstation with cyclic voltammetry in a three-electrode configuration assembly consisting of WE sintered nickel oxide as the counter CE RE electrode, depsiting zinc as the working electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. working electrode: 2.0 cm×2.0 cm; 7.0 cm×7.0 cm
1
-0.03 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 Potential / Vvs. HgO/Hg -0.8 -0.6
E (V vs. Hg/HgO)
Scale up
tion(%) apacity retent Ca
ge (V) Voltag
7.35Ah(100%DOD) 77cm2
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 6A 1.2 1.0 0 2000 4000 6000
0.1
i / A Log
0.01
-1 -1
1E-3
:0.55
Io/Acm -2: 1.3310
-2
-1.40 -1.38 -1.36 -1.34 -1.32 Potential/Vvs.Hg/HgO
Background
Substrate
0.000 Cd Pb
Additive
Current / A
0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 4 5
3
2
CPb / M:
2+
1 1: 0
3: 10
6
-4
4: 5
2: 5 5:
6: 5
I (mA)
0.002 0.004
Cu
0.01
0.00 -0.01 -0.02
0.006
0.008 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4
Introduction
It’s urgent in demands of energy storage for use of renewable energies.
frequency control
load regulation
UPS, and backup power sources
stabilizing electricity network and penetrating renewable energy
zinc/bromine flow battery
all vanadium flow battery
2Br 2e Zn V
2
charg e disch arge charge
Br2 Zn
2e e
disch arge
ch arg e
+ –
Scheme of typical redox flow cell: reversible electro-synthesis plant
Pump Pump
Introduction
Redox flow battery
Those RFB systems demonstrated at a large scale require expensive materials; Aiming to reduce costs and simplify the cell design, some new systems have been reported. But these systems still have shortcomings; A zinc nickel single flow battery is proposed by our team, in which almost no expensive materials are needed.
Charge(C/cm C ) Accumulative
0 -40 -80 -120
0 -4 -8 -12 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 0 0 -1 -2 -3 0 50 200 400 600 800 1000
Newly progress
Ni foil
Cu foil
Iron mesh
) e Charge(C/cm Accumulative
Introduction
Redox flow battery
The redox couples must be carried by the pumped solutions; well-suited for transmission and distribution deferral applications; The advantages: moderate cost, modularity, transportability and flexible operation.
Laboratory cell
1.6V200Ah
Experimental
Newly progress
Solutions for CVs, different ZnO in different KOH; Solutions for the cell, 1.0 mol/L ZnO + 10.0 mol/L KOH + 0.5 mol/L LiOH;
25
20
40
60
80
100 120
2 Capacity (mAh/cm )
time
Charge/discharge curves (25mA/cm2)
Self-discharge property (25mA/cm2)
Background
Zn/Ni single flow battery
Zinc morphology, mossy and crystalline; Tafel ananalysis, i0~0.01A/cm2;
0.00 Cufoil -0.05 -0.10
FemeshcoatedNi
2
10 mV/s
-0.15
-0.20 -0.25 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4
Nifoil
30 mV/s
100 200 300 400 500
50 mV/s
100 150 200 250 300
0 0 -2 -4 -6 0 0 -2 -4 0
charge discharge
charge
discharge
2Ni(OH)2 2OH
Zn(OH)24 2e
+ _ NiOOH
Single electrolyte flow path, no membrane; Modular, Scalable; Non-toxic; stable; Excellent Cycle life
2
5mA/cm2 20mA/cm2 30mA/cm2 40mA/cm2 60mA/cm2 80mA/cm2
002 100 102 103 110 112 201 104
3
2 disch arg e
V
VO 2H
2
e
arg e 2 disch
ch arg e
VO H2O
Background
Zn/Ni single flow battery
Pos. Neg.
2NiOOH2H2O2e Zn4OH
Efficiency: Coulomb 91.6% 3A 95.1% 1.5 96.9%
100
80 60 40
100
Coulomb bic Efficiency y
6A
80 60 40
3A 1.5A
Energy 75.4% 79.7% 87.6%
20
0
80%DOD
cycle
20
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500
The cell was charged up to 20 mAh/cm2 at the current density of 5mA/cm2, 10mA/cm2;
Results of our team
Substrate
The mode of mass transportation of Iron mesh is changed due to the structure.
1.6
tage(V) Volt
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 0
positive (vs. Hg/HgO) 2
1.4
1.2 1.0 0 5 10 15 20 48h
24h
Negative (vs. Hg/HgO)
5 C.E. 70.6% 93.0% 95.1% 96.0% 96.8%
1mV/s
2
Ni foil
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
m de ) ensity (A/cm Current
0 -100 -200 0 -10 -20
Iron mesh
1 mV/s 0 2000 4000 10 mV/s 200 400 30 mV/s 100 200 50 mV/s 50 300 6000 8000 600
Experimental
Newly progress
The charge and discharge characteristics of the cell were studied by applying a dc constant current using a Neware BTS 3000 battery test system (5V2000mA and 5V200A).
I (cps)
101
Newly progress
Electrodeposition of preferentially oriented zinc
-30mA/cm 40min 2-40mA/cm 30min
2 2
The effect of current on morphology and crystal Structure of zinc
Capacity (mAh)
Experimental
All
Newly progress
the chemicals of analytical grade purity
were used. The solvent of the solutions is distilled water. The pumps were made by Xin Xi Shan pumps Co., ltd. Laboratory cell and scaled-up cell were used to demonstrate the performance of the Zn/Ni single flow battery.
Zn(OH)42aq.
泵
Zn
Background
Coulombic efficiency of above 95% and energy efficiency of above 85% were obtained with laboratory cell.
1.8
Fully charged
ltage (V Vol V)
Newly progress of the Zn/Ni single flow battery
Outline
Introduction Background
Newly progress
Experimental Results of our team Results of others
Conclusion Acknowledgment
800
400
2
Time(s)
程杰,文越华, 徐艳，物理化学学报, 已投稿 Chemical journal of Chinese universities, 2011, 32:1-4
Time(s)
100
150
200
250
Potential(Vvs.Hg/HgO)
Results of our team
Experimental
Newly progress
Electrochemical performance of single elctrode was carried out using a Solartron 1280Z workstation with cyclic voltammetry in a three-electrode configuration assembly consisting of WE sintered nickel oxide as the counter CE RE electrode, depsiting zinc as the working electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. working electrode: 2.0 cm×2.0 cm; 7.0 cm×7.0 cm
1
-0.03 -1.6 -1.4 -1.2 -1.0 Potential / Vvs. HgO/Hg -0.8 -0.6
E (V vs. Hg/HgO)
Scale up
tion(%) apacity retent Ca
ge (V) Voltag
7.35Ah(100%DOD) 77cm2
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 6A 1.2 1.0 0 2000 4000 6000
0.1
i / A Log
0.01
-1 -1
1E-3
:0.55
Io/Acm -2: 1.3310
-2
-1.40 -1.38 -1.36 -1.34 -1.32 Potential/Vvs.Hg/HgO
Background
Substrate
0.000 Cd Pb
Additive
Current / A
0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 4 5
3
2
CPb / M:
2+
1 1: 0
3: 10
6
-4
4: 5
2: 5 5:
6: 5
I (mA)
0.002 0.004
Cu
0.01
0.00 -0.01 -0.02
0.006
0.008 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4
Introduction
It’s urgent in demands of energy storage for use of renewable energies.
frequency control
load regulation
UPS, and backup power sources
stabilizing electricity network and penetrating renewable energy
zinc/bromine flow battery
all vanadium flow battery
2Br 2e Zn V
2
charg e disch arge charge
Br2 Zn
2e e
disch arge
ch arg e
+ –
Scheme of typical redox flow cell: reversible electro-synthesis plant
Pump Pump
Introduction
Redox flow battery
Those RFB systems demonstrated at a large scale require expensive materials; Aiming to reduce costs and simplify the cell design, some new systems have been reported. But these systems still have shortcomings; A zinc nickel single flow battery is proposed by our team, in which almost no expensive materials are needed.
Charge(C/cm C ) Accumulative
0 -40 -80 -120
0 -4 -8 -12 0 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 0 0 -1 -2 -3 0 50 200 400 600 800 1000
Newly progress
Ni foil
Cu foil
Iron mesh
) e Charge(C/cm Accumulative
Introduction
Redox flow battery
The redox couples must be carried by the pumped solutions; well-suited for transmission and distribution deferral applications; The advantages: moderate cost, modularity, transportability and flexible operation.
Laboratory cell
1.6V200Ah
Experimental
Newly progress
Solutions for CVs, different ZnO in different KOH; Solutions for the cell, 1.0 mol/L ZnO + 10.0 mol/L KOH + 0.5 mol/L LiOH;
25
20
40
60
80
100 120
2 Capacity (mAh/cm )
time
Charge/discharge curves (25mA/cm2)
Self-discharge property (25mA/cm2)
Background
Zn/Ni single flow battery
Zinc morphology, mossy and crystalline; Tafel ananalysis, i0~0.01A/cm2;
0.00 Cufoil -0.05 -0.10
FemeshcoatedNi
2
10 mV/s
-0.15
-0.20 -0.25 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4
Nifoil
30 mV/s
100 200 300 400 500
50 mV/s
100 150 200 250 300
0 0 -2 -4 -6 0 0 -2 -4 0
charge discharge
charge
discharge
2Ni(OH)2 2OH
Zn(OH)24 2e
+ _ NiOOH
Single electrolyte flow path, no membrane; Modular, Scalable; Non-toxic; stable; Excellent Cycle life
2
5mA/cm2 20mA/cm2 30mA/cm2 40mA/cm2 60mA/cm2 80mA/cm2
002 100 102 103 110 112 201 104
3
2 disch arg e
V
VO 2H
2
e
arg e 2 disch
ch arg e
VO H2O
Background
Zn/Ni single flow battery
Pos. Neg.
2NiOOH2H2O2e Zn4OH
Efficiency: Coulomb 91.6% 3A 95.1% 1.5 96.9%
100
80 60 40
100
Coulomb bic Efficiency y
6A
80 60 40
3A 1.5A
Energy 75.4% 79.7% 87.6%
20
0
80%DOD
cycle
20
0 2500 5000 7500 10000 12500
The cell was charged up to 20 mAh/cm2 at the current density of 5mA/cm2, 10mA/cm2;
Results of our team
Substrate
The mode of mass transportation of Iron mesh is changed due to the structure.
1.6
tage(V) Volt
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 0
positive (vs. Hg/HgO) 2
1.4
1.2 1.0 0 5 10 15 20 48h
24h
Negative (vs. Hg/HgO)
5 C.E. 70.6% 93.0% 95.1% 96.0% 96.8%
1mV/s
2
Ni foil
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
m de ) ensity (A/cm Current
0 -100 -200 0 -10 -20
Iron mesh
1 mV/s 0 2000 4000 10 mV/s 200 400 30 mV/s 100 200 50 mV/s 50 300 6000 8000 600
Experimental
Newly progress
The charge and discharge characteristics of the cell were studied by applying a dc constant current using a Neware BTS 3000 battery test system (5V2000mA and 5V200A).
I (cps)
101
Newly progress
Electrodeposition of preferentially oriented zinc
-30mA/cm 40min 2-40mA/cm 30min
2 2
The effect of current on morphology and crystal Structure of zinc
Capacity (mAh)
Experimental
All
Newly progress
the chemicals of analytical grade purity
were used. The solvent of the solutions is distilled water. The pumps were made by Xin Xi Shan pumps Co., ltd. Laboratory cell and scaled-up cell were used to demonstrate the performance of the Zn/Ni single flow battery.
Zn(OH)42aq.
泵
Zn
Background
Coulombic efficiency of above 95% and energy efficiency of above 85% were obtained with laboratory cell.
1.8
Fully charged
ltage (V Vol V)
Newly progress of the Zn/Ni single flow battery
Outline
Introduction Background
Newly progress
Experimental Results of our team Results of others
Conclusion Acknowledgment
800
400
2
Time(s)
程杰,文越华, 徐艳，物理化学学报, 已投稿 Chemical journal of Chinese universities, 2011, 32:1-4
Time(s)
100
150
200
250
Potential(Vvs.Hg/HgO)
Results of our team