高中英语必修一第四单元单词导学案

Unit 4 Period two Words and Expressions

班级：高一（6）班时间：9月26日教师：学习目标：

1.掌握本单元的重点单词和短语。

2.对意思相近的本单元词汇能够进行简单的词汇辨析。

学习内容

Step 1 重点词汇

1.damage n.& vt.损失；损害

●do/cause damage to...对……造成损害

●damage one’s health损害某人的健康

(1)Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.

地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。

(2)The heavy rain has the crops.

暴雨已对庄稼造成了很大的损害。

(3)As we all know，eating too much fat will .

众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。

2.frightening adj.令人恐惧的

※frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬

●frighten sb. /sth. away把……吓跑

●frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 吓唬某人以使其做/不做某事

※frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的

●be frightened of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事

●be frightened to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事

(1)They frightened the old lady into taking out her old vase. 他们吓唬那位老太太，让她拿出了她的古花瓶。

(2)When you stand at an altitude to see the rapids and waterfall，you will feel much .(frighten) 当你站在高处看到令人恐惧的急流和瀑布时，你会感到非常害怕。

(3) Seeing the scene, the little girl was to death and cried in with

a expression on her face.

3.congratulation n.祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺

●congratulations to sb. on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺

●offer/express one’s congratulations to sb. 向某人表示祝贺

●congratulate sb. on sth. 为某事向某人祝贺

(1)Congratulations to you on your success in the English examination. 恭喜你在英语考试中取得成功。

(2)He has passed the exam and I’ll express my (congratulate) to him. 他通过了考试，我要向他表示祝贺。

4.judge n.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决

●judge sb. /sth. (to be)＋n./adj.判断/认为/断定某人/某物(是)……

●judge...by/from...根据……判断……

●as far as I can judge据我判断

●judging by/from...从……来判断（放在句首）

(1)The teacher judged him to be honest. 老师认为他是诚实的。

(2)As the old saying goes，“Don’t judge a book by its cover.”俗话说，“不要以貌取人。”

(3) ，the second person is more reliable.据我判断，第二个人更可靠一些。

(4) (judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.从他说的话判断，他非常失望。

5.burst vi. (使)爆裂；爆发；胀开；猛冲；突然......起来n. 突然破裂；爆发

●burst into + n. 闯入，突然开始......

●burst out + n =burst into doing突然…起来burst into tears/laughter = burst out

● A burst of laughter/applause/anger 一阵笑声、喝彩、发怒

●burst in 打断，闯入，突然出现

On hearing the news, Mary burst laughter while Lucy burst out (cry).

一听到这则新闻，玛丽突然开始大笑起来，而露西则开始大哭起来。

(2) He burst the room without knocking.

(3) There was in the room when I passed by.我经过时，房间里传来一阵笑声。

6.ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产

●be/lie in ruins破败不堪；严重受损；失败

●fall/come into ruin成为废墟，被毁掉；衰落

●ruin one's hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会

●ruin oneself自我毁灭

（1）Ever since the earthquake, this temple .自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是废城一片。

（2）一座古代城堡的遗迹

（3）Heavy smoking may ruin (you), so you should give it up as soon as possible.

7.rescue vt. \ n. 营救，救援

rescue sb/sth from......把某人/某物从......中营救出来

come/go to one’s rescue 来/去救某人

(1) The firemen rescued a baby the burning house.

(2) All the people nearby when hearing her cry for help. 听到她得呼救声后，附近的所有人都来救她了。

8.trap n. 陷阱，诡计，策略v. 使陷入困境，捕获，用计谋使……

●be trapped in 被困在……中，陷在……中

●trap sb. into(doing)sth.诱骗某人（做）某事set a trap for给…….设图套

●fall/walk into a trap落入圈套

(1)When the acident happened, they the lift.

当事故发生时，他们被困在电梯中。

(2) If you walk into the forest, you're likely to 如果你走入森林中，你很可能陷入圈套。

9.bury vt 埋葬，掩埋; 隐瞒

●bury one's face/head in one's hands