基本句型和句子成分

基本句型和句子成分

The sun rises. Subject + Predicate

He has a lot of books. Subject + Predicate + Object

Our teacher told us a patriotic story. Subject + Predicate + Object (i) + Object (d)

She is from a worker’s family. Subject + Predicate +predicative

They called him XiaoLi.

I always find her happy.

We must keep ourselves in good health.

The nurse made the baby laugh. Subject + Predicate + Object + Object Complement

练习:请标注出划线部分的句子成分

1．It is necessary for you to go home at once.

2．It is no use crying.

3．Her younger sister does not know how to use motorcycle. 4．I heard her sing in the room.

5．The old man sitting by the window is our teacher. 6．Night coming, we started for home.

7．All the countries should be treated equal.

8．We came back happily.

答案：(主语) (主语) (宾语)(宾补) (定语) (状语) (主补) (状语)

难点：如何区分形容词作状语和形容词作宾补？

He sold his car new. I consider him honest.

They picked the oranges ripe. He painted the wall white.

1.句式转换

状语，分解

He sold his care when it is new.

They picked the oranges when they are ripe.

宾补，释义

We consider that he is honest./We consider him to be honest.

He painted the wall and now it is white.

2. 动词类型：英语中带形容词宾补的动词大体分为两类：

一是现状动词，如believe, find, consider, like, prefer。这类词是静态动词，宾语后形容词表宾语的状语和属性，存主表关系，可加to be或将复合宾语转化为that从句。

二是结果动词，如get, make, paint, wash, drive, set, push, cut。不能进行上述转化，但是用“cause…to be +adj”结构来表示宾语与主语间的强化关系，表示“使某人/物从某一状态进入另一状态”。

He pushed the door open.(He caused the door to be open by pushing it.)

总之，宾补的功能是说明宾语的属性、特点，只不过借助于谓语动词所表示的动作而使宾语具备这个特点。如何甄别形容词状语和宾补，要从句子意义、句子转换关系和动词的特性等方面综合考虑。