高等土力学-1

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Ralph Peck was born on June 23, 1912 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada to O.K. and Ethel Peck. The family later moved to the United States when young Peck was six years old. He received the degree of Civil Engineer from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1934, and was awarded a three year fellowship for graduate work. Most of his graduate work was in structures with minors in mathematics and geology. On June 14, 1937 Peck married Marjorie Truby. Also, that same day he completed his graduate work and obtained a Doctor of Civil Engineering degree. From that point on he became a world leader in geotechnical engineering and his influence has reached many people. During his career Peck has authored over 200 publications and co-author many more articles on geotechnical engineering.
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2、古典土力学(1923~1963) 古典土力学时代开始以Terzaghi(1923)发表了著名的论文 “粘土中的动水压力的消散计算”为标志，提出了一维固结理 论，紧接着又提出了著名的有效应力原理，从而建立了一门 独立的学科——土力学。 ——变形问题的研究成为重要的研究内容 ——破坏问题始终是当时土力学研究的主题（流） 主要代表人物有：Fellenius、Taylor、Bishop等 研究成果包括：滑弧稳定性分析 承载力公式的提出 散粒体静力学的建立 土体破坏的运动方程、极限平衡方程 的建立
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Mindlin 公式的提出极其在桩基沉降计 算中的应用 弹性地基梁板的计算 砂井固结理论 Biot固结理论 —— 一个原理 有效应力原理 —— 二个理论 变形理论 ——弹性介质、多孔介质 的变形理论 破坏理论 ——刚塑性模型
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Terzaghi, K. is The Father of Soil Mechanics and his “Effective stress principles” is the core of soil mechanics.
Born: October 2, 1883 in Prague Died: October 25, 1963 in Winchester, Massachusetts He was married to Ruth D. Terzaghi, a geologist. He won the Norman Medal of ASCE four times (1930, 1943, 1946, and 1955). He was given nine honorary doctorate degrees from universities in eight different countries.
2、黄文熙， 土的工程性质，1982，中国水利水电出版 3、Karl Terzaghi, Raalph B. Pech and Gholamreza Mesri, Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 1996, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4、James K. Mitchell, Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 1993, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5、T. William Lambe , Robert V. Whitman, Soil Mechanics, SI Version, 1979, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6、沈珠江，理论土力学， 2000，中国水利水电出版社 7、郑颖人 沈珠江 龚晓南 ，岩土塑性力学原理， 2001， 中国 建筑工业出版社 8、李广信， 高等土力学，2004，中国建筑工业出版社 9、Fredlund, D,G & Rahardjo, H., 非饱和土力学，张在明等译， 1998，中国建筑工业出版社 10. 殷宗泽, 土工原理,2007,中国水利水电出版
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Ralph B. Peck with NGI Director Suzanne Lacasse at the opening of Ralph B. Peck Library at NGI (2000)
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Early Practice: Peck initially believed his field of study was in structures, but he later became focused on geotechnical engineering. Dr. Peck had the opportunity to work with Karl Terzaghi early on in his career. On several occasion Terzaghi gave Peck advise on soil mechanics and indeed influenced his career. Peck and Terzaghi have collaborated on several manuscripts and their work has been instrumental in soil mechanics.
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基坑支护设计、施工
“穿黄”隧道工程
南京长江隧道
“L”型挡墙和热棒
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土力学作为一门科学既有成有的喜悦，也有失 败教训，关键是我们需要吸取贴的教训，科学 设计、施工、管理。
典型的管理缺位铸成事故
设计、施工、管理失误造成
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一、土力学发展史 (Developing History of Soil Mechnics) 1、萌芽期(1773~1923) 土力学的发展以Coulomb（1773）首开先河，发表 了“极大极小准则在若干静力学问题中应用”的论文，为 土体破坏理论奠定了基础。 Rankine(1857)的土压力理论 Petterson（1916）提出关于滑坡的分析方法 20年代高层建筑的大量出现，沉降问题开始突出， 弹性力学的发展应用为沉降问题的研究提供了必要的手 段和工具。
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岩土工程研究热点(Research Tropics of
Geotechnical Engineering)
大变形理论与本构模型的研究 小变形理论 结构模型 非饱和土力学理论 损伤模型在岩土工程中的应用研究 渐进破坏理论与剪切带理论及应用 液化特征、液化过程的理论与试验研究 环境岩土工程
Karl von Terzaghi
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Karl Terzaghi used cigarette boxes to do his tests while developing the consolidation theory. This is the background of that term with which (our hope is that) future generations will remain unfamiliar with.
We have a picture of that campus -The birth place of Soil Mechanics-People who see this photo say "if you worked there you were bound to invent something." The exact birth place is at the top of the hill, in that photo, just above the left tower of the castle-- the castle, by the way, was built by Fatih in 1453. It may be worthwhile to record here that KvT has done his consolidation tests --the first in history--in cigarette boxes For the benefit of the younger generations who may not know what a cigarette box is, here is the background information about cigarette boxes.
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3、现代土力学(1963-) 1963年剑桥大学Roscoe教授领导的课题组提出了 著名的弹塑性模型——剑桥模型，标志着现代土力学的开 始。
——非线性模型、弹塑性模型的研究与应用 ——损伤力学模型引入与结构模型的研究 ——非饱和土力学理论的初步建立、非饱和土的固结 理论成果的出现 ——砂土液化理论的研究 ——剪切带理论及渐进破坏理论的研究 ——土的微观力学的研究等 现代土力学包括：1) 应用土力学（地基处理与测试、专家系统、 工程实录等）；2)实验土力学（原位测试、模拟试验、离心机技术与 试验、土工试验等）；3)计算土力学（反分析、非确定性分析、定量 计算技术）；4)理论土力学（本构模型的研究）